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Fair Value
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value

NOTE 19 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company follows the fair value measurement framework under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”).

Fair Value Measurement

The fair value measurement framework defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This framework also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

Money market investments

The fair value of money market investments is based on the carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of financial condition as these are reasonable estimates of fair value given the short-term nature of the instruments.

Investment securities

The fair value of investment securities is based on quoted market prices, when available, or market prices provided by Interactive Data Corporation ("IDC"), and independent, well-recognized pricing company. Such securities are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 depending on the basis for determining fair value. If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based upon externally developed models that use both observable and unobservable inputs depending on the market activity of the instrument, and such securities are classified as Level 3. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company did not have investment securities classified as Level 3.

Derivative instruments

The fair value of the interest rate swaps is largely a function of the financial market’s expectations regarding the future direction of interest rates. Accordingly, current market values are not necessarily indicative of the future impact of derivative instruments on earnings. This will depend, for the most part, on the shape of the yield curve, the level of interest rates, as well as the expectations for rates in the future. The fair value of most of these derivative instruments is based on observable market parameters, which include discounting the instruments’ cash flows using the U.S. dollar LIBOR-based discount rates, and also applying yield curves that account for the industry sector and the credit rating of the counterparty and/or the Company.

Certain other derivative instruments with limited market activity are valued using externally developed models that consider unobservable market parameters. Based on their valuation methodology, derivative instruments are classified as Level 2 or Level 3. In the past, the Company offered its customers certificates of deposit with an option tied to the performance of the S&P Index and used equity indexed option agreements with major broker-dealers to manage its exposure to changes in this index. Their fair value was obtained through the use of an external based valuation that was thoroughly evaluated and adopted by management as its measurement tool for these options. The payoff of these options was linked to the average value of the S&P Index on a specific set of dates during the life of the option. The methodology used an average rate option or a cash-settled option whose payoff was based on the difference between the expected average value of the S&P Index during the remaining life of the option and the strike price at inception. The assumptions, which were uncertain and required a degree of judgment, included primarily S&P Index volatility, forward interest rate projections, estimated index dividend payout, and leverage. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no options tied to the S&P Index outstanding.

Servicing assets

Servicing assets do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. Servicing assets are priced using a discounted cash flow model. The valuation model considers servicing fees, portfolio characteristics, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, late charges, other ancillary revenues, cost to service and other economic factors. Due to the unobservable nature of certain valuation inputs, the servicing rights are classified as Level 3.

Impaired Loans

Impaired loans are carried at the present value of expected future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate in a discounted cash flow calculation, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. Expected cash flows are based on internal inputs reflecting expected default rates on contractual cash flows. This method of estimating fair value does not incorporate the exit-price concept of fair value described in ASC 820-10 and would generally result in a higher value than the exit-price approach. For loans measured using the estimated fair value of collateral less costs to sell, fair value is generally determined based on the fair value of the collateral, which is derived from appraisals that take into consideration prices in observed transactions involving similar assets in similar locations, in accordance with the provisions of ASC 310-10-35 less disposition costs. Currently, the associated loans considered impaired are classified as Level 3.

Foreclosed real estate

Foreclosed real estate includes real estate properties securing residential mortgage and commercial loans. The fair value of foreclosed real estate may be determined using an external appraisal, broker price option or an internal valuation. These foreclosed assets are classified as Level 3 given certain internal adjustments that may be made to external appraisals.

Other repossessed assets

Other repossessed assets include repossessed automobiles. The fair value of the repossessed automobiles may be determined using internal valuation and an external appraisal. These repossessed assets are classified as Level 3 given certain internal adjustments that may be made to external appraisals.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are summarized below:

June 30, 2017
Fair Value Measurements
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(In thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Investment securities available-for-sale$-$649,327$-$649,327
Trading securities-294-294
Money market investments6,467--6,467
Derivative assets-957-957
Servicing assets--9,8669,866
Derivative liabilities-(1,881)-(1,881)
$6,467$648,697$9,866$665,030
Non-recurring fair value measurements:
Impaired commercial loans$-$-$58,089$58,089
Foreclosed real estate--50,22350,223
Other repossessed assets--3,2253,225
$-$-$111,537$111,537

December 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurements
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(In thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements:
Investment securities available-for-sale$-$751,484$-$751,484
Trading securities-347-347
Money market investments5,606--5,606
Derivative assets-1,330-1,330
Servicing assets--9,8589,858
Derivative liabilities-(2,437)-(2,437)
$5,606$750,724$9,858$766,188
Non-recurring fair value measurements:
Impaired commercial loans$-$-$54,289$54,289
Foreclosed real estate--47,52047,520
Other repossessed assets--3,2243,224
$-$-$105,033$105,033

The table below presents a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:

Quarter Ended June 30, 2017
DerivativeDerivative
assetliability
(S&P(S&P
PurchasedServicingEmbedded
Level 3 Instruments OnlyOptions)assetsOptions)Total
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$-$9,688$-$9,688
New instruments acquired-540-540
Principal repayments-(164)-(164)
Changes in fair value of servicing assets-(198)-(198)
Balance at end of period$-$9,866$-$9,866
Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2017
DerivativeDerivative
assetliability
(S&P(S&P
PurchasedServicingEmbedded
Level 3 Instruments OnlyOptions)assetsOptions)Total
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$-$9,858$-$9,858
New instruments acquired-1,074-1,074
Principal repayments-(326)-(326)
Changes in fair value of servicing assets-(740)-(740)
Balance at end of period$-$9,866$-$9,866

Quarter Ended June 30, 2016
DerivativeDerivative
assetliability
(S&P(S&P
PurchasedServicingEmbedded
Level 3 Instruments OnlyOptions)assetsOptions)Total
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$772$7,819$(746)$7,845
Gains (losses) included in earnings(585)-557(28)
New instruments acquired-717-717
Principal repayments-(121)-(121)
Amortization--88
Changes in fair value of servicing assets-(483)-(483)
Balance at end of period$187$7,932$(181)$7,938
Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2016
DerivativeDerivative
assetliability
(S&P(S&P
PurchasedServicingEmbedded
Level 3 Instruments OnlyOptions)assetsOptions)Total
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$1,171$7,455$(1,095)$7,531
Gains (losses) included in earnings(984)-886(98)
New instruments acquired-1,275-1,275
Principal repayments-(225)-(225)
Amortization--2828
Changes in fair value of servicing assets-(573)-(573)
Balance at end of period$187$7,932$(181)$7,938

During the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were purchases and sales of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no transfers into and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during such periods.

The table below presents quantitative information for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at June 30, 2017:

June 30, 2017
Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputRange
(In thousands)
Servicing assets$9,866Cash flow valuation Constant prepayment rate4.18% - 9.07%
Discount rate10.00% - 12.00%
Collateral dependant impaired loans$25,242Fair value of property or collateralAppraised value less disposition costs22.20% - 36.20%
Other non-collateral dependant impaired loans$32,847Cash flow valuation Discount rate4.15% - 10.50%
Foreclosed real estate$50,223Fair value of property or collateralAppraised value less disposition costs22.20% - 36.20%
Other repossessed assets$3,225Fair value of property or collateralEstimated net realizable value less disposition costs32.00% - 68.00%

Information about Sensitivity to Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs

Servicing assets – The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s servicing assets are constant prepayment rates and discount rates. Changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or offset the sensitivities. Mortgage banking activities, a component of total banking and financial service revenue in the consolidated statements of operations, include the changes from period to period in the fair value of the mortgage loan servicing rights, which may result from changes in the valuation model inputs or assumptions (principally reflecting changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions) and other changes, including changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The information about the estimated fair value of financial instruments required by GAAP is presented hereunder. The aggregate fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent management’s estimate of the underlying value of the Company.

The estimated fair value is subjective in nature, involves uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could affect these fair value estimates. The fair value estimates do not take into consideration the value of future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments. Other significant tangible and intangible assets that are not considered financial instruments are the value of long-term customer relationships of retail deposits, and premises and equipment.

The estimated fair value and carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:

June 30,December 31,
20172016
FairCarryingFairCarrying
Value Value Value Value
(In thousands)
Level 1
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 477,308 $ 477,308 $ 510,439 $ 510,439
Restricted cash$3,030$3,030$3,030$3,030
Level 2
Financial Assets:
Trading securities $ 294 $ 294 $ 347 $ 347
Investment securities available-for-sale$649,327$649,327$751,484$751,484
Investment securities held-to-maturity $ 549,595 $ 555,407 $ 592,763 $ 599,884
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock$16,616$16,616$10,793$10,793
Other investments $ 3 $ 3 $ 3 $ 3
Derivative assets$957$957$1,330$1,330
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities$1,881$1,881$2,437$2,437
Level 3
Financial Assets:
Total loans (including loans held-for-sale) $ 3,955,910 $ 4,091,866 $ 3,917,340 $ 4,147,692
FDIC indemnification asset$-$-$8,669$14,411
Accrued interest receivable $ 19,798 $ 19,798 $ 20,227 $ 20,227
Servicing assets$9,866$9,866$9,858$9,858
Accounts receivable and other assets $ 33,162 $ 33,162 $ 46,525 $ 46,525
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits $ 4,560,586 $ 4,582,686 $ 4,644,629 $ 4,664,487
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase$451,933$453,492$651,898$653,756
Advances from FHLB $ 138,002 $ 137,540 $ 106,422 $ 105,454
Other borrowings$177$177$61$61
Subordinated capital notes $ 31,743 $ 36,083 $ 30,230 $ 36,083
Accrued expenses and other liabilities$62,259$62,259$95,370$95,370

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of significant financial instruments at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

• Cash and cash equivalents (including money market investments and time deposits with other banks), restricted cash, accrued interest receivable, accounts receivable and other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities have been valued at the carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of financial condition as these are reasonable estimates of fair value given the short-term nature of the instruments.

• Investments in FHLB-NY stock are valued at their redemption value.

• The fair value of investment securities, including trading securities and other investments, is based on quoted market prices, when available or prices provided from contracted pricing providers, or market prices provided by recognized broker-dealers. If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based upon externally developed models that use both observable and unobservable inputs depending on the market activity of the instrument.

• The fair value of the FDIC indemnification asset represented the present value of the net estimated cash payments expected to be received from the FDIC for future losses on covered assets based on the credit assumptions on estimated cash flows for each covered asset and the loss sharing percentages. The FDIC shared-loss agreements were terminated on February 6, 2017. Such termination takes into account the anticipated reimbursements over the life of the shared-loss agreements and the true-up payment liability of the Bank anticipated at the end of the ten year term of the single family shared-loss agreement. Therefore, at June 30, 2017, the Company had no FDIC indemnification asset.

• The fair value of servicing asset is estimated by using a cash flow valuation model which calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, and other economic factors, which are determined based on current market conditions.

• The fair values of the derivative instruments are provided by valuation experts and counterparties. Certain derivatives with limited market activity are valued using externally developed models that consider unobservable market parameters. In the past, the Company offered its customers certificates of deposit with an option tied to the performance of the S&P Index and used equity indexed option agreements with major broker-dealers to manage its exposure to changes in this index. Their fair value was obtained through the use of an external based valuation that was thoroughly evaluated and adopted by management as its measurement tool for these options. The payoff of these options was linked to the average value of the S&P Index on a specific set of dates during the life of the option. The methodology used an average rate option or a cash-settled option whose payoff was based on the difference between the expected average value of the S&P Index during the remaining life of the option and the strike price at inception. The assumptions, which were uncertain and required a degree of judgment, included primarily S&P Index volatility, forward interest rate projections, estimated index dividend payout, and leverage. At June 30, 2017, there were no options tied to S&P Index outstanding.

• Fair value of derivative liabilities, which include interest rate swaps and forward-settlement swaps, are based on the net discounted value of the contractual projected cash flows of both the pay-fixed receive-variable legs of the contracts. The projected cash flows are based on the forward yield curve, and discounted using current estimated market rates.

• The fair value of the loan portfolio (including loans held-for-sale) is estimated by segregating by type, such as mortgage, commercial, consumer, auto and leasing. Each loan segment is further segmented into fixed and adjustable interest rates and by performing and non-performing categories. The fair value of performing loans is calculated by discounting contractual cash flows, adjusted for prepayment estimates (voluntary and involuntary), if any, using estimated current market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. This fair value is not currently an indication of an exit price as that type of assumption could result in a different fair value estimate. Non-performing loans have been valued at the carrying amounts.

• The fair value of demand deposits and savings accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of the contractual cash flows, using estimated current market discount rates for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

• The fair value of long-term borrowings, which include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, advances from FHLB, and subordinated capital notes is based on the discounted value of the contractual cash flows using current estimated market discount rates for borrowings with similar terms, remaining maturities and put dates.