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Financial instruments risks
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments [abstract]  
Financial instruments risks
35. Financial instruments risks
Presentation of Risk Management and Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA)
Strategies and processes
The General Risks Policy expresses the levels and types of risk the Group is willing to take to carry out its strategic plan, with no relevant deviations, even under stress conditions.
To achieve its goals, the Group uses a management model with two principles for the decision-making process:
 
   
Prudence: Materialized in relation to the management of the various risks acknowledged by the Group.
 
   
Anticipation: Refers to the adaptation capacity of risk management.
This process aims to be adequate, sufficiently proven, duly documented and periodically reviewed based on the changes of the Group’s risk profile and the market.
Structure and organization
The Group has a formal organizational structure, with a set of roles and responsibilities, organized in a pyramidal structure that generates control instances from lower to higher levels, up to the highest decision-making bodies. The following are the areas that conform the structure and a list of their functions:
 
   
Risks Management Unit.
 
   
Committees.
 
   
Reporting Units.
 
   
Cross-Control Areas.
Risks Management Unit:
This is an area that is independent from the Bank’s business units, in charge of implementing the criteria, policies and procedures defined by the organization within the scope of credit (retail and wholesale), operational and market risk management, with a
follow-up
and control of proper application and proposing the actions necessary to the keep quality of risks within the defined goals. One of its main functions is to ensure proper information for the decision-making process at all levels, including relevant risk factors, such as:
 
   
Active management throughout the life of the risk.
 
   
Clear processes and procedures.
 
   
Integrated management of all risks through identification and quantification.
 
   
Generation, implementation and dissemination of advanced decision-making support tools.
Committees
Committees are the governance bodies through which risks are treated.
Reporting Units
The Reporting Units are in charge of control procedures for risk in compliance with Central Bank regulations, determining the risk quota for each segment of economic activity and type of financing, preparing fundamental metrics setting forth the principles and general risk profile in the statement of Appetite for Risk. In addition, it is in charge of generating reports for the Risks Management Unit for decision-making process in accordance with internal credit policies and control organizations’ policies, reviewing processes and proposing alternatives.
 
 
Cross-Control Areas
The Group also has cross-control areas, such as: Internal Audit, Regulatory Compliance and Internal Control.
Risk Appetite Framework
Risk appetite is a key element which provides the Group with a comprehensive framework to determine the risks and level of risks, expressed in terms of capital, liquidity, profitability, income recurrence, risk costs or other metrics.
Risk appetite is expressed through a statement containing the general principles for the Group’s strategy and quantitative metrics.
Stress Testing
The evaluation of the Group’s financial position under a severe but plausible scenario requires the simulation of scenarios to estimate the potential impact on the value of portfolios, profitability, solvency and liquidity.
Credit risk
It is the most important risk for the Group and includes counterparty risk, issuer risk, settlement risk and country risk management.
Strategy and processes
BBVA Argentina develops its credit risk strategy defining the goals that will guide its granting activities, the policies to be adopted and the necessary practices and procedures to carry out those activities.
Additionally, the Risks Management Department, together with the rest of the Bank’s Management Departments, annually develops a budget process, which includes the main variables of credit risk:
 
   
Expected growth per portfolio and product.
 
   
Evolution of default ratio.
 
   
Evolution of
write-off
portfolios.
This way, the expected standard credit risk values are set for a term of one year. Afterwards, the real values obtained are compared with that budget, to assess the growth of the portfolio and its quality.
Also, maximum limits or exposures per economic activity are formalized, pursuant to the Group’s placement strategy, which are used to follow up credit portfolios. In case of deviations from the set limits, these are analyzed by the Risks
Follow-Up
Committees to take the necessary measures.
Origination
BBVA Argentina has credit risk origination policies in place, to define the criteria to obtain quality assets, establish risk tolerance levels and alignment of the credit activities with the strategy of BBVA Argentina and in accordance with the Group. The policy of accepting risks is therefore organized into three different levels within the Group:
 
   
Analysis of the financial risk of the transaction, based on the debtor’s capacity for repayment or funds generation.
 
   
The constitution of guarantees that are adequate, or at any rate generally accepted, for the risk assumed, in any of the generally accepted forms: monetary, secured, personal or hedge guarantees.
 
   
Assessment of the repayment risk (asset liquidity) of the guarantees received.
Monitoring
The main monitoring procedures carried out by the various Banking areas are:
 
   
Monitoring of the limit granted: Since customer profiles vary over time, the limits of products contracted are periodically reviewed for the purpose of broadening, reducing or suspending the limit assigned, based on the risk situation.
 
 
   
Maintenance of
pre-approved
limits: Customers’ characteristics, vary over time. Therefore, there is periodical maintenance of the
pre-approved
limits, taking into consideration changes in a customer’s situation (position of asset and liability and relationship). Likewise, there is a periodic
follow-up
of the evolution of the
pre-approved
limit amount for the purpose of controlling and ensuring the risk assigned in accordance with the desired risk levels.
 
   
Monitoring of rating tools: Rating tools are a reflection of the internal inputs and show the characteristics and biases of such inputs. Therefore, they need a long period to reduce or eliminate those biases through the inclusion of new information, correction of existing information and periodic reviews optimizing the results of back-tests.
 
   
Portfolio analysis: The portfolio analysis consists of a monitoring process and study of the complete cycle of portfolio risk for the purpose of analyzing the status of the portfolio, identifying potential paths towards improvements in management and forecasting future behavior.
Additionally, the following functions are carried out:
 
   
Monitoring of specific customers.
 
   
Monitoring of products.
 
   
Monitoring of units (branches, areas).
 
   
Other monitoring actions (samples, control of admission process and risk management, campaigns).
The priority in credit risk monitoring processes is focused mainly on problematic or potentially problematic customers for preventive purposes. The remaining aspects, the monitoring of products, units and other monitoring actions, are supplementary to the specific monitoring of customers.
Recovery
BBVA Argentina also has a Recoveries Area within Risk Management to mitigate the severity of credit portfolios, both regarding the Bank and its subsidiaries, as well as to provide the results directly through collections of
write-off
portfolios and indirectly through collections of active portfolios, which imply a reduction of allowances.
Scope and nature of information and/or risk measurement systems
BBVA Argentina has several tools to be used in credit risk management for effective risk control and to facilitate the entire process. The periodic reports are:
 
   
Progress of Risks.
 
   
Payment Schedules.
 
   
Ratings.
 
   
Dashboard.
 
   
Early Alerts System.
 
   
Quarterly tools
follow-up
sheet.
 
 
Exposure to credit risk
The Group’s credit risk exposure of financial assets, loan commitments and financial guarantees under IFRS 9 with stage allocation by asset classification as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is provided below:
 
Credit risk exposure
  
December 31,
2022
    
Stage 1
    
Stage 2
    
Stage 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  
 
178,836,392
 
  
 
178,836,392
 
  
 
—  
 
  
 
—  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial assets at amortized cost
  
 
893,852,150
 
  
 
771,059,294
 
  
 
110,212,064
 
  
 
12,580,792
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Debt securities
  
 
44,527,097
 
  
 
—  
 
  
 
44,527,097
 
  
 
—  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Wholesale
  
 
390,097,138
 
  
 
370,966,529
 
  
 
17,078,867
 
  
 
2,051,742
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- Business
     168,544,650        157,101,387        9,820,911        1,622,352  
- Corporate and Investment Banking
     113,352,612        107,308,134        6,044,465        13  
- Institutional and international
     60,557        2,803        57,175        579  
- MSMEs
     49,397,216        47,812,102        1,156,316        428,798  
- Others
     58,742,103        58,742,103        —          —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Retail
  
 
406,663,113
 
  
 
347,527,963
 
  
 
48,606,100
 
  
 
10,529,050
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- Advances
     1,077,336        589,908        317,253        170,175  
- Credit cards
     264,209,007        227,101,438        32,947,827        4,159,742  
- Personal loans
     70,941,377        62,527,232        4,400,529        4,013,616  
- Pledge loans
     27,158,478        25,608,568        738,283        811,627  
- Mortgages
     42,381,694        30,819,975        10,188,965        1,372,754  
- Receivables from financial leases
     863,298        848,954        13,208        1,136  
- Others
     31,923        31,888        35        —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Reverse repurchase agreements
  
 
52,564,802
 
  
 
52,564,802
 
  
 
—  
 
  
 
—  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- BCRA repos
     52,564,802        52,564,802        —          —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
617,275,646
 
  
 
474,743,734
 
  
 
142,531,912
 
  
 
—  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Debt securities
  
 
617,275,646
 
  
 
474,743,734
 
  
 
142,531,912
 
  
 
—  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total financial assets risk
  
 
1,689,964,188
 
  
 
1,424,639,420
 
  
 
252,743,976
 
  
 
12,580,792
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Loan commitments and financial guarantees
  
 
213,378,338
 
  
 
194,902,377
 
  
 
18,408,859
 
  
 
67,102
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Wholesale
  
 
39,880,930
 
  
 
35,314,905
 
  
 
4,554,978
 
  
 
11,047
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- Business
     14,963,751        12,225,728        2,734,023        4,000  
- Corporate and Investment Banking
     17,460,813        16,646,205        814,608        —    
- Institutional and international
     3,682,576        2,937,612        744,964        —    
- MSMEs
     3,773,790        3,505,360        261,383        7,047  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Retail
  
 
173,497,408
 
  
 
159,587,472
 
  
 
13,853,881
 
  
 
56,055
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- Advances
     9,790,301        9,371,002        417,935        1,364  
- Credit cards
     162,959,370        149,659,487        13,259,575        40,308  
- Mortgages
     677,186        490,752        172,051        14,383  
- Others
     70,551        66,231        4,320        —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total loan commitments and financial guarantees
  
 
213,378,338
 
  
 
194,902,377
 
  
 
18,408,859
 
  
 
67,102
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total credit risk exposure
  
 
1,903,342,526
 
  
 
1,619,541,797
 
  
 
271,152,835
 
  
 
12,647,894
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
Credit risk exposure
  
December 31,
2021
    
Stage 1
    
Stage 2
    
Stage 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  
 
276,574,172
 
  
 
276,574,172
 
  
 
—  
 
  
 
—  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial assets at amortized cost
  
 
1,116,858,224
 
  
 
966,901,255
 
  
 
131,216,445
 
  
 
18,740,524
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Debt securities
     43,956,008        —          43,956,008        —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Wholesale
  
 
345,853,117
 
  
 
308,661,046
 
  
 
30,406,084
 
  
 
6,785,987
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- Business
     149,451,501        129,739,961        16,530,105        3,181,435  
- Corporate and Investment Banking
     111,945,948        96,263,799        12,311,878        3,370,271  
- Institutional and international
     2,703        1,938        97        668  
- MSMEs
     44,436,903        42,639,286        1,564,004        233,613  
- Others
     40,016,062        40,016,062        —          —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Retail
  
 
459,114,122
 
  
 
390,305,232
 
  
 
56,854,353
 
  
 
11,954,537
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- Advances
     1,219,920        802,622        229,340        187,958  
- Credit cards
     294,222,503        259,546,715        30,109,986        4,565,802  
- Personal loans
     78,598,056        61,477,071        11,810,633        5,310,352  
- Pledge loans
     34,642,733        33,086,389        696,214        860,130  
- Mortgages
     49,793,250        34,783,933        14,007,771        1,001,546  
- Receivables from financial leases
     625,315        597,280        409        27,626  
- Others
     12,345        11,222        —          1,123  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Reverse repurchase agreements
  
 
267,934,977
 
  
 
267,934,977
 
  
 
—  
 
  
 
—  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- BCRA repos
     267,934,977        267,934,977        —          —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
325,381,377
 
  
 
212,427,417
 
  
 
112,953,960
 
  
 
—  
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Debt securities
     325,381,377        212,427,417        112,953,960        —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total financial assets risk
  
 
1,718,813,773
 
  
 
1,455,902,844
 
  
 
244,170,405
 
  
 
18,740,524
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Loan commitments and financial guarantees
  
 
173,409,861
 
  
 
160,736,610
 
  
 
12,597,776
 
  
 
75,475
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Wholesale
  
 
32,989,030
 
  
 
28,361,124
 
  
 
4,610,616
 
  
 
17,290
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- Business
     15,204,636        13,010,025        2,184,410        10,201  
- Corporate and Investment Banking
     10,551,603        9,435,127        1,116,476        —    
- Institutional and international
     4,165,682        3,294,538        871,144        —    
- MSMEs
     3,067,109        2,621,434        438,586        7,089  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Retail
  
 
140,420,831
 
  
 
132,375,486
 
  
 
7,987,160
 
  
 
58,185
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
- Advances
     13,781,897        13,379,892        401,687        318  
- Credit cards
     125,774,817        118,383,977        7,333,974        56,866  
- Mortgages
     802,068        550,949        250,118        1,001  
- Others
     62,049        60,668        1,381        —    
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total loan commitments and financial guarantees
  
 
173,409,861
 
  
 
160,736,610
 
  
 
12,597,776
 
  
 
75,475
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total credit risk exposure
  
 
1,892,223,634
 
  
 
1,616,639,454
 
  
 
256,768,181
 
  
 
18,815,999
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
Information on the credit quality of assets
The Group’s credit quality analysis of financial assets under IFRS 9 with risk allocation as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is provided below:
 
Credit quality analysis
  
December 31, 2022
    
December 31, 2021
 
Cash and cash equivalents
                 
- Low risk
     178,836,392        276,574,172  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total cash and cash equivalents
  
 
178,836,392
 
  
 
276,574,172
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Wholesale
                 
- Low risk
     375,070,574        284,644,882  
- Medium risk
     36,222,695        80,435,704  
- High risk
     16,622,010        6,958,284  
- Non performing
     2,062,789        6,803,277  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total wholesale
  
 
429,978,068
 
  
 
378,842,147
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Retail
                 
- Low risk
     443,083,288        455,348,908  
- Medium risk
     120,527,862        129,498,496  
- High risk
     5,964,266        2,674,827  
- Non performing
     10,585,105        12,012,722  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total retail
  
 
580,160,521
 
  
 
599,534,953
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Reverse repurchase agreement
                 
- BCRA repos (CCC+)
     52,564,802        267,934,977  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total reverse repurchase agreement
  
 
52,564,802
 
  
 
267,934,977
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Debt securities
                 
- BCRA Liquidity Bills (CCC+)
     471,020,799        209,779,172  
- Government securities
(CCC-)
     187,059,009        156,909,968  
- Corporate bonds (B)
     3,722,935        1,775,426  
- Corporate bonds (CCC+)
     —          872,819  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total debt securities
  
 
661,802,743
 
  
 
369,337,385
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total credit risk exposure
  
 
1,903,342,526
 
  
 
1,892,223,634
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
The amounts included in the table above represent the Entity’s maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2022, without taking account of any collateral held or other credit enhancements. In order to mitigate credit risk, the value of the collateral held as security and other credit enhancements, as of December 31, 2022, amounted to 349,876,983, and therefore the Entity’s net exposure amounted to 1,553,465,543.
Mitigation of credit risk, collateralized credit risk and other credit enhancements
In most cases, maximum credit risk exposure is reduced by collateral, credit enhancements and other actions which mitigate the Group’s exposure. The Group applies a credit risk hedging and mitigation policy deriving from a banking approach focused on relationship banking. The existence of guarantees could be a necessary but not sufficient instrument for accepting risks, as the assumption of risks by the Group requires prior evaluation of the debtor’s capacity for repayment, or that the debtor can generate sufficient resources to allow the amortization of the risk incurred under the agreed terms.
The procedures for the management and valuation of collateral following the Corporate Policies (retail and wholesale), which establish the basic principles for credit risk management, including the management of collaterals assigned in transactions with customers.
The methods used to value the collateral are in line with the best market practices and imply the use of appraisal of real-estate collateral, the market price in market securities, the trading price of shares in investment funds, etc. All the collaterals received must be correctly assigned and entered in the corresponding register.
The following are the principal types of collateral managed by BBVA Argentina
 
   
Guarantees: It includes sureties or unsecured instruments.
 
   
Joint and several guarantee: upon default on payment, the creditor may collect the unpaid amount from either the debtor or the surety.
 
 
   
Joint guarantee: in this case the guarantors and debt-holders are liable in proportion to their interest in the company / transaction and restricted to such amount or percentage.
 
   
Security interest: it includes guarantees based on tangible assets, which are classified as follows:
 
   
Mortgages: a mortgage does not change the debtor’s unlimited liability, who is fully liable. They are documented pursuant to the Group’s internal regulations for such purposes and are duly registered. Also, there is an independent appraisal, at market value, which enables a prompt sale.
 
   
Pledges: this includes chattel mortgages of motor vehicles or machinery, as well as liens on time deposits and investment funds. To be accepted, they shall be effective upon realization accordingly, be properly documented and approved by the Legal Services area.
Loan commitments
To meet the specific financial needs of customers, the Group’s credit policy also includes, among others, the granting of financial guarantees, letters of credit and lines of credit through checking account overdrafts and credit cards. Although these transactions are not recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, because they imply a potential liability for the Group, they expose the Group to credit risks in addition to those recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and are, therefore, an integral part of the Group’s total risk.
Main types of guarantors
The Group defines that the collateral shall be direct, explicit, irrevocable and unconditional in order to be accepted as risk mitigation. Furthermore, regarding admissible guarantors, BBVA Argentina accepts financial institutions (local or foreign), public entities, stock exchange companies, resident and
non-resident
companies, including insurance companies.
Credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired
The Group has tools (“scoring” and “rating”) that enable it to rank the credit quality of its transactions and customers based on an assessment and its correspondence with the PD scales. To analyze the performance of PD, the Group has a series of tracking tools and historical databases that collect the relevant internally generated information. These tools can be grouped together into scoring and rating models, being the main difference between ratings and scorings is that the latter are used to assess retail products, while ratings use a wholesale banking customer approach.
These different levels and their PD were calculated by using as a reference the rating scales and default rates. These calculations establish the PD levels for the Bank’s Master Rating Scale. Although this scale is common to the entire Group, the calibrations (mapping scores to PD sections/Master Rating Scale levels) are carried out at the country level.
Financial risks
The Financial Risks Management of the Risks Management area applies the criteria, policies and procedures defined by the Board of Directors to manage, with a
follow-up
and control of its proper application, and proposing the necessary actions to maintain the quality of risk within the defined appetite for risk.
 
 
The financial risks management model of BBVA Argentina consists of the Market Risks and Structural Risks and Economic Capital Areas, which are coordinated for the control and
follow-up
of risks.
The management of these risks is in line with the basic principles of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, with a comprehensive process to identify, measure, monitor and control risks.
The organization of financial risks is completed with a scheme of committees in which it participates, for the purpose of having an agile management process integrated into the treatment of the various risks.
Among others:
 
   
Assets and liabilities Committee (ALCO).
 
   
Risk Management Committee (RMC).
 
   
Financial Risks Committee (FRC).
BBVA Argentina has many tools and systems to manage and
follow-up
market risk, to achieve effective risk control and treatment.
Market risk
BBVA Argentina considers market risk as the likelihood of losses of value of the trading portfolio as a consequence of adverse changes in market variables affecting the valuation of financial products and instruments.
The main market risk factors the Group is exposed to are as follows:
 
   
Interest rate risk: From exposure to changes in the various interest rate curves.
 
   
Foreign exchange risk: From changes in the various foreign exchange rates. All positions in a currency other than the currency of the consolidated statements of financial position create foreign exchange risk.
The main market risk metric is Value at Risk (“VaR”), a parameter to estimate the maximum loss expected for the trading portfolio positions with a 99% confidence level and a time horizon of 1 day.
Current management structure and procedures in force include the
follow-up
of a limits and alerts scheme in terms of VaR, economic capital, stress and stop loss.
The market risk measurement model is periodically validated through Back-Testing to determine the quality and precision of the VaR estimate.
The Market Risk management model contemplates procedures for communication in the event the risks levels defined are exceeded, establishing specific communication and acting circuits based on the exceeded threshold.
The market risk measurement perimeter is the trading portfolio (trading book) managed by the Global Markets unit. This portfolio mainly consists of:
 
   
Argentine Government Securities.
 
   
BCRA Liquidity Bills
 
   
Corporate Bonds.
 
   
Foreign exchange spot.
 
   
Derivatives (Exchange rate Futures and Forwards and Interest rate swaps).
The following tables show the trading portfolio total VaR and VaR per risk factors based on daily VaR information:
VaR (in millions of pesos)
 
    
Year ended
December 31,
2022
    
Year ended
December 31,
2021
 
Average
     141.13        222.66  
Minimum
     48.71        37.04  
Maximum
     263.07        504.43  
Closing
     112.22        88.76  
 
 
VaR per risk factors – (in millions of pesos)
 
VaR interest rate   
Year ended
December 31,
2022
    
Year ended
December 31,
2021
 
Average
     157.79        211.15  
Minimum
     49.32        5.75  
Maximum
     298.07        503.39  
Closing
     121.29        90.95  
 
VaR foreign exchange rate   
Year ended
December 31,
2022
    
Year ended
December 31,
2021
 
Average
     1.05        43.11  
Minimum
     -0.47        0.99  
Maximum
     65.11        157.89  
Closing
     0.15        1.29  
Currency risk
The position in foreign currency is shown below:
 
    
Total as of
December 31,
2022
   
As of December 31, 2022 (per currency)
    
Total as of
December 31,
2021
 
   
US Dollar
   
Euro
   
Real
    
Other
 
ASSETS
                                                  
Cash and cash equivalents
     248,413,103       241,650,711       6,289,801       34,874        437,717        291,823,571  
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - Debt securities
     3,520,000       3,520,000       —         —          —          —    
Other financial assets
     19,230,506       19,225,936       4,570       —          —          16,582,433  
Loans and advances
     38,533,754       38,396,582       137,172       —          —          37,076,763  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - Debt securities
     5,466,376       5,466,376       —         —          —          4,185,662  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - Equity instruments
     60,251       60,251       —         —          —          69,822  
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
TOTAL ASSETS
  
 
315,223,990
 
 
 
308,319,856
 
 
 
6,431,543
 
 
 
34,874
 
  
 
437,717
 
  
 
349,738,251
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
LIABILITIES
                                                  
Deposits
     286,006,802       281,212,547       4,794,255       —          —          323,807,648  
Other financial liabilities
     21,896,248       20,919,414       855,481       —          121,353        20,014,128  
Bank loans
     1,109,729       1,023,014       86,715       —          —          991,012  
Other liabilities
     11,786,828       6,227,565       5,559,263       —          —          8,421,778  
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
TOTAL LIABILITIES
  
 
320,799,607
 
 
 
309,382,540
 
 
 
11,295,714
 
 
 
—  
 
  
 
121,353
 
  
 
353,234,566
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
NET LIABILITIES
  
 
(5,575,617
 
 
(1,062,684
 
 
(4,864,171
 
 
34,874
 
  
 
316,364
 
  
 
(3,496,315
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
The notional values of forward transactions, foreign currency forwards and interest rate swaps are detailed in Note 5.2.
Interest rate risk
Structural interest risk (SIR) gathers the potential impact of market interest rate variations on the margin of interest and the equity value of BBVA Argentina.
The process to manage this risk has a limits structure to keep the exposure to this risk within levels that are consistent with the appetite for risk and the business strategy defined and approved by the Board of Directors.
Within the core metrics used for measurement,
follow-up
and control, the following stand out:
 
   
Margin at Risk (MaR): quantifies the maximum loss which may be recorded in the financial margin projected for 12 months under the worst case scenario of rate curves for a certain level of confidence.
 
   
Economic Capital (EC): quantifies the maximum loss which may be recorded in the economic value of the Group under the worst case scenario of rate curves for a certain level of confidence.
The Group additionally carries out an analysis of sensitivity of the economic value and the financial margin for parallel variations by +/- 100 basis points over interest rates.
The following table shows the sensitivity of the economic value (SEV), to +100 basis points variation presented as a proportion of Core Capital:
SEV +100 bps
 
    
December 31,
2022
   
December 31,
2021
 
Closing
     0.62     0.95
Minimum
     0.62     0.54
Maximum
     1.42     1.34
Average
     1.00     0.81
The following table shows the sensitivity of the financial margin (SFM), to
-100
basis points variation presented as a percentage of
12-month
forecast net interest income:
SFM
-100
bps
 
    
December 31,
2022
   
December 31,
2021
 
Closing
     0.47     0.97
Minimum
     0.43     0.72
Maximum
     1.01     1.22
Average
     0.75     0.95
Liquidity and financing risk
Liquidity risk is defined as the possibility of the Group not efficiently meeting its payment obligations without incurring significant losses which may affect its daily operations or its financial standing.
The short-term purpose of the liquidity and financing risk management process at BBVA Argentina is to timely and duly address payment commitments agreed, without resorting to additional funding deteriorating the Group’s reputation or significantly affecting its financial position, keeping the exposure to this risk within levels that are consistent with the appetite for risk and the business strategy defined and approved by the Board of Directors. In the medium and long term, to watch for the suitability of the financial structure of the Bank and its evolution, according to the economic situation, the markets and regulatory changes.
Within the core metrics used for measurement,
follow-up
and control of this risk, management considers the following to be most relevant:
 
 
LtSCD: (Loan to Stable Customers Deposits), measures the relationship between the net credit investment and the customers’ stable resources, and is set forth as the key metric of appetite for risk. The goal is to preserve a stable financing structure in the medium and long term.
Below are the Bank’s LtSCD ratios as of the dates indicated:
 
    
December 31,
2022
   
December 31,
2021
 
LtSCD Closing
     58.0     58.1
Max
     62.8     61.8
Min
     54.6     52.7
Avg
     58.6     57.7
LCR: (Liquidity Coverage Ratio), BBVA Argentina calculates the liquidity coverage coefficient daily by measuring the relation between high quality liquid assets and total net cash outflows during a
30-day
period.
Below are the Bank’s LCR ratios as of the dates indicated:
 
    
December,
2022
   
December,
2021
 
LCR Closing
     348     320
Max
     348     346
Min
     223     304
Avg
     278     320
The following chart shows the concentration of deposits as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
 
     December 31, 2022     December 31, 2021  
Number of customers
   Debt balance      % over total
portfolio
    Debt balance      % over total
portfolio
 
10 largest customers
     97,819,282        7.45     147,859,331        10.72
50 following largest customers
     141,088,812        10.74     153,801,795        11.15
100 following largest customers
     53,449,577        4.07     66,893,598        4.85
Rest of customers
     1,021,462,557        77.74     1,011,235,286        73.28
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
 
TOTAL
  
 
1,313,820,228
 
  
 
100.00
 
 
1,379,790,010
 
  
 
100.00
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
 
The following chart shows the breakdown by contractual maturity of loans and advances, other financing and financial liabilities considering the total amounts to their due date, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
 
    
Assets
(*)
    
Liabilities
(*)
 
    
December 31,
2022
    
December 31,

2021
    
December 31,
2022
    
December 31,
2021
 
Up to 1 month
(**)
     371,517,021        365,856,606        1,260,157,221        1,364,434,848  
From more than 1 month to 3 month
     121,434,474        111,445,237        107,111,751        69,831,480  
From more than 3 month to 6 month
     91,326,749        91,197,252        110,068,684        110,144,027  
From more than 6 month to 12 month
     75,946,906        91,402,986        4,300,628        5,806,892  
From more than 12 month to 24 month    80,308,421      75,726,097      3,336,028      6,510,574  
More than 24 months    139,087,706      125,988,194      5,046,027      7,152,401  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
TOTAL
  
 
879,621,277
 
  
 
861,616,372
 
  
 
1,490,020,339
 
  
 
1,563,880,222
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
(*)
These figures includes expected interest amounts. For floating rate instruments such interest amounts were calculated using interest rate prevailing at the end of each period.
(**)
 
The Bank has liquid assets such as cash and cash equivalents (Note 4), reverse repurchase agreements (Note 6.3) and BCRA liquidity bills (Note 10.1), among others, to settle its liabilities.
Additionally, the Bank has issued financial guarantees and loan commitments which may require outflows on demand.
 
Financial guarantees and loan
commitments
  
December 31,
2022
    
December 31,
2021
 
Up to 1 month
     837,387,924        571,695,645  
From more than 1 month to 3 month
     6,440,802        2,686,685  
From more than 3 month to 6 month
     4,724,639        1,100,387  
From more than 6 month to 12 month
     2,443,748        1,063,368  
From more than 12 month to 24 month
     506,280        265,392  
More than 24 months    914,400      1,231,833  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
TOTAL
  
 
852,417,793
 
  
 
578,043,310
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
The amounts of the Bank’s financial assets and liabilities, which were expected to be collected or paid twelve months after the closing date as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are set forth below:
 
    
December 31,
2022
    
December 31,
2021
 
Financial assets
                 
Loans and advances
     219,396,127        201,714,290  
Debt securities
     1,683,443,548        48,990,253  
Other financial assets
     7,576,707        15,392,699  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
  
 
1,910,416,382
 
  
 
266,097,242
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
                 
Other financial liabilities
     5,915,713        8,398,830  
Bank loans
     2,388,669        5,019,080  
Debt securities issued
     —          195,952  
Deposits
     77,673        49,113  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
  
 
8,382,055
 
  
 
13,662,975