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Business Combinations | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract] |
Business Combinations | Business Combinations Acquisition of Torrens University and associated assets in Australia and New Zealand On November 3, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of Torrens University and associated assets in Australia and New Zealand pursuant to the sale and purchase agreement dated July 29, 2020. The acquired operations include Torrens University Australia, Think Education, and Media Design School, which together provide diversified student curricula to approximately 19,000 students across five industry verticals, including business, hospitality, health, education, creative technology and design. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the aggregate consideration paid was approximately $658.4 million in cash, which reflected the original agreed upon purchase price of $642.7 million, plus a $15.7 million adjustment reflecting $11.0 million of net cash at close, and $4.7 million related to higher net working capital. The Company applied the acquisition method of accounting to ANZ, whereby the excess of the acquisition date fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of identifiable net assets was allocated to goodwill. Goodwill reflects workforce and synergies expected from cost savings, operations, and revenue enhancements of the combined company that are expected to result from the acquisition. The goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition was allocated to the Australia/New Zealand reportable segment in the amount of $546.3 million, and is not deductible for tax purposes. The Company incurred $8.1 million of acquisition-related costs related to this acquisition. These costs were primarily attributable to legal, financial, and accounting support services incurred by the Company in connection with the acquisition, and are included in Merger and integration costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company finalized the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In 2021, the Company recorded a measurement period adjustment that reduced Property and equipment, net by $0.3 million and increased goodwill by $0.3 million. This measurement period adjustment is reflected in the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the table below. The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as well as a reconciliation to consideration transferred is presented in the table below (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 16,082 |
Tuition receivable | 24,447 |
Other current assets | 17,713 |
Property and equipment, net | 41,508 |
Right-of-use lease assets | 44,229 |
Intangible assets | 103,161 |
Goodwill | 546,315 |
Other assets | 2,799 |
Total assets acquired | 796,254 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (33,876) |
Income taxes payable | (229) |
Contract liabilities | (33,309) |
Lease liabilities | (9,685) |
Deferred income taxes | (18,712) |
Lease liabilities, non-current | (34,544) |
Other long-term liabilities | (7,520) |
Total liabilities assumed | (137,875) |
Total consideration | $ | 658,379 |
The table below presents a summary of intangible assets acquired (in thousands) and the weighted average useful lives of these assets:
| Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Useful Life in Years
Trade names | $ | 68,774 |  |  | Indefinite
Student relationships | 34,387 |  |  | 3
| $ | 103,161 |  |  |
The Company determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on assumptions that reasonable market participants would use while employing the concept of highest and best use of the assets and liabilities. The Company utilized the following assumptions, some of which include significant unobservable inputs which would qualify the valuations as Level 3 measurements, and valuation methodologies to determine fair value: •Intangible assets ▪Trade names - to determine the fair value of the trade names, the Company used the relief from royalty approach, which involved the use of estimates and assumptions with respect to the timing and amounts of future cash flows, revenue growth rates, royalty rate, and discount rate. Key assumptions used in the valuation included revenue growth rates ranging from 2.5% to 6.3% per year, a royalty rate of 2.5% and a discount rate of 11%. ▪Student relationships - to determine the fair value of the student relationships, the Company used the excess earnings method, which involved the use of estimates and assumptions with respect to the timing and amounts of future cash flows, earnings before interest and taxes margins, annual attrition rate, and discount rate. Key assumptions used in the valuation included an annual attrition rate of 60% and a discount rate of 11%. •Property and equipment - Included in property and equipment is course content of $10.0 million. To determine the fair value of course content, the Company used the relief from royalty approach, which involved the use of estimates and assumptions with respect to the timing and amounts of future cash flows, revenue growth rates, royalty rate, and discount rate. Key assumptions used in the valuation included revenue growth rates ranging from 5.6% to 6.2%, a royalty rate of 3% and a discount rate of 11%. The course content will be amortized over 3 years. All other property and equipment was valued at estimated cost. •Contract liabilities - The Company estimated the fair value of contract liabilities using the cost build-up method, which represents the cost to deliver the services plus a normal profit margin. Based on this method, fair value of contract liabilities were estimated to be 70% of carrying value as of the acquisition date. •Other current and noncurrent assets and liabilities - The carrying value of all other assets and liabilities approximated fair value at the time of acquisition. The operations of ANZ were included in the consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date. The revenue and net loss for ANZ reported within the consolidated statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $23.4 million and $10.5 million, respectively. Pro Forma Financial information The following unaudited pro forma information has been presented as if the ANZ acquisition occurred on January 1, 2019. The information is based on the historical results of operations of the acquired business, adjusted for: •The allocation of purchase price and related adjustments, including the adjustments to amortization expense related to the fair value of intangible assets acquired; •The exclusion of acquisition-related costs incurred during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020; •Associated tax-related impacts of adjustments; and •Changes to align accounting policies. The pro forma results do not necessarily represent what would have occurred if the acquisition had actually taken place on January 1, 2019, nor do they represent the results that may occur in the future. The pro forma adjustments are based on available information and upon assumptions the Company believes are reasonable to reflect the impact of this acquisition on the Company’s historical financial information on a supplemental pro forma basis. The following table presents the Company's pro forma combined revenues and net income (in thousands). Pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2021 are not presented below because the results of ANZ are included in the Company's December 31, 2021 consolidated statement of income.
| Pro Forma Combined
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2020
Revenue | $ | 1,188,269 |  |  | $ | 1,244,440 |
Net Income | 69,446 |  |  | 105,431 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable). + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2303972 + Details
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