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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 is summarized below (in thousands):
 202220232024
Current:   
Federal$13,825 $20,071 $25,896 
State5,650 6,228 8,844 
Foreign12,063 10,962 14,295 
Total current31,538 37,261 49,035 
Deferred:
Federal(1,978)(2,437)(843)
State(1,668)(100)838 
Foreign(4,993)(3,789)(282)
Total deferred(8,639)(6,326)(287)
Total provision for income taxes$22,899 $30,935 $48,748 
The U.S. and foreign components of income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 are summarized below (in thousands):
 202220232024
United States$46,646 $76,893 $118,785 
Foreign22,923 23,833 42,647 
Total income before income taxes$69,569 $100,726 $161,432 
The Company is making an assertion that all earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries are permanently reinvested in non-U.S. business or are distributable to the United States without material tax implications. As such, income taxes have not been accrued in the United States with respect to foreign subsidiary earnings. The Company intends to continue to reinvest the earnings outside of the United States for which there would be a material tax implication to distributing, such as withholding tax, for the foreseeable future and, as a result, have not recognized additional tax expense on these earnings.
The tax effects of the principal temporary differences that give rise to the Company’s net deferred tax liability are as follows as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 (in thousands):
 20232024
Lease liabilities$19,521 $15,182 
Allowance for credit losses13,056 12,465 
Stock-based compensation8,816 9,758 
Contract liabilities9,669 8,972 
Other4,715 4,189 
Loss carryforward2,976 3,088 
Other facility-related costs1,109 1,033 
Intangible assets(70,135)(69,712)
Right-of-use lease assets(10,522)(9,397)
Valuation allowance(2,653)(2,991)
Property and equipment(4,890)(173)
Net deferred tax liability$(28,338)$(27,586)
As of December 31, 2024, Loss carryforward consists of net operating losses related to the states where the Company does not file a consolidated return. The company has state net operating loss carryforwards of $36.1 million which will expire from 2027 through 2045 and $32.6 million which have an indefinite carryover period. The change in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 was $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and is primarily related to net operating loss carryforwards in states where the Company does not file a consolidated tax return. The Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax asset for the net operating loss carryforwards would not be realized due to negative evidence outweighing the positive evidence regarding the realization of the deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to evaluate its ability to realize its net deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits are included in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has no unrecognized tax benefits recorded on its consolidated balance sheets. Interest and penalties, including those related to uncertain tax positions, are included in the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of income. The Company recognized approximately $47 thousand of expense and $107 thousand of benefit related to interest and penalties in 2023 and 2024, respectively. The total amount of interest and penalties included in the consolidated balance sheets was approximately $107 thousand as of December 31, 2023. The Company had no interest and penalties included in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024.
The following table summarizes changes in unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the respective periods (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 20232024
Beginning unrecognized tax benefits$948 $948 
Additions for tax positions taken in the prior year— — 
Reductions for tax positions taken in prior years— (948)
Ending unrecognized tax benefits$948 $— 
The Company does not anticipate significant changes to unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not record any unrecognized tax benefits.
A reconciliation between the Company’s statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 is as follows:
 202220232024
Statutory federal rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefits3.2 3.7 3.8 
Impact of foreign operations3.0 2.1 2.4 
Nondeductible compensation2.4 1.9 1.4 
Excess tax benefit on share-based compensation1.7 1.1 0.6 
Change in valuation allowance1.7 0.8 0.2 
Other(0.1)0.1 0.8 
Effective tax rate32.9 %30.7 %30.2 %
Cash payments for income taxes were $26.8 million, $42.9 million, and $49.2 million in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.