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Stock Options, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Stock Options, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units [Abstract] |
Stock Options, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units | 8. Stock Options, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units On May 5, 2015, the Company’s shareholders approved the Strayer Education, Inc. 2015 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2015 Plan”), which provides for the granting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options intended to qualify as incentive stock options, options that do not qualify as incentive stock options, and other forms of equity compensation and performance-based awards to employees, officers, and directors of the Company, or to a consultant or advisor to the Company, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Vesting provisions are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Options may be granted at option prices based at or above the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant. The maximum term of the awards granted under the 2015 Plan is ten years. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan is 500,000 authorized but unissued shares, plus the number of shares available for grant under the Company’s previously existing equity compensation plans at the time of stockholder approval of the 2015 Plan, plus the number of shares which may in the future become available under any previously existing equity compensation plan due to forfeitures of outstanding awards. In February 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved grants of 67,599 shares of restricted stock to certain employees. These shares, which vest over a four-year period, were granted pursuant to the 2015 Plan. The Company’s stock price closed at $81.66 on the date of these grants. In May 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved grants of 7,541 shares of restricted stock. These shares, which vest annually over a three-year period, were awarded to non-employee members of the Company’s Board of Directors, as part of the Company’s annual director compensation program and the 2015 Plan. The Company’s stock price closed at $86.83 on the date of these grants. Dividends paid on unvested restricted stock are reimbursed to the Company if the recipient forfeits his or her shares as a result of termination of employment prior to vesting in the award, other than as a result of the recipient’s death, disability, or certain qualifying terminations in connection with a change in control of the Company, unless waived by the Company. Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units The table below sets forth the restricted stock and restricted stock units activity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017:
|  | Number of shares or unit |  | Weighted- average Grant price |
Balance, December 31, 2014 |  | 524,216 |  | $ | 115.67 |
Grants |  | 126,655 |  |  | 61.00 |
Vested shares |  | (13,725) |  |  | 52.94 |
Forfeitures |  | (2,819) |  |  | 115.55 |
Balance, December 31, 2015 |  | 634,327 |  | $ | 104.66 |
Grants |  | 188,737 |  |  | 50.63 |
Vested shares |  | (23,539) |  |  | 50.43 |
Forfeitures |  | (72,425) |  |  | 62.41 |
Balance, December 31, 2016 |  | 727,100 |  | $ | 97.53 |
Grants |  | 75,140 |  |  | 82.18 |
Vested shares |  | (84,908) |  |  | 66.60 |
Forfeitures |  | (1,204) |  |  | 62.28 |
Balance, December 31, 2017 |  | 716,128 |  | $ | 99.65 |
Stock Options The table below sets forth the stock option activity and other stock option information for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017:
|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | average |  |  |
|  |  |  | Weighted- |  | remaining |  | Aggregate |
|  | Number of |  | average |  | contractual |  | intrinsic value(1) |
|  | shares |  | exercise price |  | life (years) |  | (in thousands) |
Balance, December 31, 2014 |  | 100,000 |  | $ | 51.95 |  | 6.0 |  | $ | 2,233 |
Grants |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercises |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeitures |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2015 |  | 100,000 |  | $ | 51.95 |  | 5.1 |  | $ | 817 |
Grants |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercises |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeitures |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2016 |  | 100,000 |  | $ | 51.95 |  | 4.1 |  | $ | 2,868 |
Grants |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercises |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeitures/Expirations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2017 |  | 100,000 |  | $ | 51.95 |  | 3.1 |  | $ | 3,763 |
Exercisable, December 31, 2017 |  | 100,000 |  | $ | 51.95 |  | 3.1 |  | $ | 3,763 |
| (1) |  | The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the respective trading day and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holder had all options been exercised on the respective trading day. The amount of intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock.
The number of shares exercisable as of December 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017 are as follows:
|  | Number of |  | Weighted-average |
|  | Shares |  | exercise price |
Exercisable, December 31, 2015 |  | 100,000 |  | $ | 51.95 |
Exercisable, December 31, 2016 |  | 100,000 |  | $ | 51.95 |
Exercisable, December 31, 2017 |  | 100,000 |  | $ | 51.95 |
Valuation and Expense Information under Stock Compensation Topic ASC 718 At December 31, 2017, total stock-based compensation cost which has not yet been recognized was $17.9 million for unvested restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock option awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over the next 21 months on a weighted-average basis. Awards of approximately 561,000 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units are subject to performance conditions. The accrual for stock-based compensation for performance awards is based on the Company’s estimates that such performance criteria are probable of being achieved over the respective vesting periods. Such a determination involves judgment surrounding the Company’s ability to maintain regulatory compliance. If the performance targets are not reached during the respective vesting period, or it is determined it is more likely than not that the performance criteria will not be achieved, related compensation expense is adjusted. The following table sets forth the amount of stock-based compensation expense recorded in each of the expense line items for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017 (in thousands):
|  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |
Instruction and educational support |  | $ | 2,134 |  | $ | 1,432 |  | $ | 1,943 |
Marketing |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Admissions advisory |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
General and administration |  |  | 8,079 |  |  | 9,335 |  |  | 9,684 |
Stock-based compensation expense included in operating expense |  |  | 10,213 |  |  | 10,767 |  |  | 11,627 |
Tax benefit |  |  | 4,032 |  |  | 4,256 |  |  | 4,593 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax |  | $ | 6,181 |  | $ | 6,511 |  | $ | 7,034 |
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized a tax shortfall related to share-based payment arrangements of approximately $0.1 million, which was recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized a tax windfall related to share-based payment arrangements of approximately $0.6 million, which was recorded as an adjustment to the provision for income taxes following the adoption of ASU 2016-09. No stock options were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2017. The following table summarizes information regarding share-based payment arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017 (in thousands):
|  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |
Proceeds from stock options exercised |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Tax (shortfall) windfall related to share-based payment arrangements |  | $ | (24) |  | $ | (51) |  | $ | 562 |
Intrinsic value of stock options exercised |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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