Investments and Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Marketable Investments

The Company’s marketable investments have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. The Company’s intent is that all marketable investments are available for use in its current operations, including marketable investments with maturity dates greater than one year from December 31, 2023. The Company’s marketable investments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2023
Short-Term Marketable Investments	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Certificates of deposit	$	1,463	$	—	$	—	$	1,463
U.S. treasury securities	315,608		191		(362)		315,437
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities	239,358		78		(177)		239,259
Commercial paper	17,382		9		—		17,391
Municipal bonds	927		1		—		928
Corporate bonds	12,630		4		(16)		12,618
Total	$	587,368	$	283	$	(555)	$	587,096

	December 31, 2022
Short-Term Marketable Investments	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Certificates of deposit	$	747	$	—	$	(13)	$	734
U.S. treasury securities	186,776		8		(1,382)		185,402
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities	197,597		29		(1,660)		195,966
Commercial paper	25,386		—		—		25,386
Municipal bonds	22,764		—		(145)		22,619
Corporate bonds	3,658		—		(22)		3,636
Total	$	436,928	$	37	$	(3,222)	$	433,743

	December 31, 2022
Long-Term Marketable Investments	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities	$	885	$	—	$	—	$	885
Total	$	885	$	—	$	—	$	885

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those marketable investments that were in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022

	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Certificates of deposit	$	—	$	—	$	(13)	$	734
U.S. treasury securities	(362)		79,644		(1,382)		126,534
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities	(177)		165,493		(1,660)		172,458
Municipal bonds	—		—		(145)		12,623
Corporate bonds	(16)		7,550		(22)		3,636
Total	$	(555)	$	252,687	$	(3,222)	$	315,985

Although the Company had certain available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023, no impairment loss was recorded since it did not intend to sell them, did not anticipate a need to sell them, and the decline in fair value was not due to any credit-related factors.

The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s marketable investments by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):


	Cost		Fair Value
Due within one year	$	457,498	$	457,484
Due after one year through two years	129,870		129,612
Total	$	587,368	$	587,096

Fair Value Measurements

The Company carries cash equivalents and marketable investments at fair value. Fair value is based on the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 — Observable inputs, which include unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are based on management’s assumptions, including fair value measurements determined by using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques.

The Company determined the fair value of its Level 1 financial instruments, which are traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments.

Marketable investments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, the Company relies on non-binding quotes from its investment managers, which are based on proprietary valuation models of independent pricing services. These models generally use inputs such as observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, historical pricing trends of a security as relative to its peers. To validate the fair value determination provided by its investment managers, the Company reviews the pricing movement in the context of overall market trends and trading information from its investment managers. The Company performs routine procedures such as comparing prices obtained from independent sources to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded.

The following tables set forth the Company’s assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	66,661	$	—	$	—	$	66,661
Certificates of deposit	—		493		—		493
U.S. treasury securities	4,983		—		—		4,983
Commercial paper	—		1,498		—		1,498
Total cash equivalents	$	71,644	$	1,991	$	—	$	73,635
Marketable investments
Certificates of deposit	$	—	$	1,463	$	—	$	1,463
U.S. treasury securities	315,437		—		—		315,437
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities	—		239,259		—		239,259
Commercial paper	—		17,391		—		17,391
Municipal bonds	—		928		—		928
Corporate bonds	—		12,618		—		12,618
Total marketable investments	$	315,437	$	271,659	$	—	$	587,096




	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	37,560	$	—	$	—	$	37,560
U.S. treasury securities	19,700		—		—		19,700
Total cash equivalents	$	57,260	$	—	$	—	$	57,260
Marketable investments (short and long-term)
Certificates of deposit	$	—	$	734	$	—	$	734
U.S. treasury securities	185,402		—		—		185,402
U.S. agency and government-sponsored securities	—		196,851		—		196,851
Commercial paper	—		25,386		—		25,386
Municipal bonds	—		22,619		—		22,619
Corporate bonds	—		3,636		—		3,636
Total marketable investments	$	185,402	$	249,226	$	—	$	434,628

As of December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding 2023 convertible senior notes was $0.3 million. The 2023 convertible senior notes matured on May 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the estimated fair value of the Company's outstanding 2025 convertible senior notes was $718.3 million and $687.1 million, respectively. The fair values were determined based on the quoted price of the convertible senior notes in an inactive market on the last trading day of the reporting period and have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 6 for further information on the Company’s convertible senior notes.

In February 2022, the Company made a $2.0 million equity investment in a privately-held company that it does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over. The Company elected the measurement alternative for an equity security without a readily determinable fair value. Accordingly, this investment is accounted for at its cost minus impairment, if any, and is classified within Level 3. If the Company identifies observable price changes in orderly transactions for such investment or a similar investment, it will measure the investment at fair value as of

the date that the observable transactions or events occurred. The Company concluded that there was no indicator of impairment of this investment as of December 31, 2023.

Except for the $2.0 million equity investment described above, there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities, approximate their carrying value due to the relatively short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amounts of the Company’s operating and finance leases approximate their fair value, which is the present value of expected future cash payments based on assumptions about current interest rates and the creditworthiness of the Company.