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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full year to be applied to the interim period, taking into account year-to-date amounts and projected results for the full year. Our effective tax rate could fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter based on recurring and nonrecurring factors including, but not limited to: variations in the estimated and actual level of pre-tax income or loss by jurisdiction; changes in enacted tax laws and regulations, and interpretations thereof, including with respect to tax credits and state and local income taxes; developments in tax audits and other matters; recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies from stock-based compensation and certain nondeductible expenses. Changes in judgment from the evaluation of new information resulting in the recognition, derecognition, or remeasurement of a tax position taken in a prior annual period are recognized separately in the quarter of the change.
We recorded a benefit from income taxes of $0.5 million and provision for income taxes of $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and provision for income taxes of $2.5 million and benefit from income taxes of $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was 3.3% and (5.5)%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the effective tax rate was (6.1)% and 1.9%, respectively. The difference from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the recognition of significant non-deductible stock-based compensation and other discrete adjustments.
Gross unrecognized tax benefits were $8.2 million and $7.9 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The gross unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized by us, will result in a reduction of approximately $8.2 million, excluding interest and penalties, to the provision for income taxes thereby favorably impacting our effective tax rate. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. For the periods presented, interest and penalties related to income tax positions were not material to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
We are subject to taxation and file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions. The federal income tax return for the years 2018 through 2021 and state income tax returns for the tax years 2008 through 2021 remain open to examination. We are under examination in two states which are not expected to have an impact on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.