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Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Description of the Business | Description of the Business. Teradata Corporation ("we," "us," "Teradata," or the "Company") is focused on helping organizations improve business performance, enrich customer experiences, and integrate data across the enterprise. As such, we strive to innovate and deliver trusted solutions for complex data and analytics challenges. That's why we built our comprehensive open and connected cloud analytics and data platform for artificial intelligence ("AI"). Our Teradata Vantage platform is designed to help enterprises solve business problems and deliver business breakthroughs with its capabilities to provide harmonized data, trusted AI, and faster innovation.
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation. The financial statements are presented on a consolidated basis and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). Recurring revenue consists of our on-premises and cloud subscriptions, which have varying term lengths from one month to five years. Recurring revenue is intended to depict the revenue recognition model for these subscription transactions. The recurrence of these revenue streams in future periods depends on several factors, including contractual periods and customers' renewal decisions. Perpetual software licenses, hardware and other revenue consists of hardware and perpetual software licenses recognized upfront and revenue related to third party products. Consulting services revenue consists of consulting, implementation and installation services.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the period reported. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and judgments, including those related to allowances for doubtful accounts, the valuation of inventory to net realizable value, impairments of goodwill and other intangibles, stock-based compensation, leases, pension and other postemployment benefits, and income taxes and any changes will be accounted for on a prospective basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition, Contract Balances and Contract Costs | Revenue Recognition The Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("Topic 606") as of January 1, 2018 for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The core principle of Topic 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, the Company performs the following five steps: 1.identify the contract with a customer, 2.identify the performance obligations in the contract, 3.determine the transaction price, 4.allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and 5.recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the above five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for goods or services it transfers to the customer. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience, published credit, and financial information pertaining to the customer. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer, and excludes any sales, value add, and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a good or service to a customer. Estimates of variable consideration are included in revenue to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue will not occur once the uncertainty is resolved. The Company uses the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates in the period such variances become known. Typically, the amount of variable consideration is not material. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the relative standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised goods or services are combined with other goods or services and accounted for as a combined performance obligation. Revenue is then recognized either at a point in time or over time depending on our evaluation of when the customer obtains control of the promised goods or services. This evaluation requires significant judgment and the decision to combine a group of contracts or separate the combined or single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue recorded in a given period. In addition, the Company has developed assumptions that require judgment to determine the standalone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract. The Company determines the standalone selling price for a good or service by considering multiple factors including, geographies, market conditions, product life cycles, competitive landscape, internal costs, gross margin objectives, purchase volumes and pricing practices. The Company reviews the standalone selling price for each of its performance obligations on a periodic basis and updates it, when appropriate, to ensure that the practices employed reflect the Company’s recent pricing experience. The Company maintains internal controls over the establishment and updates of these estimates, which includes review and approval by the Company’s management. Teradata delivers its platform and services primarily through direct sales channels, as well as through other independent software vendors and distributors and value-added resellers. Standard payment terms may vary based on the country in which the contract is executed, but are generally between 30 days and 90 days. The following is a description of the principal activities and performance obligations from which the Company generates its revenue: •Subscription software licenses, services and other - The Company sells on-premises and cloud subscriptions to its customers through its subscription licenses, cloud and hardware rental offerings. Teradata’s on-premises subscription licenses include a right-to-use license and revenue is recognized upfront at a point in time unless the customer has a contractual right to cancel, where revenue is recognized period-to-period based on the cancellation terms. Subscription licenses are reported within the subscription software licenses caption on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The subscription software license support and unspecified software license upgrade rights on a when-and-if-available basis that are included in the subscription are reported within the recurring services and other caption and recognized ratably over the contract term. Cloud arrangements include a right-to-access software license on third party hosted hardware such as the public cloud. Revenue is recognized ratably, or as consumed, over the contract term and included within the recurring services and other caption. Cloud arrangements typically include a minimum fixed amount that is recognized ratably over the contract term and may include an elastic amount for usage above the minimum, which is recognized monthly based on actual utilization. For the Company's hardware rental offering, the Company owns the hardware and typically finances the hardware to more closely align the use of cash with the expected cash inflows from contracts with customers. The revenue for these arrangements is generally recognized straight-line over the term of the contract and is included within the recurring services and other caption. Hardware rentals are generally accounted for as operating leases and considered outside the scope of Topic 606. •Perpetual maintenance and software upgrade rights - Revenue for maintenance and unspecified software upgrade rights on a when-and-if-available basis are recognized straight-line over the term of the contract and included within the recurring services and other caption. •Perpetual software licenses, hardware and other - Revenue for software is generally recognized when the customer has the ability to use and benefit from its right to use the license. Hardware is typically recognized upon delivery once title and risk of loss have been transferred (when control has passed). Other revenue includes the sale of third-party related products. •Consulting services - The Company accounts for individual services as separate performance obligations if a service is separately identifiable from other items in a combined arrangement and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. Revenue for consulting, managed services, implementation and installation services is recognized as services are provided by measuring progress toward the complete satisfaction of the Company’s obligation. Progress for services that are contracted for at a fixed price is generally measured based on hours incurred as a portion of total estimated hours. Progress for services that are contracted for on a time and materials basis is generally based on hours expended. These input methods (e.g. hours incurred or expended) of revenue recognition are considered a faithful depiction of our efforts to satisfy services contracts and therefore reflect the transfer of services to a customer under such contracts. Significant Accounting Policies and Practical Expedients The following are the Company’s significant accounting policies not already disclosed elsewhere and practical expedients relating to revenue from contracts with customers: •Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. •Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as fulfillment cost and are included in cost of revenues. •The Company does not adjust for the effects of a significant financing component if the period between performance and customer payment is one year or less. •The Company expenses the costs to obtain a contract as incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less. Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, contract assets, and customer advances and deposits (deferred revenue or contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheet. Accounts receivable include amounts due from customers that are unconditional. Contract assets relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for goods delivered or services completed and recognized as revenue but billing and the right to receive payment is conditional upon the completion of other performance obligations. Contract assets are included in other current assets on the balance sheet and are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional. Deferred revenue consists of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Deferred revenue is classified as either current or noncurrent based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize revenue. These assets and liabilities are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.Contract CostsThe Company capitalizes sales commissions and other contract costs that are incremental direct costs of obtaining customer contracts if the expected amortization period of the asset is greater than one year. These costs are recorded in Capitalized contract costs on the Company’s balance sheet. The capitalized amounts are calculated based on the sales commissions for individual multi-term contracts. The judgments made in determining the amount of costs incurred include whether the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. Costs to obtain a contract are amortized as selling, general and administrative expenses on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which is typically four years. These costs are periodically reviewed for impairment.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents. All short-term, highly-liquid investments having original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Teradata establishes provisions for doubtful accounts using expected credit losses methodology and specific provisions for known issues.
Inventories | Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost of service parts is determined using the average cost method. Finished goods inventory is determined using actual cost.
Long-Lived Assets | Long-Lived Assets Property and Equipment. Property and equipment, leasehold improvements and rental equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the related assets primarily on a straight-line basis. The Company's estimate of depreciation expense incorporates management assumptions regarding the useful economic lives and residual values of its assets. Equipment is generally depreciated over 3 to 5 years and buildings over 25 to 45 years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the life of the lease or the asset, whichever is shorter. Customer rental equipment is typically depreciated over the associated customer rental period, which is typically 3 years.
Capitalized Software | Capitalized Software. Direct development costs associated with internal-use software are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the resulting software. The costs are capitalized when both the preliminary project stage is completed and it is probable that computer software being developed will be completed and placed in service. Teradata typically amortizes capitalized internal-use software on a straight-line basis over four years beginning when the asset is substantially ready for use. Costs incurred for the development of analytic database software that will be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred based on the frequency and agile nature of development. The Company uses agile development methodologies to help respond to new technologies and trends and rapidly changing customer needs. Agile development methodologies are characterized by a more dynamic development process with more frequent and iterative revisions to a product release features and functions as the software is being developed. Due to the shorter development cycle and focus on rapid production associated with agile development, the Company did not capitalize any amounts for external-use software development costs in 2024, 2023 and 2022 due to the relatively short duration between the completion of the working model and the point at which a product is ready for general release.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets | Valuation of Long-Lived Assets. Long-lived assets such as property and equipment, acquired intangible assets and internal capitalized software are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment is calculated based on the present value of future cash flows and an impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the carrying amount.
Cloud computing arrangements | Cloud computing arrangements. Implementation costs incurred in our hosting arrangements that are service contracts are recorded as other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Implementation costs include activities such as integrating, configuring and customizing the related software. Capitalization of these costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Costs incurred for post-configuration training, maintenance and minor modifications or enhancements are expensed as incurred. The capitalized cloud computing implementation costs are amortized on the straight-line basis over the fixed, non-cancellable term of the associated hosting arrangement plus any reasonably certain renewal periods. We apply the same impairment model to these assets as we use to evaluate internally-developed software for impairment.
Goodwill | Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill amounts are not amortized, but rather are tested for impairment annually or upon occurrence of an event or change in circumstances that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.
Research and Development Costs | Research and Development Costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs primarily include labor-related costs, contractor fees, and overhead expenses directly related to research and development support.
Pension and Postemployment Benefits | Pension and Postemployment Benefits. The Company accounts for its pension benefit and its non-U.S. postemployment benefit obligations using actuarial models. The measurement of plan obligations was made as of December 31, 2024. Liabilities are computed using the projected unit credit method. The objective under this method is to expense each participant’s benefits under the plan as they accrue, taking into consideration salary increases and the plan’s benefit allocation formula. Thus, the total pension or postemployment benefit to which each participant is expected to become entitled is broken down into units, each associated with a year of past or future credited service. The Company recognizes the funded status of its pension and non-U.S. and Japan postemployment plan obligations in its consolidated balance sheet and records, in other comprehensive income, certain gains and losses that arise during the period, but are deferred under pension and postemployment accounting rules.
Foreign Currency | Foreign Currency. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in a local currency environment are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates. Income and expense accounts are translated at daily exchange rates prevailing during the period. Adjustments arising from the translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in determining net income.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes. Income tax expense is provided based on income before income taxes in the various jurisdictions in which the Company conducts its business. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for tax purposes. These deferred taxes are determined based on the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the deferred assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. The Company made an accounting policy election in 2018 related to the 2017 Tax Act to provide for the tax expense related to global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") in the year the tax is incurred. Teradata recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company records valuation allowances related to its deferred income tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred income tax assets will not be realized.
Stock-based Compensation | Stock-based Compensation. Stock-based payments to employees, including restricted shares and restricted share units, are recognized in the financial statements based on their fair value.
Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reported period. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per share, except that the weighted-average number of shares outstanding includes the dilution from potential shares added from stock options, restricted share awards and other stock awards.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Beginning with our 2024 annual reporting, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07) that was issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). This standard requires disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items by reportable segment on an annual and interim basis. Upon adoption, the guidance was applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. For additional information, see Note 14 — Segment, Other Supplemental Information and Concentrations. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." This standard enhances disclosures related to income taxes, including the rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. This ASU becomes effective January 1, 2025. We are assessing the impact of this ASU and upon adoption may be required to include certain additional disclosures in the footnotes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (ASU 2024-03). The new guidance requires disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items on an annual and interim basis. This guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning the year ended December 31, 2027 and for interim periods thereafter. The new standard permits early adoption and can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Fair value measurements are established utilizing a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, defined as significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or quoted prices in less-active markets for identical assets; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

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