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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Income tax provisions for interim periods are based on estimated annual income tax rates, adjusted to reflect the effects of any significant infrequent or unusual items which are required to be discretely recognized within the current interim period. The Company’s intention is to permanently reinvest its foreign earnings outside of the United States. As a result, the effective tax rates in the periods presented are largely based upon the forecasted pre-tax earnings mix and allocation of certain expenses in various taxing jurisdictions where the Company conducts its business that apply a broad range of statutory income tax rates, a large majority of which are less than the U.S. statutory rate.
The effective tax rate is as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
In millions
 
2016
 
2015
Effective tax rate
 
(2.2
)%
 
26.7
%

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, there was a discrete tax item resulting from the $76 million impairment recorded in the first quarter, of which $57 million is related to non-deductible goodwill and $19 million is related to intangible assets for which $6 million of deferred tax benefit has been recorded. This results in income tax expense in Q1 2016 of $1 million, on a pre-tax net loss of $45 million, causing a negative tax rate of (2.2%). There were no material discrete tax items for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by the tax impact of the goodwill impairment for the three months ended March 31, 2016.