UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________

Form 10-Q

___________________

(Mark One)

| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

or

| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____.

Commission File Number 001-10932

___________________

WisdomTree, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

___________________

Delaware | 13-3487784
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
250 West 34th Street 3rd Floor New York, New York | 10119
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

212-801-2080

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

___________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value Preferred Stock Purchase Rights | WT | The New York Stock Exchange The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 2, 2023, there were 150,335,358 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

WISDOMTREE, INC.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 4
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 34
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 55
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 56
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION | 56
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 56
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 56
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 56
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 57
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 57
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION | 57
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS | 58

Unless otherwise indicated, references to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “WisdomTree” mean WisdomTree, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

WisdomTree®, WisdomTree Prime™ and Modern Alpha® are trademarks of WisdomTree, Inc. in the United States and in other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

| 2 |

Table of Contents

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Report, contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these statements relate to future events or our future financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which are, in some cases, beyond our control and could materially affect our results. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this Report and the documents that we reference in this Report and have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as exhibits to this Report, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

In particular, forward-looking statements in this Report may include statements about:

| ● | anticipated trends, conditions and investor sentiment in the global markets and exchange-traded products, or ETPs;

| ● | anticipated levels of inflows into and outflows out of our ETPs;

| ● | our ability to deliver favorable rates of return to investors;

| ● | competition in our business;

| ● | whether we will experience future growth;

| ● | our ability to develop new products and services and their potential for success;

| ● | our ability to maintain current vendors or find new vendors to provide services to us at favorable costs;

| ● | our ability to successfully implement our strategy relating to digital assets and blockchain-enabled financial services, including WisdomTree Prime™, and achieve its objectives;

| ● | our ability to successfully operate and expand our business in non-U.S. markets;

| ● | the effect of laws and regulations that apply to our business; and

| ● | actions of activist stockholders.

The forward-looking statements in this Report represent our views as of the date of this Report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law. Therefore, these forward-looking statements do not represent our views as of any date other than the date of this Report.

| 3 |

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

| ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

WisdomTree, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Assets |  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 3) |  | $ | 89,481 |  |  | $ | 132,101 |
Financial instruments owned, at fair value (including $54,259 and $25,283 invested in WisdomTree products at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) (Note 5) |  |  | 78,950 |  |  |  | 126,239 |
Accounts receivable (including $32,315 and $24,139 due from related parties at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) |  |  | 35,868 |  |  |  | 30,549 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 6,511 |  |  |  | 4,684 |
Other current assets |  |  | 1,004 |  |  |  | 390 |
Total current assets |  |  | 211,814 |  |  |  | 293,963 |
Fixed assets, net |  |  | 457 |  |  |  | 544 |
Indemnification receivable (Note 20) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,353 |
Securities held-to-maturity |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 259 |
Deferred tax assets, net (Note 20) |  |  | 9,508 |  |  |  | 10,536 |
Investments (Note 7) |  |  | 36,873 |  |  |  | 35,721 |
Right of use assets—operating leases (Note 12) |  |  | 866 |  |  |  | 1,449 |
Goodwill (Note 22) |  |  | 86,841 |  |  |  | 85,856 |
Intangible assets, net (Note 22) |  |  | 604,781 |  |  |  | 603,567 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 447 |  |  |  | 571 |
Total assets |  | $ | 951,824 |  |  | $ | 1,033,819 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fund management and administration payable |  | $ | 27,655 |  |  | $ | 36,521 |
Compensation and benefits payable |  |  | 27,792 |  |  |  | 24,121 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 4,365 |  |  |  | 1,599 |
Operating lease liabilities (Note 12) |  |  | 889 |  |  |  | 1,125 |
Convertible notes—current (Note 10) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59,197 |
Deferred consideration—gold payments (Note 9) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,796 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | 14,660 |  |  |  | 9,075 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 75,361 |  |  |  | 148,434 |
Convertible notes (Note 10) |  |  | 274,514 |  |  |  | 262,019 |
Deferred consideration—gold payments (Note 9) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 183,494 |
Operating lease liabilities (Note 12) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 339 |
Other noncurrent liabilities (Note 20) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,353 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 349,875 |  |  |  | 595,639 |
Preferred stock—Series A Non-Voting Convertible, par value $0.01; 14.750 shares authorized, issued and outstanding; redemption value of $105,090 and $77,969 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) (Note 11) |  |  | 132,569 |  |  |  | 132,569 |
Contingencies (Note 13) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01; 2,000 shares authorized |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Preferred stock—Series C Non-Voting Convertible, par value $0.01; 13.087 shares authorized, issued and outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $0.01; 400,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 150,335 and 146,517 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively |  |  | 1,503 |  |  |  | 1,465 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 387,507 |  |  |  | 291,847 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (1,637 | ) |  |  | (1,420 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 82,007 |  |  |  | 13,719 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 469,380 |  |  |  | 305,611 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 951,824 |  |  | $ | 1,033,819 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Table of Contents

WisdomTree, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Operating Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advisory fees |  | $ | 86,598 |  |  | $ | 70,616 |  |  | $ | 246,239 |  |  | $ | 222,719 |
Other income |  |  | 3,825 |  |  |  | 1,798 |  |  |  | 11,952 |  |  |  | 5,316 |
Total revenues |  |  | 90,423 |  |  |  | 72,414 |  |  |  | 258,191 |  |  |  | 228,035 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  | 27,955 |  |  |  | 23,714 |  |  |  | 81,672 |  |  |  | 73,066 |
Fund management and administration |  |  | 18,023 |  |  |  | 16,285 |  |  |  | 52,903 |  |  |  | 47,855 |
Marketing and advertising |  |  | 3,833 |  |  |  | 3,145 |  |  |  | 12,305 |  |  |  | 11,062 |
Sales and business development |  |  | 3,383 |  |  |  | 2,724 |  |  |  | 9,703 |  |  |  | 8,464 |
Contractual gold payments (Note 9) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,105 |  |  |  | 6,069 |  |  |  | 13,001 |
Professional fees |  |  | 3,719 |  |  |  | 2,367 |  |  |  | 15,768 |  |  |  | 11,134 |
Occupancy, communications and equipment |  |  | 1,203 |  |  |  | 986 |  |  |  | 3,476 |  |  |  | 2,788 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 537 |  |  |  | 158 |
Third-party distribution fees |  |  | 2,694 |  |  |  | 1,833 |  |  |  | 6,828 |  |  |  | 5,863 |
Other |  |  | 2,601 |  |  |  | 2,324 |  |  |  | 7,473 |  |  |  | 6,278 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 63,718 |  |  |  | 57,541 |  |  |  | 196,734 |  |  |  | 179,669 |
Operating income |  |  | 26,705 |  |  |  | 14,873 |  |  |  | 61,457 |  |  |  | 48,366 |
Other Income/(Expenses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | (3,461 | ) |  |  | (3,734 | ) |  |  | (11,484 | ) |  |  | (11,199 | )
Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments (Note 9) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 77,895 |  |  |  | 61,953 |  |  |  | 63,188 |
Interest income |  |  | 791 |  |  |  | 811 |  |  |  | 2,874 |  |  |  | 2,375 |
Impairments (Note 7) |  |  | (2,703 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,603 | ) |  |  | — |
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes (Note 10) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,721 | ) |  |  | — |
Other losses, net |  |  | (2,512 | ) |  |  | (5,289 | ) |  |  | (3,233 | ) |  |  | (34,470 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 18,820 |  |  |  | 84,556 |  |  |  | 94,243 |  |  |  | 68,260 |
Income tax expense/(benefit) |  |  | 5,836 |  |  |  | 3,327 |  |  |  | 10,774 |  |  |  | (10,713 | )
Net income |  | $ | 12,984 |  |  | $ | 81,229 |  |  | $ | 83,469 |  |  | $ | 78,973 |
Earnings per share—basic |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |
Earnings per share—diluted |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |
Weighted-average common shares—basic |  |  | 145,284 |  |  |  | 143,120 |  |  |  | 144,505 |  |  |  | 142,984 |
Weighted-average common shares—diluted |  |  | 177,140 |  |  |  | 158,953 |  |  |  | 169,997 |  |  |  | 158,741 |
Cash dividends declared per common share |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Table of Contents

WisdomTree, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income |  | $ | 12,984 |  |  | $ | 81,229 |  |  | $ | 83,469 |  |  | $ | 78,973 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income taxes |  |  | (944 | ) |  |  | (3,684 | ) |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (5,891 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | (944 | ) |  |  | (3,684 | ) |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (5,891 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 12,040 |  |  | $ | 77,545 |  |  | $ | 83,252 |  |  | $ | 73,082 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Table of Contents

WisdomTree, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  | Series C Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional |  | Accumulated Other |  |  |  |
|  | Shares Issued |  | Par Value |  | Shares Issued |  | Par Value |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total
Balance—July 1, 2023 |  |  | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 150,343 |  |  | $ | 1,503 |  |  | $ | 383,621 |  |  | $ | (693 | ) |  | $ | 74,356 |  |  | $ | 458,787 |
Shares repurchased |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (30 | )
Restricted stock issued and vesting of restricted stock units, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,916 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,916 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (944 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (944 | )
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,333 | ) |  |  | (5,333 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,984 |  |  |  | 12,984 |
Balance—September 30, 2023 |  |  | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 150,335 |  |  | $ | 1,503 |  |  | $ | 387,507 |  |  | $ | (1,637 | ) |  | $ | 82,007 |  |  | $ | 469,380 |

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
|  | Series C Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional |  | Accumulated Other |  | (Accumulated |  |
|  | Shares Issued |  | Par Value |  | Shares Issued |  | Par Value |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Comprehensive Loss |  | Deficit)/Retained Earnings |  | Total
Balance—July 1, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 146,511 |  |  | $ | 1,465 |  |  | $ | 286,854 |  |  | $ | (1,525 | ) |  | $ | (29,538 | ) |  | $ | 257,256 |
Restricted stock issued and vesting of restricted stock units, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares repurchased |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (24 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,454 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,454 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,684 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,684 | )
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,842 | ) |  |  | (4,842 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 81,229 |  |  |  | 81,229 |
Balance—September 30, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 146,520 |  |  | $ | 1,465 |  |  | $ | 289,284 |  |  | $ | (5,209 | ) |  | $ | 46,849 |  |  | $ | 332,389 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Table of Contents

WisdomTree, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Continued)

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  | Series C Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional |  | Accumulated Other |  |  |  |
|  | Shares Issued |  | Par Value |  | Shares Issued |  | Par Value |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total
Balance—January 1, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 146,517 |  |  | $ | 1,465 |  |  | $ | 291,847 |  |  | $ | (1,420 | ) |  | $ | 13,719 |  |  | $ | 305,611 |
Shares issued in connection with termination of the deferred consideration—gold payments obligation, net of issuance costs (Note 9) |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86,801 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86,801 |
Restricted stock issued and vesting of restricted stock units, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,417 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares issued in connection with convertible notes that matured on June 15, 2023 (Note 11) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,037 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45 |
Shares repurchased |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (636 | ) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (3,564 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,570 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,422 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,422 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (217 | )
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,181 | ) |  |  | (15,181 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 83,469 |  |  |  | 83,469 |
Balance—September 30, 2023 |  |  | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 150,335 |  |  | $ | 1,503 |  |  | $ | 387,507 |  |  | $ | (1,637 | ) |  | $ | 82,007 |  |  | $ | 469,380 |

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
|  | Series C Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional |  | Accumulated Other |  | (Accumulated |  |
|  | Shares Issued |  | Par Value |  | Shares Issued |  | Par Value |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Comprehensive Income/(Loss) |  | Deficit)/Retained Earnings |  | Total
Balance—January 1, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 145,107 |  |  | $ | 1,451 |  |  | $ | 289,736 |  |  | $ | 682 |  |  | $ | (22,445 | ) |  | $ | 269,424 |
Restricted stock issued and vesting of restricted stock units, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,006 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares repurchased |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (593 | ) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (3,412 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,418 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,822 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,822 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,891 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,891 | )
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,842 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,679 | ) |  |  | (14,521 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 78,973 |  |  |  | 78,973 |
Balance—September 30, 2022 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 146,520 |  |  | $ | 1,465 |  |  | $ | 289,284 |  |  | $ | (5,209 | ) |  | $ | 46,849 |  |  | $ | 332,389 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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WisdomTree, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 83,469 |  |  | $ | 78,973 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments |  |  | (61,953 | ) |  |  | (63,188 | )
Advisory and license fees paid in gold, other precious metals and cryptocurrency |  |  | (37,632 | ) |  |  | (44,886 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 12,422 |  |  |  | 7,822 |
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | 9,721 |  |  |  | — |
Impairments |  |  | 7,603 |  |  |  | — |
Contractual gold payments |  |  | 6,069 |  |  |  | 13,001 |
Amortization of issuance costs—convertible notes |  |  | 1,443 |  |  |  | 1,941 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | 2,233 |
Losses on investments |  |  | 1,245 |  |  |  | — |
Losses on financial instruments owned, at fair value |  |  | 1,006 |  |  |  | 15,633 |
Amortization of right of use asset |  |  | 963 |  |  |  | 648 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 537 |  |  |  | 158 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | (223 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (7,346 | ) |  |  | 4,076 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | (1,826 | ) |  |  | (2,356 | )
Gold and other precious metals |  |  | 30,629 |  |  |  | 33,598 |
Other assets |  |  | 356 |  |  |  | (503 | )
Intangibles—software development |  |  | (1,569 | ) |  |  | (1,958 | )
Fund management and administration payable |  |  | 3,577 |  |  |  | 1,369 |
Compensation and benefits payable |  |  | (8,786 | ) |  |  | (4,990 | )
Income taxes payable |  |  | 2,802 |  |  |  | (1,822 | )
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | (955 | ) |  |  | (644 | )
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | 5,293 |  |  |  | 4,231 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 48,350 |  |  |  | 43,113 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of financial instruments owned, at fair value |  |  | (56,837 | ) |  |  | (41,240 | )
Purchase of investments |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | (11,863 | )
Acquisition of Securrency Transfers, Inc. (net of cash acquired) |  |  | (985 | ) |  |  | — |
Purchase of fixed assets |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  | (211 | )
Proceeds from the sale of financial instruments owned, at fair value |  |  | 102,276 |  |  |  | 27,650 |
Receipt of contingent consideration – Sale of Canadian ETF business |  |  | 1,477 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from held-to-maturity securities maturing or called prior to maturity |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 38 |
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities |  |  | 35,860 |  |  |  | (25,626 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repurchase and maturity of convertible notes (Note 10) |  |  | (184,272 | ) |  |  | — |
Termination of deferred consideration—gold payments |  |  | (50,005 | ) |  |  | — |
Dividends paid |  |  | (14,897 | ) |  |  | (14,521 | )
Shares repurchased |  |  | (3,570 | ) |  |  | (3,418 | )
Issuance costs—Convertible notes |  |  | (3,548 | ) |  |  | — |
Issuance costs—Series C Preferred Stock |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes (Note 10) |  |  | 130,000 |  |  |  | — |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (126,389 | ) |  |  | (17,939 | )
Decrease in cash flow due to changes in foreign exchange rate |  |  | (441 | ) |  |  | (7,557 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (42,620 | ) |  |  | (8,009 | )
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year |  |  | 132,101 |  |  |  | 140,709 |
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period |  | $ | 89,481 |  |  | $ | 132,700 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 8,069 |  |  | $ | 8,769 |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 8,272 |  |  | $ | 6,156 |

NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES

On May 10, 2023, the Company issued 13.087 shares of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (valued at $86,898) in connection with the termination of its deferred consideration—gold payments obligation. See Notes 9 and 11 for additional information.

On June 15, 2023, the Company issued 1,037 shares of common stock (as the conversion option was in the money) in connection with the maturity of $60,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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WisdomTree, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

1. Organization and Description of Business

WisdomTree, Inc., through its global subsidiaries (collectively, “WisdomTree” or the “Company”), is a global financial innovator, offering a well-diversified suite of exchange-traded products (“ETPs”), models and solutions. Building on its heritage of innovation, the Company is also developing and has recently launched next-generation digital products and structures, including digital or blockchain-enabled mutual funds (“Digital Funds”) and tokenized assets, as well as its blockchain-native digital wallet, WisdomTree Prime™. The Company has the following wholly-owned operating subsidiaries:

| ● | WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. is a New York based investment adviser registered with the SEC, providing investment advisory and other management services to the WisdomTree Trust (“WTT”) and WisdomTree exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). The WisdomTree ETFs are issued in the U.S. by WTT. WTT is a non-consolidated Delaware statutory trust registered with the SEC as an open-end management investment company. The Company has licensed to WTT the use of certain of its own indexes on an exclusive basis for the WisdomTree ETFs in the U.S.

| ● | WisdomTree Management Jersey Limited (“ManJer”) is a Jersey based management company providing management services to seven issuers (the “ManJer Issuers”) in respect of the ETPs issued and listed by the ManJer Issuers covering commodity, currency, cryptocurrency and leveraged-and-inverse strategies.

| ● | WisdomTree Multi Asset Management Limited (“WTMAML”) is a Jersey based management company providing management services to WisdomTree Multi Asset Issuer PLC (“WMAI”) in respect of the ETPs issued by WMAI. WMAI is a non-consolidated public limited company domiciled in Ireland.

| ● | WisdomTree Management Limited (“WML”) is an Ireland based management company providing management services to WisdomTree Issuer ICAV (“WTICAV”) in respect of the WisdomTree UCITS ETFs issued by WTICAV. WTICAV is a non-consolidated public limited company domiciled in Ireland.

| ● | WisdomTree UK Limited (“WTUK”) is a U.K. based company registered with the Financial Conduct Authority currently providing distribution and support services to ManJer, WTMAML and WML.

| ● | WisdomTree Europe Limited is a U.K. based company which is the legacy distributor of the WMAI ETPs and WisdomTree UCITS ETFs. These services are now provided directly by WTUK. WisdomTree Europe Limited is no longer regulated and does not provide any regulated services.

| ● | WisdomTree Ireland Limited is an Ireland based company authorized by the Central Bank of Ireland providing distribution services to ManJer, WTMAML and WML.

| ● | WisdomTree Digital Commodity Services, LLC is a New York based company that has been formed to serve as the sponsor of the WisdomTree Bitcoin Trust and WisdomTree Ethereum Trust, each an ETF currently under review with the SEC.

| ● | WisdomTree Digital Management, Inc. (“WT Digital Management”) is a New York based investment adviser registered with the SEC, providing investment advisory and other management services to the WisdomTree Digital Trust (“WTDT”) and WisdomTree Digital Funds. The WisdomTree Digital Funds are issued in the U.S. by WTDT. WTDT is a non-consolidated Delaware statutory trust registered with the SEC as an open-end management investment company. Each Digital Fund uses blockchain technology to maintain a secondary record of its shares on one or more blockchains (e.g., Stellar or Ethereum), but does not directly or indirectly invest in any assets that rely on blockchain technology, such as cryptocurrencies.

| ● | WisdomTree Digital Movement, Inc. (“WT Digital Movement”) is a New York based company operating as a money services business registered with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. WT Digital Movement has obtained and is seeking additional state money transmitter licenses to operate a platform for the purchase, sale and exchange of tokenized assets, while also providing digital wallet services through WisdomTree Prime™, a blockchain-native digital wallet, to facilitate such activity.

| ● | WisdomTree Securities, Inc. is a New York based limited purpose broker-dealer (i.e., mutual fund retailer), facilitating transactions in WisdomTree Digital Funds.

| ● | WisdomTree Transfers, Inc. is a New York based transfer agent registered with the SEC, providing transfer agency services for the Digital Funds. The transfer agent maintains the official record of share ownership in book entry form and reconciles the official record with the secondary record of ownership of shares on one or more blockchains.

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2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and in the opinion of management reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Consolidation

The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. The Company determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity (“VOE”) or a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The usual condition for a controlling financial interest in a VOE is ownership of a majority voting interest. If the Company has a majority voting interest in a VOE, the entity is consolidated. The Company has a controlling financial interest in a VIE when the Company has a variable interest that provides it with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company reassesses its evaluation of whether an entity is a VOE or VIE when certain reconsideration events occur.

Segment and Geographic Information

The Company, through its subsidiaries in the U.S. and Europe, conducts business as a single operating segment as an ETP sponsor and asset manager which is based upon the Company’s current organizational and management structure, as well as information used by the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources and other factors.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated based on the end of period exchange rates from local currency to U.S. dollars. Results of operations are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the period. The impact of the foreign currency translation adjustment is included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as a component of other comprehensive loss.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the periods presented. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company earns substantially all of its revenue in the form of advisory fees from its ETPs and recognizes this revenue over time, as the performance obligation is satisfied. Advisory fees are based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice.

Contractual Gold Payments

Contractual gold payments are measured and paid monthly based upon the average daily spot price of gold (Note 9). The Company’s obligation to continue making these payments terminated on May 10, 2023.

Marketing and Advertising

Marketing and advertising costs, including media advertising and production costs, are expensed when incurred.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization is provided for using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

Equipment | 3 to 5 years
Internally-developed software | 3 years

The assets listed above are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization.

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Stock-Based Awards

Accounting for stock-based compensation requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all equity awards based on estimated fair values. Stock-based compensation is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award and is amortized over the relevant service period. Forfeitures are recognized when they occur.

Third-Party Distribution Fees

The Company pays a percentage of its advisory fee revenues based on incremental growth in assets under management (“AUM”), subject to caps or minimums, to marketing agents to sell WisdomTree ETFs and for including WisdomTree ETFs on third-party customer platforms and recognizes these expenses as incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be classified as cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposits with financial institutions in an amount that is in excess of federally insured limits.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are customer and other obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company measures credit losses, if any, by applying historical loss rates, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts to amounts outstanding using the aging method.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company performs a review for the impairment of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets are less than their carrying amounts or when other events occur which may indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Financial Instruments Owned and Financial Instruments Sold, but Not yet Purchased (at Fair Value)

Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased are financial instruments classified as either trading or available-for-sale (“AFS”). These financial instruments are recorded on their trade date and are measured at fair value. All equity instruments that have readily determinable fair values are classified by the Company as trading. Debt instruments are classified based primarily on the Company’s intent to hold or sell the instrument. Changes in the fair value of debt instruments classified as trading and AFS are reported in other income/(expenses) and other comprehensive income, respectively, in the period the change occurs. Debt instruments classified as AFS are assessed for impairment on a quarterly basis and an estimate for credit loss is provided when the fair value of the AFS debt instrument is below its amortized cost basis. Credit-related impairments are recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the instrument’s amortized cost basis if the Company intends to sell the impaired AFS debt instrument or it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the instrument before recovering its amortized cost basis. Other credit-related impairments are recognized as an allowance with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Impairments resulting from noncredit-related factors are recognized in other comprehensive income. Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings upon sale of the AFS debt instrument using the specific identification method.

Securities Held-to-Maturity

The Company accounts for certain of its securities as held-to-maturity on a trade date basis, which are recorded at amortized cost. For held-to-maturity securities, the Company has the intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity and it is not more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are placed on non-accrual status when the Company is in receipt of information indicating collection of interest is doubtful. Cash received on held-to-maturity securities placed on non-accrual status is recognized on a cash basis as interest income if and when received.

The Company reviews its portfolio of held-to-maturity securities for impairment on a quarterly basis, recognizing an allowance, if any, by applying an estimated loss rate after consideration for the nature of collateral securing the financial asset as well as potential future changes in collateral values and historical loss information for financial assets secured with similar collateral.

Investments in pass-through government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”) are determined to have an estimated loss rate of zero due to an implicit U.S. government guarantee.

Investments

The Company accounts for equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value under the measurement alternative prescribed in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 321, Investments – Equity Securities (“ASC 321”), to the extent such investments are not subject to consolidation or the equity method. Under the measurement alternative, these financial instruments are carried at cost, less any impairment (assessed quarterly), plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. In addition, income is recognized when dividends are received only to the extent they are distributed from net accumulated earnings of the investee. Otherwise, such distributions are considered returns of investment and are recorded as a reduction of the cost of the investment.

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Investments in debt instruments are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in other income/(expenses).

Goodwill

Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at least annually and at the time of a triggering event requiring re-evaluation, if one were to occur. Goodwill is considered impaired when the estimated fair value of the reporting unit that was allocated the goodwill is less than its carrying value. If the estimated fair value of such reporting unit is less than its carrying value, goodwill impairment is recognized based on that difference, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment provided that the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and management regularly reviews the operating results of that component.

Goodwill is allocated to the Company’s U.S. business and European business components. For impairment testing purposes, these components are aggregated as a single reporting unit as they fall under the same operating segment and have similar economic characteristics.

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually on November 30th. When performing its goodwill impairment test, the Company considers a qualitative assessment, when appropriate, and a quantitative assessment using the market approach and its market capitalization when determining the fair value of the reporting unit.

Intangible Assets

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually and are also reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired if their estimated fair values are less than their carrying values.

Finite-lived intangible assets, if any, are amortized over their estimated useful life, which is the period over which the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Company. These intangible assets are tested for impairment at the time of a triggering event, if one were to occur. Finite-lived intangible assets may be impaired when the estimated undiscounted future cash flows generated from the assets are less than their carrying amounts.

The Company may rely on a qualitative assessment when performing its intangible asset impairment test. Otherwise, the impairment evaluation is performed at the lowest level of reasonably identifiable cash flows independent of other assets. The annual impairment testing date for all of the Company’s intangible assets is November 30th.

Software Development Costs

Software development costs incurred after the preliminary project stage is complete are capitalized if it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Capitalized costs consist of employee compensation costs and fees paid to third parties who are directly involved in the application development efforts and are included in intangible assets, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software on a straight-line basis and are included in depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Once the application development stage is complete, additional costs are expensed as incurred.

Leases

The Company accounts for its lease obligations in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), which requires the recognition of both (i) a lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments and (ii) an offsetting right-of-use asset. The remaining lease payments are discounted using the rate implicit in the lease, if known, or otherwise the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. After lease commencement, right-of-use assets are assessed for impairment and otherwise are amortized over the remaining lease term on a straight-line basis. These recognition requirements are not applied to short-term leases, which are those with a lease term of 12 months or less. Instead, lease payments associated with short-term leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

ASC 842 also provides a practical expedient which allows for consideration in a contract to be accounted for as a single lease component rather than allocated between lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected to apply this practical expedient to all lease contracts, where applicable.

Deferred Consideration—Gold Payments

Deferred consideration—gold payments represented the present value of an obligation to pay gold to a third party into perpetuity and was measured using forward-looking gold prices observed on the CMX exchange, a selected discount rate and perpetual growth rate (Note 9). Changes in the fair value of this obligation were reported as gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Convertible Notes

Convertible notes are carried at amortized cost, net of issuance costs. The Company accounts for convertible instruments as a single liability (applicable to the convertible notes) or equity with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features unless the conversion feature meets the criteria for accounting under the substantial premium model or does not qualify for a derivative scope exception. Interest expense is recognized using the effective interest method and includes amortization of issuance costs over the life of the debt.

Contingencies

The Company may be subject to reviews, inspections and investigations by regulatory authorities as well as legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company evaluates the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome of all legal or regulatory proceedings to which it is a party and accrues a loss contingency when the loss is probable and reasonably estimable.

Contingent Payments

The Company recognizes a gain on contingent payments when the contingency is resolved and the gain is realized.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Net income available to common stockholders represents net income of the Company reduced by an allocation of earnings to participating securities. The Series A non-voting convertible preferred stock and Series C non-voting convertible preferred stock (Note 11) and unvested stock-based equity awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and are included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method. Stock-based equity awards that do not contain such rights are not deemed participating securities and are included in diluted shares outstanding (if dilutive).

Diluted EPS is calculated under the treasury stock method and the two-class method. The calculation that results in the lowest diluted EPS amount for the common stock is reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The treasury stock method includes the dilutive effect of potential common shares including unvested stock-based awards, the Series A non-voting convertible preferred stock, the Series C non-voting convertible preferred stock and the convertible notes, if any. Potential common shares associated with the Series A non-voting convertible preferred stock, the Series C non-voting convertible preferred stock and the convertible notes are computed under the if-converted method. Potential common shares associated with the conversion option embedded in the convertible notes are dilutive when the Company’s average stock price exceeds the conversion price.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method, which requires the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Tax positions are evaluated utilizing a two-step process. The Company first determines whether any of its tax positions are more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination, based solely on the technical merits of the position. Once it is determined that a position meets this recognition threshold, the position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company records interest expense and penalties related to tax expenses as income tax expense.

The Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Tax Reform Act requires the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. An accounting policy election is available to either account for the tax effects of GILTI in the period that is subject to such taxes or to provide deferred taxes for book and tax basis differences that upon reversal may be subject to such taxes. The Company accounts for the tax effects of these provisions in the period that is subject to such tax.

Non-income based taxes are recorded as part of other liabilities and other expenses.

3. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Of the total cash and cash equivalents of $89,481 and $132,101 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $88,240 and $131,104, respectively, were held at two financial institutions. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, cash equivalents were approximately $329 and $930, respectively.

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are required to maintain a minimum level of regulatory capital, which was $27,844 and $25,988 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These requirements are generally satisfied by cash on hand.

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4. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of financial instruments is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., “the exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the transparency of inputs as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 – Instruments whose significant drivers are unobservable.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from product to product and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new and not yet established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by management in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

The tables below summarize the categorization of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no transfers between Levels 2 and 3.

|  | September 30, 2023
|  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Financial instruments owned, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ETFs |  |  | 42,382 |  |  |  | 42,382 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Pass-through GSEs |  |  | 24,419 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,419 |  |  |  | — |
Other assets—seed capital (WisdomTree Digital Funds): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  |  | 4,851 |  |  |  | 4,851 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Equities |  |  | 5,405 |  |  |  | 5,405 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Fixed income |  |  | 1,893 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,893 |  |  |  | — |
Investments in Convertible Notes (Note 7): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securrency, Inc.—convertible note |  |  | 16,190 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,190 |
Securrency, Inc.—secured convertible note |  |  | 12,925 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,925 |
Fnality International Limited—convertible note |  |  | 7,453 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,453 |
Total |  | $ | 115,847 |  |  | $ | 52,967 |  |  | $ | 26,312 |  |  | $ | 36,568 |
Non-recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securrency, Inc.—Series A convertible preferred stock(1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Securrency, Inc.—Series B convertible preferred stock(1) |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 305 |
Other investments(1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 305 |

_____________________________

(1) Fair value determined on September 30, 2023.

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|  | December 31, 2022
|  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  | $ | 930 |  |  | $ | 930 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Financial instruments owned, at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ETFs |  |  | 23,772 |  |  |  | 23,772 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
U.S. treasuries |  |  | 2,980 |  |  |  | 2,980 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Pass-through GSEs |  |  | 96,837 |  |  |  | 23,290 |  |  |  | 73,547 |  |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 885 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 885 |  |  |  | — |
Other assets—seed capital (WisdomTree Digital Funds) |  |  | 1,765 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,765 |  |  |  | — |
Investments in Convertible Notes (Note 7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securrency, Inc.—convertible note |  |  | 14,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,500 |
Fnality International Limited—convertible note |  |  | 6,921 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,921 |
Total |  | $ | 148,590 |  |  | $ | 50,972 |  |  | $ | 76,197 |  |  | $ | 21,421 |
Non-recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other investments(1) |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 312 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred consideration—gold payments (Note 9) |  | $ | 200,290 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200,290 |

_____________________________

(1) Fair value determined on May 10, 2022.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements – Methodology

Cash Equivalents (Note 3) – These financial assets represent cash invested in highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than 90 days. These investments are valued at par, which approximates fair value, and are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Financial instruments owned (Note 5) – Financial instruments owned are investments in ETFs, pass-through GSEs, U.S. treasuries, equities and fixed income. ETFs, U.S. treasuries and equities are generally traded in active, quoted and highly liquid markets and are therefore classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. Pricing of pass-through GSEs and fixed income includes consideration given to collateral characteristics and market assumptions related to yields, credit risk and timing of prepayments and are therefore generally classified as Level 2. Pass-through GSE positions invested in through a fund structure with a quoted market price on an exchange are generally classified as Level 1.

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Fair Value Measurements classified as Level 3 – The following table presents a reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements classified as Level 3:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Investments in Convertible Notes (Note 7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 30,602 |  |  | $ | 11,712 |  |  | $ | 21,421 |  |  | $ | — |
Purchases |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | 11,863 |
Net unrealized gains(1) |  |  | 5,966 |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 5,147 |  |  |  | 176 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 36,568 |  |  | $ | 12,039 |  |  | $ | 36,568 |  |  | $ | 12,039 |
Deferred Consideration (Note 9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 242,767 |  |  | $ | 200,290 |  |  | $ | 228,062 |
Net realized losses(2) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,105 |  |  |  | 6,069 |  |  |  | 13,001 |
Net unrealized gains(3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (77,895 | ) |  |  | (61,953 | ) |  |  | (63,188 | )
Settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,220 | ) |  |  | (144,406 | ) |  |  | (13,118 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 164,757 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 164,757 |

_____________________________

(1) Recorded in impairments and other losses, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(2) Recorded as contractual gold payments expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(3) Recorded as gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

5. Financial instruments owned

These instruments consist of the following:

|  |  | September 30, 2023 |  |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Financial instruments owned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities |  | $ | 66,801 |  |  | $ | 124,474 |
Other assets—seed capital (WisdomTree Digital Funds) |  |  | 12,149 |  |  |  | 1,765 |
|  | $ | 78,950 |  |  | $ | 126,239 |

The Company recognized net trading losses on financial instruments owned that were still held at the reporting dates of $1,958 and $6,010 during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $648 and $13,922 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which were recorded in other losses, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

6. Securities Held-to-Maturity

The following table is a summary of the Company’s securities held-to-maturity:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Debt instruments: Pass-through GSEs (amortized cost) |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 259 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company received proceeds of $22 and $38, respectively, from held-to-maturity securities maturing or being called prior to maturity.

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The following table summarizes unrealized losses, gains and fair value (classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy) of securities held-to-maturity:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Cost/amortized cost |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 259 |
Gross unrealized losses |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | (20 | )
Fair value |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 239 |

An allowance for credit losses was not provided on the Company’s held-to-maturity securities as all securities are investments in pass-through GSEs which are determined to have an estimated loss rate of zero due to an implicit U.S. government guarantee.

The following table sets forth the maturity profile of the securities held-to-maturity; however, these securities may be called prior to the maturity date:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Due within one year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due one year through five years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Due five years through ten years |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 27 |
Due over ten years |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | 232 |
Total |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 259 |

7. Investments

The following table sets forth the Company’s investments:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | Carrying Value |  | Cost |  | Carrying Value |  | Cost
Securrency, Inc.—Series A convertible preferred stock |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,112 |  |  | $ | 8,488 |  |  | $ | 8,112 |
Securrency, Inc.—Series B convertible preferred stock |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 5,500 |  |  |  | 5,500 |  |  |  | 5,500 |
Securrency, Inc.—secured convertible note |  |  | 12,925 |  |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Securrency, Inc.—convertible note |  |  | 16,190 |  |  |  | 15,000 |  |  |  | 14,500 |  |  |  | 15,000 |
Subtotal—Securrency, Inc. |  | $ | 29,420 |  |  | $ | 38,612 |  |  | $ | 28,488 |  |  | $ | 28,612 |
Fnality International Limited—convertible note |  |  | 7,453 |  |  |  | 6,863 |  |  |  | 6,921 |  |  |  | 6,863 |
Other investments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | 312 |  |  |  | 250 |
Total |  | $ | 36,873 |  |  | $ | 45,725 |  |  | $ | 35,721 |  |  | $ | 35,725 |

Securrency, Inc.

On October 19, 2023, it was announced that Securrency, Inc. (“Securrency”) entered into an agreement to be acquired by an unrelated third party, which will result in the Company’s exit from this investment. The Company used the market approach to mark its investment in Securrency to the estimated realizable value, which resulted in a net impairment charge of $2,391 recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a net impairment charge on its investment in Securrency totaling $7,291 and additional losses of $1,777, recorded in other losses, net.

Fnality International Limited

In February 2022, the Company participated in a convertible note financing, making an investment of £5,000 ($6,863) in convertible notes of Fnality International Limited (“Fnality”), a company incorporated in England and Wales and focused on creating a peer-to-peer digital wholesale settlement ecosystem comprised of a consortium of financial institutions, offering real time cross-border payments from a single pool of liquidity. In consideration for its investment, the Company was issued a 5% Convertible Unsecured Loan Note maturing on December 31, 2023.

The note is convertible into equity shares in the event of a future qualified equity financing of Fnality. The note will convert at a conversion price equal to the lower of (i) a discount of 20% to the lowest price paid per equity share issued pursuant to such future financing round and (ii) an amount paid per share subject to a pre-money valuation cap. Mandatory conversion may occur on or after the maturity date or, if earlier, in the event a future financing round has not been completed within a specified time from an initial closing of such financing round (“Long Stop Date”), upon the approval of holders of at least 75% of the outstanding notes. The note is also convertible, at the option of the Company, following the earlier of the maturity date or such Long Stop Date.

The note is redeemable upon the occurrence of a change of control for an amount which is the greater of (i) the principal amount and all accrued interest and (ii) the amount that would be received had the note been converted to equity shares immediately prior to the occurrence of the change of control. Redemption may also occur on or after maturity or prior to maturity upon approval by holders of at least 50% and 75%, respectively, of the outstanding notes, or in connection with bankruptcy or other liquidation events.

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The note is accounted for at fair value. Fair value is determined by the Company using the PWERM and is also remeasured for changes in the British pound and U.S. dollar exchange rate. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a loss of ($426) and a gain of $532, respectively, when remeasuring the notes to fair value.

The table below presents the probability ascribed to potential outcomes used in the PWERM (classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy) and the time to exit:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Conversion of note upon a future financing round |  |  | 95 | % |  |  | 85% |
Redemption of note upon a change of control |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 10% |
Default |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 5% |
Time to potential outcome (in years) |  |  | 0.25 |  |  |  | 0.25 |

Other Investments

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized an impairment of $312 on its other investments.

8. Fixed Assets, net

The following table summarizes fixed assets:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Equipment |  | $ | 1,058 |  |  | $ | 962 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | (601 | ) |  |  | (418 | )
Total |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 544 |

9. Deferred Consideration—Gold Payments

Deferred consideration—gold payments represented an obligation the Company assumed in connection with its acquisition of the European exchange-traded commodity, currency and leveraged-and-inverse business of ETFS Capital Limited (“ETFS Capital”) which occurred on April 11, 2018. The obligation was for fixed payments to ETFS Capital of physical gold bullion equating to 9,500 ounces of gold per year through March 31, 2058 and then subsequently reduced to 6,333 ounces of gold per year continuing into perpetuity (“contractual gold payments”). ETFS Capital continued to pass through the payments to other parties to meet its payment obligations under prior royalty agreements, including to Gold Bullion Holdings (Jersey) Limited (“GBH”), a subsidiary of the World Gold Council (“WGC”), Graham Tuckwell (“GT”), and Rodber Investments Limited (“RIL”), an entity controlled by GT, who is also the Chairman of ETFS Capital.

On May 10, 2023, the Company terminated its contractual gold payments obligation for aggregate consideration totaling $136,903 pursuant to a Sale, Purchase and Assignment Deed (the “SPA Agreement”) with WisdomTree International Holdings Ltd, Electra Target HoldCo Limited, ETFS Capital, WGC, GBH, GT and RIL. Under the terms of the transaction, GBH received approximately $4,371 in cash and 13,087 shares of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company, $0.01 par value per share convertible into 13,087,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, and RIL received approximately $45,634 in cash.

The Company determined the present value of the deferred consideration—gold payments of $0 and $200,290 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 using the following assumptions:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Forward-looking gold price (low)—per ounce |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | 1,858 |
Forward-looking gold price (high)—per ounce |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | 3,126 |
Forward-looking gold price (weighted average)—per ounce |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | 2,237 |
Discount rate |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | 11.0% |
Perpetual growth rate |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | 1.3% |

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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized the following in respect of deferred
consideration—gold payments:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Contractual gold payments |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,105 |  |  | $ | 6,069 |  |  | $ | 13,001 |
Contractual gold payments—gold ounces paid |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,375 |  |  |  | 3,167 |  |  |  | 7,125 |
Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 77,895 |  |  | $ | 61,953 |  |  | $ | 63,188 |

10. Convertible Notes

On February 14, 2023, the Company issued and sold $130,000 in aggregate principal amount of 5.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2023 Notes”) pursuant to an indenture dated February 14, 2023, between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (or its successor in interest, the “Trustee”), in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Rule 144A”).

On June 14, 2021, the Company issued and sold $150,000 in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2021 Notes”) pursuant to an indenture dated June 14, 2021, between the Company and the Trustee, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A.

On June 16, 2020, the Company issued and sold $150,000 in aggregate principal amount of 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “June 2020 Notes”) pursuant to an indenture dated June 16, 2020, between the Company and the Trustee, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A. On August 13, 2020, the Company issued and sold $25,000 in aggregate principal amount of 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus interest deemed to have accrued since June 16, 2020, which constitute a further issuance of, and form a single series with, the Company’s June 2020 Notes (the “August 2020 Notes” and together with the June 2020 Notes, the “2020 Notes”).

In connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes, the Company repurchased $115,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes. As a result of this repurchase, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of approximately $9,721 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The remainder of the 2020 Notes matured on June 15, 2023 and were settled for $59,955 in cash and 1,037,288 shares of common stock, as the conversion option was in the money.

After the repurchase and maturity of the 2020 Notes and the issuance of the 2023 Notes (and together with the 2021 Notes, the “Convertible Notes”), the Company had $280,000 in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes outstanding.

Key terms of the Convertible Notes are as follows:

|  | 2023 Notes |  | 2021 Notes
Principal outstanding |  | $ | 130,000 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |
Maturity date (unless earlier converted, repurchased or redeemed) |  |  | August 15, 2028 |  |  |  | June 15, 2026 |
Interest rate |  |  | 5.75% |  |  |  | 3.25% |
Conversion price |  | $ | 9.54 |  |  | $ | 11.04 |
Conversion rate |  |  | 104.8658 |  |  |  | 90.5797 |
Redemption price |  | $ | 12.40 |  |  | $ | 14.35 |

| ● | Interest rate: Payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year for the 2023 Notes (beginning on August 15, 2023) and on June 15 and December 15 of each year for the 2021 Notes.

| ● | Conversion price: Convertible at an initial conversion rate into shares of the Company’s common stock, per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price set forth in the table above), subject to adjustment.

| ● | Conversion: Holders may convert at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 15, 2028 and March 15, 2026 for the 2023 Notes and 2021 Notes, respectively, only under the following circumstances: (i) if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for the respective Convertible Notes on each applicable trading day; (ii) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sales price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (iii) upon a notice of redemption delivered by the Company in accordance with the terms of the indentures but only with respect to the Convertible Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption; or (iv) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after May 15, 2028 and March 15, 2026 in respect of the 2023 Notes and the 2021 Notes, respectively, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

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| ● | Cash settlement of principal amount: Upon conversion, the Company will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be converted. At its election, the Company will also settle its conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted in either cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock.

| ● | Redemption price: The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after August 20, 2025 and June 20, 2023 in respect of the 2023 Notes and the 2021 Notes, respectively, and on or prior to the 55th scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price for the respective Convertible Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days, including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes.

| ● | Limited investor put rights: Holders of the Convertible Notes have the right to require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of their notes at 100% of their principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, upon the occurrence of certain change of control transactions or liquidation, dissolution or common stock delisting events.

| ● | Conversion rate increase in certain customary circumstances: In certain circumstances, conversions in connection with a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the indentures) or conversions of Convertible Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption may result in an increase to the conversion rate, provided that the conversion rate will not exceed 167.7853 shares and 144.9275 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2023 Notes and the 2021 Notes, respectively (the equivalent of 43,551,214 shares of the Company’s common stock), subject to adjustment.

| ● | Seniority and Security: The Convertible Notes rank equal in right of payment, and are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations, but are subordinated in right of payment to the Company’s obligations to make certain redemption payments (if and when due) in respect of its Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (Note 11).

The indentures contain customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, either the Trustee or the respective holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the respective series of Convertible Notes outstanding may declare the entire principal amount of all such respective Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued special interest, if any, to be immediately due and payable.

The following table provides a summary of the Convertible Notes at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | 2023 Notes |  | 2021 Notes |  | Total |  | 2021 Notes |  | 2020 Notes |  | Total
Principal amount |  | $ | 130,000 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  | $ | 280,000 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 325,000 |
Plus: Premium |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250 |  |  |  | 250 |
Gross proceeds |  |  | 130,000 |  |  |  | 150,000 |  |  |  | 280,000 |  |  |  | 150,000 |  |  |  | 175,250 |  |  |  | 325,250 |
Less: Unamortized issuance costs |  |  | (3,147 | ) |  |  | (2,339 | ) |  |  | (5,486 | ) |  |  | (2,981 | ) |  |  | (1,053 | ) |  |  | (4,034 | )
Carrying amount |  |  | 126,853 |  |  | $ | 147,661 |  |  | $ | 274,514 |  |  | $ | 147,019 |  |  | $ | 174,197 |  |  | $ | 321,216 |
Effective interest rate(1) |  |  | 6.25% |  |  |  | 3.83% |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  |  | 3.83% |  |  |  | 5.26% |  |  |  | 4.60% |

_____________________________

(1) Includes amortization of the issuance costs and premium.

Interest expense on the Convertible Notes was $3,461 and $11,484 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $3,734 and $11,199, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2022. Interest payable of $2,391 and $621 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, is included in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The fair value of the Convertible Notes (classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy) was $282,486 and $320,513 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The if-converted value of the Convertible Notes did not exceed the principal amount at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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11. Preferred Stock

Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock

On April 10, 2018, the Company filed a Certificate of Designations of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Certificate of Designations”) with the Delaware Secretary of State establishing the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications, restrictions, and limitations relating to the Series A Preferred Stock (defined below). The Series A Preferred Stock is intended to provide ETFS Capital with economic rights equivalent to the Company’s common stock on an as-converted basis. The Series A Preferred Stock has no voting rights, is not transferable and has the same priority with regard to dividends, distributions and payments as the common stock.

As described in the Series A Certificate of Designations, the Company will not issue, and ETFS Capital does not have the right to require the Company to issue, any shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, if, as a result of such conversion, ETFS Capital (together with certain attributable parties) would beneficially own more than 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock immediately after giving effect to such conversion.

In connection with the completion of the acquisition of the European exchange-traded commodity, currency and leveraged-and-inverse business of ETFS Capital (the “ETFS Acquisition”), the Company issued 14,750 shares of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), which are convertible into an aggregate of 14,750,000 shares of common stock. The fair value of this consideration was $132,750, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on April 10, 2018 of $9.00 per share, the trading day prior to the closing of the acquisition.

The following is a summary of the Series A Preferred Stock balance:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock |  | $ | 132,750 |  |  | $ | 132,750 |
Less: Issuance costs |  |  | (181 | ) |  |  | (181 | )
Series A Preferred Stock—carrying value |  | $ | 132,569 |  |  | $ | 132,569 |
Cash dividends declared per share (quarterly) |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |

Temporary equity classification is required for redeemable instruments for which redemption triggers are outside of the issuer’s control. ETFS Capital has the right to redeem all the Series A Preferred Stock specified to be converted during the period of time specified in the Series A Certificate of Designations in the event that: (a) the number of shares of the Company’s common stock authorized by its certificate of incorporation is insufficient to permit the Company to convert all of the Series A Preferred Stock requested by ETFS Capital to be converted; or (b) ETFS Capital does not, upon completion of a change of control of the Company, receive the same amount per Series A Preferred Stock as it would have received had each outstanding Series A Preferred Stock been converted into common stock immediately prior to the change of control. However, the Company will not be obligated to make any such redemption payments to the extent such payments would be a breach of any covenant or obligation the Company owes to any of its secured creditors or is otherwise prohibited by applicable law.

Any such redemption will be at a price per Series A Preferred Stock equal to the dollar volume-weighted average price for a share of common stock for the 30-trading day period ending on the date of such attempted conversion or change of control, as applicable, multiplied by 1,000. Such redemption payment will be made in one payment no later than 10 business days following the last day of the Company’s first fiscal quarter that begins on a date following the date ETFS Capital exercises such redemption right. The redemption value of the Series A Preferred Stock was $105,090 and $77,969 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The carrying amount of the Series A Preferred Stock was not adjusted as it was not probable that the Series A Preferred Stock would become redeemable.

Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock

On May 10, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Designations of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series C Certificate of Designations”) with the Delaware Secretary of State establishing the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications, restrictions, and limitations relating to the Series C Preferred Stock (defined below). The Series C Preferred Stock is intended to provide GBH with economic rights equivalent to the Company’s common stock on an as-converted basis. The Series C Preferred Stock has no voting rights, is not transferable, contains registration rights and has the same priority with regard to dividends, distributions and payments as the common stock.

As described in the Series C Certificate of Designations, the Company will not issue, and GBH does not have the right to require the Company to issue, any shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock, if, as a result of such conversion, GBH (together with certain attributable parties) would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock immediately after giving effect to such conversion. Further, as described in the Series C Certificate of Designations, the Company will not issue any shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock if the issuance would exceed the aggregate number of shares of common stock that the Company may issue without breaching its obligations under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, unless the Company obtains stockholder approval for the issuance of the Company’s common stock upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock in excess of such amount.

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Each share of Series C Preferred Stock is convertible only in connection with the sale of all or any portion of the Company’s common stock on an arms-length basis to a bona fide third-party purchaser, pursuant to (i) an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”) or (ii) an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, provided any such sale is conditioned on the terms set forth in the Investor Rights Agreement, dated May 10, 2023, between the Company and GBH.

Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, GBH is subject to restrictions on the manner in which the Conversion Shares (defined below) can be sold and has agreed not to distribute or sell any Conversion Shares to any person that would knowingly result in that person, together with such person’s affiliates and associates, owning, controlling or otherwise having any beneficial ownership interest representing in the aggregate 5% or more of the then outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. GBH has also agreed not to distribute or sell any Conversion Shares to ETFS Capital, GT or any of their affiliates, associates or any Group (as that term is used in Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and as defined in Rule 13d-5 thereunder) formed by the foregoing persons.

In accordance with the SPA Agreement, the Company issued 13,087 shares of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), which are convertible into an aggregate of 13,087,000 shares of common stock (“Conversion Shares”). The fair value of this consideration was $86,898, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on May 9, 2023 of $6.64 per share, the trading day prior to the closing of the acquisition.

GBH has no redemption rights associated with the Series C Preferred Stock and therefore the instrument has been classified as a component of stockholders’ equity, with the excess over par value of $86,801 (net of issuance costs of $97) recorded to additional paid in capital.

12. Leases

The Company has entered into operating leases for its office facilities (including its corporate headquarters) and equipment. The Company has no finance leases.

The following table provides additional information regarding the Company’s leases:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Lease cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 963 |  |  | $ | 648 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 296 |  |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | 856 |
Total lease cost |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 1,154 |  |  | $ | 1,504 |
Other information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating liabilities (operating leases) |  | $ | 301 |  |  | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | 955 |  |  | $ | 644 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)—operating leases |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Weighted-average discount rate—operating leases |  |  | 6.0% |  |  |  | 6.3% |  |  |  | 6.0% |  |  |  | 6.3% |

None of the Company’s leases include variable payments, residual value guarantees or any restrictions or covenants relating to the Company’s ability to pay dividends or incur additional financing obligations.

The following table discloses future minimum lease payments at September 30, 2023 with respect to the Company’s operating lease liabilities:

Remainder of 2023 |  | $ | 328 |
2024 |  |  | 577 |
2025 and thereafter |  |  | — |
Total future minimum lease payments (undiscounted) |  | $ | 905 |

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The following table reconciles the future minimum lease payments (disclosed above) at September 30, 2023 to the operating lease liabilities recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets:

Amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |
Lease liability—short term |  | $ | 889 |
Difference between undiscounted and discounted cash flows |  |  | 16 |
Total future minimum lease payments (undiscounted) |  | $ | 905 |

13. Contingencies

The Company may be subject to reviews, inspections and investigations by regulatory authorities as well as legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.

Closure of the WisdomTree WTI Crude Oil 3x Daily Leveraged ETP

In December 2020, WMAI, WTMAML, WTUK and WisdomTree Ireland Limited (“WT Ireland”) were served with a writ of summons to appear before the Court of Milan, Italy. In January 2021, WTUK was served with a writ of summons to appear before the Court of Udine, Italy. Investors had filed actions seeking damages resulting from the closure of the WisdomTree WTI Crude Oil 3x Daily Leveraged ETP (“3OIL”) in March 2020. The product was dependent on the receipt of payments from a swap provider to satisfy payment obligations to the investors. Due to an extreme adverse move in oil futures relative to the oil futures’ closing price, the swap contract underlying 3OIL was terminated by the swap provider, which resulted in the compulsory redemption of 3OIL, all in accordance with the prospectus.

In February 2022, the Court of Udine ruled in the Company’s favor. Also in February 2022, WMAI, WTMAML, WTUK and WT Ireland were served with another writ of summons to appear before the Court of Milan by additional investors seeking damages resulting from the closure of 3OIL.

In March 2022, WMAI and WTUK were served with a writ of summons to appear before the Court of Turin and two writs of summons to appear before the Court of Milan by additional investors seeking damages. These writs also were served on the intermediary brokers for the respective claimants, with the claimants alleging joint and several liability of WMAI, WTUK and such intermediary brokers. In July 2023, the Court of Milan ruled in favor of WMAI and WTUK in respect of one of these claims.

Total damages sought by all investors related to these claims are approximately €15,200 ($16,723) at September 30, 2023.

Additionally, in July 2023, WT Ireland received a letter from counsel on behalf of additional investors seeking damages of up to approximately €8,400 ($8,891) resulting from the closure of 3OIL. The claim is in its preliminary stages and a writ of summons has not been served.

The Company is currently assessing these claims with its external counsel. The Company expects that losses, if any, arising from these claims will be covered under its insurance policies, less a $500 deductible. An accrual has not been made with respect to these matters at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

14. Variable Interest Entities

VIEs are entities with any of the following characteristics: (i) the entity does not have enough equity to finance its activities without additional financial support; (ii) the equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; or (iii) the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights.

Consolidation of a VIE is required for the party deemed to be the primary beneficiary, if any. The primary beneficiary is the party who has both (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of any entities in which it has a variable interest as it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. Such power is conveyed through the entities’ boards of directors and the Company does not have control over the boards.

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The following table presents information about the Company’s variable interests in non-consolidated VIEs:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Carrying Amount—Assets (Securrency): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock—Securrency Series A Shares |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,488 |
Preferred stock—Securrency Series B Shares |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 5,500 |
Secured convertible note |  |  | 12,925 |  |  |  | — |
Convertible note |  |  | 16,190 |  |  |  | 14,500 |
Subtotal—Securrency |  | $ | 29,420 |  |  | $ | 28,488 |
Carrying Amount—Assets (Fnality): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible note |  |  | 7,453 |  |  |  | 6,921 |
Carrying Amount—Assets (Other investments): |  |  | — |  |  |  | 312 |
Total (Note 7) |  | $ | 36,873 |  |  | $ | 35,721 |
Maximum exposure to loss |  | $ | 36,873 |  |  | $ | 35,721 |

15. Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents the Company’s total revenues from contracts with customers:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advisory fees |  | $ | 86,598 |  |  | $ | 70,616 |  |  | $ | 246,239 |  |  | $ | 222,719 |
Other |  |  | 3,825 |  |  |  | 1,798 |  |  |  | 11,952 |  |  |  | 5,316 |
Total operating revenues |  | $ | 90,423 |  |  | $ | 72,414 |  |  | $ | 258,191 |  |  | $ | 228,035 |

The Company recognizes revenues from contracts with customers when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is when the promised services are transferred to the customer. A service is considered to be transferred when the customer obtains control, which is represented by the transfer of rights with regard to the service. Transfer of control happens either over time or at a point in time. When a performance obligation is satisfied over time, an entity is required to select a single method of measuring progress for each performance obligation that depicts the entity’s performance in transferring control of services to the customer.

Substantially all the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers are derived primarily from investment advisory agreements with related parties (Note 16). These advisory fees are recognized over time, are earned from the Company’s ETPs and are calculated based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. There is no significant judgment in calculating amounts due which are invoiced monthly in arrears and are not subject to any potential reversal. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice.

There are no contract assets or liabilities that arise in connection with the recognition of advisory fee revenues. In addition, there are no costs incurred to obtain or fulfill the contracts with customers, all of which are investment advisory agreements with related parties.

Other income includes revenues the Company earns from swap providers associated with certain of the Company’s European listed ETPs, the nature of which are either based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets or flows associated with certain products. There is no significant judgment in calculating amounts due, which are invoiced monthly or quarterly in arrears and are not subject to any potential reversal. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice.

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Geographic Distribution of Revenues

The following table presents the Company’s total revenues geographically as determined by where the respective management companies reside:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 57,988 |  |  | $ | 45,263 |  |  | $ | 160,477 |  |  | $ | 137,299 |
Jersey |  |  | 28,196 |  |  |  | 23,702 |  |  |  | 86,407 |  |  |  | 80,111 |
Ireland |  |  | 4,239 |  |  |  | 3,449 |  |  |  | 11,307 |  |  |  | 10,625 |
Total operating revenues |  | $ | 90,423 |  |  | $ | 72,414 |  |  | $ | 258,191 |  |  | $ | 228,035 |

16. Related Party Transactions

Investment Advisory Agreements

The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from investment advisory agreements with related parties. Under these agreements, the Company has licensed to related parties the use of certain of its own indexes for the U.S. WisdomTree ETFs, WisdomTree Digital Funds and WisdomTree UCITS ETFs. The Boards of Trustees and Boards of Directors (including certain officers of the Company) of the related parties are primarily responsible for overseeing the management and affairs of the entities for the benefit of their stakeholders and have contracted with the Company to provide for general management and administration services. The Company is also responsible for certain expenses of the related parties, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration and accounting, legal, audit, and other non-distribution services, excluding extraordinary expenses, taxes and certain other expenses, which are included in fund management and administration in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In exchange, the Company receives fees based on a percentage of the ETPs’ and the Digital Funds’ average daily net assets. A majority of the independent members of the respective Board of Trustees are required to initially and annually (after the first two years) approve the advisory agreements of the U.S. WisdomTree ETFs and the Digital Funds and these agreements may be terminated by such Board of Trustees upon notice.

The following table summarizes accounts receivable from related parties which are included as a component of accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Receivable from WTT |  | $ | 19,123 |  |  | $ | 16,399 |
Receivable from ManJer Issuers |  |  | 9,024 |  |  |  | 4,485 |
Receivable from WMAI and WTICAV |  |  | 4,168 |  |  |  | 3,255 |
Total |  | $ | 32,315 |  |  | $ | 24,139 |

The allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable from related parties is insignificant when applying historical loss rates, adjusted for current conditions and supportable forecasts, to the amounts outstanding in the table above. Amounts outstanding are all invoiced in arrears, are less than 30 days aged and are collected shortly after the applicable reporting period.

The following table summarizes revenues from advisory services provided to related parties:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Advisory services provided to WTT |  | $ | 57,656 |  |  | $ | 45,112 |  |  | $ | 159,595 |  |  | $ | 136,852 |
Advisory services provided to ManJer Issuers |  |  | 24,703 |  |  |  | 22,055 |  |  |  | 75,337 |  |  |  | 75,242 |
Advisory services provided to WMAI and WTICAV |  |  | 4,239 |  |  |  | 3,449 |  |  |  | 11,307 |  |  |  | 10,625 |
Total |  | $ | 86,598 |  |  | $ | 70,616 |  |  | $ | 246,239 |  |  | $ | 222,719 |

Investments in WisdomTree Products

The Company also has investments in certain WisdomTree products of approximately $54,259 and $25,283 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. This includes $12,149 and $1,765, respectively, of investments in certain consolidated affiliated Digital Funds advised by WT Digital Management, referred to herein as “other assets–seed capital.” Net unrealized and realized (losses)/gains related to trading WisdomTree products were ($591) and $250, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and ($489) and ($1,608), respectively, during the comparable periods in 2022. Such gains and losses are recorded in other gains and losses, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Deferred Consideration—Gold Payments – Termination

On May 10, 2023, the Company terminated its contractual gold payments obligation to ETFS Capital, which included the payment of $45,634 to an entity controlled by GT, a stockholder of the Company. See Note 9 for additional information.

17. Stock-Based Awards

On July 15, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2022 Equity Plan under which the Company may issue up to 16,000,000 shares of common stock (less one share for every share granted under the 2016 Equity Plan after March 31, 2022 and inclusive of shares available under the 2016 Equity Plan as of March 31, 2022) in the form of stock options and other stock-based awards.

The Company grants equity awards to employees and directors, which include restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) and stock options. Certain awards described below are subject to acceleration under certain conditions.

| Stock options: | Generally issued for terms of ten years and may vest after at least one year of service and have an exercise price equal to the Company’s stock price on the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options (when granted) using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

| RSAs/RSUs: | Awards are valued based on the Company’s stock price on grant date and generally vest ratably, on an annual basis, over three years.

| PRSUs: | These awards cliff vest three years from the grant date and contain a market condition whereby the number of PRSUs ultimately vesting is tied to how the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) compares to a peer group of other publicly traded asset managers over the three-year period. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to value these awards.

The number of PRSUs vesting ranges from 0% to 200% of the target number of PRSUs granted, as follows:

● If the relative TSR is below the 25th percentile, then 0% of the target number of PRSUs granted will vest;

● If the relative TSR is at the 25th percentile, then 50% of the target number of PRSUs granted will vest;

● If the relative TSR is above the 25th percentile, then linear scaling is applied such that the percent of the target number of PRSUs vesting is 100% at the 50th percentile and capped at 200% of the target number of PRSUs granted for performance at the 85th percentile; and

● If the Company’s TSR is negative, the target number of PRSUs vesting is capped at 100% regardless of the relative TSR percentile.

Stock-based compensation expense was $3,916 and $12,422, respectively during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $2,454 and $7,822, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2022.

A summary of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense and average remaining vesting period is as follows:

|  | September 30, 2023
|  | Unrecognized Stock-Based Compensation |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Period (Years)
Employees and directors |  | $ | 23,197 |  |  |  | 1.17 |

A summary of stock-based compensation award activity (shares) during the three months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

|  | RSA |  | RSU |  | PRSU
Balance at July 1, 2023 |  |  | 5,099,128 |  |  |  | 227,634 |  |  |  | 1,136,315 |
Granted |  |  | 11,828 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Vested |  |  | (55,320 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | (14,622 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,113 |  |  |  | 32,197 |
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  |  | 5,041,014 |  |  |  | 229,747 | (1) |  |  | 1,168,512 |

_____________________________

(1) Includes 77,774 deferred RSUs that have vested.

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18. Stockholder Rights Plan

On March 17, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a stockholder rights plan, as set forth in the Stockholder Rights Agreement, dated March 17, 2023, between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto, dated May 4, 2023 (“Amendment No. 1”), and by Amendment No. 2 thereto, dated May 10, 2023 (“Amendment No. 2”) (as amended, the “Stockholder Rights Agreement”). At the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 16, 2023, the Company’s stockholders ratified the adoption by the Board of Directors of the Stockholder Rights Agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the Stockholder Rights Agreement, the Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of (i) one Right (as defined below) for each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company’s common stock and (ii) 1,000 Rights for each outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 28, 2023 (the “Record Date”). In addition, one Right will automatically attach to each share of common stock and 1,000 Rights will automatically attach to each share of Series A Preferred Stock, in each case, issued between the Record Date and the earlier of the Distribution Date (as defined below) and the expiration date of the Rights. Each “Right” entitles the registered holder thereof to purchase from the Company a unit consisting of one ten-thousandth of a share (a “Unit”) of Series B Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) at a cash exercise price of $32.00 per Unit (the “Exercise Price”), subject to adjustment, under certain conditions specified in the Stockholder Rights Agreement and summarized below.

Initially, the Rights are not exercisable and are attached to and trade with all shares of common stock and Series A Preferred Stock outstanding as of, and issued subsequent to, the Record Date. The Rights will separate from the common stock and Series A Preferred Stock and will become exercisable upon the earlier of (i) the close of business on the tenth calendar day following the first public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (an “Acquiring Person”) has acquired beneficial ownership of 10% (or 20% in the case of a person or group which, together with all affiliates and associates of such person or group, is the beneficial owner of shares of common stock of the Company representing less than 20% of the shares of common stock of the Company then outstanding, and which is entitled to file, and files, a statement on Schedule 13G pursuant to Rule 13d-1(b) or Rule 13d-1(c) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act as in effect at the time of the first public announcement of the declaration of the Rights dividend with respect to the shares of common stock beneficially owned by such person or group) or more of the outstanding shares of common stock, other than as a result of repurchases of stock by the Company or certain inadvertent actions by a stockholder (the date of such announcement being referred to as the “Stock Acquisition Date”), or (ii) the close of business on the tenth business day (or such later day as the Board of Directors may determine) following the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer that could result upon its consummation in a person or group becoming an Acquiring Person (the earlier of such dates being herein referred to as the “Distribution Date”). A person or group who beneficially owned 10% or more (or 20% or more in the case of passive stockholders) of the Company’s outstanding common stock prior to the first public announcement by the Company of the adoption of the Stockholder Rights Agreement will not trigger the Stockholder Rights Agreement so long as they do not acquire beneficial ownership of any additional shares of common stock at a time when they still beneficially own 10% or more (or 20% or more in the case of passive stockholders) of such common stock, subject to certain exceptions as set forth in the Stockholder Rights Agreement.

For purposes of the Stockholder Rights Agreement, beneficial ownership is defined to include ownership of securities that are subject to a derivative transaction and acquired derivative securities. Swaps dealers unassociated with any control intent or intent to evade the purposes of the Stockholder Rights Agreement are excepted from such imputed beneficial ownership. Pursuant to Amendment No. 1, beneficial ownership did not include the right to vote pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to voting on the proposal to approve and ratify the Stockholder Rights Agreement presented to the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2023 annual meeting of stockholders. Pursuant to Amendment No. 2, the parties to the SPA Agreement are not deemed to be “Acquiring Persons” solely by virtue of, or as a result of, the parties’ entry into the SPA Agreement, the issuance of the Series C Preferred Stock to GBH, and the performance or consummation of any of the other transactions contemplated by the SPA Agreement, among other conditions, under the terms and conditions set forth in Amendment No. 2.

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In the event that a Stock Acquisition Date occurs, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Right (other than an Acquiring Person or its associates or affiliates, whose Rights shall become null and void) will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise, in lieu of a number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock, that number of shares of common stock of the Company (or, in certain circumstances, including if there are insufficient shares of common stock to permit the exercise in full of the Rights, Units of Series B Preferred Stock, other securities, cash or property, or any combination of the foregoing) having a market value of two times the Exercise Price of the Right (such right being referred to as the “Subscription Right”). In the event that, at any time following the Stock Acquisition Date, (i) the Company consolidates with, or merges with and into, any other person, and the Company is not the continuing or surviving corporation, (ii) any person consolidates with the Company, or merges with and into the Company and the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation of such merger and, in connection with such merger, all or part of the shares of common stock are changed into or exchanged for stock or other securities of any other person or cash or any other property, or (iii) 50% or more of the Company’s assets or earning power is sold, mortgaged or otherwise transferred, each holder of a Right (other than an Acquiring Person or its associates or affiliates, whose Rights shall become null and void) will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, common stock of the acquiring company having a market value equal to two times the Exercise Price of the Right (such right being referred to as the “Merger Right”). The holder of a Right will continue to have the Merger Right whether or not such holder has exercised the Subscription Right. Rights that are or were beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person may (under certain circumstances specified in the Stockholder Rights Agreement) become null and void.

The Rights may be redeemed in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.01 per Right (payable in cash, common stock or other consideration deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors) by the Board of Directors only until the earlier of (i) the time at which any person becomes an Acquiring Person or (ii) the expiration date of the Stockholder Rights Agreement. Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors ordering redemption of the Rights, the Rights will terminate and thereafter the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the redemption price.

The Stockholder Rights Agreement may be amended by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion at any time prior to the time at which any person becomes an Acquiring Person. After such time the Board of Directors may, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Stockholder Rights Agreement, amend the Stockholder Rights Agreement only to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, to shorten or lengthen any time period, or to make changes that do not adversely affect the interests of Rights holders (excluding the interests of an Acquiring Person or its associates or affiliates).

Until a Right is exercised, the holder will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company (beyond those as an existing stockholder), including the right to vote or to receive dividends. While the distribution of the Rights will not be taxable to stockholders or to the Company, stockholders may, depending upon the circumstances, recognize taxable income in the event that the Rights become exercisable for shares of common stock, other securities of the Company, other consideration or for common stock of an acquiring company.

The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date and will expire at the close of business on March 16, 2024, unless previously redeemed or exchanged by the Company.

The Stockholder Rights Agreement provides the holders of the common stock with the ability to exempt an offer to acquire, or engage in another business combination transaction involving, the Company that is deemed a “Qualifying Offer” (as defined in the Stockholder Rights Agreement) from the terms of the Stockholder Rights Agreement. A Qualifying Offer is, in summary, an offer determined by a majority of the independent members of the Board to have specific characteristics that are generally intended to preclude offers that are coercive, abusive or highly contingent. Among those characteristics are that it be: (i) a fully financed all-cash tender offer or an exchange offer offering shares of common stock of the offeror, or a combination thereof, for any and all of the common stock; and (ii) an offer that is otherwise in the best interests of the Company’s stockholders. The Stockholder Rights Agreement provides additional characteristics necessary for an acquisition offer to be deemed a “Qualifying Offer,” including if the consideration offered in a proposed transaction is stock of the acquiror.

Pursuant to the Stockholder Rights Agreement, if the Company receives a Qualifying Offer and the Board of Directors has not redeemed the outstanding Rights or exempted such Qualifying Offer from the terms of the Stockholder Rights Agreement or called a special meeting of stockholders (the “Special Meeting”) for the purpose of voting on whether to exempt such Qualifying Offer from the terms of the Stockholder Rights Agreement, in each case by the end of the 90 business day period following the commencement of such Qualifying Offer, provided such offer remains a Qualifying Offer during such period, the holders of 10% of the common stock may request that the Board call a Special Meeting to vote on a resolution authorizing the exemption of the Qualifying Offer from the terms of the Stockholder Rights Agreement. If such a Special Meeting is not held by the 90th business day following the receipt of such a request from stockholders to call a Special Meeting, the Qualifying Offer will be deemed exempt from the terms of the Stockholder Rights Agreement on the 10th business day thereafter.

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19. Earnings Per Share

The following tables set forth reconciliations of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the periods presented:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Basic Earnings per Share |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income |  | $ | 12,984 |  |  | $ | 81,229 |  |  | $ | 83,469 |  |  | $ | 78,973 |
Less: Income distributed to participating securities |  |  | (889 | ) |  |  | (546 | ) |  |  | (1,884 | ) |  |  | (1,644 | )
Less: Undistributed income allocable to participating securities |  |  | (1,309 | ) |  |  | (8,583 | ) |  |  | (9,619 | ) |  |  | (7,268 | )
Net income available to common stockholders—Basic EPS |  | $ | 10,786 |  |  | $ | 72,100 |  |  | $ | 71,966 |  |  | $ | 70,061 |
Weighted average common shares (in thousands) |  |  | 145,284 |  |  |  | 143,120 |  |  |  | 144,505 |  |  |  | 142,984 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Diluted Earnings per Share |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 10,786 |  |  | $ | 72,100 |  |  | $ | 71,966 |  |  | $ | 70,061 |
Add back: Undistributed income allocable to participating securities |  |  | 1,309 |  |  |  | 8,583 |  |  |  | 9,619 |  |  |  | 7,268 |
Less: Reallocation of undistributed income allocable to participating securities considered potentially dilutive |  |  | (1,286 | ) |  |  | (8,568 | ) |  |  | (9,446 | ) |  |  | (7,257 | )
Net income available to common stockholders—Diluted EPS |  | $ | 10,809 |  |  | $ | 72,115 |  |  | $ | 72,139 |  |  | $ | 70,072 |
Weighted Average Diluted Shares (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares |  |  | 145,284 |  |  |  | 143,120 |  |  |  | 144,505 |  |  |  | 142,984 |
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, excluding participating securities |  |  | 3,148 |  |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 3,067 |  |  |  | 261 |
Weighted average diluted shares, excluding participating securities (in thousands) |  |  | 148,432 |  |  |  | 143,407 |  |  |  | 147,572 |  |  |  | 143,245 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |

Diluted earnings per share presented above is calculated using the two-class method as this method results in the lowest diluted earnings per share amount for common stock. There were no antidilutive non-participating common stock equivalents for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Total antidilutive non-participating common stock equivalents were 2 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 483 and 410, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2022 (shares herein are reported in thousands).

There were 627 potential common shares associated with the conversion options embedded in the 2020 Notes included in weighted average diluted shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Potential common shares associated with the conversion option embedded in the 2021 Notes and 2023 Notes were excluded from the computation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, as the Company’s average stock price during those respective periods was lower than the conversion price.

The following table reconciles weighted average diluted shares as reported on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, which are determined pursuant to the treasury stock method, to the weighted average diluted shares used to calculate diluted earnings/(loss) per share as disclosed in the table above:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Reconciliation of Weighted Average Diluted Shares (in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Weighted average diluted shares as disclosed on the Consolidated Statements of Operations |  |  | 177,140 |  |  |  | 158,953 |  |  |  | 169,997 |  |  |  | 158,741 |
Less: Participating securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock (Note 11) |  |  | (14,750 | ) |  |  | (14,750 | ) |  |  | (14,750 | ) |  |  | (14,750 | )
Weighted average shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock (Note 11) |  |  | (13,087 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,903 | ) |  |  | — |
Potentially dilutive restricted stock awards |  |  | (871 | ) |  |  | (796 | ) |  |  | (772 | ) |  |  | (746 | )
Weighted average diluted shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share as disclosed in the table above |  |  | 148,432 |  |  |  | 143,407 |  |  |  | 147,572 |  |  |  | 143,245 |

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20. Income Taxes

Effective Income Tax Rate – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

The Company’s effective income tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 31.0%, resulting in income tax expense of $5,836. The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance on losses recognized on the Company’s investments and non-deductible executive compensation.

The Company’s effective income tax rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 11.4%, resulting in income tax expense of $10,774. The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to a non-taxable gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments, a $1,353 reduction in unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties) and a lower tax rate on foreign earnings. These items were partly offset by a non-deductible loss on extinguishment of our convertible notes, an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance on losses recognized on our investments and non-deductible executive compensation.

Effective Income Tax Rate – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

The Company’s effective income tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2022 of 3.9% resulted in income tax expense of $3,327. The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to a non-taxable gain on revaluation of deferred consideration. This was partly offset by an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance on losses recognized on financial instruments owned.

The Company’s effective income tax rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 of negative 15.7% resulted in an income tax benefit of $10,713. The effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to a $19,897 reduction in unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties), a non-taxable gain on revaluation of deferred consideration and a lower tax rate on foreign earnings. These items were partly offset by an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance on losses recognized on financial instruments owned.

Deferred Tax Assets

A summary of the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital losses |  | $ | 19,083 |  |  | $ | 17,541 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 4,447 |  |  |  | 6,030 |
Unrealized losses |  |  | 4,303 |  |  |  | 3,821 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 1,849 |  |  |  | 1,526 |
NOLs—Foreign |  |  | 1,482 |  |  |  | 1,609 |
Goodwill and intangible assets |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | 1,085 |
Interest carryforwards |  |  | 455 |  |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 435 |  |  |  | 173 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 151 |  |  |  | 313 |
NOLs—U.S. |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 255 |
Outside basis differences |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 122 |
Other |  |  | 382 |  |  |  | 341 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 33,779 |  |  |  | 32,816 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed assets and prepaid assets |  |  | 409 |  |  |  | 278 |
Unremitted earnings—European subsidiaries |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | 205 |
Right of use assets—operating leases |  |  | 151 |  |  |  | 313 |
Total deferred tax liabilities: |  |  | 763 |  |  |  | 796 |
Total deferred tax assets less deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 33,016 |  |  |  | 32,020 |
Less: Valuation allowance |  |  | (23,508 | ) |  |  | (21,484 | )
Deferred tax assets, net |  | $ | 9,508 |  |  | $ | 10,536 |

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Capital Losses – U.S.

The Company’s tax effected capital losses at September 30, 2023 were $19,083. These capital losses expire between the years 2023 and 2028.

Net Operating Losses – Europe

One of the Company’s European subsidiaries generated NOLs outside the U.S. These tax effected NOLs, all of which are carried forward indefinitely, were $1,482 at September 30, 2023.

Valuation Allowance

The Company’s valuation allowance has been established on its net capital losses, unrealized losses and outside basis differences, as it is more-likely-than-not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Income Tax Examinations

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state, local and certain foreign jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2023, with few exceptions, the Company was no longer subject to income tax examinations by any taxing authority for the years before 2018.

Undistributed Earnings of Foreign Subsidiaries

ASC 740-30 Income Taxes provides guidance that U.S. companies do not need to recognize tax effects on foreign earnings that are indefinitely reinvested. The Company repatriates earnings of its foreign subsidiaries and therefore has recognized a deferred tax liability of $203 and $205 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

21. Shares Repurchased

On February 22, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an increase of $85,709 to the Company’s share repurchase program to $100,000 and extended the term for three years through April 27, 2025. Included under the Company’s share repurchase program are purchases to offset future equity grants made under the Company’s equity plans and purchases made in open market or privately negotiated transactions. This authority may be exercised from time to time, subject to regulatory considerations. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, market conditions and other corporate liquidity requirements and priorities. The repurchase program may be suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. Shares repurchased under this program are returned to the status of authorized and unissued on the Company’s books and records.

The Company repurchased 4,566 and 635,653 shares of its common stock under this program during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 4,567 and 593,261 during the comparable periods in 2022. The aggregate cost of the shares repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $30 and $3,570, respectively, and the aggregate cost of the shares repurchased during the comparable periods in 2022 was $24 and $3,418, respectively. Shares repurchased under this program were returned to the status of authorized and unissued on the Company’s books and records.

As of September 30, 2023, $96,406 remained under this program for future purchases.

22. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The table below sets forth goodwill which is tested annually for impairment on November 30th:

|  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2023 |  | $ | 85,856 |
Changes |  |  | 985 | (1)
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 86,841 |

_____________________________

(1) On April 11, 2023, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests of Securrency Transfers, Inc. (renamed WisdomTree Transfers, Inc.) for an aggregate purchase price of $985 (net of cash acquired). The acquisition has been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, and resulted in all consideration being allocated to goodwill.

Of the total goodwill of $86,841 at September 30, 2023, $85,042 is not deductible for tax purposes as the acquisitions that gave rise to the goodwill were structured as stock acquisitions. The remainder of the goodwill is deductible for U.S. tax purposes.

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Intangible Assets

The table below sets forth the Company’s intangible assets which are tested annually for impairment on November 30th:

|  | Balance at September 30, 2023
Item |  | Gross Asset |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Asset
ETFS acquisition |  | $ | 601,247 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 601,247 |
Software development |  |  | 3,939 |  |  |  | (405 | ) |  |  | 3,534 |
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 605,186 |  |  | $ | (405 | ) |  | $ | 604,781 |

|  | Balance at December 31, 2022
Item |  | Gross Asset |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Asset
ETFS acquisition |  | $ | 601,247 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 601,247 |
Software development |  |  | 2,370 |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | 2,320 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 603,617 |  |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | 603,567 |

ETFS Acquisition (Indefinite-Lived)

In connection with the ETFS Acquisition, which was completed on April 11, 2018, the Company identified intangible assets valued at $601,247 related to the right to manage AUM through customary advisory agreements. These intangible assets were determined to have indefinite useful lives and are not deductible for tax purposes.

Software Development (Finite-Lived)

Internally-developed software is amortized over a useful life of three years. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized amortization expense on internally-developed software of $249 and $355, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023, expected amortization expense for the unamortized finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Remainder of 2023 |  | $ | 300 |
2024 |  |  | 1,265 |
2025 |  |  | 1,262 |
2026 |  |  | 656 |
2027 |  |  | 51 |
2028 and thereafter |  |  | — |
Total expected amortization expense |  | $ | 3,534 |

The weighted-average remaining useful life of the finite-lived intangible assets is 2.7 years.

23. Contingent Payments

Sale of Canadian ETF Business

On February 19, 2020, the Company completed the sale of all the outstanding shares of WisdomTree Asset Management Canada, Inc. to CI Financial Corp. The Company received CDN $3,720 (USD $2,774) in cash at closing and was paid CDN $3,000 (USD $2,360) and CDN $2,000 (USD $1,477) of additional cash consideration based upon the achievement of certain AUM growth targets as determined on the 18-month and the 36-month anniversaries of the closing date, respectively.

A gain of $0 and $1,477 was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, from remeasuring the contingent payment to its realizable value. This gain was recorded in other losses, net.

24. Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. There were no events requiring disclosure.

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| ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Report. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below. For a more complete description of the risks noted above and other risks that could cause our actual results to materially differ from our current expectations, please see Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. We assume no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by law.

Executive Summary

We are a global financial innovator, offering a well-diversified suite of ETPs, models, solutions and products leveraging blockchain-enabled technology. We empower investors and consumers to shape their future and support financial professionals to better serve their clients and grow their businesses. We are leveraging the latest financial infrastructure to create products that provide access, transparency and an enhanced user experience. Building on our heritage of innovation, we are also developing and have launched next-generation digital products, services and structures, including WisdomTree Digital Funds and tokenized assets, as well as our blockchain-native digital wallet, WisdomTree Prime™.

We have approximately $93.7 billion in AUM as of September 30, 2023. Our family of ETPs includes products that provide exposure to equities, fixed income, commodities, leveraged-and-inverse, currency, alternatives and cryptocurrency strategies. We have launched many first-to-market products and pioneered alternative weighting we call “Modern Alpha,” which combines the outperformance potential of active management with the benefits of passive management to offer investors cost-effective funds that are built to perform. Most of our equity-based funds employ a fundamentally weighted investment methodology, which weights securities based on factors such as dividends, earnings or investment factors, whereas most other industry indexes use a capitalization weighted methodology. These products are distributed through all major channels in the asset management industry, including banks, brokerage firms, registered investment advisers, institutional investors, private wealth managers and online brokers primarily through our sales force. We believe technology is altering the way financial advisors conduct business and through our Advisor Solutions program we offer technology-enabled and research-driven solutions including portfolio construction, asset allocation, practice management services and digital tools to help financial advisors address technology challenges and grow and scale their businesses.

We are at the forefront of innovation and believe that tokenization and leveraging the utility of blockchain technology is the next evolution in financial services. We are building the foundation that will allow us to lead in this coming evolution. WisdomTree Prime™, our blockchain-native digital wallet, positions us to expand our blockchain-enabled financial product and services offerings with a new direct-to-consumer channel where spending, saving and investing are united. As we continue to pursue our digital assets strategy, we are embracing a concept we refer to as “responsible DeFi,” which we believe upholds the foundational principles of regulation in this innovative and quickly evolving space. We believe that our expansion into digital assets and blockchain-enabled finance will complement our existing core competencies in a holistic manner, diversify our revenue streams and contribute to our growth.

We were incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on September 19, 1985 as Financial Data Systems, Inc., were renamed WisdomTree Investments, Inc. on September 6, 2005, and ultimately renamed WisdomTree, Inc. on November 7, 2022.

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Assets Under Management

WisdomTree ETPs

We offer ETPs covering equities, fixed income, commodities, leveraged-and-inverse, currency, alternatives and cryptocurrency. The chart below sets forth the asset mix of our ETPs at September 30, 2023, June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022:

Market Environment

Global equities posted a negative return during the third quarter of 2023 after generating strong gains in the first half of the year. Government bonds also declined in the quarter, with yields rising. Expectations that the Federal Reserve would soon be pivoting to lowering interest rates did not materialize, leading to an end to bullish sentiment and a general market selloff. The energy sector was the best performer during the quarter, attributable to a rise in oil prices.

The S&P 500, MSCI EAFE Index (local currency), MSCI EMU Index (local currency) and MSCI Emerging Markets Index (U.S. dollar) decreased by 3.3%, 1.2%, 4.3% and 2.8%, respectively, during the quarter. In addition, the Japanese equities markets appreciated with the MSCI Japan Index increasing 1.7% in local currency terms for the quarter. Gold prices decreased by 2.2%. The U.S. dollar strengthened 2.8%, 3.2% and 3.1% versus the euro, British pound and Japanese yen, respectively.

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U.S. Listed ETF Industry Flows

U.S. listed ETF industry net flows were $110.4 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023. U.S. equity and fixed income gathered the majority of those flows.

Source: Morningstar

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European Listed ETP Industry Flows

European listed ETP industry net flows were $34.0 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Equity and fixed income gathered the majority of those flows.

Source: Morningstar

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Our Operating and Financial Results

We operate as an ETP sponsor and asset manager, providing investment advisory services globally through our subsidiaries in the U.S. and Europe.

U.S. Listed ETFs

The AUM of our U.S. listed exchange traded funds, or U.S. listed ETFs, increased from $65.9 billion at June 30, 2023 to $68.0 billion at September 30, 2023 due to net inflows, partly offset by market depreciation.

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European Listed ETPs

The AUM of our European listed (including internationally cross-listed) ETPs, or European listed ETPs, decreased from $27.8 billion at June 30, 2023 to $25.7 billion at September 30, 2023, due to net outflows and market depreciation.

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Consolidated Operating Results

The following table sets forth our revenues and net income/(loss) for the most recent five quarters.

| ● | Revenues – Total revenues increased 24.9% from the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $90.4 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher average AUM.

| ● | Expenses – Total operating expenses increased 10.7% from the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $63.7 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher stock-based compensation and headcount, fund management and administration costs, professional fees, third-party distribution fees, marketing expenses and sales and business development expenses. These increases were partly offset by the termination of our deferred consideration—gold payments obligation.

| ● | Other Income/(Expenses) – Other income/(expenses) includes interest income and interest expense, gains on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration–gold payments, impairments and other losses and gains. Further information is provided herein.

| ● | Net income/(loss) – We reported net income of $13.0 million and $81.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Guidance Update for the Year Ending December 31, 2023

Compensation Expense

Our compensation expense for the year ending December 31, 2023 is currently estimated to range from $104.0 million to $110.0 million (unchanged from our guidance provided last quarter). This range considers variability in incentive compensation, with drivers including the magnitude of our flows, our share price performance in relation to our peers as well as revenue, operating income and operating margin performance. Given our performance to date, we anticipate our compensation expense to be near the high-end of our guidance range.

Discretionary Spending

Discretionary spending includes marketing, sales, professional fees, occupancy and equipment, depreciation and amortization and other expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our discretionary spending was $43.4 million. We currently estimate our discretionary spending for the year ending December 31, 2023 to be near the high-end of our guidance range of $56.0 million to $59.0 million (unchanged from our guidance range provided last quarter).

Not included in the guidance above are potential non-recurring expenses in response to an activist campaign, including $5.9 million incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Gross Margin

We define gross margin as total operating revenues less fund management and administration expenses. Gross margin percentage is calculated as gross margin divided by total operating revenues. Our gross margin was 79.6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Our gross margin guidance for the year ending December 31, 2023 is estimated to be 79% to 80% (previously 79%) which we believe should be sustainable at current AUM levels.

Contractual Gold Payments

Our contractual gold payments expense of $6.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 will be zero going forward as our obligation to make continuing contractual gold payments was terminated in May 2023.

Third-Party Distribution Fees

We currently estimate third-party distribution fees to range from $9.0 million to $10.0 million (previously $8.0 million to $9.0 million) driven largely by AUM growth we are experiencing in Latin America.

Interest Expense

Our interest expense for the year ending December 31, 2023 is currently estimated to be $15.0 million (unchanged from our guidance provided last quarter).

Interest Income

Our interest income for the year ending December 31, 2023 is currently estimated to be approximately $3.5 million to $4.0 million (previously $3.0 million) taking into consideration the magnitude of our investments and higher interest rates.

Income Tax Expense

We currently estimate that our consolidated normalized effective tax rate will be 24% (unchanged from our guidance provided last quarter) taking into consideration the current distribution of profits among our U.S. and European businesses.

This normalized effective tax rate excludes items that are non-recurring and not core to our operating business including but not limited to the impact of any revaluation on deferred consideration—gold payments previously recognized, the loss on extinguishment of convertible notes, remeasurement of contingent consideration from the sale of our former Canadian ETF business, gains and losses on financial instruments owned and investments, valuation allowances on capital losses, reductions in unrecognized tax benefits and any stock-based compensation windfalls or shortfalls.

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Key Operating Statistics

The following table presents key operating statistics that serve as indicators for the performance of our business:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | June 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
GLOBAL ETPs (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 93,666 |  |  | $ | 90,740 |  |  | $ | 74,302 |  |  | $ | 81,993 |  |  | $ | 77,479 |
Inflows |  |  | 1,983 |  |  |  | 2,327 |  |  |  | 1,747 |  |  |  | 10,651 |  |  |  | 6,918 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (1,907 | ) |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | (5,171 | ) |  |  | 1,098 |  |  |  | (13,515 | )
Fund closures |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 93,735 |  |  | $ | 93,666 |  |  | $ | 70,878 |  |  | $ | 93,735 |  |  | $ | 70,878 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 95,743 |  |  | $ | 91,578 |  |  | $ | 74,677 |  |  | $ | 91,609 |  |  | $ | 76,742 |
Average ETP advisory fee during the period |  |  | 0.36 | % |  |  | 0.36 | % |  |  | 0.38 | % |  |  | 0.36 | % |  |  | 0.39 | %
Revenue days |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 273 |  |  |  | 273 |
Number of ETPs—end of period |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 347 |  |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 347 |
U.S. LISTED ETFs (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 65,903 |  |  | $ | 61,283 |  |  | $ | 47,255 |  |  | $ | 55,973 |  |  | $ | 48,210 |
Inflows |  |  | 3,601 |  |  |  | 3,249 |  |  |  | 3,812 |  |  |  | 10,862 |  |  |  | 10,340 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (1,486 | ) |  |  | 1,371 |  |  |  | (3,024 | ) |  |  | 1,183 |  |  |  | (10,507 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 68,018 |  |  | $ | 65,903 |  |  | $ | 48,043 |  |  | $ | 68,018 |  |  | $ | 48,043 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 68,008 |  |  | $ | 62,712 |  |  | $ | 49,466 |  |  | $ | 63,383 |  |  | $ | 48,412 |
Number of ETFs – end of the period |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 78 |
EUROPEAN LISTED ETPs (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 27,763 |  |  | $ | 29,457 |  |  | $ | 27,047 |  |  | $ | 26,020 |  |  | $ | 29,269 |
Outflows |  |  | (1,618 | ) |  |  | (922 | ) |  |  | (2,065 | ) |  |  | (211 | ) |  |  | (3,422 | )
Market depreciation |  |  | (421 | ) |  |  | (772 | ) |  |  | (2,147 | ) |  |  | (85 | ) |  |  | (3,008 | )
Fund closures |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 25,717 |  |  | $ | 27,763 |  |  | $ | 22,835 |  |  | $ | 25,717 |  |  | $ | 22,835 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 27,735 |  |  | $ | 28,866 |  |  | $ | 25,211 |  |  | $ | 28,226 |  |  | $ | 28,330 |
Number of ETPs—end of period |  |  | 273 |  |  |  | 273 |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | 273 |  |  |  | 269 |
PRODUCT CATEGORIES (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 26,001 |  |  | $ | 24,534 |  |  | $ | 21,058 |  |  | $ | 24,112 |  |  | $ | 23,860 |
Inflows |  |  | 864 |  |  |  | 414 |  |  |  | 1,239 |  |  |  | 1,129 |  |  |  | 2,324 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (1,222 | ) |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | (1,345 | ) |  |  | 402 |  |  |  | (5,232 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 25,643 |  |  | $ | 26,001 |  |  | $ | 20,952 |  |  | $ | 25,643 |  |  | $ | 20,952 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 26,502 |  |  | $ | 24,732 |  |  | $ | 22,534 |  |  | $ | 25,321 |  |  | $ | 22,677 |
Fixed Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 20,204 |  |  | $ | 18,696 |  |  | $ | 9,178 |  |  | $ | 15,259 |  |  | $ | 4,321 |
Inflows |  |  | 1,675 |  |  |  | 1,472 |  |  |  | 2,628 |  |  |  | 6,663 |  |  |  | 7,923 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | (123 | ) |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | (561 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 21,797 |  |  | $ | 20,204 |  |  | $ | 11,683 |  |  | $ | 21,797 |  |  | $ | 11,683 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 20,955 |  |  | $ | 19,173 |  |  | $ | 10,065 |  |  | $ | 19,097 |  |  | $ | 7,380 |
Commodity & Currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 22,384 |  |  | $ | 24,924 |  |  | $ | 23,624 |  |  | $ | 22,097 |  |  | $ | 24,599 |
Outflows |  |  | (1,815 | ) |  |  | (1,513 | ) |  |  | (2,179 | ) |  |  | (1,325 | ) |  |  | (3,707 | )
Market depreciation |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (1,027 | ) |  |  | (1,884 | ) |  |  | (306 | ) |  |  | (1,331 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 20,466 |  |  | $ | 22,384 |  |  | $ | 19,561 |  |  | $ | 20,466 |  |  | $ | 19,561 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 22,278 |  |  | $ | 24,033 |  |  | $ | 21,625 |  |  | $ | 23,372 |  |  | $ | 24,427 |
International Developed Market Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 13,423 |  |  | $ | 11,433 |  |  | $ | 9,968 |  |  | $ | 10,195 |  |  | $ | 11,894 |
Inflows/(outflows) |  |  | 798 |  |  |  | 1,592 |  |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | 2,840 |  |  |  | 61 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (319 | ) |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | (670 | ) |  |  | 867 |  |  |  | (2,772 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 13,902 |  |  | $ | 13,423 |  |  | $ | 9,183 |  |  | $ | 13,902 |  |  | $ | 9,183 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 13,873 |  |  | $ | 12,276 |  |  | $ | 10,032 |  |  | $ | 12,343 |  |  | $ | 10,757 |

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Table of Contents

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | June 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Emerging Market Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 9,191 |  |  | $ | 8,811 |  |  | $ | 8,386 |  |  | $ | 8,116 |  |  | $ | 10,375 |
Inflows |  |  | 451 |  |  |  | 329 |  |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | 1,266 |  |  |  | 80 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | (1,005 | ) |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | (2,960 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 9,569 |  |  | $ | 9,191 |  |  | $ | 7,495 |  |  | $ | 9,569 |  |  | $ | 7,495 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 9,652 |  |  | $ | 8,998 |  |  | $ | 8,329 |  |  | $ | 9,105 |  |  | $ | 9,200 |
Leveraged & Inverse |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 1,864 |  |  | $ | 1,785 |  |  | $ | 1,618 |  |  | $ | 1,754 |  |  | $ | 1,775 |
(Outflows)/inflows |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 133 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | (140 | ) |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | (385 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 1,781 |  |  | $ | 1,864 |  |  | $ | 1,523 |  |  | $ | 1,781 |  |  | $ | 1,523 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 1,894 |  |  | $ | 1,798 |  |  | $ | 1,589 |  |  | $ | 1,816 |  |  | $ | 1,728 |
Alternatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 261 |
Inflows |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 79 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (34 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 306 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 320 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | 296 |
Cryptocurrency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 357 |
Inflows/(outflows) |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 40 |
Market (depreciation)/appreciation |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | (234 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 163 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 256 |
Closed ETPs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period assets |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 37 |
Outflows |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (15 | )
Market depreciation |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | )
Fund closures |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
End of period assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |
Average assets during the period |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 21 |
Headcount: |  |  | 299 |  |  |  | 291 |  |  |  | 274 |  |  |  | 299 |  |  |  | 274 |

Note: Previously issued statistics may be restated due to fund closures and trade adjustments

Source: WisdomTree

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Table of Contents

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Selected Operating and Financial Information

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  | Percent
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  | Change
AUM (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average AUM |  | $ | 95,743 |  |  | $ | 74,677 |  |  | $ | 21,066 |  |  |  | 28.2% |
Operating Revenues (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advisory fees |  | $ | 86,598 |  |  | $ | 70,616 |  |  | $ | 15,982 |  |  |  | 22.6% |
Other income |  |  | 3,825 |  |  |  | 1,798 |  |  |  | 2,027 |  |  |  | 112.7% |
Total operating revenues |  | $ | 90,423 |  |  | $ | 72,414 |  |  | $ | 18,009 |  |  |  | 24.9% |

Operating Revenues

Advisory fees

Advisory fee revenues increased 22.6% from $70.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $86.6 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to higher average AUM, partially offset by a lower average advisory fee. Our average advisory fee was 0.36% during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 0.38% during the comparable period in 2022.

Other income

Other income increased 112.7% from $1.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.8 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to large flows from some of our European products.

Operating Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  | Percent
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  | Change
Compensation and benefits |  | $ | 27,955 |  |  | $ | 23,714 |  |  | $ | 4,241 |  |  |  | 17.9% |
Fund management and administration |  |  | 18,023 |  |  |  | 16,285 |  |  |  | 1,738 |  |  |  | 10.7% |
Marketing and advertising |  |  | 3,833 |  |  |  | 3,145 |  |  |  | 688 |  |  |  | 21.9% |
Sales and business development |  |  | 3,383 |  |  |  | 2,724 |  |  |  | 659 |  |  |  | 24.2% |
Contractual gold payments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,105 |  |  |  | (4,105 | ) |  |  | n/a |
Professional fees |  |  | 3,719 |  |  |  | 2,367 |  |  |  | 1,352 |  |  |  | 57.1% |
Occupancy, communications and equipment |  |  | 1,203 |  |  |  | 986 |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | 22.0% |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 249 |  |  |  | 429.3% |
Third-party distribution fees |  |  | 2,694 |  |  |  | 1,833 |  |  |  | 861 |  |  |  | 47.0% |
Other |  |  | 2,601 |  |  |  | 2,324 |  |  |  | 277 |  |  |  | 11.9% |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 63,718 |  |  | $ | 57,541 |  |  | $ | 6,177 |  |  |  | 10.7% |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
As a Percent of Revenues: |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Compensation and benefits |  |  | 31.0 | % |  |  | 32.7 | %
Fund management and administration |  |  | 20.0 | % |  |  | 22.5 | %
Marketing and advertising |  |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | 4.3 | %
Sales and business development |  |  | 3.7 | % |  |  | 3.8 | %
Contractual gold payments |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 5.7 | %
Professional fees |  |  | 4.1 | % |  |  | 3.3 | %
Occupancy, communications and equipment |  |  | 1.3 | % |  |  | 1.4 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 0.3 | % |  |  | 0.1 | %
Third-party distribution fees |  |  | 3.0 | % |  |  | 2.5 | %
Other |  |  | 2.9 | % |  |  | 3.2 | %
Total operating expenses |  |  | 70.5 | % |  |  | 79.5 | %

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Table of Contents

Compensation and benefits

Compensation and benefits expense increased 17.9% from $23.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $28.0 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to higher incentive and stock-based compensation expense, as well as increased headcount. Headcount was 274 and 299 at September 30, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

Fund management and administration

Fund management and administration expense increased 10.7% from $16.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $18.0 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher average AUM, product launches and inflows. We had 78 U.S. listed ETFs and 269 European listed ETPs at September 30, 2022 compared to 80 U.S. listed ETFs and 273 European listed ETPs at September 30, 2023.

Marketing and advertising

Marketing and advertising expense increased 21.9% from $3.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.8 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher spending related to our U.S. listed products.

Sales and business development

Sales and business development expense increased 24.2% from $2.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.4 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily resulting from increases in travel and events spending, as well as higher spending on sales tools and data.

Contractual gold payments

Contractual gold payments expense decreased from $4.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $0.0 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to the termination of our deferred consideration—gold payments obligation on May 10, 2023. See Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Professional fees

Professional fees increased 57.1% from $2.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.7 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher expenses related to our digital assets initiative.

Occupancy, communications and equipment

Occupancy, communications and equipment expense was essentially unchanged from the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased 429.3% from $0.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $0.3 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to amortization of software development costs.

Third-party distribution fees

Third-party distribution fees increased 47.0% from $1.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $2.7 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to AUM growth we are experiencing in Latin America.

Other

Other expenses were essentially unchanged from the three months ended September 30, 2022.

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Table of Contents

Other Income/(Expenses)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  | Percent
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  | Change
Interest expense |  | $ | (3,461 | ) |  | $ | (3,734 | ) |  | $ | 273 |  |  |  | (7.3% | )
Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 77,895 |  |  |  | (77,895 | ) |  |  | n/a |
Interest income |  |  | 791 |  |  |  | 811 |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (2.5% | )
Impairments |  |  | (2,703 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,703 | ) |  |  | n/a |
Other losses, net |  |  | (2,512 | ) |  |  | (5,289 | ) |  |  | 2,777 |  |  |  | (52.5% | )
Total other income/(expenses), net |  | $ | (7,885 | ) |  | $ | 69,683 |  |  | $ | (77,568 | ) |  |  | (111.3% | )

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
As a Percent of Revenues: |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Interest expense |  |  | (3.8 | %) |  |  | (5.2 | %)
Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments |  |  | n/ | a |  |  | 107.6 | %
Interest income |  |  | 0.9 | % |  |  | 1.1 | %
Impairments |  |  | (3.0 | %) |  |  | 0.0 | %
Other losses, net |  |  | (2.8 | %) |  |  | (7.3 | %)
Total other income/(expenses), net |  |  | (8.7 | %) |  |  | 96.2 | %

Interest expense

Interest expense decreased 7.3% from $3.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.5 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to a lower level of debt outstanding. Our effective interest rate during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023 was 4.6% and 5.0%, respectively.

Interest income

Interest income was essentially unchanged from the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Impairments

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $2.7 million, primarily related to our investment in Securrency, Inc., as we marked our investment to its estimated realizable value in connection with Securrency entering into an agreement to be acquired by an unrelated third party.

Other losses, net

Other losses, net was $5.3 million and $2.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023, respectively. This quarter includes losses on our financial instruments of $2.0 million and other losses on our investments of $0.4 million. Gains and losses also generally arise from the sale of gold earned from management fees paid by our physically-backed gold ETPs, foreign exchange fluctuations and other miscellaneous items.

Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 31.0%, resulting in income tax expense of $5.8 million. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance on losses recognized on the Company's investments and non-deductible executive compensation.

Our effective income tax rate during the three months ended September 30, 2022 of 3.9% resulted in an income tax expense of $3.3 million. Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a non-taxable gain on revaluation of deferred consideration. This was partly offset by an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance on losses recognized on financial instruments owned.

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Table of Contents

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Selected Operating and Financial Information

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  | Percent
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  | Change
AUM (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average AUM |  | $ | 91,609 |  |  | $ | 76,742 |  |  | $ | 14,867 |  |  |  | 19.4% |
Operating Revenues (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advisory fees |  | $ | 246,239 |  |  | $ | 222,719 |  |  | $ | 23,520 |  |  |  | 10.6% |
Other income |  |  | 11,952 |  |  |  | 5,316 |  |  |  | 6,636 |  |  |  | 124.8% |
Total operating revenues |  | $ | 258,191 |  |  | $ | 228,035 |  |  | $ | 30,156 |  |  |  | 13.2% |

Operating Revenues

Advisory fees

Advisory fee revenues increased 10.6% from $222.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $246.2 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to higher average AUM, partially offset by a lower average advisory fee. Our average advisory fee was 0.39% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 0.36% during the comparable period in 2023.

Other income

Other income increased 124.8% from $5.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $12.0 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to large flows from some of our European products.

Operating Expenses

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  | Percent
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  | Change
Compensation and benefits |  | $ | 81,672 |  |  | $ | 73,066 |  |  | $ | 8,606 |  |  |  | 11.8% |
Fund management and administration |  |  | 52,903 |  |  |  | 47,855 |  |  |  | 5,048 |  |  |  | 10.5% |
Marketing and advertising |  |  | 12,305 |  |  |  | 11,062 |  |  |  | 1,243 |  |  |  | 11.2% |
Sales and business development |  |  | 9,703 |  |  |  | 8,464 |  |  |  | 1,239 |  |  |  | 14.6% |
Contractual gold payments |  |  | 6,069 |  |  |  | 13,001 |  |  |  | (6,932 | ) |  |  | (53.3% | )
Professional fees |  |  | 15,768 |  |  |  | 11,134 |  |  |  | 4,634 |  |  |  | 41.6% |
Occupancy, communications and equipment |  |  | 3,476 |  |  |  | 2,788 |  |  |  | 688 |  |  |  | 24.7% |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 537 |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 239.9% |
Third-party distribution fees |  |  | 6,828 |  |  |  | 5,863 |  |  |  | 965 |  |  |  | 16.5% |
Other |  |  | 7,473 |  |  |  | 6,278 |  |  |  | 1,195 |  |  |  | 19.0% |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 196,734 |  |  | $ | 179,669 |  |  | $ | 17,065 |  |  |  | 9.5% |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
As a Percent of Revenues: |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Compensation and benefits |  |  | 31.6 | % |  |  | 31.9 | %
Fund management and administration |  |  | 20.5 | % |  |  | 21.0 | %
Marketing and advertising |  |  | 4.8 | % |  |  | 4.9 | %
Sales and business development |  |  | 3.8 | % |  |  | 3.7 | %
Contractual gold payments |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  | 5.7 | %
Professional fees |  |  | 6.1 | % |  |  | 4.9 | %
Occupancy, communications and equipment |  |  | 1.3 | % |  |  | 1.2 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 0.1 | %
Third-party distribution fees |  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  | 2.6 | %
Other |  |  | 2.9 | % |  |  | 2.8 | %
Total operating expenses |  |  | 76.2 | % |  |  | 78.8 | %

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Compensation and benefits

Compensation and benefits expense increased 11.8% from $73.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $81.7 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher stock-based compensation and increased headcount.

Fund management and administration

Fund management and administration expense increased 10.5% from $47.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $52.9 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher average AUM.

Marketing and advertising

Marketing and advertising expense increased 11.2% from $11.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $12.3 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher spending related to our U.S. listed products.

Sales and business development

Sales and business development expense increased 14.6% from $8.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $9.7 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily resulting from increases in travel and events spending.

Contractual gold payments

Contractual gold payments expense decreased 53.3% from $13.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $6.1 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to the termination of our deferred consideration—gold payments obligation on May 10, 2023. See Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial statements for additional information.

Professional fees

Professional fees increased 41.6% from $11.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $15.8 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher expenses incurred in response to an activist campaign, as well as expenses incurred to terminate our deferred consideration—gold payments obligation and expenses related to our digital assets initiative.

Occupancy, communications and equipment

Occupancy, communications and equipment expense increased 24.7% from $2.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.5 million in the comparable period in 2023 as our New York office lease became effective in May 2022.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased 239.9% from $0.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $0.5 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to amortization of software development costs.

Third-party distribution fees

Third-party distribution fees increased 16.5% from $5.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $6.8 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to AUM growth we are experiencing in Latin America.

Other

Other expenses increased 19.0% from $6.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $7.5 million in the comparable period in 2023 primarily due to higher travel, public relations and directors expenses.

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Other Income/(Expenses)

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  | Percent
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  | Change
Interest expense |  | $ | (11,484 | ) |  | $ | (11,199 | ) |  | $ | (285 | ) |  |  | 2.5 | %
Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments |  |  | 61,953 |  |  |  | 63,188 |  |  |  | (1,235 | ) |  |  | (2.0 | %)
Interest income |  |  | 2,874 |  |  |  | 2,375 |  |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | 21.0 | %
Impairments |  |  | (7,603 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,603 | ) |  |  | n/a |
Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes |  |  | (9,721 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,721 | ) |  |  | n/a |
Other losses, net |  |  | (3,233 | ) |  |  | (34,470 | ) |  |  | 31,237 |  |  |  | (90.6 | %)
Total other income/(expenses), net |  | $ | 32,786 |  |  | $ | 19,894 |  |  | $ | 12,892 |  |  |  | 64.8 | %

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
As a Percent of Revenues: |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Interest expense |  |  | (4.4 | %) |  |  | (4.9 | %)
Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments |  |  | 24.0 | % |  |  | 27.7 | %
Interest income |  |  | 1.1 | % |  |  | 1.0 | %
Impairments |  |  | (2.9 | %) |  |  | n/a |
Loss on extinguishment of convertible note |  |  | (3.8 | %) |  |  | n/a |
Other losses, net |  |  | (1.3 | %) |  |  | (15.1 | %)
Total other income/(expenses), net |  |  | 12.7 | % |  |  | 8.7 | %

Interest expense

Interest expense was essentially unchanged from the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments

We recognized a gain on revaluation of deferred consideration—gold payments of $63.2 million and $62.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023, respectively. This obligation was terminated on May 10, 2023 for approximately $137.0 million. See Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Interest income

Interest income increased 21.0% from $2.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $2.9 million in the comparable period in 2023 due to rising interest rates, partially offset by a decrease in our financial instruments owned.

Impairments

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $7.6 million primarily related to our investment in Securrency, Inc., as we marked our investment to its estimated realizable value in connection with Securrency's announced sale to an unrelated third party.

Loss on Extinguishment of Convertible Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of convertible notes of $9.7 million arising from the repurchase of $115.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2020 Notes.

Other losses, net

Other net losses were $34.5 million and $3.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023, respectively. This period includes a non-cash charge of $1.4 million arising from the release of tax-related indemnification assets upon the expiration of the statute of limitations (an equal and offsetting benefit was recognized in income tax expense); losses on our financial instruments owned of $1.0 million and losses on our investments of $1.2 million. Gains and losses also generally arise from the sale of gold earned on management fees paid by our physically-backed gold ETPs, foreign exchange fluctuations and other miscellaneous items.

Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 11.4%, resulting in an income tax expense of $10.8 million. Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a non-taxable gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration, a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits associated with the release of the tax-related indemnification asset described above and a lower tax rate on foreign earnings. These items were partly offset by a non-deductible loss on extinguishment of our convertible notes during the first quarter of 2023, an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance on losses recognized on our investments and non-deductible executive compensation.

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Our effective income tax rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was negative 15.7%, resulting in an income tax benefit of $10.7 million. Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the reduction in unrecognized tax benefits, a non-taxable gain on revaluation of deferred consideration and a lower tax rate on foreign earnings. These items were partly offset by an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance on losses recognized on financial instruments owned.

Non-GAAP Financial Measurements

In an effort to provide additional information regarding our results as determined by GAAP, we also disclose certain non-GAAP information which we believe provides useful and meaningful information. Our management reviews these non-GAAP financial measurements when evaluating our financial performance and results of operations; therefore, we believe it is useful to provide information with respect to these non-GAAP measurements so as to share this perspective of management. Non-GAAP measurements do not have any standardized meaning, do not replace nor are superior to GAAP financial measurements and are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. These non-GAAP financial measurements should be considered in the context with our GAAP results. The non-GAAP financial measurements contained in this Report include:

Adjusted Net Income and Diluted Earnings per Share

We disclose adjusted net income and diluted earnings per share as non-GAAP financial measurements in order to report our results exclusive of items that are non-recurring or not core to our operating business. We believe presenting these non-GAAP financial measurements provides investors with a consistent way to analyze our performance. These non-GAAP financial measurements exclude the following:

| ● | Unrealized gains or losses on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments: Deferred consideration—gold payments was an obligation we assumed in connection with the ETFS Acquisition that was carried at fair value. This item represented the present value of an obligation to pay fixed ounces of gold into perpetuity and is measured using forward-looking gold prices. Changes in the forward-looking price of gold and changes in the discount rate used to compute the present value of the annual payment obligations have had a material impact on the carrying value of the deferred consideration and our reported financial results. We exclude this item when calculating our non-GAAP financial measurements as it was not core to our operating business. The item was not adjusted for income taxes as the obligation was assumed by a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours that is based in Jersey, a jurisdiction where we are subject to a zero percent tax rate. During the second quarter of 2023, we terminated this obligation for aggregate consideration totaling approximately $137.0 million.

| ● | Gains or losses on financial instruments owned: We account for our financial instruments owned as trading securities, which requires these instruments to be measured at fair value with gains and losses reported in net income. We exclude these items when calculating our non-GAAP financial measurements as the gains and losses introduce volatility in earnings and are not core to our operating business.

| ● | Tax windfalls and shortfalls upon vesting and exercise of stock-based compensation awards: GAAP requires the recognition of tax windfalls and shortfalls within income tax expense. These items arise upon the vesting and exercise of stock-based compensation awards and the magnitude is directly correlated to the number of awards vesting/exercised as well as the difference between the price of our stock on the date the award was granted and the date the award vested or was exercised. We exclude these items when calculating our non-GAAP financial measurements as they introduce volatility in earnings and are not core to our operating business.

| ● | Other items: Loss on extinguishment of our convertible notes, impairments, remeasurement of contingent consideration payable to us from the sale of our former Canadian ETF business, unrealized gains and losses recognized on our investments, changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowance, expenses incurred in response to an activist campaign and litigation expenses associated with certain provisions of our Stockholder Rights Agreement are excluded when calculating our non-GAAP financial measurements.

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|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
Adjusted Net Income and Diluted Earnings per Share: |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022
Net income, as reported |  | $ | 12,984 |  |  | $ | 81,229 |  |  | $ | 83,469 |  |  | $ | 78,973 |
Add back: Impairments, net of income taxes |  |  | 2,046 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,756 |  |  |  | — |
Add back: Losses on financial instruments owned, net of income taxes |  |  | 1,479 |  |  |  | 4,778 |  |  |  | 762 |  |  |  | 11,836 |
Add back: Increase in deferred tax asset valuation allowance on financial instruments owned and investments |  |  | 1,234 |  |  |  | 1,454 |  |  |  | 2,393 |  |  |  | 4,365 |
Add back/deduct: Unrealized loss/(gain) recognized on our investments, net of income taxes |  |  | 323 |  |  |  | (248 | ) |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | (179 | )
(Deduct)/add back: Tax (windfalls)/shortfalls upon vesting and exercise of stock-based compensation awards |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (170 | ) |  |  | (541 | )
Deduct: Gain on revaluation/termination of deferred consideration—gold payments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (77,895 | ) |  |  | (61,953 | ) |  |  | (63,188 | )
Add back: Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes, net of income taxes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,623 |  |  |  | — |
Add back: Expenses incurred in response to an activist campaign, net of income taxes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,452 |  |  |  | 3,376 |
Deduct: Remeasurement of contingent consideration—sale of former Canadian ETF business |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,477 | ) |  |  | — |
Add back: Litigation expenses associated with certain provisions of the Stockholder Rights Agreement, net of income taxes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 367 |  |  |  | — |
Adjusted net income |  | $ | 18,048 |  |  | $ | 9,322 |  |  | $ | 44,165 |  |  | $ | 34,642 |
Deduct: Income distributed to participating securities |  |  | (889 | ) |  |  | (546 | ) |  |  | (1,884 | ) |  |  | (1,644 | )
Deduct: Undistributed income allocable to participating securities |  |  | (2,128 | ) |  |  | (503 | ) |  |  | (4,033 | ) |  |  | (2,266 | )
Adjusted net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 15,031 |  |  | $ | 8,273 |  |  | $ | 38,248 |  |  | $ | 30,732 |
Weighted average diluted shares, excluding participating securities (in thousands) (See Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements) |  |  | 148,432 |  |  |  | 143,407 |  |  |  | 147,572 |  |  |  | 143,245 |
Adjusted earnings per share – diluted |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes key data regarding our liquidity, capital resources and use of capital to fund our operations:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Balance Sheet Data (in thousands): |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 89,481 |  |  | $ | 132,101 |
Financial instruments owned, at fair value |  |  | 78,950 |  |  |  | 126,239 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 35,868 |  |  |  | 30,549 |
Securities held-to-maturity |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 259 |
Total: Liquid assets |  |  | 204,536 |  |  |  | 289,148 |
Less: Total current liabilities |  |  | (75,361 | ) |  |  | (148,434 | )
Less: Other assets—seed capital (WisdomTree Digital Funds) |  |  | (12,149 | ) |  |  | (1,765 | )
Less: Regulatory capital requirements |  |  | (27,844 | ) |  |  | (25,988 | )
Total: Available liquidity |  | $ | 89,182 |  |  | $ | 112,961 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash Flow Data (in thousands): |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows |  | $ | 48,350 |  |  | $ | 43,113 |
Investing cash flows |  |  | 35,860 |  |  |  | (25,626 | )
Financing cash flows |  |  | (126,389 | ) |  |  | (17,939 | )
Foreign exchange rate effect |  |  | (441 | ) |  |  | (7,557 | )
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (42,620 | ) |  | $ | (8,009 | )

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Liquidity

We consider our available liquidity to be our liquid assets, less our current liabilities, seed capital in WisdomTree Digital Funds and regulatory capital requirements. Liquid assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, financial instruments owned, at fair value, accounts receivable and securities held-to-maturity. Our financial instruments owned, at fair value are highly liquid investments. Accounts receivable are current assets and primarily represent receivables from advisory fees we earn from our ETPs. Our current liabilities consist primarily of payments owed to vendors and third parties in the normal course of business and accrued incentive compensation for employees.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $42.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to $184.3 million used to repurchase and settle at maturity our convertible notes, $56.8 million used to purchase financial instruments owned, at fair value, $50.0 million used to settle our deferred consideration—gold payments obligation, $14.9 million used to pay dividends, $10.0 million used to purchase investments, $3.6 million used to repurchase our common stock, $3.5 million used for convertible notes issuance costs, $1.0 million used to acquire Securrency Transfers, Inc. (renamed WisdomTree Transfers, Inc.) and $0.7 million used for other activities. These decreases were partly offset by $130.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes, $102.3 million of proceeds from the sale of financial instruments owned, at fair value, $48.4 million provided by operating activities and $1.5 million from receipt of contingent consideration.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased $8.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to $41.2 million used to purchase securities owned, $11.9 million used to purchase investments, $14.5 million used to pay dividends on our common stock, $3.4 million used to repurchase our common stock, $7.6 million of foreign exchange rate losses and $0.2 million used in other activities. These decreases were partly offset by $27.7 million of proceeds from the sale of securities owned and $43.1 million of net cash provided by operating activities.

Issuance of Convertible Notes

On February 14, 2023, we issued and sold $130.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2023 Notes”) pursuant to an indenture dated February 14, 2023, between us and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Rule 144A”).

On June 14, 2021, we issued and sold $150.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2021 Notes”) pursuant to an indenture dated June 14, 2021, between us and the trustee, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A.

On June 16, 2020, we issued and sold $150.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “June 2020 Notes”) pursuant to an indenture dated June 16, 2020, between us and the trustee, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A. On August 13, 2020, we issued and sold $25.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus interest deemed to have accrued since June 16, 2020, which constitute a further issuance of, and form a single series with, our June 2020 Notes (the “August 2020 Notes” and together with the June 2020 Notes, the “2020 Notes”).

In connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes, we repurchased $115.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes. As a result of this repurchase, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of approximately $9.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The remainder of the 2020 Notes matured on June 15, 2023 and were settled for approximately $59.9 million of cash and approximately 1.0 million shares of common stock of the Company.

After the repurchase and maturity of the 2020 Notes and the issuance of the 2023 Notes (and together with the 2021 Notes, the “Convertible Notes”), we had $280.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes outstanding.

Key terms of the Convertible Notes are as follows:

|  | 2023 Notes |  |  | 2021 Notes |
Principal outstanding |  | $130.0 |  |  | $150.0 |
Maturity date (unless earlier converted, repurchased or redeemed) |  | August 15, 2028 |  |  | June 15, 2026 |
Interest rate |  | 5.75% |  |  | 3.25% |
Conversion price |  | $9.54 |  |  | $11.04 |
Conversion rate |  | 104.8658 |  |  | 90.5797 |
Redemption price |  | $12.40 |  |  | $14.35 |

| ● | Interest rate: Payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year for the 2023 Notes (beginning on August 15, 2023) and on June 15 and December 15 of each year for the 2021 Notes.

| ● | Conversion price: Convertible at an initial conversion rate into shares of our common stock, per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price set forth in the table above), subject to adjustment.

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| ● | Conversion: Holders may convert at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 15, 2028 and March 15, 2026 for the 2023 Notes and the 2021 Notes, respectively, only under the following circumstances: (i) if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for the respective Convertible Notes on each applicable trading day; (ii) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sales price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (iii) upon a notice of redemption delivered by us in accordance with the terms of the indentures but only with respect to the Convertible Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption; or (iv) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after May 15, 2028 and March 15, 2026 in respect of the 2023 Notes, and the 2021 Notes, respectively, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

| ● | Cash settlement of principal amount: Upon conversion, we will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be converted. At our election, we will also settle our conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted in either cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock.

| ● | Redemption price: We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Notes, at our option, on or after August 20, 2025 and June 20, 2023 in respect of the 2023 Notes and the 2021 Notes, respectively, and on or prior to the 55th scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price for the respective Convertible Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days, including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes.

| ● | Limited investor put rights: Holders of the Convertible Notes have the right to require us to repurchase for cash all or a portion of their notes at 100% of their principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, upon the occurrence of certain change of control transactions or liquidation, dissolution or common stock delisting events.

| ● | Conversion rate increase in certain customary circumstances: In certain circumstances, conversions in connection with a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the indentures) or conversions of Convertible Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption may result in an increase to the conversion rate, provided that the conversion rate will not exceed 167.7853 shares and 144.9275 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2023 Notes and the 2021 Notes, respectively (the equivalent of 43,551,214 shares of our common stock), subject to adjustment.

| ● | Seniority and Security: The Convertible Notes rank equal in right of payment, and are our senior unsecured obligations, but are subordinated in right of payment to our obligations to make certain redemption payments (if and when due) in respect of our Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (See Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements).

The indentures contain customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, either the trustee or the respective holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the respective series of Convertible Notes outstanding may declare the entire principal amount of all such respective Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued special interest, if any, to be immediately due and payable.

Capital Resources

Our principal source of financing is our operating cash flow. We believe that current cash flows generated by our operating activities and existing cash balances should be sufficient for us to fund our operations for the foreseeable future.

Our ability to satisfy our contractual obligations as they arise are discussed in the section titled “Contractual Obligations” below.

Use of Capital

Our business does not require us to maintain a significant cash position. However, certain of our subsidiaries are required to maintain a minimum level of regulatory capital, which at September 30, 2023 was approximately $27.8 million in the aggregate. Notwithstanding these regulatory capital requirements, we expect that our main uses of cash will be to fund the ongoing operations of our business. We also maintain a capital return program which includes a $0.03 per share quarterly cash dividend and authority to purchase our common stock through April 27, 2025, including purchases to offset future equity grants made under our equity plans and purchases made in open market or privately negotiated transactions.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased 635,653 shares of our common stock under the repurchase program for an aggregate cost of $3.6 million. Currently, approximately $96.4 million remains under this program for future purchases.

In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we paid approximately $50.0 million in cash to settle our deferred consideration—gold payments obligation (see Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information) and also paid approximately $59.9 million in cash upon the maturity of our 2020 Notes.

Contractual Obligations

Convertible Notes

We currently have $280.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes outstanding, of which $150.0 million and $130.0 million are scheduled to mature on June 15, 2026 and August 15, 2028, in respect of the 2021 Notes and the 2023 Notes, respectively, unless earlier converted, repurchased or redeemed. Conditional conversions or a requirement to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change may accelerate payment.

The Convertible Notes require cash settlement of up to the principal amount, while settlement of the conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount may be satisfied in either cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. We may settle and/or refinance these obligations when due.

See the section titled “Issuance of Convertible Notes” above for additional information.

Deferred Consideration—Gold Payments

On May 10, 2023, the Company entered into and closed on a Sale, Purchase and Assignment Deed to terminate the Company’s obligations relating to the contractual gold payments. Pursuant to that agreement, the Company paid consideration totaling $136.9 million, including an aggregate of $50.0 million in cash and the issuance of 13,087 shares of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (valued at $86.9 million), which are convertible into 13,087,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.

See Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Operating Leases

Total future minimum lease payments with respect to our operating lease liabilities were $0.9 million at September 30, 2023. Cash flows generated by our operating activities and existing cash balances should be sufficient to satisfy the future minimum lease payments.

See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet financing or other arrangements and have neither created nor are party to any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purpose of raising capital, incurring debt or operating our business.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually and at the time of a triggering event requiring re-evaluation, if one were to occur. Goodwill is considered impaired when the estimated fair value of the reporting unit that was allocated the goodwill is less than its carrying value. If the estimated fair value of such reporting unit is less than its carrying value, goodwill impairment is recognized based on that difference, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment provided that the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and management regularly reviews the operating results of that component.

Goodwill is allocated to our U.S. business and European business components. For impairment testing purposes, these components are aggregated as a single reporting unit as they fall under the same operating segment and have similar economic characteristics.

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually on November 30th. When performing our goodwill impairment test, we consider a qualitative assessment, when appropriate, and the market approach and its market capitalization when determining the fair value of the reporting unit. The results of our most recent analysis indicated no impairment based upon a quantitative assessment.

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Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired if their estimated fair value is less than their carrying value. We may rely on a qualitative assessment when performing our intangible asset impairment test. Otherwise, the impairment evaluation is performed at the lowest level of reasonably identifiable cash flows independent of other assets. The annual impairment testing date for our intangible assets is November 30th. The results of our most recent analysis performed on November 30, 2022 indicated no impairment based upon a quantitative assessment (discounted cash flow analysis) which relied upon significant unobservable inputs including projected revenue growth rates ranging from 3% to 8% (5% weighted average) and a weighted average cost of capital of 11.0%.

Investments

We account for equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value under the measurement alternative prescribed within ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, to the extent such investments are not subject to consolidation or the equity method. Under the measurement alternative, these financial instruments are carried at cost, less any impairment (assessed quarterly), plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. In addition, income is recognized when dividends are received only to the extent they are distributed from net accumulated earnings of the investee. Otherwise, such distributions are considered returns of investment and are recorded as a reduction of the cost of the investment.

Investments in debt instruments are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in other income/(expenses).

See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information.

Revenue Recognition

We earn substantially all of our revenue in the form of advisory fees from our ETPs and recognize this revenue over time, as the performance obligation is satisfied. Advisory fees are based on a percentage of the ETPs’ average daily net assets. Progress is measured using the practical expedient under the output method resulting in the recognition of revenue in the amount for which we have a right to invoice.

| ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The following information, together with information included in other parts of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, describes key aspects of our market risk.

Market Risk

Market risk to us generally represents the risk of changes in the value of our ETPs and Digital Funds that results from fluctuations in securities or commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar, and interest rates. Nearly all our revenues are derived from advisory agreements for the WisdomTree ETPs. Under these agreements, the advisory fee we receive is based on the average market value of the assets in the WisdomTree ETP portfolios we manage.

Fluctuations in the value of the ETPs are common and are generated by numerous factors such as market volatility, the global economy, inflation, changes in investor strategies and sentiment, availability of alternative investment vehicles, domestic and foreign government regulations, emerging markets developments and others. Accordingly, changes in any one or a combination of these factors may reduce the value of investment securities and, in turn, the underlying AUM on which our revenues are earned. These declines may cause investors to withdraw funds from our ETPs in favor of investments that they perceive as offering greater opportunity or lower risk, thereby compounding the impact on our revenues. We believe challenging and volatile market conditions will continue to be present in the foreseeable future.

Interest Rate Risk

We invest our corporate cash in short-term interest earning assets, primarily in federal agency debt instruments, WisdomTree fixed income ETFs, U.S. treasuries, corporate bonds, money market instruments at a commercial bank and other securities which totaled $127.4 million and $79.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2023, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized losses on these financial instruments of $1.0 million and any gains/losses recognized in the future may be material to our operating results. We do not anticipate that changes in interest rates will have a material impact on our financial condition or cash flows.

In addition, our Convertible Notes bear interest at fixed rates of 5.75% and 3.25% for the 2023 Notes and the 2021 Notes, respectively. Therefore, we have no direct financial statement risk associated with changes in interest rates. However, the fair value of the Convertible Notes changes primarily when the market price of our common stock fluctuates or interest rates change.

Exchange Rate Risk

We are subject to currency translation exposure on the results of our non-U.S. operations, primarily in the United Kingdom and Europe. Foreign currency translation risk is the risk that exchange rate gains or losses arise from translating foreign entities’ statements of earnings and balance sheets from functional currency to our reporting currency (the U.S. dollar) for consolidation purposes. The advisory fees earned on our European listed ETPs are predominantly in U.S. dollars (and also paid in gold ounces, as described below); however, expenses for corporate overhead are generally incurred in British pounds. Currently, we do not enter into derivative financial instruments aimed at offsetting certain exposures in the statement of operations or the balance sheet but may seek to do so in the future.

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Exchange rate risk associated with the euro is not considered to be significant.

Commodity and Cryptocurrency Price Risk

Fluctuations in the prices of commodities and cryptocurrencies that are linked to certain of our ETPs could have a material adverse effect on our AUM and revenues. In addition, a portion of the advisory fee revenues we receive on our ETPs backed by gold, other precious metals and cryptocurrencies are paid in the underlying metal or cryptocurrency. While we readily sell the gold, precious metals and cryptocurrencies that we earn under these advisory contracts, we still may maintain a position. We currently do not enter into arrangements to hedge against fluctuations in the price of these commodities and cryptocurrencies and any hedging we may undertake in the future may not be cost-effective or sufficient to hedge against this exposure.

| ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of September 30, 2023, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules, regulations and forms of the SEC, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated by and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

| ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We may be subject to reviews, inspections and investigations by federal regulators including, but not limited to, the SEC, Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), National Futures Association (NFA), Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), state and foreign regulators, as well as legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. See Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding claims brought by investors in our WisdomTree WTI Crude Oil 3x Daily Leveraged ETP totaling approximately €15.2 million ($16.7 million).

| ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the information set forth in Part 1, Item1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

| ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Recent sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

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Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” of shares of our common stock.

|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in thousands)
July 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
August 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
September 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023 |  |  | 4,566 |  |  | $ | 6.61 |  |  |  | 4,566 |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  | 4,566 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 4,566 |  |  | $ | 96,406 |

On February 22, 2022, our Board of Directors approved an increase of $85.7 million to our share repurchase program and extended the term for three years through April 27, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased 635,653 shares of our common stock under this program for an aggregate cost of approximately $3.6 million. As of September 30, 2023, $96.4 million remained under this program for future repurchases.

| ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

| ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

| ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

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| ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2011)
3.2 |  | Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Name Change) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 7, 2022)
3.3 |  | Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Declassification of Board of Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 20, 2022)
3.4 |  | Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Increase in Authorized Shares) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 20, 2022)
3.5 |  | Certificate of Designations of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 13, 2018)
3.6 |  | Certificate of Designations of Series B Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on March 20, 2023)
3.7 |  | Certificate of Designations of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023)
3.8 |  | Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 7, 2022)
4.1 |  | Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2011)
4.2 |  | Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement among the Registrant and certain investors dated December 21, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2011)
4.3 |  | Securities Purchase Agreement among the Registrant and certain investors dated December 21, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2011)
4.4 |  | Securities Purchase Agreement among the Registrant and certain investors dated October 15, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2011)
4.5 |  | Third Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated October 15, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2011)
4.6 |  | Investor Rights Agreement, dated April 11, 2018, between the Registrant and ETFS Capital (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 13, 2018)
4.7 |  | Indenture, dated as of June 16, 2020, by and between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 17, 2020)
4.8 |  | Form of Global Note, representing the Registrant’s 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (included as Exhibit A to the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 17, 2020)
4.9 |  | Indenture, dated as of June 14, 2021, by and between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2021)
4.10 |  | Form of Global Note, representing the Registrant’s 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 14, 2021)
4.11 |  | Indenture, dated as of February 14, 2023, by and between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023)
4.12 |  | Form of Global Note, representing the Registrant’s 5.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023)

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Exhibit Number |  | Description
4.13 |  | Stockholder Rights Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2023, between the Registrant and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on March 20, 2023)
4.14 |  | Amendment No. 1, dated as of May 4, 2023, to Stockholder Rights Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2023, between the Registrant and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 5, 2023)
4.15 |  | Amendment No. 2, dated as of May 10, 2023, to Stockholder Rights Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2023, between the Registrant and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023)
4.16 |  | Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2023, by and between the Registrant and Gold Bullion Holdings (Jersey) Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023)
10.1 |  | Sale, Purchase and Assignment Deed, dated as of May 10, 2023, by and between the Registrant, WisdomTree International Holdings Ltd, Electra Target HoldCo Limited, ETFS Capital Limited, World Gold Council, Gold Bullion Holdings (Jersey) Limited, Rodber Investments Limited and Graham Tuckwell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023)
10.2 |  | Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Alexis Marinof, dated April 21, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 9, 2023)
10.3 |  | Form of Amendment, dated April 21, 2023, to Employment Agreements between the Registrant and each of Jonathan Steinberg, Peter M. Ziemba, R. Jarrett Lilien and Marci Frankenthaler (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 9, 2023)
10.4 |  | WisdomTree, Inc. Executive Severance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 9, 2023)
10.5 |  | Form of Employee Confidentiality, Assignment and Restrictive Covenant Agreement executed by participants of the WisdomTree, Inc. Executive Severance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 9, 2023)
31.1(1) |  | Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification
31.2(1) |  | Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification
32.1(2) |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101(1) |  | Financial Statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the three months ended September 30, 2023, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2022; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 (Unaudited); (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 (Unaudited); (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 (Unaudited); and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, as blocks of text and in detail.
101.SCH(1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL(1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF(1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB(1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE(1) |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104(1) |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*)

__________________________________________________________

| (1) | Filed herewith.

| (2) | Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized on this 8th day of November 2023.

| WISDOMTREE, INC.
| By: | /s/ Jonathan Steinberg
|  | Jonathan Steinberg
|  | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
| WISDOMTREE, INC.
| By: | /s/ Bryan Edmiston
|  | Bryan Edmiston
|  | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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