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Commitments and Contingencies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] |
Commitments and Contingencies | Commitments and Contingencies In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to proceedings, lawsuits, governmental investigations, claims and other matters, including those that relate to the environment, health and safety, employee benefits, export compliance, intellectual property, tax matters, and other regulatory compliance and general matters. Guarantees and Product Warranties. Guarantees associated with the Company’s business activities are reviewed for appropriateness and impact to the Company’s financial statements. Periodically, the Company’s customers enter into various leasing arrangements coordinated with a leasing company. In some instances, the Company guarantees the leasing company a minimum value at the end of the lease term on the leased equipment. As of December 31, 2016, the maximum future payment obligation of this guaranteed value and the associated liability balance was $4 million. The Company provides its customers a standard manufacturer’s warranty and records, at the time of the sale, a corresponding estimated liability for potential warranty costs. Estimated future obligations due to warranty claims are based upon historical factors such as labor rates, average repair time, travel time, number of service calls and cost of replacement parts. For each consummated sale, the Company recognizes the total customer revenue and records the associated warranty liability using pre-established warranty percentages for that product class. The following table identifies the activity relating to the warranty reserve liability for the years ended December 31:
In millions | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Beginning balance at January 1 | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Accruals for warranties issued | 8 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 16 |
Settlements (in cash or kind) | (9 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (17 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7 |
The Company also offers extended and/or enhanced coverage to its customers in the form of maintenance contracts. The Company accounts for these contracts by deferring the related maintenance revenue over the extended and/or enhanced coverage period. Costs associated with maintenance support are expensed as incurred. Amounts associated with these maintenance contracts are not included in the table above. In addition, the Company provides its customers with certain indemnification rights. In general, the Company agrees to indemnify the customer if a third party asserts patent or other infringement on the part of the customer for its use of the Company’s products. The Company has indemnification obligations under its charter and bylaws to its officers and directors, and has entered into indemnification agreements with the officers and directors of its subsidiaries. From time to time, the Company also enters into agreements in connection with its acquisition and divesture activities that include indemnification obligations by the Company, including the sale of the marketing applications business. The fair value of these indemnification obligations is typically not readily determinable due to the conditional nature of the Company’s potential obligations and the specific facts and circumstances involved with each particular agreement. As such, the Company has generally not recorded a liability in connection with these indemnification arrangements. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of agreements have not had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Leases. Teradata conducts certain of its sales and administrative operations using leased facilities, the initial lease terms of which vary in length. Many of the leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses that are not material to the overall lease portfolio. Future minimum operating lease payments and committed subleases under non-cancelable leases as of December 31, 2016, for the following fiscal years were:
| Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In millions | Amounts |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 and Thereafter
Operating lease obligations | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Sublease rentals | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total committed operating leases less sublease rentals | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 11 |
The following table represents the Company’s actual rental expense and sublease rental income for the years ended December 31:
In millions | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Rental expense | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 26 |
Sublease rental income | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |
The Company had no contingent rentals for these periods. Concentrations of Risk. The Company is potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk on accounts receivable and financial instruments such as hedging instruments, and cash and cash equivalents. Credit risk includes the risk of nonperformance by counterparties. The maximum potential loss may exceed the amount recognized on the balance sheet. Exposure to credit risk is managed through credit approvals, credit limits, selecting major international financial institutions (as counterparties to hedging transactions) and monitoring procedures. Teradata’s business often involves large transactions with customers, and if one or more of those customers were to default in its obligations under applicable contractual arrangements, the Company could be exposed to potentially significant losses. However, management believes that the reserves for potential losses were adequate at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The Company is also potentially subject to concentrations of supplier risk. Our hardware components are assembled exclusively by Flextronics International Ltd. (“Flextronics”). Flextronics procures a wide variety of components used in the manufacturing process on our behalf. Although many of these components are available from multiple sources, Teradata utilizes preferred supplier relationships to better ensure more consistent quality, cost and delivery. Typically, these preferred suppliers maintain alternative processes and/or facilities to ensure continuity of supply. Given the Company’s strategy to outsource its manufacturing activities to Flextronics and to source certain components from single suppliers, a disruption in production at Flextronics or at a supplier could impact the timing of customer shipments and/or Teradata’s operating results.

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