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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Schedule of income tax provision

The income tax provision (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 is summarized below (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

2016

    

2017

    

2018

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

26,015

 

$

21,156

 

$

9,069

 

State

 

 

4,869

 

 

4,477

 

 

3,785

 

Total current

 

 

30,884

 

 

25,633

 

 

12,854

 

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in federal tax rate due to the 2017 Act

 

 

 —

 

 

11,375

 

 

 —

 

Federal

 

 

(7,748)

 

 

(3,193)

 

 

(13,381)

 

State

 

 

(646)

 

 

(1,781)

 

 

(2,941)

 

Total deferred

 

 

(8,394)

 

 

6,401

 

 

(16,322)

 

Total provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

$

22,490

 

$

32,034

 

$

(3,468)

 

 

Schedule of tax effects of principal temporary differences that give rise to net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

The tax effects of the principal temporary differences that give rise to the Company’s net deferred tax asset (liability) are as follows as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

2017

    

2018

 

Stock-based compensation

 

$

15,024

 

$

19,834

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

 

3,250

 

 

7,943

 

Contract liabilities

 

 

5,445

 

 

6,107

 

Capital loss carryforward

 

 

 —

 

 

4,174

 

Other

 

 

1,217

 

 

3,650

 

Other facility-related costs

 

 

2,622

 

 

2,080

 

Deferred leasing costs

 

 

1,789

 

 

1,673

 

Intangible assets

 

 

(1,196)

 

 

(82,022)

 

Property and equipment

 

 

(3,326)

 

 

(18,441)

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

 —

 

 

(4,356)

 

Prepaid compensation

 

 

(373)

 

 

 —

 

Net deferred tax asset (liability)

 

$

24,452

 

$

(59,358)

 

 

Summary of changes in unrecognized tax benefits

The following table summarizes changes in unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the respective periods (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

    

2017

    

2018

 

Beginning unrecognized tax benefits

 

$

176

 

$

 —

 

Additions from merger

 

 

 —

 

 

687

 

Reductions for tax positions taken in prior years

 

 

(176)

 

 

(63)

 

Ending unrecognized tax benefits

 

$

 —

 

$

624

 

 

Schedule of reconciliation between statutory tax rate and effective tax rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

2016

    

 

2017

    

 

2018

 

 

Statutory federal rate

 

35.0

%

 

35.0

%

 

21.0

%

 

State income taxes, net of federal benefits

 

4.5

 

 

4.2

 

 

(1.4)

 

 

Adjustment to deferred tax assets as a result of the 2017 Act

 

 —

 

 

21.8

 

 

 —

 

 

Transaction costs

 

 —

 

 

5.2

 

 

(6.2)

 

 

Adjustments to contingent consideration

 

(0.3)

 

 

(5.0)

 

 

 —

 

 

Excess tax benefit on share-based compensation

 

 —

 

 

 —

 

 

15.5

 

 

Impairment of intangible assets

 

 —

 

 

 —

 

 

(15.3)

 

 

Acceleration of deductions due to change in tax law

 

 —

 

 

 —

 

 

6.4

 

 

Other

 

0.1

 

 

(0.4)

 

 

(1.9)

 

 

Effective tax rate

 

39.3

%

 

60.8

%

 

18.1

%