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INCOME TAXES
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
Oriental is subject to the provisions of the Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code of 2011, as amended (the “PR Code”). The PR Code imposes a maximum statutory corporate tax rate of 37.5%. OFG has operations in the U.S. through its wholly owned subsidiaries OPC, OFG Ventures, and OFG USA LLC, which is a direct subsidiary of the Bank, and has two branches in the USVI. The United States subsidiaries are subject to federal income taxes at the corporate level, while the USVI branches are subject to federal income taxes under a mirror system and a 10% surtax included in the maximum tax rate. OPC is subject to Florida state taxes, OFG USA is subject to North Carolina state taxes, and current investments in OFG Ventures are subject to state taxes in Missouri. In addition, during 2021, OFG incorporated in Grand Cayman, as a foreign wholly owned subsidiary, OFG Reinsurance. OFG Reinsurance is tax exempt in Grand Cayman.
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, OFG’s net deferred tax asset, net of a valuation allowance of $10.4 million and $9.6 million, respectively, amounted to $76.1 million and $99.1 million, respectively. The increase in valuation allowance of $731 thousand was mainly related to OFG’s operations at the holding company level. In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax asset, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax asset is dependent upon the generation of future income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the assessment of positive and negative evidence, the level of historical taxable income, projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax asset are deductible, and provisions of certain closing agreements, management believes it is more likely than not that OFG will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowances, at June 30, 2022. The amount of the deferred tax asset that is considered realizable could be reduced in the near term if there are changes in estimates of future taxable income.

OFG maintained an effective tax rate (“ETR”) lower than the statutory rate for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 of 31.3% and 32.0%, respectively; mainly related to an increase in U.S. Treasury bills and other exempt investments and a discrete tax windfall on stock options recognized during the first six-months of 2022. The expected ETR for 2022 is 31.9%.
OFG classifies unrecognized tax benefits in other liabilities. These gross unrecognized tax benefits would affect the ETR if realized. At June 30, 2022, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $832 thousand (December 31, 2021 - $798 thousand).
Income tax expense for the quarters ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was $18.9 million and $19.3 million, respectively. Income tax expense for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, was $35.5 million and $33.5 million, respectively.