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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS OFG follows the fair value measurement framework under GAAP. Fair Value Measurement The fair value measurement framework defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This framework also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Money market investments The fair value of money market investments is based on the carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of financial condition as these are reasonable estimates of fair value given the short-term nature of the instruments. Investment securities The fair value of investment securities is based on valuations obtained from an independent pricing provider, ICE Data Pricing (formerly known as IDC) (“ICE”). ICE is a well-recognized pricing company and an established leader in financial information. Such securities are classified as Level 1 or Level 2, depending on the basis for determining fair value. At December 31, 2022, OFG held one security categorized as other debt that was classified as Level 3. The estimated fair value of this security was determined by using an adjusted third-party model to calculate the present value of projected future cash flows. The assumptions were highly uncertain and included primarily market discount rates and current spread. The assumptions used were drawn from similar securities that were actively traded in the market and have similar risk characteristics. The valuation was performed on a quarterly basis. At December 31, 2023 there was one security held-to-maturity, carried at amortized cost with no ACL established, classified as Level 3. Derivative instruments The fair value of the interest rate swaps was largely a function of the financial market’s expectations regarding the future direction of interest rates. Accordingly, current market values were not necessarily indicative of the future impact of derivative instruments on earnings. This depended, for the most part, on the shape of the yield curve, the level of interest rates, as well as the expectations for rates in the future. The fair value of most of these derivative instruments was based on observable market parameters, which included discounting the instruments’ cash flows using the U.S. dollar LIBOR-based discount rates (or its fallback benchmark when applicable), and also applying yield curves that accounted for the industry sector and the credit rating of the counterparty and/or OFG. Certain other derivative instruments with limited market activity were valued using externally developed models that considered unobservable market parameters. Based on their valuation methodology, derivative instruments were classified as Level 2. At December 31, 2023 there were no derivative instruments outstanding. Servicing assets Servicing assets do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. Servicing assets are priced using a discounted cash flow model. The valuation model considers servicing fees, portfolio characteristics, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, late charges, other ancillary revenues, cost to service, and other economic factors. Due to the unobservable nature of certain valuation inputs, the servicing rights are classified as Level 3. Foreclosed real estate Foreclosed real estate includes real estate properties securing residential mortgage and commercial loans. The fair value of foreclosed real estate may be determined using an external appraisal, broker price opinion or an internal valuation. These foreclosed assets are classified as Level 3 given certain internal adjustments that may be made to external appraisals. Other repossessed assets Other repossessed assets are mainly composed of repossessed automobiles. The fair value of the repossessed automobiles may be determined using internal valuation and an external appraisal. These repossessed assets are classified as Level 3 given certain internal adjustments that may be made to external appraisals. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are summarized below:
| December 31, 2023 |
| Fair Value Measurements |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
| (In thousands) |
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 296,799 |  |  | $ | 1,802,465 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,099,264 |  |
Trading securities | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |
Money market investments | 4,623 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,623 |  |
Servicing assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,520 |  |  | 49,520 |  |
| $ | 301,422 |  |  | $ | 1,802,478 |  |  | $ | 49,520 |  |  | $ | 2,153,420 |  |
Non-recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral dependent loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,027 |  |  | $ | 8,027 |  |
Foreclosed real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,780 |  |  | 10,780 |  |
Other repossessed assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,032 |  |  | 4,032 |  |
Other loans held for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 28,345 |  |  | 28,345 |  |
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,184 |  |  | $ | 51,184 |  |
| December 31, 2022
| Fair Value Measurements
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 309,133 |  |  | $ | 1,103,237 |  |  | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 1,412,776 |
Trading securities | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Money market investments | 4,161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,161 |
Derivative assets | — |  |  | 406 |  |  | — |  |  | 406 |
Servicing assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,921 |  |  | 50,921 |
| $ | 313,294 |  |  | $ | 1,103,652 |  |  | $ | 51,327 |  |  | $ | 1,468,273 |
Non-recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral dependent loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,805 |  |  | $ | 8,805 |
Foreclosed real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,214 |  |  | 11,214 |
Other repossessed assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |  |  | 4,617 |
Mortgage loans held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,499 |  |  | 19,499 |
Other loans held for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,088 |  |  | 21,088 |
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65,223 |  |  | $ | 65,223 |
The fair value information included in the tables above for non-recurring fair value measurements is not as of year-end. Instead, it is as of the date that the fair value measurement was recorded during 2023 and 2022, and excludes nonrecurring fair value measurements of assets no longer outstanding as of the reporting date. The tables below present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for 2023, 2022 and 2021: Level 3 Instruments Only
| Year Ended December 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
| Other debt securities available for sale | Servicing Assets | Total |  | Other debt securities available for sale | Servicing Assets | Total |  | Other debt securities available for sale | Servicing Assets | Total |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |
Balance at beginning year | $ | 406 |  | $ | 50,921 |  | $ | 51,327 |  |  | $ | 1,530 |  | $ | 48,973 |  | $ | 50,503 |  |  | — |  | $ | 47,295 |  | $ | 47,295 |  |  |
New instruments acquired | — |  | 2,560 |  | 2,560 |  |  | 376 |  | 3,998 |  | 4,374 |  |  | — |  | 6,089 |  | 6,089 |  |  |
Transfer from Level 2 | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |  | — |  | 1,500 |  |  |
Principal repayments and amortization | — |  | (4,163) |  | (4,163) |  |  | — |  | (5,312) |  | (5,312) |  |  | — |  | (6,738) |  | (6,738) |  |  |
Instrument converted to equity security | (406) |  | — |  | (406) |  |  | (1,581) |  | — |  | (1,581) |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  |
Gains included in earnings | — |  | 202 |  | 202 |  |  | — |  | 3,262 |  | 3,262 |  |  | — |  | 2,327 |  | 2,327 |  |  |
Gains included in other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 81 |  | — |  | 81 |  |  | 30 |  | — |  | $ | 30 |  |  |
Balance at end of year | $ | — |  | $ | 49,520 |  | $ | 49,520 |  |  | $ | 406 |  | $ | 50,921 |  | $ | 51,327 |  |  | $ | 1,530 |  | $ | 48,973 |  | $ | 50,503 |  |  |
During 2021, OFG transferred from level 2 to level 3 a $1.5 million convertible note classified as other debt securities. Subsequently, during 2022, this security was converted to an equity security. Servicing assets gains included in earnings during 2023, 2022 and 2021 were included as mortgage servicing activities in the consolidated statements of operations. For more information on the qualitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements, see Note 9 – Servicing Assets. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were purchases and sales of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The table below presents quantitative information for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
| December 31, 2023
| Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Servicing assets | $ | 49,520 |  |  | Cash flow valuation |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 1.35% - 17.34% |  | 6.12 | %
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10.00% - 15.50% |  | 11.45 | %
Collateral dependent loans | $ | 8,027 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Appraised value less disposition costs |  | 10.20% - 33.20% |  | 17.00 | %
Foreclosed real estate | $ | 10,780 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Appraised value less disposition costs |  | 10.20% - 33.20% |  | 12.67 | %
Other repossessed assets | $ | 4,032 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Estimated net realizable value less disposition costs |  | 31.00% - 77.00% |  | 57.72 | %
Other loans held for sale | $ | 28,345 |  |  | Bids or sales contract prices |  | Estimated market value |  | 52.00% - 103.20% |  | 84.80 | %
| December 31, 2022
| Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other debt securities available-for-sale | $ | 406 |  |  | Cash flow valuation |  | Credit Rating |  | Baa1 - Baa3 |  | Baa2
|  |  |  |  | Probability of Default Rate |  | 0.15% - 2.12% |  | 0.15 | %
|  |  |  |  | Recovery Rate |  | 34.73% |  | 34.73 | %
Servicing assets | $ | 50,921 |  |  | Cash flow valuation |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 3.43% - 21.20% |  | 5.66 | %
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10.00% - 15.50% |  | 11.45 | %
Collateral dependent loans | $ | 8,805 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Appraised value less disposition costs |  | 10.20% - 51.20% |  | 17.11 | %
Foreclosed real estate | $ | 11,214 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Appraised value less disposition costs |  | 10.20% - 33.20% |  | 11.81 | %
Other repossessed assets | $ | 4,617 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Estimated net realizable value less disposition costs |  | 22.00% - 80.00% |  | 58.49 | %
Mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 19,499 |  |  | Fair value of property |  | Estimated net realizable value |  | 83.25% - 102.43% |  | 71.86%
Other loans held for sale | $ | 21,088 |  |  | Bids or sales contract prices |  | Estimated market value |  | 100.00% - 103.20% |  | 74.65%
Information about Sensitivity to Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs Other debt security available for sale- The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of one of OFG's other debt securities at December 31, 2022 was a DFC methodology. DFC is a valuation method that uses the concept of the time value of money. The methodology used the future cash flows discounted through a yield to obtain a net present value. Assumptions applied in the model were obtained from Moody's Default Trends. Servicing assets – The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of OFG’s servicing assets are constant prepayment rates and discount rates. Changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or offset the sensitivities. Mortgage banking activities, a component of total banking and financial service revenue in the consolidated statements of operations, include the changes from period to period in the fair value of the mortgage loan servicing rights, which may result from changes in the valuation model inputs or assumptions (principally reflecting changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions) and other changes, including changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The information about the estimated fair value of financial instruments required by GAAP is presented hereunder. The aggregate fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent management’s estimate of the underlying value of OFG. The estimated fair value is subjective in nature, involves uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could affect these fair value estimates. The fair value estimates do not take into consideration the value of future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments. Other significant tangible and intangible assets that are not considered financial instruments include the value of long-term customer relationships of retail deposits, and premises and equipment. The estimated fair value and carrying value of OFG’s financial instruments at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value
| (In thousands)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 748,173 |  |  | $ | 748,173 |  |  | $ | 550,307 |  |  | $ | 550,307 |
Restricted cash | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 157 |
Investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 296,799 |  |  | $ | 296,799 |  |  | $ | 309,133 |  |  | $ | 309,133 |
Level 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 1,802,465 |  |  | $ | 1,802,465 |  |  | $ | 1,103,237 |  |  | $ | 1,103,237 |
Investment securities held-to-maturity | $ | 455,709 |  |  | $ | 514,024 |  |  | $ | 469,186 |  |  | $ | 535,070 |
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock | $ | 14,488 |  |  | $ | 14,488 |  |  | $ | 6,005 |  |  | $ | 6,005 |
Equity securities | $ | 23,981 |  |  | $ | 23,981 |  |  | $ | 17,662 |  |  | $ | 17,662 |
Derivative assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 406 |
Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 406 |
Investment securities held-to-maturity | $ | 35,055 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total loans (including loans held-for-sale) | $ | 7,282,214 |  |  | $ | 7,401,618 |  |  | $ | 6,467,878 |  |  | $ | 6,723,236 |
Accrued interest receivable | $ | 71,400 |  |  | $ | 71,400 |  |  | $ | 62,402 |  |  | $ | 62,402 |
Servicing assets | $ | 49,520 |  |  | $ | 49,520 |  |  | $ | 50,921 |  |  | $ | 50,921 |
Accounts receivable and other assets | $ | 47,859 |  |  | $ | 47,859 |  |  | $ | 61,014 |  |  | $ | 61,014 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 9,767,068 |  |  | $ | 9,762,169 |  |  | $ | 8,556,300 |  |  | $ | 8,568,364 |
Advances from FHLB | $ | 199,184 |  |  | $ | 200,768 |  |  | $ | 26,716 |  |  | $ | 26,716 |
Other borrowings | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 318 |  |  | $ | 318 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 115,985 |  |  | $ | 115,985 |  |  | $ | 124,999 |  |  | $ | 124,999 |
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of significant financial instruments at December 31, 2023 and 2022: •Cash and cash equivalents (including money market investments and time deposits with other banks), restricted cash, accrued interest receivable, accounts receivable and other assets, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and other borrowings have been valued at the carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of financial condition as these are reasonable estimates of fair value given the short-term nature of the instruments. •Investments in FHLB stock are valued at their redemption value. •The fair value of investment securities, including trading securities, is based on quoted market prices, when available or prices provided from contracted pricing providers, or market prices provided by recognized broker-dealers. If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based upon externally developed models that use both observable and unobservable inputs depending on the market activity of the instrument. The estimated fair value of the AFICA bond in other debt securities held-to-maturity is determined by using a detailed discounted cash flow valuation model to calculate the present value of projected future cash flows. The credit losses are recorded using the ACL methodology. This involves comparing the amortized cost of the securities with the fair value of the expected future cash flows. Several assumptions requiring a high degree of judgment include the selection of market discount rates, the determination of current credit spread, and the estimation of both the probability of default and loss given default rates. The estimated fair value of the convertible note in other debt securities available-for-sale outstanding at December 31, 2022 was determined by using an adjusted third-party cash flow valuation model to calculate the present value of projected future cash flows. The assumptions used the performance of the collateral underlying each deal. The valuation, which was obtained at least on a quarterly basis, was analyzed and its assumptions were evaluated and incorporated in either an internal-based valuation model, when deemed necessary, or compared to counterparties’ prices and agreed by management. Equity securities do not have readily available fair values and are measured at cost, less any impairment. •The fair value of servicing asset is estimated by using a cash flow valuation model, which calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, and other economic factors, which are determined based on current market conditions. •The fair values of the derivative instruments outstanding at December 31, 2022, which included interest rate swaps and forward-settlement swaps, were based on the net discounted value of the contractual projected cash flows of both the pay-fixed receive-variable legs of the contracts. The projected cash flows were based on the forward yield curve and discounted using current estimated market rates. •The fair value of the loan portfolio (including loans held-for-sale and non-performing loans) is based on the exit market price, which is estimated by segregating by loan type, such as mortgage, commercial, consumer, auto and leasing. The fair value is calculated by discounting contractual cash flows; this discount rate used considers a capital adjustment as well as other premiums for systemic risk, servicing costs, modeling & uncertainty risk, and impairment uncertainty. •The fair value of demand deposits and savings accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of the contractual cash flows, using estimated current market discount rates for deposits of similar remaining maturities. •The fair value of long-term borrowings, which include securities sold under agreements to repurchase and advances from FHLB is based on the discounted value of the contractual cash flows using current estimated market discount rates for borrowings with similar terms, remaining maturities and put dates.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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