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Equity Awards
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Equity Awards Equity Awards
The following table sets forth the amount of stock-based compensation expense recorded in each of the expense line items for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021 (in thousands):
For the three months ended September 30,For the nine months ended September 30,
2020202120202021
Instructional and support costs$1,390 $1,365 $3,776 $3,871 
General and administration2,485 3,503 6,983 9,546 
Restructuring costs— (222)— (703)
Stock-based compensation expense included in operating expense3,875 4,646 10,759 12,714 
Tax benefit997 1,228 2,767 3,359 
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax$2,878 $3,418 $7,992 $9,355 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021, the Company recognized a $2.8 million windfall tax benefit and a $26,000 tax shortfall, respectively, related to share-based payment arrangements, which was recorded as an adjustment to the provision for income taxes.