Stock-Based Awards

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

19. Stock-Based Awards

On June 20, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved a new equity award plan under which the Company can issue up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock (less one share for every share granted under prior plans since March 31, 2016 and inclusive of shares available under the prior plans as of March 31, 2016) in the form of stock options and other stock-based awards. The Company also has issued from time to time stock-based awards outside a plan.

The Company grants equity awards to employees and directors which include restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) and stock options. Certain awards described below are subject to acceleration under certain conditions.


		Stock options:		Generally issued for terms of ten years and may vest after at least one year of service and have an exercise price equal to the Company’s stock price on the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options (when granted) using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

		RSAs/RSUs:		Awards are valued based on the Company’s stock price on grant date and generally vest ratably over three years.

		PRSUs:		These awards cliff vest three years from grant date and contain a market condition whereby the number of PRSUs ultimately vesting is tied to how the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) compares to a peer group of other publicly traded asset managers over the three-year period. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to value these awards.

				The number of PRSUs vesting ranges from 0% to 200% of the target number of PRSUs granted, as follows:


				• If the relative TSR is below the 25 th percentile, then 0% of the target number of PRSUs granted will vest;

				• If the relative TSR is at the 25 th percentile, then 50% of the target number of PRSUs granted will vest; and

				• If the relative TSR is above the 25 th percentile, then linear scaling is applied such that the percent of the target number of PRSUs vesting is 100% at the 50 th percentile and capped at 200% of the target number of PRSUs granted for performance at the 100 th percentile.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, total stock-based compensation expense was $3,072 and $3,309, respectively.

A summary of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense and average remaining vesting period is as follows:

	March 31, 2019
	Unrecognized Stock- Based Compensation		Average Remaining Vesting Period
Employees and directors restricted stock awards	$	24,012		2.48

A summary of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:

	Stock Options			RSAs			RSUs			PRSUs
Balance at January 1, 2019		570,537			1,957,102			9,494			—
Granted		—			2,233,878			35,283			270,872	(1)
Exercised/vested		(20,000	)		(827,721	)		(4,341	)		—
Forfeitures		—			(93,194	)		—			—
Balance at March 31, 2019		550,537			3,270,065			40,436			270,872	(1)

(1)

Represents the target number of

PRSUs

granted and outstanding. The number of

PRSUs

that ultimately vest ranges from 0% to 200% of this amount. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to value these awards using the following assumptions for the Company and the peer group: (i) beginning 90-day average stock prices; (ii) valuation date stock prices; (iii) historical stock price volatilities ranging from 22% to 42% (average 28%); (iv) correlation coefficients based upon the price data used to calculate the historical volatilities; (v) a risk free interest rate of 2.56%; and (vi) an expected dividend yield of 0%.