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Revenue (Notes) | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 01, 2023
Revenue [Abstract] |
Revenue | Revenue Nature of Goods and Services The Company generates revenues from sales at Company-operated restaurants and earns royalties, fees and rental income from franchised restaurants. Revenues are recognized upon delivery of food to the customer at Company-operated restaurants or upon the fulfillment of terms outlined in the franchise agreement for franchised restaurants. The franchise agreement provides the franchisee the right to construct, own and operate a Wendy’s restaurant upon a site accepted by Wendy’s and to use the Wendy’s system in connection with the operation of the restaurant at that site. The franchise agreement generally provides for a 20-year term and a 10-year renewal subject to certain conditions. The initial term may be extended up to 25 years and the renewal extended up to 20 years for qualifying restaurants under certain new restaurant development and reimaging programs. The franchise agreement requires that the franchisee pay a royalty based on a percentage of sales at the franchised restaurant, as well as make contributions to the Advertising Funds based on a percentage of sales. Wendy’s may offer development incentive programs from time to time that provide for a discount or lesser royalty amount or Advertising Fund contribution for a limited period of time. The agreement also typically requires that the franchisee pay Wendy’s a technical assistance fee. The technical assistance fee is used to defray some of the costs to Wendy’s for training, start-up and transitional services related to new and existing franchisees acquiring restaurants and in the development and opening of new restaurants. The franchise agreement also requires that the franchisee pay an annual fee for technology services. The technology fee is a flat fee dependent on each restaurant’s sales. Wendy’s also enters into development agreements with certain franchisees. The development agreement generally provides the franchisee with the right to develop a specified number of new Wendy’s restaurants using the Image Activation design within a stated, non-exclusive territory for a specified period, subject to the franchisee meeting interim new restaurant development requirements. Wendy’s owns and leases sites from third parties, which it leases and/or subleases to franchisees. Noncancelable lease terms are generally initially between 15 and 20 years and, in most cases, provide for rent escalations and renewal options. The initial lease term for properties leased or subleased to franchisees is generally set to be coterminous with the initial 20-year term of the related franchise agreement and any renewal term is coterminous with the 10-year renewal term of the related franchise agreement. Royalties and contributions to the Advertising Funds are generally due within the month subsequent to which the revenue was generated through sales at the franchised restaurant. Technical assistance fees and renewal fees are generally due upon execution of the related franchise agreement. Annual technology fees are due in quarterly installments. Rental income is due in accordance with the terms of each lease, which is generally at the beginning of each month. Disaggregation of Revenue The following tables disaggregate revenue by segment and source for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| Wendy’s U.S. |  | Wendy’s International |  | Global Real Estate & Development |  | Total
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales at Company-operated restaurants | $ | 882,684 |  |  | $ | 13,901 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 896,585 |
Franchise royalty revenue | 423,955 |  |  | 61,533 |  |  | — |  |  | 485,488 |
Franchise fees | 63,112 |  |  | 5,542 |  |  | 4,093 |  |  | 72,747 |
Franchise rental income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 234,465 |  |  | 234,465 |
Advertising funds revenue | 380,491 |  |  | 25,729 |  |  | — |  |  | 406,220 |
Total revenues | $ | 1,750,242 |  |  | $ | 106,705 |  |  | $ | 238,558 |  |  | $ | 2,095,505 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales at Company-operated restaurants | $ | 730,415 |  |  | $ | 3,659 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 734,074 |
Franchise royalty revenue | 407,317 |  |  | 53,392 |  |  | — |  |  | 460,709 |
Franchise fees | 64,170 |  |  | 5,391 |  |  | 6,478 |  |  | 76,039 |
Franchise rental income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 236,655 |  |  | 236,655 |
Advertising funds revenue | 365,594 |  |  | 23,927 |  |  | — |  |  | 389,521 |
Total revenues | $ | 1,567,496 |  |  | $ | 86,369 |  |  | $ | 243,133 |  |  | $ | 1,896,998 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales at Company-operated restaurants | $ | 722,764 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 722,764 |
Franchise royalty revenue | 373,162 |  |  | 43,346 |  |  | — |  |  | 416,508 |
Franchise fees | 22,126 |  |  | 1,962 |  |  | 4,153 |  |  | 28,241 |
Franchise rental income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 232,648 |  |  | 232,648 |
Advertising funds revenue | 313,330 |  |  | 20,334 |  |  | — |  |  | 333,664 |
Total revenues | $ | 1,431,382 |  |  | $ | 65,642 |  |  | $ | 236,801 |  |  | $ | 1,733,825 |
Contract Balances The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities (deferred franchise fees) from contracts with customers:
| Year End
| January 1, 2023 (a) |  | January 2, 2022 (a)
Receivables, which are included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” (b) | $ | 54,497 |  |  | $ | 49,168 |
Receivables, which are included in “Advertising funds restricted assets” | 70,422 |  |  | 65,497 |
Deferred franchise fees (c) | 99,208 |  |  | 97,186 |
_______________ (a)Excludes funds collected from the sale of gift cards, which are primarily reimbursed to franchisees upon redemption at franchised restaurants and do not ultimately result in the recognition of revenue in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. (b)Includes receivables related to “Sales” and “Franchise royalty revenue and fees.” (c)Deferred franchise fees are included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” and “Deferred franchise fees” and totaled $8,977 and $90,231, respectively, as of January 1, 2023, and $9,084 and $88,102, respectively, as of January 2, 2022. Significant changes in deferred franchise fees are as follows:
| Year Ended
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Deferred franchise fees at beginning of period | $ | 97,186 |  |  | $ | 97,785 |  |  | $ | 100,689 |
Revenue recognized during the period | (11,567) |  |  | (19,838) |  |  | (8,955) |
New deferrals due to cash received and other | 13,589 |  |  | 19,239 |  |  | 6,051 |
Deferred franchise fees at end of period | $ | 99,208 |  |  | $ | 97,186 |  |  | $ | 97,785 |
Anticipated Future Recognition of Deferred Franchise Fees The following table reflects the estimated franchise fees to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the period:
Estimate for fiscal year: |
2023 | $ | 8,977 |
2024 | 5,835 |
2025 | 5,669 |
2026 | 5,559 |
2027 | 5,482 |
Thereafter | 67,686 |
| $ | 99,208 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130551-203045 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130550-203045 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130558-203045 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 + Details
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