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Commitments and Contingencies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] |
Commitments and Contingencies | Commitments and Contingencies In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to proceedings, lawsuits, governmental investigations, claims and other matters, including those that relate to the environment, health and safety, employee benefits, export compliance, intellectual property, tax matters and other regulatory compliance and general matters. We are not currently a party to any litigation, nor are we aware of any pending or threatened litigation against us that we believe would materially affect our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Guarantees and Product Warranties. Guarantees associated with the Company’s business activities are reviewed for appropriateness and impact to the Company’s financial statements. Periodically, the Company’s customers enter into various leasing arrangements coordinated with a leasing company. In some instances, the Company guarantees the leasing company a minimum value at the end of the lease term on the leased equipment. As of December 31, 2018, the maximum future payment obligation of this guaranteed value and the associated liability balance was $3 million. The Company provides its customers a standard manufacturer’s warranty and records, at the time of the sale, a corresponding estimated liability for potential warranty costs. Estimated future obligations due to warranty claims are based upon historical factors such as labor rates, average repair time, travel time, number of service calls and cost of replacement parts. For each consummated sale, the Company recognizes the total customer revenue and records the associated warranty liability using pre-established warranty percentages for that product class. The following table identifies the activity relating to the warranty reserve liability for the years ended December 31:
In millions | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Beginning balance at January 1 | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Accruals for warranties issued | 5 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |
Settlements (in cash or kind) | (6 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (9 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 5 |
The Company also offers extended and/or enhanced coverage to its customers in the form of maintenance contracts. Teradata accounts for these contracts by deferring the related maintenance revenue over the extended and/or enhanced coverage period. Costs associated with maintenance support are expensed as incurred. Amounts associated with these maintenance contracts are not included in the table above. In addition, the Company provides its customers with certain indemnification rights. In general, the Company agrees to indemnify the customer if a third party asserts patent or other infringement on the part of the customer for its use of the Company’s offerings. The Company has indemnification obligations under its charter and bylaws to its officers and directors, and has entered into indemnification agreements with the officers and directors of its subsidiaries. From time to time, the Company also enters into agreements in connection with its acquisition and divesture activities that include indemnification obligations by the Company, including the sale of the marketing applications business. The fair value of these indemnification obligations is typically not readily determinable due to the conditional nature of the Company’s potential obligations and the specific facts and circumstances involved with each particular agreement. As such, the Company has generally not recorded a liability in connection with these indemnification arrangements. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of agreements have not had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Leases. Teradata conducts certain of its sales and administrative operations using leased facilities, the initial lease terms of which vary in length. Many of the leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses that are not material to the overall lease portfolio. Future minimum operating lease payments and committed subleases under non-cancelable leases as of December 31, 2018, for the following fiscal years were:
In millions | Total Amounts |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2022 and Thereafter
Operating lease obligations | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Sublease rentals | (10 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total committed operating leases less sublease rentals | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 6 |
The following table represents the Company’s actual rental expense and sublease rental income for the years ended December 31:
In millions | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Rental expense | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Sublease rental income | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 3 |
The Company had no contingent rentals for these periods.

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