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Fair Value Measurement | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value Measurement Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of the following as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
| September 30, 2023 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 78,308 |  |  | $ | 78,308 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. treasury bills | 14,915 |  |  | 14,915 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax-exempt municipal securities | 11,392 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,392 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | 3,082 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,082 |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 107,697 |  |  | $ | 93,223 |  |  | $ | 14,474 |  |  | $ | — |
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of the following as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
| December 31, 2022 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax-exempt municipal securities | 15,347 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,347 |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | 6,932 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,932 |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 22,496 |  |  | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 22,279 |  |  | $ | — |
The Company measures the above items on a recurring basis at fair value as follows: •Money market funds and U.S. treasury bills – Classified in Level 1 is excess cash the Company holds in money market funds and U.S. treasury bills, which are included in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company records any net unrealized gains and losses for changes in fair value as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and held-to-maturity securities held at December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2023 approximate fair value and are not disclosed in the above tables because of the short-term nature of the financial instruments. •Available-for-sale securities – Classified in Level 2 and valued using readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments utilizing observable inputs from active markets. The Company does not hold securities in inactive markets. The Company did not change its valuation techniques associated with recurring fair value measurements from prior periods and did not transfer assets or liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023. The Company acquired certain assets and entered into deferred payment arrangements with the sellers in transactions that occurred in 2011. The deferred payments were classified within Level 3 as there was no liquid market for similarly priced instruments and were valued using discounted cash flow models that encompassed significant unobservable inputs. The assumptions used to prepare the discounted cash flows included estimates for interest rates, enrollment growth, retention rates, and pricing strategies. The final payment related to the deferred payment arrangements was made in the first quarter of 2022. Changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):
| As of September 30, 2022
Balance as of the beginning of period | $ | 658 |
Amounts paid | (658) |
Other adjustments to fair value | — |
Balance at end of period | $ | — |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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