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Acquisitions and Other Significant Transactions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Acquisitions and Other Significant Transactions [Abstract] |
Acquisitions and Dispositions | 4. Acquisitions and Other Significant Transactions 2015 Community Acquisitions and Dispositions On December 29, 2014, the Company exercised its purchase option under an amended and restated master lease with HCP Inc. ("HCP"), as amended. As a result, the Company agreed to purchase the fee simple interest of nine communities previously leased to the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $60.0 million. On December 31, 2014, the Company paid the full purchase price of $51.4 million of cash as a deposit for the purchase of eight of the nine communities, and the Company took title to these eight communities at the closing on January 1, 2015. On May 1, 2015, the Company acquired the ninth community and paid the remainder of the purchase price of $8.6 million of cash. The results of operations of these communities are reported in the Assisted Living and CCRCs - Rental segments within the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. In February 2015, the Company acquired the underlying real estate associated with 15 communities that were previously leased for an aggregate purchase price of $268.6 million. The results of operations of these communities are reported in the Retirement Centers, Assisted Living, and CCRCs – Rental segments within the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. The Company financed the transaction with cash on hand, amounts drawn on the secured credit facility and $20.0 million of seller financing. The $20.0 million note has a five year term and bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.0%. The fair value of the communities acquired was determined to approximate $187.2 million. The fair values of the property, plant and equipment of the acquired communities were determined utilizing a direct capitalization method considering stabilized facility operating income and market capitalization rates. These fair value measurements were based on current market conditions as of the acquisition date and are considered Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The range of capitalization rates utilized was 6.25% to 8.75%, depending upon the property type, geographical location, and the quality of the respective community. The Company recorded the difference between the amount paid and the estimated fair value of the communities acquired ($76.1 million) as a loss on facility lease termination on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015, which includes the reversal of $5.3 million of deferred lease liabilities associated with the termination of the operating lease agreements. The payment for the termination of the lease agreements has been included within net cash provided by operating activities within the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015. In October 2015, the Company acquired the underlying real estate associated with five communities that were previously leased for an aggregate purchase price of $78.4 million. The results of operations of these communities are reported in the Assisted Living segment. The Company financed the transaction with seller-financing. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company sold 17 communities for an aggregate selling price of $82.9 million. The results of operations of the communities were previously reported in the Retirement Centers, Assisted Living, and CCRCs - Rental segments. Impairment charges related to communities sold in 2015 totaled $18.4 million and were recognized in the fourth quarter of 2015 in impairment expense within the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company designates communities as held for sale when it is probable that the properties will be sold. If appropriate, the Company records impairment losses and records these assets on the consolidated balance sheet at the lesser of the carrying value and fair value less estimated selling costs. The Company allocates a portion of the goodwill of a reporting unit to the disposal groups if the disposal group constitutes a business. The Company determines the fair value of the communities based primarily on purchase and sale agreements from prospective purchasers (Level 2 input). The long-lived assets are not depreciated while classified as held for sale. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has identified 17 communities as held for sale. The sale of these communities is expected in 2016, although there can be no assurance that the transactions will close or if they do, when the actual closing will occur. The results of operations of these communities are reported in the Assisted Living and CCRCs – Rental segments within the consolidated financial statements. Impairment charges related to communities identified as held for sale as of December 31, 2015 totaled $15.2 million and were recognized in impairment expense in the fourth quarter of 2015 within the Company's consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2015, $110.6 million was recorded as assets held for sale and $60.8 million of mortgage debt related to communities held for sale was included in the current portion of long-term debt within the Company's consolidated balance sheet. This debt will either be assumed by the prospective purchasers or be repaid with the proceeds from the sales. Investment in Unconsolidated RIDEA Venture On June 30, 2015, the Company and HCP entered into a venture, which acquired 35 senior housing communities ("HCP 35 Venture") for $847 million. The venture uses a REIT Investment Diversification and Empowerment Act of 2007 ("RIDEA") structure, whereby we and HCP invested in an "opco" and a "propco". The Company contributed $30.3 million in cash to the RIDEA venture. The Company owns a 10% ownership interest, and HCP owns a 90% ownership interest, in each of the propco and opco. The Company had operated these communities under a management agreement since 2011 and will continue to manage the communities under a market rate long-term management agreement with the venture. The Company's interest in the venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Acquisition of Emeritus On July 31, 2014, the Company completed the merger contemplated by that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 20, 2015, (the "Merger Agreement") by and among Emeritus Corporation ("Emeritus"), the Company, and Broadway Merger Sub Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("Merger Sub"), pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into Emeritus, with Emeritus continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the "Merger"). Prior to the Merger, Emeritus was a senior living service provider focused on operating residential style communities throughout the United States. As of July 31, 2014 Emeritus operated 493 communities, including assisted living and dementia care communities. Many of these communities offer independent living alternatives and, to a lesser extent, skilled nursing care. As of July 31, 2014, Emeritus owned 182 communities and leased 311 communities. Prior to the Merger, Emeritus also offered a range of outpatient therapy and home health services in Florida, Arizona and Texas. The aggregate acquisition-date fair value of the consideration transferred in the Merger was approximately $3.0 billion which consisted of the issuance of 47.6 million shares of the Company's common stock with a fair value of approximately $1.6 billion upon the cancellation of all shares of Emeritus' common stock and stock options, as well as the Company's assumption of approximately $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of existing mortgage indebtedness of Emeritus. The fair value of the 47.6 million common shares issued was determined based on the closing market price of the Company's common shares on July 31, 2014, the effective date of the Merger. As a result of the acquisition of Emeritus, the Company acquired, directly or indirectly, entities that were lessees under operating and capital leases covering 311 communities, as well as certain other leases such as office leases and leases associated with Emeritus' Nurse on Call home health business. The community leases contain customary terms, including assignment and change of control restrictions, maintenance and capital expenditure obligations, termination provisions and financial covenants. In connection with the Merger, the Company entered into guarantees of certain of these leases. The $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of existing mortgage debt assumed, directly or indirectly, by the Company in the Merger was collateralized by a total of 179 underlying communities, bore interest either at fixed rates at a weighted average of 6.06% per annum or at variable rates at a weighted average of 5.49% per annum (in each case, as of July 31, 2014), and had remaining maturities ranging from approximately three months to 33 years. The mortgage loans contained customary terms including assignment and change of control restrictions, acceleration provisions and financial covenants. In connection with the Merger, the Company entered into guarantees of certain of these debt arrangements. Emeritus maintained general and professional liability coverage for its owned, leased and managed communities under insurance policies that provided for self-insured retention. In certain historical periods Emeritus was uninsured for a subset of communities. In addition, it maintained a large-deductible workers compensation and a self-insured employee medical program. Emeritus accrued for claims under these three programs and therefore maintained reserves for liabilities related thereto. The Company acquired these liabilities as a result of the Merger, evaluated the adequacy of Emeritus' insurance reserves by reviewing historical claims, investigating claim files with assistance from Emeritus' third party administrators and other consultants, reviewing Emeritus' historical actuarial reports, and obtaining new actuarial valuations for claims incurred but not paid as of the date of the Merger. The Company also acquired tail insurance to provide coverage for general and professional liability claims incurred before the Merger date but made after, and maintains reserves for deductibles payable under the tail policies. On June 4, 2013, in Joan Boice et al. v. Emeritus Corporation et al., the Sacramento County Superior Court entered final judgment in favor of Joan Boice (deceased) and against Emeritus in the amount of $250,000 in compensatory damages and $23.0 million in punitive damages. Judgment was also entered in favor of Joan Boice's three adult children for $250,000 and the court awarded the plaintiffs' lawyer over $4.1 million in attorneys' fees. The judgment accrued interest at prescribed statutory rates. On July 8, 2014, Emeritus filed a Notice of Appeal challenging, among other things, the excessive nature of the punitive damages award. Emeritus was required to post a bond in connection with its appeal, and made a cash deposit in the amount of $20.9 million to collateralize the bond. The amount of the cash deposit and the reserve regarding the judgment have been contemplated in the purchase price allocation. Subsequent to the closing of the Merger, the Company was no longer required to collateralize the bond with a cash deposit. The case was settled by the parties during the year ended December 31, 2015. The fair values of the acquired property, plant and equipment, including communities and assets under capital and financing leases, were determined utilizing a direct capitalization method considering stabilized facility operating income and market capitalization rates. These fair value measurements were based on current market conditions as of the acquisition date and are considered Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The range of capitalization rates utilized was 5.5% to 9.75%, depending upon the property type, geographical location, and the quality of the respective community. The fair values of the acquired capital and financing lease obligations were determined utilizing a discounted cash flow approach considering the estimated contractual lease payments and a market discount rate. These fair value measurements were based on current market conditions as of the acquisition date and are considered Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The range of discount rates utilized was 6.0% to 10.75%, depending upon the remaining lease term, property type, geographical location, and the quality of the respective community. The fair values of the acquired long-term debt obligations were determined utilizing a discounted cash flow approach considering the estimated contractual long-term debt payments and a market discount rate. These fair value measurements were based on current market conditions as of the acquisition date and are considered Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The range of discount rates utilized was 3.0% to 7.0%, depending upon the remaining debt term and collateral securing the indebtedness. The allocation of fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed has changed from the allocation reported in "Note 4 – Acquisitions and Other Significant Transactions" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. The changes to the Company's valuation assumptions were based on more accurate information becoming available concerning the subject assets and liabilities. The purchase price allocation adjustments were primarily related to pre-acquisition self-insurance reserves and the related deferred tax impact, resulting in a $5.9 million net increase to the goodwill allocated to the Assisted Living segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The table below presents the allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in millions):
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 28 |
Property, plant and equipment and leasehold intangibles |  |  | 5,506 |
Goodwill |  |  | 645 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 259 |
Other assets, net |  |  | 307 |
Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | (297 | )
Long-term debt |  |  | (1,516 | )
Capital and financing lease obligations |  |  | (2,692 | )
Deferred tax liability |  |  | (339 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (251 | )
Noncontrolling interest |  |  | (1 | )
Fair value of Brookdale common stock issued |  | $ | 1,649 |
The goodwill of $645.2 million is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the Merger. The Retirement Centers, Assisted Living and Brookdale Ancillary Services segments were allocated goodwill of $20.5 million, $497.9 million and $126.8 million, respectively. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The following table provides the pro forma consolidated operational data as if the Company had acquired Emeritus on January 1, 2013 (unaudited, in millions, except share and per share data):
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 5,055 |  |  | $ | 4,853 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (424 | )
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders |  | $ | (0.59 | ) |  | $ | (2.48 | )
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands) |  |  | 175,823 |  |  |  | 171,255 |
The Company incurred $57.1 million of transaction costs related to the acquisition of Emeritus for the year ended December 31, 2014. Transaction costs are primarily comprised of transaction fees and direct acquisition costs, including legal, finance, consulting, professional fees and other third party costs. The pro forma consolidated operational data for the year ended December 31, 2014 excludes $57.1 million of transaction costs that were directly attributable to the Merger. The proforma consolidated operational data for the year ended December 31, 2013 includes $57.1 million of transaction costs that were directly attributable to the Merger. On August 29, 2014, the Company completed the HCP Transactions (as defined below). The pro forma consolidated operational data reflects the Company's full ownership interests and previously existing lease terms through the closing of the HCP Transactions on August 29, 2014 and reflects the Company's subsequent venture arrangements and amended lease terms for the remainder of the 2014 period. The pro forma consolidated operational data is based on assumptions and estimates considered appropriate by the Company's management; however, these pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been obtained had the Merger occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, nor do they purport to represent the consolidated results of operations for future periods. The pro forma consolidated operational data does not include the impact of any synergies that may be achieved from the acquisition of Emeritus or any strategies that management may consider in order to continue to efficiently manage operations. On July 30, 2014, in connection with the Merger, the Company's Certificate of Incorporation was amended to authorize up to 400 million shares of common stock. HCP Transactions On August 29, 2014, the Company completed the transactions contemplated by that certain Master Contribution and Transactions Agreement (the "Master Agreement"), dated as of April 23, 2014, by and between the Company and HCP, Inc. ("HCP"). At the closing of these transactions (the "Closing"), the Company and HCP entered into two ventures and amended the terms of certain existing agreements between the Company and HCP ("HCP Transactions"). Each of the ventures contemplated by the Master Agreement uses a "RIDEA" structure, whereby at the Closing each of the Company and HCP invested in an "opco" entity and a "propco" entity. The propco owns most of the applicable communities and leases such communities to the opco pursuant to long-term leases entered into at the Closing. The opco owns the remainder of the applicable communities not owned by the propco, and at the Closing the opco engaged an affiliate of the Company to manage all of the owned and leased communities pursuant to management agreements with 15-year terms subject to certain extension options. Venture Relating to Entry Fee CCRCs. At the Closing, the Company and HCP entered into a venture with respect to certain entry fee CCRCs previously owned, leased and/or operated by the Company. The Company owns a 51% ownership interest, and HCP owns a 49% ownership interest, in each of the propco and opco (together, the "CCRC Venture"). Pursuant to the terms of the Master Agreement, at the Closing the Company contributed to the CCRC Venture eight wholly-owned entities (owning eight CCRCs subject, in certain cases, to existing debt) and certain purchase options with respect to the HCP Communities (as defined below), and HCP contributed to the CCRC Venture three wholly-owned entities (owning three properties in two CCRCs (the "HCP Communities")). In addition, HCP contributed $323.5 million in cash and the CCRC Venture completed the purchases of four communities managed by the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $323.5 million immediately following the Closing. Each of the CCRCs in the CCRC Venture is managed by the Company pursuant to market rate management agreements entered into at the Closing, and the Company has agreed to guarantee certain obligations of the manager under the applicable management agreements. Each of the propco and opco is governed by a board of managers consisting of six members, with three representatives appointed by each of the Company and HCP. The results of operations and financial position of the ten previously owned or leased entry fee CCRCs, including refundable entrance fee liabilities and deferred revenue, were in all material respects deconsolidated from the Company prospectively upon formation of the CCRC Venture. The Company's interest in the CCRC Venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company's investment basis in the CCRC Venture is based on the carrying values of the net assets it contributed which is less than the Company's proportional share of underlying fair value of equity. Venture Relating to Emeritus / HCP Communities. At the Closing, the Company and HCP entered into a venture with respect to 49 independent living, assisted living, memory care and/or skilled nursing care communities previously owned by HCP and leased and historically operated by Emeritus. The Company acquired the leases in the Merger, recorded them at fair value at the acquisition date, and in this transaction effectively terminated the leases; therefore the Company has written off all of the recorded lease values in connection with this termination. The Company owns a 20% ownership interest, and HCP owns an 80% ownership interest, in each of the propco and opco (together, the "HCP 49 Venture"). Pursuant to the terms of the Master Agreement, at the Closing an HCP affiliate made a loan to the Company at prevailing interest rates in the original principal amount of approximately $68 million to fund the Company's initial capital contribution to the HCP 49 Venture. HCP contributed 49 communities to propco. At the Closing, propco leased the communities to opco. Each of the communities in the HCP 49 Venture is managed by an affiliate of the Company, and the Company has agreed to guarantee certain obligations of the manager under the applicable market rate management agreements. During the three months ended December 31, 2014, the Company repaid the $68 million loan from HCP primarily with the proceeds from the public equity offering completed during the third quarter of 2014. The results and financial position of the communities were, in all material respects, deconsolidated from the Company prospectively upon formation of the HCP 49 Venture. The Company's interest in the venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Pursuant to the terms of the Master Agreement, the Company is required to pay HCP a fee related to the lease restructuring in the amount of $34 million, which is payable over a two-year period beginning September 30, 2014. The elimination of the recorded lease values upon termination of the aforementioned leases approximated the $34 million liability to HCP. Amendments to Existing Agreements (including Triple Net Leases). At the Closing, the Company and HCP amended and restated (i) that certain Master Lease and Security Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2012, by and between Emeritus and certain affiliates of HCP, with respect to 112 communities, and (ii) certain other triple net leases between Emeritus and affiliates of HCP, with respect to 41 communities, together into a single master lease with the communities subject thereto separated into three pools (the "Master Lease"). The term of the Master Lease is 14 years for the pool 1 communities, 15 years for the pool 2 communities and 16 years for the pool 3 communities, with an average of approximately 15 years, in each case subject to two extension options of approximately 10 years each, and the Master Lease is guaranteed by the Company. The Master Lease provides for total base rent in 2014 of approximately $158 million, with lower future rent payments and escalations compared to the previously existing leases. HCP has agreed to make available up to $100 million for capital expenditures related to the communities during calendar years 2014 through 2017 at an initial lease rate of 7.0%. The Master Lease includes certain customary covenants, with respect to, among other things, capital expenditure requirements, restrictions on the ownership, operation and management of competing communities and transfer restrictions (including restrictions on changes of control of the Company). The Master Lease also includes customary events of default and remedies relating thereto. In addition, the Master Lease includes a fair value purchase option in favor of the Company for up to ten communities at an aggregate purchase price not to exceed $60 million. On December 29, 2014 the Company exercised this purchase option and agreed to purchase nine communities for an aggregate purchase price of $60 million. In connection with the transactions contemplated by the Master Agreement, at the Closing, (i) the parties terminated the purchase option rights granted by HCP to Emeritus pursuant to 49 of the previously existing Emeritus leases, (ii) the parties agreed to modify the existing term extension hurdle and incentive management fee structure applicable to an existing venture between the Company and HCP in respect of 20 independent living, assisted living, memory care and/or skilled nursing care communities, and (iii) HCP released certain deposits and reserves posted by the Company and held by HCP or its affiliates in connection with existing leases between the parties. For accounting purposes, the amended leases were treated as new leases and classified as either capital or financing leases. The terminated purchase options were included in the determination of recorded capital or financing lease related balances. Equity Offering In September 2014, the Company completed a public equity offering of 10,298,506 shares of common stock, which yielded net proceeds of approximately $330.4 million, net of approximately $0.4 million of costs related to the offering. During the three months ended December 31, 2014, the Company repaid $275.9 million of existing long-term debt with a weighted average interest rate of approximately 5.5%, financed primarily with the proceeds of the public equity offering, and the Company has used and is using net proceeds to finance the exercise of purchase options on certain communities currently leased by the Company and for other general corporate purposes, which may include additional debt repayments and the acceleration of capital investments in the Company's communities and corporate infrastructure platform. 2014 Community Acquisitions and Dispositions In July 2014, the Company acquired the underlying real estate associated with four communities that were previously leased for an aggregate purchase price of $51.4 million. The results of operations of three and one of these communities, prior and subsequent to the acquisition, are reported in the Retirement Centers and Assisted Living segments, respectively. The Company financed the transactions with $17.0 million of seller-financing secured by three of the communities. The balance of the purchase price was paid from cash on hand. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company sold four communities for an aggregate selling price of $9.2 million. The results of operations of the communities were previously reported in the Assisted Living and CCRCs - Rental segments.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for business combinations, including leverage buyout transactions (as applicable), and divestitures. This may include a description of a business combination or divestiture (or series of individually immaterial business combinations or divestitures) completed during the period, including background, timing, and assets and liabilities recognized and reclassified or sold. This element does not include fixed asset sales and plant closings. + References No definition available. + Details
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