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Financial Instruments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments The following is a summary of our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
September 30, 2023 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 22,548 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,548 |
Certificates of deposit |  | 2,059 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,059 |
Total assets |  | $ | 24,607 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,607 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (62,300) |  |  | (62,300) |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (62,300) |  |  | $ | (62,300) |
December 31, 2022 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 10,098 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,098 |
Total assets |  | $ | 10,098 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,098 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40,400) |  |  | (40,400) |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (40,400) |  |  | $ | (40,400) |
We used prices quoted from our investment advisors to determine the Level 1 valuation of our investments in money market funds and certificates of deposit. The estimated market value of all cash equivalents is equal to cost basis as there were no gross realized gains or losses on cash equivalents for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. On September 2, 2020 we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Ascyrus Medical LLC (“Ascyrus”). Ascyrus developed the AMDS, the world’s first aortic arch remodeling device for use in the treatment of acute Type A aortic dissections. As part of the acquisition, we may be required to pay additional consideration in cash of up to $100.0 million to the former shareholders of Ascyrus upon the achievement of certain milestones and the sales-based additional earn-out. The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value of future potential payments. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability was estimated by discounting to present value the contingent payments expected to be made based on a probability-weighted scenario approach. We applied a discount rate based on our unsecured credit spread and the term commensurate risk-free rate to the additional consideration to be paid, and then applied a risk-based estimate of the probability of achieving each scenario to calculate the fair value of the contingent consideration. This fair value measurement was based on unobservable inputs, including management estimates and assumptions about the future achievement of milestones and future estimate of revenues, and is, therefore, classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. We used a discount rate of approximately 7% and estimated future achievement of milestone dates between 2025 and 2026 to calculate the fair value of contingent consideration as of September 30, 2023. We will remeasure this liability at each reporting date and will record changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration in General, administrative, and marketing expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability can result from changes in passage of time, discount rates, the timing and amount of our revenue estimates, and the timing and expectation of regulatory approvals. We performed an assessment of the fair value of the contingent consideration and recorded an expense of $6.2 million and $21.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and an expense of $400,000 and income of $4.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, in General, administrative, and marketing expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, as a result of this assessment. The fair value of the contingent consideration component of the Ascyrus acquisition was updated using Level 3 inputs. Changes in fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities are listed in the tables below (in thousands):
| Contingent Consideration
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | (40,400) |
Change in valuation | (21,900) |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | $ | (62,300) |
The determination of fair value and the assessment of a measurement’s placement within the hierarchy requires judgment. Level 3 valuations often involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity. Although we believe that the recorded fair values of our financial instruments are appropriate, these fair values may not be reflective of future fair values.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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