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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________
Commission File Number: 001-12647
OFG Bancorp
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico |  | 66-0538893
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

254 Muñoz Rivera Avenue |  | 00918
San Juan, Puerto Rico |  | (Zip code)
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |

| (787) 771-6800 |
| (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |
| N/A |
| (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) |

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common shares, par value $1.00 per share | OFG | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☑ | Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Non-Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company
|  |  |  |  |  | ☐ | Emerging Growth Company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨No ☑
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
46,561,532 common shares ($1.00 par value per share) outstanding as of July 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION | Page |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |  |
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition | 3 |
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations | 5 |
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 7 |
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity | 8 |
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 9 |
| Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements |  |
| Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 |
| Note 2 – Restricted Cash | 13 |
| Note 3 – Investment Securities | 13 |
| Note 4 – Loans | 18 |
| Note 5 – Allowance for Credit Losses | 35 |
| Note 6 – Foreclosed Real Estate | 38 |
| Note 7 – Servicing Assets | 38 |
| Note 8 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | 39 |
| Note 9 – Accrued Interest Receivable and Other Assets | 40 |
| Note 10 – Deposits and Related Interest | 41 |
| Note 11 – Borrowings and Related Interest | 42 |
| Note 12 – Income Taxes | 43 |
| Note 13 – Regulatory Capital Requirements | 44 |
| Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity | 45 |
| Note 15 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | 46 |
| Note 16 – Earnings per Common Share | 48 |
| Note 17 – Guarantees | 48 |
| Note 18 – Commitments and Contingencies | 50 |
| Note 19 – Operating Leases | 52 |
| Note 20 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 53 |
| Note 21 – Banking and Financial Service Revenues | 60 |
| Note 22 – Business Segments | 61 |
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 64 |
| Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 65 |
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 99 |
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 105 |
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 105 |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 105 |
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 105 |
Item 3. | Defaults upon Senior Securities | 106 |
Item 4. | Mines Safety Disclosures | 106 |
Item 5. | Other Information | 106 |
Item 6. | Exhibits | 107 |
Signatures | 108 |

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may relate to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of OFG Bancorp (“we,” “our,” “us” or “OFG”), including, but not limited to, statements with respect to the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”), delinquency trends, market risk and the impact of interest rate changes, capital markets conditions, capital adequacy and liquidity, and the effect of legal proceedings and new accounting standards on OFG’s financial condition and results of operations. All statements contained herein that are not clearly historical in nature are forward-looking, and the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continues,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “project” and similar expressions and future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “can,” “may,” or similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements.
These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties, estimates and assumptions by management that are difficult to predict. Various factors, some of which by their nature are beyond OFG’s control, could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to:
•the rate of growth in the economy and employment levels, inflationary pressures or recessionary conditions, as well as general business and economic conditions;
•changes in interest rates, as well as the magnitude of such changes;
•a credit default by municipalities of the government of Puerto Rico;
•a credit default by the U.S. government or a downgrade in the credit ratings of the U.S. government;
•the impacts related to or resulting from bank failures and other volatility, including potential increased regulatory and compliance requirements and costs and potential impacts to macroeconomic conditions, which could affect the ability of depository institutions, including the Bank, to attract and retain depositors and to borrow or raise capital;
•the actual or perceived soundness of other financial institutions, including as a result of the financial or operational failure of a major financial institution, or concerns about the creditworthiness of such a financial institution or its ability to fulfill its obligations, which can cause substantial and cascading disruption within the financial markets;
•amendments to the fiscal plans approved by the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico;
•determinations in the court-supervised debt-restructuring process under Title III of PROMESA for the Puerto Rico government and all of its agencies, including some of its public corporations, as well as the ability to successfully implement any court-approved plan of adjustment;
•unforeseen or catastrophic events, including extreme weather events, other natural disasters, man-made disasters, pandemics, war or other international conflicts and acts of terrorism (including cyber-attacks), or utility disruptions, which could cause a disruption in our operations or other adverse consequences for our business;
•the impact of property, credit and other losses in Puerto Rico as a result of hurricanes, earthquakes and other natural disasters;
•the amount of government financial assistance for the reconstruction of Puerto Rico’s infrastructure, which was impacted by the effects of Hurricane Maria in 2017, earthquakes in 2020, and Hurricane Fiona in 2022;
•the pace and magnitude of Puerto Rico’s economic recovery;
•the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies;
•changes in federal bank regulatory and supervisory policies, including with respect to required levels of capital;
•the relative strength or weakness of the commercial and consumer credit sectors and the real estate market in Puerto Rico;
•the performance of the stock and bond markets;
1

•competition in the financial services industry;
•possible legislative, tax or regulatory changes; and
•factors beyond our control such as severe weather conditions, natural disasters, pandemics, power loss, disruptions in telecommunications, terrorism and other catastrophic events, any of which could significantly affect delinquency rates, loan and accounts receivable balances and other aspects of our business and results of operations.
Other possible events or factors that could cause results or performance to differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements include the following: negative economic conditions that adversely affect the general economy, housing prices, the job market, consumer confidence and spending habits which may affect, among other things, the level of non-performing assets, charge-offs and provision for credit losses expense; changes in interest rates and market liquidity which may reduce interest margins, impact funding sources and affect the ability to originate and distribute financial products in the primary and secondary markets; adverse movements and volatility in debt and equity capital markets; changes in market rates and prices which may adversely impact the value of financial assets and liabilities; risk of impairment of investment securities, goodwill, other intangible assets or deferred tax assets; liabilities resulting from litigation and regulatory investigations; changes in accounting standards, rules and interpretations; increased competition; OFG’s ability to grow its core businesses; decisions to downsize, sell or close units or otherwise change OFG’s business mix; and management’s ability to identify and manage these and other risks.
All forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are based upon information available to OFG as of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and other than as required by law, including the requirements of applicable securities laws, OFG assumes no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect occurrences or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
2

Table of Contents
OFG BANCORP
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AS OF JUNE 30, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents: |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 735,346 |  |  | $ | 743,550 |
Money market investments | 5,083 |  |  | 4,623 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 740,429 |  |  | 748,173 |
Investments: |  |  |
Trading securities, at fair value, with amortized cost of $163 (December 31, 2023 - $163) | 16 |  |  | 13 |
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value, with amortized cost of $2,198,116 (December 31, 2023 - $2,177,761); no allowance for credit losses | 2,096,306 |  |  | 2,099,264 |
Investment securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, with fair value of $279,437 (December 31, 2023 - $490,764); no allowance for credit losses | 338,621 |  |  | 549,024 |
Equity securities | 41,074 |  |  | 38,469 |
Total investments | 2,476,017 |  |  | 2,686,770 |
Loans: |  |  |
Loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value | 20,736 |  |  | 28,345 |
Loans held-for-investment, net of allowance for credit losses of $157,301 (December 31, 2023 - $161,106) | 7,482,406 |  |  | 7,373,273 |
Total loans | 7,503,142 |  |  | 7,401,618 |
Other assets: |  |  |
Foreclosed real estate | 6,526 |  |  | 10,780 |
Accrued interest receivable | 72,969 |  |  | 71,400 |
Deferred tax assets, net | 4,094 |  |  | 4,923 |
Premises and equipment, net | 104,384 |  |  | 104,102 |
Customers' liability on acceptances | 28,504 |  |  | 25,576 |
Servicing assets | 49,789 |  |  | 49,520 |
Goodwill | 84,241 |  |  | 84,241 |
Other intangible assets | 17,738 |  |  | 20,694 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 20,298 |  |  | 21,725 |
Other assets | 150,954 |  |  | 114,931 |
Total assets | $ | 11,259,085 |  |  | $ | 11,344,453 |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
OFG BANCORP
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AS OF JUNE 30, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023 (CONTINUED)

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Demand deposits | $ | 6,017,364 |  |  | $ | 6,050,428 |
Savings accounts | 2,002,342 |  |  | 2,088,102 |
Time deposits | 1,585,544 |  |  | 1,623,639 |
Total deposits | 9,605,250 |  |  | 9,762,169 |
Borrowings: |  |  |
Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (the “FHLB”) | 200,741 |  |  | 200,768 |
Other borrowings | — |  |  | 2 |
Total borrowings | 200,741 |  |  | 200,770 |
Other liabilities: |  |  |
Acceptances executed and outstanding | 28,504 |  |  | 25,576 |
Operating lease liabilities | 22,605 |  |  | 24,029 |
Deferred tax liabilities, net | 33,873 |  |  | 22,444 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 140,410 |  |  | 115,985 |
Total liabilities | 10,031,383 |  |  | 10,150,973 |
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 18) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock, $1 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 59,885,234 shares issued: 46,561,532 shares outstanding (December 31, 2023 - 59,885,234 shares issued; 47,065,156 shares outstanding) | 59,885 |  |  | 59,885 |
Additional paid-in capital | 637,895 |  |  | 638,667 |
Legal surplus | 160,560 |  |  | 150,967 |
Retained earnings | 706,807 |  |  | 639,324 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 13,323,702 shares (December 31, 2023 - 12,820,078 shares) | (250,951) |  |  | (228,350) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $15,316 (December 31, 2023 - $11,484) | (86,494) |  |  | (67,013) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,227,702 |  |  | 1,193,480 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 11,259,085 |  |  | $ | 11,344,453 |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
OFG BANCORP
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE QUARTERS AND SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands, except per share data)
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 154,257 |  |  | $ | 135,518 |  |  | $ | 303,851 |  |  | $ | 263,829 |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | 20,893 |  |  | 10,593 |  |  | 40,687 |  |  | 20,667 |  |  |
Investment securities and other | 12,508 |  |  | 11,877 |  |  | 26,546 |  |  | 22,477 |  |  |
Total interest income | 187,658 |  |  | 157,988 |  |  | 371,084 |  |  | 306,973 |  |  |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 37,812 |  |  | 15,916 |  |  | 74,604 |  |  | 28,413 |  |  |
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings | 2,521 |  |  | 2,428 |  |  | 5,053 |  |  | 3,019 |  |  |
Total interest expense | 40,333 |  |  | 18,344 |  |  | 79,657 |  |  | 31,432 |  |  |
Net interest income | 147,325 |  |  | 139,644 |  |  | 291,427 |  |  | 275,541 |  |  |
Provision for credit losses | 15,581 |  |  | 15,044 |  |  | 30,702 |  |  | 24,489 |  |  |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 131,744 |  |  | 124,600 |  |  | 260,725 |  |  | 251,052 |  |  |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banking service revenue | 18,781 |  |  | 17,440 |  |  | 36,040 |  |  | 34,953 |  |  |
Wealth management revenue | 8,440 |  |  | 8,194 |  |  | 16,547 |  |  | 15,314 |  |  |
Mortgage banking activities | 4,864 |  |  | 5,225 |  |  | 9,557 |  |  | 9,123 |  |  |
Total banking and financial service revenues | 32,085 |  |  | 30,859 |  |  | 62,144 |  |  | 59,390 |  |  |
Net loss on sale of securities | — |  |  | (1,149) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (1,149) |  |  |
Other non-interest income | 391 |  |  | 363 |  |  | 687 |  |  | 733 |  |  |
Total non-interest income | 32,476 |  |  | 30,073 |  |  | 62,824 |  |  | 58,974 |  |  |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
OFG BANCORP
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE QUARTERS AND SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023 (CONTINUED)

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
| (In thousands, except per share data)
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefits | 38,467 |  |  | 37,841 |  |  | 78,283 |  |  | 76,314 |  |  |  |  |
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs | 14,393 |  |  | 14,362 |  |  | 28,715 |  |  | 28,619 |  |  |  |  |
Electronic banking charges | 11,687 |  |  | 10,262 |  |  | 22,053 |  |  | 20,598 |  |  |  |  |
Information technology expenses | 6,565 |  |  | 7,188 |  |  | 13,168 |  |  | 13,606 |  |  |  |  |
Professional and service fees | 5,117 |  |  | 5,319 |  |  | 9,121 |  |  | 10,383 |  |  |  |  |
Taxes, other than payroll and income taxes | 3,224 |  |  | 3,265 |  |  | 6,467 |  |  | 6,538 |  |  |  |  |
Insurance | 3,117 |  |  | 2,689 |  |  | 5,793 |  |  | 5,606 |  |  |  |  |
Loan servicing and clearing expenses | 1,890 |  |  | 1,866 |  |  | 4,000 |  |  | 4,133 |  |  |  |  |
Advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives | 2,445 |  |  | 2,063 |  |  | 4,824 |  |  | 4,098 |  |  |  |  |
Communication | 1,219 |  |  | 1,160 |  |  | 2,300 |  |  | 2,189 |  |  |  |  |
Printing, postage, stationery and supplies | 939 |  |  | 866 |  |  | 1,898 |  |  | 1,596 |  |  |  |  |
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income, net of expenses | (731) |  |  | (2,320) |  |  | (63) |  |  | (1,527) |  |  |  |  |
Other | 4,628 |  |  | 4,327 |  |  | 7,813 |  |  | 6,955 |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest expense | 92,960 |  |  | 88,888 |  |  | 184,372 |  |  | 179,108 |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 71,260 |  |  | 65,785 |  |  | 139,177 |  |  | 130,918 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | 20,129 |  |  | 21,612 |  |  | 38,354 |  |  | 40,516 |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 51,131 |  |  | $ | 44,173 |  |  | $ | 100,823 |  |  | $ | 90,402 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  |  | $ | 2.14 |  |  | $ | 1.91 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  | $ | 1.89 |  |  |  |  |
Average common shares outstanding and equivalents | 47,131 |  |  | 47,490 |  |  | 47,244 |  |  | 47,716 |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends per share of common stock | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  |  |  |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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OFG BANCORP
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE QUARTERS AND SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands)
Net income | $ | 51,131 |  |  | $ | 44,173 |  |  | $ | 100,823 |  |  | $ | 90,402 |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities available-for-sale | (5,763) |  |  | (14,342) |  |  | (23,320) |  |  | 3,583 |  |  |
Realized loss on sale of securities available-for-sale | — |  |  | 1,149 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,149 |  |  |
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges | — |  |  | (155) |  |  | — |  |  | (286) |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before taxes | (5,763) |  |  | (13,348) |  |  | (23,313) |  |  | 4,446 |  |  |
Income tax effect | 1,000 |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | 3,832 |  |  | (601) |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income after taxes | (4,763) |  |  | (11,224) |  |  | (19,481) |  |  | 3,845 |  |  |
Comprehensive income | $ | 46,368 |  |  | $ | 32,949 |  |  | $ | 81,342 |  |  | $ | 94,247 |  |  |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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OFG BANCORP
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES
IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE QUARTERS AND SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
| (In thousands)
Common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at the beginning and end of period | 59,885 |  |  | 59,885 |  |  | 59,885 |  |  | 59,885 |  |  |  |  |
Additional paid-in capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 636,208 |  |  | 634,785 |  |  | 638,667 |  |  | 636,793 |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense | 1,966 |  |  | 1,403 |  |  | 3,130 |  |  | 2,368 |  |  |  |  |
Lapsed restricted stock units | (279) |  |  | (137) |  |  | (3,902) |  |  | (3,110) |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | 637,895 |  |  | 636,051 |  |  | 637,895 |  |  | 636,051 |  |  |  |  |
Legal surplus: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 155,732 |  |  | 138,333 |  |  | 150,967 |  |  | 133,901 |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from retained earnings | 4,828 |  |  | 4,234 |  |  | 9,593 |  |  | 8,666 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | 160,560 |  |  | 142,567 |  |  | 160,560 |  |  | 142,567 |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 672,455 |  |  | 547,641 |  |  | 639,324 |  |  | 516,371 |  |  |  |  |
Net income | 51,131 |  |  | 44,173 |  |  | 100,823 |  |  | 90,402 |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends declared on common stock[1] | (11,951) |  |  | (10,538) |  |  | (23,747) |  |  | (21,065) |  |  |  |  |
Transfer to legal surplus | (4,828) |  |  | (4,234) |  |  | (9,593) |  |  | (8,666) |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | 706,807 |  |  | 577,042 |  |  | 706,807 |  |  | 577,042 |  |  |  |  |
Treasury stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (226,896) |  |  | (212,794) |  |  | (228,350) |  |  | (211,135) |  |  |  |  |
Stocks repurchased | (24,282) |  |  | (13,573) |  |  | (24,282) |  |  | (16,467) |  |  |  |  |
Lapsed restricted stock units and options | 227 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 1,681 |  |  | 1,372 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | (250,951) |  |  | (226,230) |  |  | (250,951) |  |  | (226,230) |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (81,731) |  |  | (78,340) |  |  | (67,013) |  |  | (93,409) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) gain, net of tax | (4,763) |  |  | (11,224) |  |  | (19,481) |  |  | 3,845 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | (86,494) |  |  | (89,564) |  |  | (86,494) |  |  | (89,564) |  |  |  |  |
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,227,702 |  |  | $ | 1,099,751 |  |  | $ | 1,227,702 |  |  | $ | 1,099,751 |  |  |  |  |

[1] Dividends declared per common share during the quarter ended June 30, 2024 - $0.25 (June 30, 2023 - $0.22). Dividends declared per common share during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 - $0.50 (June 30, 2023 - $0.44).
See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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OFG BANCORP
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

| Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 100,823 |  |  | $ | 90,402 |  |  |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred loan origination fees, net of costs, and fair value premiums on loans | 855 |  |  | 323 |  |  |
Amortization of investment securities discounts, net of accretion of premiums | (5,359) |  |  | (3,191) |  |  |
Amortization of other intangible assets | 2,956 |  |  | 3,450 |  |  |
Net change in operating leases | 3 |  |  | 184 |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment | 10,600 |  |  | 10,210 |  |  |
Deferred income tax expense, net | 16,090 |  |  | 34,580 |  |  |
Provision for credit losses | 30,702 |  |  | 24,489 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 3,130 |  |  | 2,368 |  |  |
(Gain) loss on: |  |  |  |  |
Sale of securities | 7 |  |  | 1,149 |  |  |
Sale of loans | (660) |  |  | (287) |  |  |
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets | (1,867) |  |  | (4,472) |  |  |
Sale of other assets | (1) |  |  | 25 |  |  |
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale | (60,378) |  |  | (59,847) |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale | 56,045 |  |  | 5,596 |  |  |
Net (increase) decrease in: |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable | (1,576) |  |  | (947) |  |  |
Servicing assets | (269) |  |  | 955 |  |  |
Other assets | (34,323) |  |  | (6,458) |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in: |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest on deposits and borrowings | (1,226) |  |  | 1,083 |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 40,525 |  |  | (269) |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 156,077 |  |  | 99,343 |  |  |
See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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OFG BANCORP UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023 (CONTINUED)
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands)
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of: |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | (545,356) |  |  | (47,650) |  |  |
FHLB stock | (28,016) |  |  | (9,681) |  |  |
Equity securities | (1,813) |  |  | (2,642) |  |  |
Maturities and redemptions of: |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | 418,623 |  |  | 176,280 |  |  |
Investment securities held-to-maturity | 210,817 |  |  | 10,311 |  |  |
FHLB stock | 27,224 |  |  | 44 |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of: |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | 149,406 |  |  | 202,133 |  |  |
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets, including write-offs | 27,159 |  |  | 30,957 |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 1 |  |  | 30 |  |  |
Origination and purchase of loans, excluding loans held-for-sale | (1,435,894) |  |  | (1,801,377) |  |  |
Principal repayment of loans | 1,246,285 |  |  | 1,473,429 |  |  |
Additions to premises and equipment | (10,903) |  |  | (7,656) |  |  |
Net cash provided by investing activities | $ | 57,533 |  |  | $ | 24,178 |  |  |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in: |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | (172,551) |  |  | (35,417) |  |  |
FHLB advances and other borrowings | (2) |  |  | 198,714 |  |  |
Exercise of stock options and restricted units lapsed, net | (2,221) |  |  | (1,738) |  |  |
Purchase of treasury stock | (24,282) |  |  | (16,467) |  |  |
Dividends paid on common stock | (22,298) |  |  | (20,104) |  |  |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | $ | (221,354) |  |  | $ | 124,988 |  |  |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (7,744) |  |  | 248,509 |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 748,173 |  |  | 550,464 |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 740,429 |  |  | $ | 798,973 |  |  |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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OFG BANCORP UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023 (CONTINUED)
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands)
Reconciliation of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows to the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 735,346 |  |  | $ | 795,546 |  |  |
Money market investments | 5,083 |  |  | 3,427 |  |  |
Total cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 740,429 |  |  | $ | 798,973 |  |  |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure and Schedule of Non-cash Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 78,619 |  |  | $ | 27,706 |  |  |
Income taxes paid | $ | 11,822 |  |  | $ | 3,438 |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities paid | $ | 4,911 |  |  | $ | 5,024 |  |  |
Mortgage loans held-for-sale securitized into mortgage-backed securities | $ | 38,089 |  |  | $ | 53,713 |  |  |
Transfer from loans to foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets | $ | 23,429 |  |  | $ | 25,785 |  |  |
Reclassification of loans held-for-investment portfolio to held-for-sale portfolio | $ | 26,840 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  |
Reclassification of loans held-for-sale portfolio to held-for-investment portfolio | $ | 1,084 |  |  | $ | 8,736 |  |  |
Financed sales of foreclosed real estate | $ | 710 |  |  | $ | 488 |  |  |
Delinquent loans booked under the GNMA buy-back option | $ | 19,008 |  |  | $ | 18,417 |  |  |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
OFG is a publicly-owned financial holding company incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. OFG operates through various subsidiaries including, a commercial bank, Oriental Bank (the “Bank”), a securities broker-dealer and investment adviser, Oriental Financial Services LLC (“Oriental Financial Services”), an insurance agency, Oriental Insurance, LLC (“Oriental Insurance”), a captive reinsurance company, OFG Reinsurance Ltd (“OFG Reinsurance”), and OFG Ventures LLC (“OFG Ventures”), which holds investments. Through these subsidiaries and their respective divisions, OFG provides a wide range of banking and financial services such as commercial, consumer, auto, and mortgage lending, financial planning, insurance sales, investment advisory, and securities brokerage services, as well as corporate and individual trust services.
The Bank has a wholly-owned operating subsidiary, OFG USA LLC (“OFG USA”), which is a commercial lender organized in Delaware. In addition, Oriental International Bank Inc. (“OIB”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, and Oriental Overseas, a division of the Bank, are international banking entities licensed pursuant to the International Banking Center Regulatory Act of Puerto Rico, as amended. OIB and Oriental Overseas offer the Bank certain Puerto Rico tax advantages. Their activities are limited under Puerto Rico law to persons located in Puerto Rico with assets/liabilities located outside of Puerto Rico. In March 2024, the Bank organized OBPEF LLC (“OBPEF”), as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank and a private equity fund under the Puerto Rico Incentives Code, as amended, which objective is to provide financing to eligible borrowers, whether in the form of senior or subordinated debt, to support the economic development of Puerto Rico.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of OFG have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with guidance provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of OFG on a consolidated basis, and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in OFG’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). Operating results for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. OFG evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of this report with the SEC and has recorded or disclosed those material events or transactions as described within the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate mainly to the determination of the allowance for credit losses.
New Accounting Updates Not Yet Adopted
Codification Improvements—Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements. In March 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2024-02, which removes various references to concept statements from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The ASU intends to simplify the Accounting Standards Codification and distinguish between non-authoritative and authoritative guidance. For public business entities, the amendments will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We will adopt this guidance when it becomes effective, in the first quarter of 2025 and on a prospective basis, and the impact on our financial statements and disclosures is not expected to be material.
Compensation—Stock Compensation. In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01 to improve GAAP by adding an illustrative example to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance in paragraph 718-10-15-3 to determine whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718. The ASU 2024-01 is intended to reduce complexity and diversity in practice. For public business entities, the amendments will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
permitted. Although OFG is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements and disclosures, we do not expect the impact to be material.
Segment Reporting—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 to enhance segment reporting by expanding the breadth and frequency of segment disclosures required for public entities. The amendments in this ASU will allow registrants to disclose multiple measures of segment profit or loss and it also clarifies that single reportable segment entities must apply Topic 280 in its entirety. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The amendments will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this guidance when it becomes effective in the annual period of 2024 on a retrospective basis to all periods presented in the financial statements, and the impact on our financial statements and disclosures is not expected to be material.
Income Taxes—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 to enhance income tax disclosures and requests for more information about the tax risks and opportunities present in an entity’s worldwide operations. The ASU’s two primary enhancements will require further disaggregation for existing disclosures for the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. More specifically, the amendments will require entities to disclose: a tabular effective tax rate reconciliation, broken out into specific categories with certain reconciling items above a 5% threshold further broken out by nature and jurisdiction; and income taxes paid (net of refunds received), broken out between federal, state and foreign, and net amounts paid to an individual jurisdiction that exceed 5% of the total. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities are permitted to early adopt these amendments. The amendments should be applied prospectively, but retrospective application is permitted. We will adopt this guidance when it becomes effective, in the annual period of 2025 on a prospective basis, and the impact on our financial statements and disclosures is not expected to be material.
The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. On March 6, 2024, the SEC issued a final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11275 that requires registrants to provide climate disclosures in their annual reports and registration statements. The rule includes disclosure concerning the use of carbon offsets or renewable energy credits or certificates if their use is a material component of the registrant’s plans to achieve its disclosed climate-related targets or goals, and certain disclosures about Scope 1 and/or Scope 2 greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions, if material. It also requires disclosures of amounts related to the effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions. The disclosure requirements will apply to OFG's fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025. We will adopt this rule when it becomes effective. OFG is currently evaluating the final rule, but the impact on our financial statements and disclosures is not expected to be material.
NOTE 2 – RESTRICTED CASH
The Bank is required by Puerto Rico law to maintain average weekly reserve balances to cover demand deposits, excluding government deposits that are secured with pledged collateral. The amount of those minimum average reserve balances for the week that covered June 30, 2024 was $474.2 million (December 31, 2023 - $464.5 million). At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank complied with this requirement. Cash and due from bank, as well as other short-term highly liquid securities, are used to cover the required average reserve balances.
NOTE 3 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES
Money Market Investments
OFG considers as cash equivalents all money market instruments that are not pledged and that have maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, money market instruments included as part of cash and cash equivalents amounted to $5.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively.
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Investment Securities
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, fair value, weighted average yield and contractual maturities of the securities owned by OFG at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

| June 30, 2024
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Yield
| (In thousands)
Available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due from 1 to 5 years | $ | 8,933 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 8,512 |  |  | 1.98 | %
Due from 5 to 10 years | 36,742 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,517 |  |  | 34,225 |  |  | 1.97 | %
Due after 10 years | 1,512,171 |  |  | 5,261 |  |  | 69,008 |  |  | 1,448,424 |  |  | 4.28 | %
Total FNMA and FHLMC certificates | 1,557,846 |  |  | 5,261 |  |  | 71,946 |  |  | 1,491,161 |  |  | 4.21 | %
GNMA certificates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due from 1 to 5 years | 7,965 |  |  | — |  |  | 319 |  |  | 7,646 |  |  | 1.72 | %
Due from 5 to 10 years | 13,552 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 883 |  |  | 12,676 |  |  | 2.23 | %
Due after 10 years | 409,828 |  |  | 5,017 |  |  | 38,662 |  |  | 376,183 |  |  | 3.54 | %
Total GNMA certificates | 431,345 |  |  | 5,024 |  |  | 39,864 |  |  | 396,505 |  |  | 3.47 | %
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due from 1 to 5 years | 6,896 |  |  | — |  |  | 274 |  |  | 6,622 |  |  | 1.78 | %
Due after 10 years | 790 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 779 |  |  | 5.06 | %
Total CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies | 7,686 |  |  | — |  |  | 285 |  |  | 7,401 |  |  | 2.11 | %
Total mortgage-backed securities | 1,996,877 |  |  | 10,285 |  |  | 112,095 |  |  | 1,895,067 |  |  | 4.04 | %
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due less than 1 year | 200,656 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 200,658 |  |  | 5.41 | %
Other debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due less than 1 year | 500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 500 |  |  | 3.25 | %
Due from 1 to 5 years | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 2.97 | %
Total other debt securities | 583 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 581 |  |  | 3.21 | %
Total investment securities | 201,239 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 201,239 |  |  | 5.41 | %
Total securities available for sale | $ | 2,198,116 |  |  | $ | 10,287 |  |  | $ | 112,097 |  |  | $ | 2,096,306 |  |  | 4.17 | %
| June 30, 2024
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Yield
| (In thousands)
Held-to-maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due after 10 years | $ | 303,621 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59,256 |  |  | $ | 244,365 |  |  | 1.72 | %
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due from 1 to 5 years | 35,000 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,072 |  |  | 6.33 | %
Total securities held to maturity | $ | 338,621 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 59,256 |  |  | $ | 279,437 |  |  | 2.20 | %

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Yield
| (In thousands)
Available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due from 1 to 5 years | $ | 6,972 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | 6,661 |  |  | 1.76 | %
Due from 5 to 10 years | 45,835 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,767 |  |  | 43,068 |  |  | 2.00 | %
Due after 10 years | 1,411,327 |  |  | 8,989 |  |  | 54,100 |  |  | 1,366,216 |  |  | 4.11 | %
Total FNMA and FHLMC certificates | 1,464,134 |  |  | 8,989 |  |  | 57,178 |  |  | 1,415,945 |  |  | 4.03 | %
GNMA certificates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due less than 1 year | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1.31 | %
Due from 1 to 5 years | 8,851 |  |  | — |  |  | 351 |  |  | 8,500 |  |  | 1.71 | %
Due from 5 to 10 years | 17,113 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 955 |  |  | 16,174 |  |  | 2.19 | %
Due after 10 years | 380,306 |  |  | 4,419 |  |  | 33,110 |  |  | 351,615 |  |  | 3.38 | %
Total GNMA certificates | 406,275 |  |  | 4,435 |  |  | 34,416 |  |  | 376,294 |  |  | 3.30 | %
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due from 1 to 5 years | 9,071 |  |  | — |  |  | 364 |  |  | 8,707 |  |  | 1.78 | %
Due from 5 to 10 years | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |  |  | 2.14 | %
Due after 10 years | 861 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 849 |  |  | 5.07 | %
Total CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies | 9,986 |  |  | — |  |  | 376 |  |  | 9,610 |  |  | 2.06 | %
Total mortgage-backed securities | 1,880,395 |  |  | 13,424 |  |  | 91,970 |  |  | 1,801,849 |  |  | 3.86 | %
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due less than 1 year | 296,747 |  |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | 296,799 |  |  | 5.40 | %
Other debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due less than 1 year | 500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 500 |  |  | 3.25 | %
Due from 1 to 5 years | 119 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 2.97 | %
Total other debt securities | 619 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 3.20 | %
Total investment securities | 297,366 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 297,415 |  |  | 5.39 | %
Total securities available for sale | $ | 2,177,761 |  |  | $ | 13,476 |  |  | $ | 91,973 |  |  | $ | 2,099,264 |  |  | 4.07 | %
| December 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Yield
| (In thousands)
Held-to-maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due after 10 years | $ | 314,710 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56,767 |  |  | $ | 257,943 |  |  | 1.72 | %
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due less than 1 year | 199,314 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,548 |  |  | 197,766 |  |  | 3.33 | %

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

Other debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due from 1 to 5 years | 35,000 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,055 |  |  | 6.36 | %
Total securities held to maturity | $ | 549,024 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 58,315 |  |  | $ | 490,764 |  |  | 2.60 | %

Securities not due on a single contractual maturity date, such as collateralized mortgage obligations, are classified in the period of final contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
The weighted average yield on debt securities available-for-sale is based on amortized cost and does not give effect to changes in fair value. Weighted average yields on tax-exempt obligations have been computed on a fully taxable equivalent basis.
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, most securities held by OFG are issued by U.S. government entities and government-sponsored agencies that have a zero-credit loss assumption and, therefore, have no allowance for credit losses.
Investment securities at June 30, 2024 include $1.648 billion pledged to secure government deposits and regulatory collateral, of which $1.602 billion serve as collateral for public funds. For regulatory collateral, the secured parties are not permitted to sell or repledge them. Investment securities as of December 31, 2023 include $1.624 billion pledged to secure government deposits, derivatives, and regulatory collateral that the secured parties are not permitted to sell or repledge, of which $1.575 billion serve as collateral for public funds.
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank’s international banking entity, OIB, held short-term US Treasury securities in the amount of $525 thousand and $325 thousand, respectively, as the legal reserve required for international banking entities under Puerto Rico law. At both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank’s international banking entity, Oriental Overseas, held short-term US Treasury securities in the amount of $325 thousand as the legal reserve required for international banking entities under Puerto Rico law. These instruments cannot be withdrawn or transferred without the prior written approval of the Office of the Commissioner of Financial Institutions.
During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, OFG retained securitized GNMA pools totaling $38.1 million and $41.1 million, respectively, at a yield of 5.09% and 5.16%, respectively, from its own originations.
During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023, OFG retained FNMA pools totaling $12.6 million at a yield of 5.31%, from its own originations. OFG did not retain FNMA pools during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024.
During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, OFG sold $149.4 million and $203.3 million, respectively, of available for sale US Treasury securities and recognized a $7 thousand and $1.1 million, respectively, in losses on the sale. These losses are included in the consolidated statements of operations.

|  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2024 |
Description |  | Sale Price |  | Book Value at Sale |  | Gross Gains |  | Gross Losses |
|  | (In thousands) |
Sale of investment securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury securities |  | $ | 149,406 |  |  | $ | 149,413 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |

|  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2023
Description |  | Sale Price |  | Book Value at Sale |  | Gross Gains |  | Gross Losses
|  | (In thousands)
Sale of investment securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US Treasury securities |  | $ | 202,133 |  |  | $ | 203,282 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,149 |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The following table shows OFG’s gross unrealized losses and fair value of investment securities available-for-sale at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

| June 30, 2024
| 12 months or more
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
| (In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates | $ | 737,230 |  |  | $ | 67,814 |  |  | $ | 669,416 |
GNMA certificates | 267,882 |  |  | 39,458 |  |  | 228,424 |
CMOs issued by US Government-sponsored agencies | 7,686 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 7,401 |
Other debt securities | 83 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 81 |
| $ | 1,012,881 |  |  | $ | 107,559 |  |  | $ | 905,322 |
| June 30, 2024
| Less than 12 months
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
| (In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates | $ | 197,672 |  |  | $ | 4,132 |  |  | $ | 193,540 |
GNMA certificates | 37,603 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 37,197 |
| $ | 235,275 |  |  | $ | 4,538 |  |  | $ | 230,737 |
| June 30, 2024
| Total
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
| (In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates | $ | 934,902 |  |  | $ | 71,946 |  |  | $ | 862,956 |
GNMA certificates | 305,485 |  |  | 39,864 |  |  | 265,621 |
CMOs issued by US Government-sponsored agencies | 7,686 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 7,401 |
Other debt securities | 83 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 81 |
| $ | 1,248,156 |  |  | $ | 112,097 |  |  | $ | 1,136,059 |

The unrealized losses on OFG’s investment in federal agency mortgage-backed securities were caused by market volatility related to interest rate increases. OFG purchased those investments at a discount relative to their face amount, and the contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government or by a government-sponsored enterprise. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price that is less than the amortized cost basis of OFG’s investments. OFG does not intend to sell the investments, and it is not more likely than not that OFG will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| December 31, 2023
| 12 months or more
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
| (In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates | $ | 731,334 |  |  | $ | 56,847 |  |  | $ | 674,487 |
GNMA certificates | 275,669 |  |  | 34,364 |  |  | 241,305 |
CMOs issued by US Government-sponsored agencies | 9,986 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 9,610 |
Other debt securities | 119 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 116 |
| $ | 1,017,108 |  |  | $ | 91,590 |  |  | $ | 925,518 |

| December 31, 2023
| Less than 12 months
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
| (In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates | $ | 106,235 |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 105,904 |
GNMA certificates | 7,864 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 7,812 |
| $ | 114,099 |  |  | $ | 383 |  |  | $ | 113,716 |

| December 31, 2023
| Total
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value
| (In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates | $ | 837,569 |  |  | $ | 57,178 |  |  | $ | 780,391 |
GNMA certificates | 283,533 |  |  | 34,416 |  |  | 249,117 |
CMOs issued by US Government-sponsored agencies | 9,986 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 9,610 |
Other debt securities | 119 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 116 |
| $ | 1,131,207 |  |  | $ | 91,973 |  |  | $ | 1,039,234 |

NOTE 4 - LOANS
OFG’s loan portfolio is composed of four segments: commercial, mortgage, consumer, and auto loans. Loans are further segregated into classes which OFG uses when assessing and monitoring the risk and performance of the portfolio.
The composition of the amortized cost basis of OFG’s loan portfolio at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Non-PCD |  | PCD |  | Total |  | Non-PCD |  | PCD |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate | $ | 1,182,145 |  |  | $ | 114,516 |  |  | $ | 1,296,661 |  |  | $ | 1,095,207 |  |  | $ | 120,988 |  |  | $ | 1,216,195 |
Other commercial and industrial | 1,109,608 |  |  | 14,068 |  |  | 1,123,676 |  |  | 1,091,021 |  |  | 14,459 |  |  | 1,105,480 |
| 2,291,753 |  |  | 128,584 |  |  | 2,420,337 |  |  | 2,186,228 |  |  | 135,447 |  |  | 2,321,675 |
Commercial US | 662,026 |  |  | — |  |  | 662,026 |  |  | 755,228 |  |  | — |  |  | 755,228 |
Total commercial loans | 2,953,779 |  |  | 128,584 |  |  | 3,082,363 |  |  | 2,941,456 |  |  | 135,447 |  |  | 3,076,903 |
Mortgage loans | 600,031 |  |  | 885,096 |  |  | 1,485,127 |  |  | 629,247 |  |  | 933,362 |  |  | 1,562,609 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | 594,271 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 594,524 |  |  | 568,358 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 568,622 |
Credit lines | 10,648 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 11,000 |  |  | 10,926 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 11,214 |
Credit cards | 38,382 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,382 |  |  | 40,314 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,314 |
Overdraft | 271 |  |  | — |  |  | 271 |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | 296 |
| 643,572 |  |  | 605 |  |  | 644,177 |  |  | 619,894 |  |  | 552 |  |  | 620,446 |
Auto loans | 2,427,089 |  |  | 951 |  |  | 2,428,040 |  |  | 2,272,530 |  |  | 1,891 |  |  | 2,274,421 |
| 6,624,471 |  |  | 1,015,236 |  |  | 7,639,707 |  |  | 6,463,127 |  |  | 1,071,252 |  |  | 7,534,379 |
Allowance for credit losses | (150,849) |  |  | (6,452) |  |  | (157,301) |  |  | (152,610) |  |  | (8,496) |  |  | (161,106) |
Total loans held for investment, net | 6,473,622 |  |  | 1,008,784 |  |  | 7,482,406 |  |  | 6,310,517 |  |  | 1,062,756 |  |  | 7,373,273 |
Mortgage loans held-for-sale | 8,375 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other loans held-for-sale | 12,361 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,361 |  |  | 28,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,345 |
Total loans held-for-sale | 20,736 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,736 |  |  | 28,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,345 |
Total loans, net | $ | 6,494,358 |  |  | $ | 1,008,784 |  |  | $ | 7,503,142 |  |  | $ | 6,338,862 |  |  | $ | 1,062,756 |  |  | $ | 7,401,618 |

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, OFG sold $40.9 million commercial loans held-for-sale and recognized a $53 thousand gain, included in other non-interest income in the consolidated statement of operations. During the six month period ended June 30, 2023, OFG sold $86 thousand commercial loans held-for-sale with no gain or loss. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG had $12.4 million and $28.3 million, respectively, in commercial loans held-for-sale.
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG had carrying balances of $75.8 million and $68.6 million, respectively, in loans held-for-investment granted to the Puerto Rico government or its instrumentalities as part of the commercial loan segment. The Bank’s loans to the Puerto Rico government are general obligations of municipalities secured by ad valorem taxation, without limitation as to rate or amount, on all taxable property within the issuing municipalities in current status. The good faith, credit and unlimited taxing power of each issuing municipality are pledged for the payment of its general obligations.
The tables below present the aging of the amortized cost of loans held for investment at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by class of loans. Mortgage loans past due include $19.0 million and $19.4 million of delinquent loans in the GNMA buy-back option program at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Servicers of loans underlying GNMA mortgage-backed securities must report as their own assets the defaulted loans that they have the option (but not the obligation) to repurchase, even when they elect not to exercise that option.
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| June 30, 2024
| 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Loans 90+ Days Past Due and Still Accruing
| (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate | $ | 3,533 |  |  | $ | 2,189 |  |  | $ | 6,032 |  |  | $ | 11,754 |  |  | $ | 1,170,391 |  |  | $ | 1,182,145 |  |  | $ | — |
Other commercial and industrial | 704 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 3,890 |  |  | 4,907 |  |  | 1,104,701 |  |  | 1,109,608 |  |  | — |
| 4,237 |  |  | 2,502 |  |  | 9,922 |  |  | 16,661 |  |  | 2,275,092 |  |  | 2,291,753 |  |  | — |
Commercial US | 1,042 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,042 |  |  | 660,984 |  |  | 662,026 |  |  | — |
Total commercial loans | 5,279 |  |  | 2,502 |  |  | 9,922 |  |  | 17,703 |  |  | 2,936,076 |  |  | 2,953,779 |  |  | — |
Mortgage loans | 5,442 |  |  | 7,325 |  |  | 29,684 |  |  | 42,451 |  |  | 557,580 |  |  | 600,031 |  |  | 1,682 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | 6,904 |  |  | 4,766 |  |  | 2,569 |  |  | 14,239 |  |  | 580,032 |  |  | 594,271 |  |  | — |
Credit lines | 476 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 558 |  |  | 10,090 |  |  | 10,648 |  |  | — |
Credit cards | 542 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 722 |  |  | 1,545 |  |  | 36,837 |  |  | 38,382 |  |  | — |
Overdraft | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 271 |  |  | — |
| 7,985 |  |  | 5,117 |  |  | 3,303 |  |  | 16,405 |  |  | 627,167 |  |  | 643,572 |  |  | — |
Auto loans | 111,291 |  |  | 41,526 |  |  | 16,689 |  |  | 169,506 |  |  | 2,257,583 |  |  | 2,427,089 |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 129,997 |  |  | $ | 56,470 |  |  | $ | 59,598 |  |  | $ | 246,065 |  |  | $ | 6,378,406 |  |  | $ | 6,624,471 |  |  | $ | 1,682 |

| December 31, 2023
| 30-59 Day Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Loans 90+ Days Past Due and Still Accruing
| (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate | $ | 1,585 |  |  | $ | 411 |  |  | $ | 5,671 |  |  | $ | 7,667 |  |  | $ | 1,087,540 |  |  | $ | 1,095,207 |  |  | $ | — |
Other commercial and industrial | 1,366 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 4,974 |  |  | 6,631 |  |  | 1,084,390 |  |  | 1,091,021 |  |  | — |
| 2,951 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 10,645 |  |  | 14,298 |  |  | 2,171,930 |  |  | 2,186,228 |  |  | — |
Commercial US | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 755,228 |  |  | 755,228 |  |  | — |
Total commercial loans | 2,951 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 10,645 |  |  | 14,298 |  |  | 2,927,158 |  |  | 2,941,456 |  |  | — |
Mortgage loans | 6,107 |  |  | 9,596 |  |  | 31,557 |  |  | 47,260 |  |  | 581,987 |  |  | 629,247 |  |  | 2,478 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | 6,115 |  |  | 4,041 |  |  | 2,755 |  |  | 12,911 |  |  | 555,447 |  |  | 568,358 |  |  | — |
Credit lines | 137 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 10,719 |  |  | 10,926 |  |  | — |
Credit cards | 657 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 586 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 38,791 |  |  | 40,314 |  |  | — |
Overdraft | 87 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 101 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |
| 6,996 |  |  | 4,370 |  |  | 3,376 |  |  | 14,742 |  |  | 605,152 |  |  | 619,894 |  |  | — |
Auto loans | 101,610 |  |  | 46,071 |  |  | 19,056 |  |  | 166,737 |  |  | 2,105,793 |  |  | 2,272,530 |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 117,664 |  |  | $ | 60,739 |  |  | $ | 64,634 |  |  | $ | 243,037 |  |  | $ | 6,220,090 |  |  | $ | 6,463,127 |  |  | $ | 2,478 |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
As of December 31, 2023, total past due loans exclude $6.4 million of past due commercial loans held-for-sale, these loans were sold during the quarter ended June 30, 2024. There were no past due commercial loans held-for-sale as of June 30, 2024.
Upon adoption of the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) methodology, OFG elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. As such, purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans are not included in the preceding two tables.
Non-accrual Loans
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans held for investment on non-accrual status as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  |
| Non-accrual with Allowance for Credit Loss |  | Non-accrual with no Allowance for Credit Loss |  | Total |  | Non-accrual with Allowance for Credit Loss |  | Non-accrual with no Allowance for Credit Loss |  | Total |  |
| (In thousands) |  | (In thousands) |  |
Non-PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate | $ | 4,789 |  |  | $ | 12,865 |  |  | $ | 17,654 |  |  | $ | 3,553 |  |  | $ | 7,929 |  |  | $ | 11,482 |  |  |
Other commercial and industrial | 1,657 |  |  | 2,663 |  |  | 4,320 |  |  | 4,560 |  |  | 830 |  |  | 5,390 |  |  |
| 6,446 |  |  | 15,528 |  |  | 21,974 |  |  | 8,113 |  |  | 8,759 |  |  | 16,872 |  |  |
Commercial US | 12,503 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,503 |  |  | 19,224 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,224 |  |  |
Total Commercial loans | 18,949 |  |  | 15,528 |  |  | 34,477 |  |  | 27,337 |  |  | 8,759 |  |  | 36,096 |  |  |
Mortgage loans | 9,396 |  |  | 3,312 |  |  | 12,708 |  |  | 10,339 |  |  | 3,858 |  |  | 14,197 |  |  |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | 2,564 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 2,596 |  |  | 2,741 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2,755 |  |  |
Personal lines of credit | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  |
Credit cards | 721 |  |  | — |  |  | 721 |  |  | 586 |  |  | — |  |  | 586 |  |  |
| 3,297 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 3,329 |  |  | 3,362 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 3,376 |  |  |
Auto loans | 16,684 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 16,689 |  |  | 19,051 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 19,056 |  |  |
Total | $ | 48,326 |  |  | $ | 18,877 |  |  | $ | 67,203 |  |  | $ | 60,089 |  |  | $ | 12,636 |  |  | $ | 72,725 |  |  |
PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate | $ | 569 |  |  | $ | 3,468 |  |  | $ | 4,037 |  |  | $ | 3,060 |  |  | $ | 2,417 |  |  | $ | 5,477 |  |  |
Other commercial and industrial | — |  |  | 711 |  |  | 711 |  |  | — |  |  | 947 |  |  | 947 |  |  |
| 569 |  |  | 4,179 |  |  | 4,748 |  |  | 3,060 |  |  | 3,364 |  |  | 6,424 |  |  |
Mortgage loans | 244 |  |  | — |  |  | 244 |  |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |  |  |
Total | $ | 813 |  |  | $ | 4,179 |  |  | $ | 4,992 |  |  | $ | 3,310 |  |  | $ | 3,364 |  |  | $ | 6,674 |  |  |
Total non-accrual loans | $ | 49,139 |  |  | $ | 23,056 |  |  | $ | 72,195 |  |  | $ | 63,399 |  |  | $ | 16,000 |  |  | $ | 79,399 |  |  |

The determination of non-accrual or accrual status of PCD loans is made at the pool level, not the individual loan level.
For December 31, 2023, total commercial non-accrual loans excludes $6.4 million of non-accrual commercial loans held-for-sale, these loans were sold during the second quarter of 2024. There were no commercial non-accrual loans held-for-sale at June 30, 2024.
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Delinquent residential mortgage loans insured or guaranteed under applicable Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) and Veterans Administration (“VA”) programs are classified as non-performing loans when they become 90 days or more past due but are not placed in non-accrual status until they become 12 months or more past due, since they are insured loans. Therefore, those loans are included as non-performing loans but excluded from non-accrual loans.
Modifications to Debtors Experiencing Financial Difficulty
OFG’s loss mitigation program was designed to ensure that borrowers experiencing financial difficulties have the opportunity to continue paying their obligations. The loss mitigation alternatives are divided depending on the borrower’s hardship and its ability to continue with regular payment or with a new modified payment plan. The loss mitigation program provides alternatives for home retention or disposition options avoiding foreclosure proceedings and collateral retention.
OFG offers various types of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, interest or principal forbearance or forgiveness, or any combination of these types of concessions.
At June 30, 2024 and 2023, the amortized cost of modified loans excludes $1 thousand and $5 thousand, respectively, in accrued interest receivable. Accrued interest receivable on loans is included in the “accrued interest receivable” line in OFG’s consolidated statements of financial condition. The amortized cost of modified loans during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, includes $229 thousand and $4.2 million, respectively, of government-guaranteed loans (e.g., FHA/VA).
The following tables present the amortized cost basis as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 of loans held for investment that were modified during the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of concession granted.

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2024
| Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  | Principal Forbearance / Forgiveness |  | Combination of Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction |  | Combination of Term Extension and Principal Forgiveness / Forbearance
| Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable
| (Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | 595 |  | 0.04 | % |  | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | 92 |  | 0.01 | % |  | $ | — |  | — | %
Auto loans | 32 |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  | — | %
Total | $ | 32 |  |  |  | $ | 595 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2024
| Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  | Principal Forbearance / Forgiveness |  | Combination of Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction |  | Combination of Term Extension and Principal Forgiveness / Forbearance
| Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable
| (Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | 687 |  | 0.05 | % |  | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | 92 |  | 0.01 | % |  | $ | — |  | — | %
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | 26 |  | — | % |  | 7 |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | %
Auto loans | 32 |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | %
Total | $ | 58 |  |  |  | $ | 694 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  |  | — |  |

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2023
| Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  | Principal Forbearance / Forgiveness |  | Combination of Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction |  | Combination of Term Extension and Principal Forgiveness / Forbearance
| Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable
| (Dollars in thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | 5,341 |  | 0.48 | % |  | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  | — | %
Other commercial and industrial | — |  | — | % |  | 147 |  | 0.01 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  | — | %
| — |  | — | % |  | 5,488 |  | 0.20 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | %
Commercial US | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | 4,260 |  | 0.64 | %
Total Commercial loans | $ | — |  | — | % |  | 5,488 |  | 0.20 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | 4,260 |  | 0.64 | %
Mortgage loans | — |  | — | % |  | 1,827 |  | 0.11 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | 417 |  | 0.03 | % |  | $ | 431 |  | 0.03 | %
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | 58 |  | 0.01 | % |  | $ | — |  | — | %
Total | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 7,315 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 475 |  |  |  | $ | 4,691 |  |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2023
| Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  | Principal Forbearance / Forgiveness |  | Combination of Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction |  | Combination of Term Extension and Principal Forgiveness / Forbearance
| Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable |  | Amortized Cost Basis | % of Total Class of Financing Receivable
| (Dollars in thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | 5,810 |  | 0.52 | % |  | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  | — | %
Other commercial and industrial | — |  | — | % |  | 147 |  | 0.01 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  | — | %
| — |  | — | % |  | 5,957 |  | 0.21 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | %
Commercial US | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | 4,260 |  | 0.64 | %
Total Commercial loans | $ | — |  | — | % |  | 5,957 |  | 0.21 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | 4,260 |  | 0.64 | %
Mortgage loans | $ | — |  | — | % |  | 4,318 |  | 0.27 | % |  | $ | 100 |  | 0.01 | % |  | 602 |  | 0.02 | % |  | 431 |  | 0.03 | %
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | 84 |  | 0.02 | % |  | — |  | — | %
Total | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 10,275 |  |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  |  | $ | 686 |  |  |  | $ | 4,691 |  |

Our credit loss estimation methodology incorporates a lifetime approach, utilizing modeled loan performance based on the historical experience of loans with similar risk characteristics, adjusted for current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The model considers extensive historical loss experience, including the impact of loss mitigation programs offered to borrowers facing financial difficulty and projected loss severity from loan defaults, and is applied consistently across all portfolio segments. Additionally, our ACL is recorded on each asset upon origination or acquisition and is based on historical loss information, including modifications made to borrowers facing financial difficulty, and expected behavior. Changes to the ACL are generally not recorded upon modification, as the effects of most modifications are already considered in the estimation methodology. Refer to Note 5 – Allowance for Credit Losses for additional information.
The following tables present the financial effect of the modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The financial effect of the combined modifications is presented separately by type of modification.

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2024
| Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction |  | Weighted-Average Term Extension (In months) |  | Weighted-Average Forgiveness/Forbearance of Principal Amount (In thousands)
Mortgage loans | 0.38 | % |  | 178 |  | — |
Auto loans | 3.00 | % |  | 0 |  | — |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2024
| Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction |  | Weighted-Average Term Extension (In months) |  | Weighted-Average Forgiveness/Forbearance of Principal Amount (In thousands) |  |
Mortgage loans | 0.38 | % |  | 176 |  | — |  |  |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | 5.00 | % |  | 18 |  | — |  |  |
Auto loans | 3.00 | % |  | 0 |  | — |  |  |

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2023
| Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction |  | Weighted-Average Term Extension (In months) |  | Weighted-Average Forgiveness/Forbearance of Principal Amount (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans secured by real estate | — | % |  | 25 |  | $ | — |
Commercial US | — | % |  | 31 |  | 2,973 |
|  |  | 56 |  | $ | 2,973 |
Mortgage loans | 1.86 | % |  | 195 |  | 20 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | 1.25 | % |  | 110 |  | — |

| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2023
| Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction |  | Weighted-Average Term Extension (In months) |  | Weighted-Average Forgiveness/Forbearance of Principal Amount (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans secured by real estate | — | % |  | 24 |  | $ | — |
Commercial US | — | % |  | 31 |  | $ | 2,973 |
| — | % |  | 56 |  | $ | 2,973 |
Mortgage loans | 2.04 | % |  | 206 |  | $ | 24 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | 2.50 | % |  | 81 |  | — |

The following table presents the amortized cost basis as of June 30, 2024 of loans held for investment that had a payment default subsequent to being granted a modification to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the prior twelve-months.

| Twelve-Months Ended June 30, 2024
| Amortized Cost Basis of Modified Financing Receivables that Subsequently Defaulted |  |
| Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  | Principal Forgiveness/Forbearance |  | Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction |  | Total |  |
| (In thousands) |  |
Mortgage loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The following table presents the amortized cost basis as of June 30, 2023 of loans held for investment that had a payment default subsequent to being granted a modification to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the six-month period ended June 30, 2023.

| Six-Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Amortized Cost Basis of Modified Financing Receivables that Subsequently Defaulted |  |
| Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  | Principal Forgiveness/Forbearance |  | Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction |  | Total |  |
| (In thousands) |  |
Mortgage loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  |

A payment default for a financial difficulty modification loan is defined as reaching 90 days past due with respect to principal and/or interest payments or when the borrower missed three consecutive monthly payments since modification. Payment defaults is one of the factors considered when projecting future cash flows in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses of loans.
OFG closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the payment status of loans that have been modified in the twelve-months period ended June 30, 2024 and in the six-month period ended June 30, 2023 that were granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

| June 30, 2024
| 30-59 Day Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Commercial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans secured by real estate | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 136 |
Other commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 626 |  |  | 626 |
| — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 762 |  |  | 762 |
Commercial US | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,711 |  |  | 2,711 |
| — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,473 |  |  | 3,473 |
Mortgage loans | 315 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 1,983 |  |  | 2,435 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |  |  | 70 |
Auto loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |  |  | 138 |
Total | $ | 315 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 5,664 |  |  | $ | 6,116 |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| June 30, 2023
| 30-59 Day Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans secured by real estate | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,810 |  |  | $ | 5,810 |
Other commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |  |  | 147 |
Commercial US | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,260 |  |  | 4,260 |
| — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,217 |  |  | 10,217 |
Mortgage loans | — |  |  | 122 |  |  | 415 |  |  | 537 |  |  | 4,914 |  |  | 5,451 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 84 |  |  | 84 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | 15,215 |  |  | $ | 15,752 |

There were no outstanding commitments to lend additional funds to debtors experiencing financial difficulties at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the recorded investment on residential mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure amounted to $16.7 million and $24.1 million, respectively. OFG commences the foreclosure process on residential real estate loans when a borrower becomes 120 days delinquent. Puerto Rico and the USVI require the foreclosure to be processed through their respective courts. Foreclosure timelines vary according to local law and investor guidelines. Occasionally, foreclosures may be delayed due to, among other reasons, mandatory mediation, bankruptcy, court delays and property title issues.
Collateral-dependent Loans
The table below presents the amortized cost of commercial collateral-dependent loans held for investment at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by class of loans.

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |
Commercial loans secured by real estate | $ | 13,772 |  |  | $ | 8,027 |

PCD loans, except for single-pooled loans, are not included in the table above as their unit of account is the loan pool.
Credit Quality Indicators
OFG categorizes its loans into loan grades based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debts, such as economic conditions, portfolio risk characteristics, prior loss experience, and the results of periodic credit reviews of individual loans.
OFG uses the following definitions for loan grades:
Pass: Loans classified as “pass” have a well-defined primary source of repayment very likely to be sufficient, with no apparent risk, strong financial position, minimal operating risk, profitability, liquidity and capitalization better than industry standards.
Special Mention: Loans classified as “special mention” have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Substandard: Loans classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful: Loans classified as “doubtful” have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, questionable and improbable.
Loss: Loans classified as “loss” are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.
Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the process described above are considered to be pass loans.
As of June 30, 2024, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans held for investment subject to risk rating by class of loans, and current year-to-date period gross charge-offs by year of origination is as follows:
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Total
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  |
|  | (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 110,497 |  |  | $ | 221,993 |  |  | $ | 223,863 |  |  | $ | 193,443 |  |  | $ | 109,474 |  |  | $ | 208,712 |  |  | $ | 61,271 |  |  | $ | 1,129,253 |
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,298 |  |  | 6,375 |  |  | 4,702 |  |  | 13,031 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 31,519 |
Substandard |  | — |  |  | 745 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 1,400 |  |  | 1,206 |  |  | 15,940 |  |  | 1,628 |  |  | 21,373 |
Doubtful |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial secured by real estate |  | 110,497 |  |  | 222,738 |  |  | 231,615 |  |  | 201,218 |  |  | 115,382 |  |  | 237,683 |  |  | 63,012 |  |  | 1,182,145 |
Commercial secured by real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Other commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 74,157 |  |  | 282,784 |  |  | 71,959 |  |  | 54,624 |  |  | 29,347 |  |  | 17,785 |  |  | 524,959 |  |  | 1,055,615 |
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 2,695 |  |  | 45,033 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 1,060 |  |  | 48,942 |
Substandard |  | — |  |  | 142 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 914 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 1,023 |  |  | 2,433 |  |  | 5,051 |
Doubtful |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total other commercial and industrial: |  | 74,157 |  |  | 282,931 |  |  | 74,967 |  |  | 100,571 |  |  | 29,575 |  |  | 18,955 |  |  | 528,452 |  |  | 1,109,608 |
Other commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | 114 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 3,307 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,719 |
Commercial US: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 35,163 |  |  | 131,419 |  |  | 49,463 |  |  | 59,225 |  |  | 29,467 |  |  | 29,215 |  |  | 285,887 |  |  | 619,839 |
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,841 |  |  | 9,841 |
Substandard |  | 6,532 |  |  | 6,730 |  |  | 2,728 |  |  | 7,613 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,698 |  |  | 635 |  |  | 29,936 |
Doubtful |  | 2,410 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,410 |
Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Commercial US: |  | 44,105 |  |  | 138,149 |  |  | 52,191 |  |  | 66,838 |  |  | 29,467 |  |  | 34,913 |  |  | 296,363 |  |  | 662,026 |
Commercial US: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 392 |  |  | 1,749 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,183 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,324 |
Total commercial loans |  | $ | 228,759 |  |  | $ | 643,818 |  |  | $ | 358,773 |  |  | $ | 368,627 |  |  | $ | 174,424 |  |  | $ | 291,551 |  |  | $ | 887,827 |  |  | $ | 2,953,779 |
Total YTD gross charge-offs |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 629 |  |  | $ | 5,056 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,050 |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
As of December 31, 2023, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans held for investment subject to risk rating by class of loans is as follows:

|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Total
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  |
|  | (In thousands)
Commercial PR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial secured by real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 224,598 |  |  | $ | 216,205 |  |  | $ | 195,884 |  |  | $ | 120,489 |  |  | $ | 80,671 |  |  | $ | 131,016 |  |  | $ | 65,873 |  |  | $ | 1,034,736 |
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | 1,772 |  |  | 6,554 |  |  | 5,057 |  |  | 15,676 |  |  | 12,500 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 41,712 |
Substandard |  | — |  |  | 459 |  |  | 1,386 |  |  | 1,109 |  |  | 2,615 |  |  | 11,939 |  |  | 1,236 |  |  | 18,744 |
Doubtful |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial secured by real estate |  | 224,598 |  |  | 218,436 |  |  | 203,824 |  |  | 126,655 |  |  | 98,962 |  |  | 155,470 |  |  | 67,262 |  |  | 1,095,207 |
Commercial secured by real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 265 |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | 820 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,179 |
Other commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 284,615 |  |  | 99,522 |  |  | 113,760 |  |  | 37,665 |  |  | 7,438 |  |  | 14,836 |  |  | 527,008 |  |  | 1,084,844 |
Special Mention |  | 8 |  |  | 2,953 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,112 |
Substandard |  | 3 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 826 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 935 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 3,065 |
Doubtful |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total other commercial and industrial: |  | 284,626 |  |  | 102,948 |  |  | 114,586 |  |  | 37,924 |  |  | 8,424 |  |  | 15,122 |  |  | 527,391 |  |  | 1,091,021 |
Other commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | 124 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1,180 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,497 |
Commercial US: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 142,222 |  |  | 63,885 |  |  | 69,233 |  |  | 31,206 |  |  | 28,202 |  |  | 8,085 |  |  | 358,757 |  |  | 701,590 |
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | 7,803 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,913 |  |  | 28,716 |
Substandard |  | 10,832 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,699 |  |  | 8,391 |  |  | 24,922 |
Doubtful |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Commercial US: |  | 153,054 |  |  | 71,688 |  |  | 69,233 |  |  | 31,206 |  |  | 28,202 |  |  | 13,784 |  |  | 388,061 |  |  | 755,228 |
Commercial US: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | 33 |  |  | 1,156 |  |  | 642 |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,637 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,515 |
Total commercial loans |  | $ | 662,278 |  |  | $ | 393,072 |  |  | $ | 387,643 |  |  | $ | 195,785 |  |  | $ | 135,588 |  |  | $ | 184,376 |  |  | $ | 982,714 |  |  | $ | 2,941,456 |
Total YTD gross charge-offs |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 2,002 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 10,637 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,191 |

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Table of Contents
OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of revolving commercial loans converted to term loans was $177.7 million and $144.1 million, respectively.
OFG considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the ACL. For mortgage and consumer loan classes, OFG also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the amortized cost in mortgage and consumer loans held for investment based on payment activity as of June 30, 2024:
31

Table of Contents
OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Total
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  |
|  | (In thousands)
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 10,304 |  |  | $ | 17,149 |  |  | $ | 19,296 |  |  | $ | 22,321 |  |  | $ | 15,094 |  |  | $ | 498,542 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 582,706 |
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | 650 |  |  | — |  |  | 172 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 16,398 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,325 |
Total mortgage loans: |  | 10,304 |  |  | 17,799 |  |  | 19,296 |  |  | 22,493 |  |  | 15,199 |  |  | 514,940 |  |  | — |  |  | 600,031 |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65 |  |  | — |  |  | 65 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | 140,402 |  |  | 223,895 |  |  | 146,898 |  |  | 52,589 |  |  | 14,925 |  |  | 12,966 |  |  | — |  |  | 591,675 |
Nonperforming |  | 69 |  |  | 820 |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,596 |
Total personal loans |  | 140,471 |  |  | 224,715 |  |  | 148,003 |  |  | 53,005 |  |  | 15,001 |  |  | 13,076 |  |  | — |  |  | 594,271 |
Personal loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | 56 |  |  | 4,355 |  |  | 6,759 |  |  | 2,036 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 735 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,366 |
Credit lines: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,636 |  |  | 10,636 |
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Total credit lines |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,648 |  |  | 10,648 |
Credit lines: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |  |  | 88 |
Credit cards: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,661 |  |  | 37,661 |
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 721 |  |  | 721 |
Total credit cards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,382 |  |  | 38,382 |
Credit cards: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | 1,165 |
Overdrafts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 271 |  |  | 271 |
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total overdrafts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 271 |  |  | 271 |
Overdrafts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 542 |  |  | 542 |
Total consumer loans |  | 140,471 |  |  | 224,715 |  |  | 148,003 |  |  | 53,005 |  |  | 15,001 |  |  | 13,076 |  |  | 49,301 |  |  | 643,572 |
Total consumer loans YTD gross charge-offs |  | 56 |  |  | 4,355 |  |  | 6,759 |  |  | 2,036 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 735 |  |  | 1,795 |  |  | 16,161 |
Total mortgage and consumer loans |  | $ | 150,775 |  |  | $ | 242,514 |  |  | $ | 167,299 |  |  | $ | 75,498 |  |  | $ | 30,200 |  |  | $ | 528,016 |  |  | $ | 49,301 |  |  | $ | 1,243,603 |
Total mortgage and consumer loans YTD gross charge-offs |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 4,355 |  |  | $ | 6,759 |  |  | $ | 2,036 |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 1,795 |  |  | $ | 16,226 |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The following table presents the amortized cost in mortgage and consumer loans held for investment based on payment activity as of December 31, 2023:

|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Total
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  |
|  | (In thousands)
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 24,623 |  |  | $ | 19,722 |  |  | $ | 23,303 |  |  | $ | 15,821 |  |  | $ | 14,589 |  |  | $ | 511,182 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 609,240 |
Nonperforming |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | 181 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 479 |  |  | 19,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,007 |
Total mortgage loans: |  | 24,623 |  |  | 19,722 |  |  | 23,484 |  |  | 15,929 |  |  | 15,068 |  |  | 530,421 |  |  | — |  |  | 629,247 |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | $ | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 755 |  |  | — |  |  | 759 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | 270,883 |  |  | 186,612 |  |  | 68,133 |  |  | 19,185 |  |  | 14,460 |  |  | 6,330 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 565,603 |
Nonperforming |  | 503 |  |  | 1,588 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,755 |
Total personal loans |  | 271,386 |  |  | 188,200 |  |  | 68,437 |  |  | 19,378 |  |  | 14,526 |  |  | 6,431 |  |  | — |  |  | 568,358 |
Personal loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | 1,748 |  |  | 10,512 |  |  | 4,661 |  |  | 830 |  |  | 1,384 |  |  | 731 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,866 |
Credit lines: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,891 |  |  | $ | 10,891 |
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
Total credit lines |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,926 |  |  | 10,926 |
Credit lines: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 419 |  |  | 419 |
Credit cards: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,728 |  |  | $ | 39,728 |
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 586 |  |  | 586 |
Total credit cards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,314 |  |  | 40,314 |
Credit cards: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,825 |  |  | 2,825 |
Overdrafts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 296 |  |  | $ | 296 |
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total overdrafts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 296 |  |  | 296 |
Overdrafts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 545 |  |  | 545 |
Total consumer loans |  | 271,383 |  |  | 188,200 |  |  | 68,437 |  |  | 19,378 |  |  | 14,526 |  |  | 6,431 |  |  | 51,536 |  |  | 619,894 |
Total consumer loans YTD gross charge-offs |  | 1,748 |  |  | 10,512 |  |  | 4,661 |  |  | 830 |  |  | 1,384 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 3,789 |  |  | 23,655 |
Total mortgage and consumer loans |  | $ | 296,009 |  |  | $ | 207,922 |  |  | $ | 91,921 |  |  | $ | 35,307 |  |  | $ | 29,594 |  |  | $ | 536,852 |  |  | $ | 51,536 |  |  | $ | 1,249,141 |
Total mortgage and consumer loans YTD gross charge-offs |  | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 10,516 |  |  | $ | 4,661 |  |  | $ | 830 |  |  | $ | 1,384 |  |  | $ | 1,486 |  |  | $ | 3,789 |  |  | $ | 24,414 |

33

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
At June 30, 2024, the balance of revolving mortgage and consumer loans that converted to term loans was $788 thousand. At December 31, 2023, there were no mortgage and consumer revolving loans that converted to term loans.
OFG evaluates credit quality for auto loans based on FICO score. The following table presents the amortized cost in auto loans held for investment based on their most recent FICO score as of June 30, 2024:

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  | Total |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  |  |
| (In thousands) |  |
Auto loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FICO score: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1-660 | 72,253 |  |  | 193,855 |  |  | 178,546 |  |  | 106,187 |  |  | 48,537 |  |  | 56,594 |  |  | 655,972 |  |  |
661-699 | 86,699 |  |  | 148,429 |  |  | 88,989 |  |  | 45,869 |  |  | 20,872 |  |  | 22,658 |  |  | 413,516 |  |  |
700+ | 265,909 |  |  | 443,723 |  |  | 282,292 |  |  | 157,960 |  |  | 84,776 |  |  | 98,252 |  |  | 1,332,912 |  |  |
No FICO | 2,901 |  |  | 7,107 |  |  | 6,117 |  |  | 4,014 |  |  | 1,759 |  |  | 2,791 |  |  | 24,689 |  |  |
Total auto loans | $ | 427,762 |  |  | $ | 793,114 |  |  | $ | 555,944 |  |  | $ | 314,030 |  |  | $ | 155,944 |  |  | $ | 180,295 |  |  | $ | 2,427,089 |  |  |
Auto loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 9,196 |  |  | $ | 9,310 |  |  | $ | 3,889 |  |  | $ | 1,784 |  |  | $ | 2,461 |  |  | $ | 26,777 |  |  |

The following table presents the amortized cost in auto loans held for investment based on their most recent FICO score as of December 31, 2023:

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  | Total
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |
| (In thousands)
Auto loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FICO score: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1-660 | 170,639 |  |  | 190,743 |  |  | 118,821 |  |  | 57,087 |  |  | 41,124 |  |  | 38,570 |  |  | 616,984 |
661-699 | 169,430 |  |  | 110,260 |  |  | 58,166 |  |  | 25,886 |  |  | 18,253 |  |  | 16,137 |  |  | 398,132 |
700+ | 474,005 |  |  | 323,514 |  |  | 183,286 |  |  | 103,886 |  |  | 88,929 |  |  | 58,779 |  |  | 1,232,399 |
No FICO | 6,203 |  |  | 6,537 |  |  | 4,592 |  |  | 2,200 |  |  | 3,886 |  |  | 1,597 |  |  | 25,015 |
Total auto loans | $ | 820,277 |  |  | $ | 631,054 |  |  | $ | 364,865 |  |  | $ | 189,059 |  |  | $ | 152,192 |  |  | $ | 115,083 |  |  | $ | 2,272,530 |
Auto loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
YTD gross charge-offs | $ | 4,090 |  |  | $ | 18,142 |  |  | $ | 10,894 |  |  | $ | 4,008 |  |  | $ | 3,380 |  |  | $ | 3,250 |  |  | $ | 43,764 |

Upon adoption of CECL, OFG elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. As such, PCD loans are not included in the preceding two tables.
As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $64.0 million and $63.5 million, respectively, and is included in the accrued interest receivable line in OFG’s consolidated statements of financial condition. Refer to “Note 9 – Accrued Interest Receivable and Other Assets” for more information on accrued interest receivable on loans.
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
NOTE 5 – ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
OFG measures its ACL based on management’s best estimate of lifetime expected credit losses inherent in OFG’s relevant financial assets. The ACL is estimated using quantitative methods that consider a variety of factors such as historical loss experience, the current credit quality of the portfolio, and an economic outlook over the life of the loan. Also included in the ACL are qualitative reserves to cover losses that are expected but, in OFG’s assessment, may not be adequately represented in the quantitative methods or the economic assumptions. In its loss forecasting framework, OFG incorporates forward-looking information through the use of macroeconomic scenarios applied over the forecasted life of the assets. The scenarios that are chosen each quarter and the amount of weight given to each scenario depend on a variety of factors, including recent economic events, leading economic indicators, views of internal as well as third-party economists and industry trends. For more information on OFG’s credit loss accounting policies, including the allowance for credit losses, see “Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in OFG’s 2023 Form 10-K.
At June 30, 2024, OFG used an economic probability-weighted scenario approach consisting of the baseline and moderate recession scenarios, giving more weight to the baseline scenario, except for the US loan segment that uses a higher probability level in the moderate recessionary scenario. In addition, the ACL at June 30, 2024 continues to include qualitative reserves for certain segments that OFG views as higher risk that may not be fully recognized through its quantitative models, such as auto loan portfolio credit trends and the evolution of risk ratings applied to the commercial loans and collateral changes in real estate portfolios. There are still many unknown variables, including the results of the government’s fiscal and monetary actions resulting from the effect of inflation and geopolitical tension.
As of June 30, 2024, the ACL decreased by $3.8 million compared to December 31, 2023. The provision for credit losses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, reflected adjustments of $26.4 million related to loan volume, $4.5 million from loss rate model and $2.9 million in specific reserves, offset by a $4.9 million release from economic model.
The net charge-offs for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $34.8 million, an increase of $18.1 million when compared to the same period of 2023. The increase is mainly due to $11.5 million from auto loans, $6.2 million from consumer loans and $1.2 million from commercial loans, mainly from higher loan volume. Net charge-offs for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 include $3.5 million from retail commercial loans, mainly from previously and fully-reserved nonperforming paycheck protection program (“PPP”) loans.
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The following tables present the activity in OFG’s allowance for credit losses by segment for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2024
| Commercial |  | Mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Auto |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Non-PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 37,371 |  |  | $ | 7,627 |  |  | $ | 27,453 |  |  | $ | 76,316 |  |  | $ | 148,767 |
(Recapture of) provision for credit losses | (1,984) |  |  | (1,280) |  |  | 9,308 |  |  | 11,039 |  |  | 17,083 |
Charge-offs | (1,734) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (8,180) |  |  | (12,559) |  |  | (22,474) |
Recoveries | 156 |  |  | 540 |  |  | 851 |  |  | 5,926 |  |  | 7,473 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 33,809 |  |  | $ | 6,886 |  |  | $ | 29,432 |  |  | $ | 80,722 |  |  | $ | 150,849 |
PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,133 |  |  | $ | 6,638 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 7,796 |
Recapture of credit losses | (237) |  |  | (1,060) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (29) |  |  | (1,332) |
Charge-offs | (265) |  |  | (29) |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (300) |
Recoveries | 158 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 288 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 6,452 |
Total allowance for credit losses at end of period | $ | 34,598 |  |  | $ | 12,528 |  |  | $ | 29,440 |  |  | $ | 80,735 |  |  | $ | 157,301 |
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2024
| Commercial |  | Mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Auto |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Non-PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 44,041 |  |  | $ | 7,998 |  |  | $ | 27,086 |  |  | $ | 73,485 |  |  | $ | 152,610 |
(Recapture of) provision for credit losses | (3,390) |  |  | (1,854) |  |  | 16,963 |  |  | 22,117 |  |  | 33,836 |
Charge-offs | (7,050) |  |  | (65) |  |  | (16,161) |  |  | (26,777) |  |  | (50,053) |
Recoveries | 208 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 1,544 |  |  | 11,897 |  |  | 14,456 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 33,809 |  |  | $ | 6,886 |  |  | $ | 29,432 |  |  | $ | 80,722 |  |  | $ | 150,849 |
PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 7,351 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 8,496 |
Recapture of credit losses | (374) |  |  | (2,328) |  |  | (29) |  |  | (85) |  |  | (2,816) |
Charge-offs | (265) |  |  | (112) |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  | (392) |
Recoveries | 315 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 1,164 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 5,642 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 6,452 |
Total allowance for credit losses at end of period | $ | 34,598 |  |  | $ | 12,528 |  |  | $ | 29,440 |  |  | $ | 80,735 |  |  | $ | 157,301 |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2023
| Commercial |  | Mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Auto |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Non-PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 37,774 |  |  | $ | 9,083 |  |  | $ | 24,664 |  |  | $ | 69,864 |  |  | $ | 141,385 |
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses | 14,089 |  |  | (556) |  |  | 4,517 |  |  | (1,800) |  |  | 16,250 |
Charge-offs | (3,496) |  |  | (191) |  |  | (5,518) |  |  | (9,169) |  |  | (18,374) |
Recoveries | 237 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 2,003 |  |  | 8,332 |  |  | 10,906 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 48,604 |  |  | $ | 8,670 |  |  | $ | 25,666 |  |  | $ | 67,227 |  |  | $ | 150,167 |
PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,693 |  |  | $ | 8,717 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 10,499 |
(Recapture of) provision for credit losses | (604) |  |  | (679) |  |  | 78 |  |  | (401) |  |  | (1,606) |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (124) |  |  | (34) |  |  | (159) |
Recoveries | 319 |  |  | 260 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 1,022 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,408 |  |  | $ | 8,297 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 9,756 |
Total allowance for credit losses at end of period | $ | 50,012 |  |  | $ | 16,967 |  |  | $ | 25,674 |  |  | $ | 67,270 |  |  | $ | 159,923 |
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2023
| Commercial |  | Mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Auto |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Non-PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 39,158 |  |  | $ | 9,571 |  |  | $ | 23,264 |  |  | $ | 69,848 |  |  | $ | 141,841 |
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses | 13,754 |  |  | (1,059) |  |  | 10,491 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 24,282 |
Charge-offs | (4,871) |  |  | (392) |  |  | (10,958) |  |  | (18,648) |  |  | (34,869) |
Recoveries | 563 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 2,869 |  |  | 14,931 |  |  | 18,913 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 48,604 |  |  | $ | 8,670 |  |  | $ | 25,666 |  |  | $ | 67,227 |  |  | $ | 150,167 |
PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,388 |  |  | $ | 9,359 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 10,832 |
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses | 1,316 |  |  | (1,493) |  |  | 278 |  |  | (408) |  |  | (307) |
Charge-offs | (2,104) |  |  | (76) |  |  | (337) |  |  | (121) |  |  | (2,638) |
Recoveries | 808 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 1,869 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,408 |  |  | $ | 8,297 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 9,756 |
Total allowance for credit losses at end of period | $ | 50,012 |  |  | $ | 16,967 |  |  | $ | 25,674 |  |  | $ | 67,270 |  |  | $ | 159,923 |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
NOTE 6 — FORECLOSED REAL ESTATE
The following table presents the activity related to foreclosed real estate for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 10,850 |  |  | $ | 9,250 |  |  | $ | 10,780 |  |  | $ | 11,214 |  |  |
Additions | 706 |  |  | 3,196 |  |  | 2,051 |  |  | $ | 4,634 |  |  |
Sales | (5,104) |  |  | (3,072) |  |  | (6,930) |  |  | $ | (6,653) |  |  |
Decline in value | (131) |  |  | (272) |  |  | (301) |  |  | $ | (400) |  |  |
Other adjustments | 205 |  |  | 1,537 |  |  | 926 |  |  | $ | 1,844 |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 6,526 |  |  | $ | 10,639 |  |  | $ | 6,526 |  |  | $ | 10,639 |  |  |

NOTE 7 - SERVICING ASSETS
OFG periodically sells or securitizes mortgage loans while retaining the obligation to perform the servicing of such loans. In addition, OFG may purchase or assume the right to service mortgage loans originated by others. Whenever OFG undertakes an obligation to service a loan, management assesses whether a servicing asset and/or liability should be recognized. A servicing asset is recognized whenever the compensation for servicing is expected to more than adequately compensate OFG for servicing the loans. Likewise, a servicing liability would be recognized in the event that servicing fees to be received are not expected to adequately compensate OFG for its expected cost.
At June 30, 2024, the fair value of mortgage servicing rights was $49.8 million ($49.5 million — December 31, 2023).
The following table presents the changes in servicing rights measured using the fair value method for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands)
Fair value at beginning of period | $ | 49,553 |  |  | $ | 49,345 |  |  | $ | 49,520 |  |  | $ | 50,921 |  |  |
Servicing from mortgage securitization or asset transfers | 303 |  |  | 791 |  |  | 830 |  |  | 1,365 |  |  |
Changes due to payments on loans | (732) |  |  | (1,085) |  |  | (1,652) |  |  | (2,150) |  |  |
Changes in fair value due to changes in valuation model inputs or assumptions | 665 |  |  | 915 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  | (170) |  |  |
Fair value at end of period | $ | 49,789 |  |  | $ | 49,966 |  |  | $ | 49,789 |  |  | $ | 49,966 |  |  |

The following table presents key economic assumption ranges used in measuring the mortgage-related servicing asset fair value as of June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
Constant prepayment rate | 1.49% - 11.45% |  | 3.49% - 21.68% |  |
Discount rate | 10.00% - 15.50% |  | 10.00% - 15.50% |  |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The sensitivity of the current fair value of servicing assets to immediate 10 percent and 20 percent adverse changes in the above key assumptions were as follows:

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands) |  |
Mortgage-related servicing asset |  |  |  |  |
Carrying value of mortgage servicing asset | $ | 49,789 |  |  | 49,520 |  |  |
Weighted average life (in years) | 7.3 |  | 7.3 |  |
Constant prepayment rate |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in fair value due to 10% adverse change | $ | (924) |  |  | $ | (928) |  |  |
Decrease in fair value due to 20% adverse change | $ | (1,812) |  |  | $ | (1,821) |  |  |
Discount rate |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in fair value due to 10% adverse change | $ | (2,021) |  |  | $ | (1,999) |  |  |
Decrease in fair value due to 20% adverse change | $ | (3,898) |  |  | $ | (3,856) |  |  |

These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures indicate, changes in fair value based on a 10% variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interest is calculated without changing any other assumption.
Changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or offset the sensitivities. Mortgage banking activities, a component of total banking and financial service revenue in the consolidated statements of operations, include the changes from period to period in the fair value of the mortgage loan servicing rights, which may result from changes in the valuation model inputs or assumptions (principally reflecting changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions) and other changes, including changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows.
Servicing fee income is based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal balance and is recorded as income when earned and included in the mortgage banking activities section in the consolidated statement of operations. Servicing fees on mortgage loans for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $4.5 million and $4.8 million, respectively. Servicing fees on mortgage loans for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $8.9 million and $9.8 million, respectively.
NOTE 8 — GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill by reportable business segment is included in the table below. Refer to “Note 22 – Business Segments” for additional information on OFG’s reportable business segments.

| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total
| (In thousands)
December 31, 2023 | $ | 84,063 |  |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 84,241 |
June 30, 2024 | $ | 84,063 |  |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 84,241 |

There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. There were no accumulated impairment losses at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Relevant events and circumstances for evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting segment is less than its carrying amount may include macroeconomic conditions (such as deterioration of the Puerto Rico economy or the liquidity for Puerto Rico securities or loans secured by assets in Puerto Rico), adverse changes in legal factors or in the business climate, adverse actions by a regulator, unanticipated competition, the loss of key employees, natural disasters, or similar events.
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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
OFG performed its annual impairment review of goodwill during the fourth quarter of 2023 using October 31, 2023 as the annual evaluation date and concluded that there was no impairment at December 31, 2023. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, OFG performed an assessment of events or circumstances that could trigger reductions in the book value of the goodwill. Based on this assessment, no impairments were identified at June 30, 2024.
The following table reflects the components of other intangible assets subject to amortization at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

|  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value
|  | (In thousands)
June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangibles |  | $ | 41,507 |  |  | $ | 27,923 |  |  | $ | 13,584 |
Customer relationship intangibles |  | 12,693 |  |  | 8,539 |  |  | 4,154 |
Total other intangible assets |  | $ | 54,200 |  |  | $ | 36,462 |  |  | $ | 17,738 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangibles |  | $ | 41,507 |  |  | $ | 25,659 |  |  | $ | 15,848 |
Customer relationship intangibles |  | 12,693 |  |  | 7,847 |  |  | 4,846 |
Total other intangible assets |  | $ | 54,200 |  |  | $ | 33,506 |  |  | $ | 20,694 |

In connection with previous acquisitions, OFG recorded core deposit intangibles representing the value of checking and savings deposits acquired. In addition, OFG recorded customer relationship intangibles representing the value of customer relationships acquired with its acquisitions of insurance agencies. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, OFG performed an assessment of events or circumstances that could trigger reductions in the book value of other intangible assets. Based on this assessment, no impairments were identified at June 30, 2024.
Other intangible assets have a definite useful life. Amortization of other intangible assets for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Amortization of other intangible assets for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, was $3.0 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
The following table presents the estimated amortization of other intangible assets for each of the following periods.

Year Ending December 31, | (In thousands)
2024 | 5,913 |
2025 | 4,927 |
2026 | 3,942 |
2027 | 2,956 |
2028 | 1,971 |
Thereafter | 985 |

NOTE 9 — ACCRUED INTEREST RECEIVABLE AND OTHER ASSETS
Accrued interest receivable at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consists of the following:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Loans | $ | 64,049 |  |  | $ | 63,526 |
Investments | 8,920 |  |  | 7,874 |
| $ | 72,969 |  |  | $ | 71,400 |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Accrued interest receivable on loans that participated in the Hurricane Fiona and Covid-19 deferral programs amounted to $19.5 million at June 30, 2024, of which $18.7 million corresponded to loans in current status, and $20.2 million at December 31, 2023, of which $18.2 million corresponded to loans in current status. OFG estim ates expected credit losses on accrued interest receivable for loans that participated in moratorium programs. An allowance has been established for loans with delinquency status in 30 to 89 days past due and is calculated by applying the corresponding loan projected loss factors to the accrued interest receivable balance. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the ACL for accrued interest receivable for loans that participated in moratorium programs amounted to $92 thousand and $85 thousand, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable in the statement of financial condition.
Other assets at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consist of the following:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Prepaid expenses | $ | 88,481 |  |  | $ | 63,040 |
Other repossessed assets | 5,713 |  |  | 4,032 |
Accounts receivable and other assets | 56,760 |  |  | 47,859 |
| $ | 150,954 |  |  | $ | 114,931 |

Prepaid expenses amounting to $88.5 million at June 30, 2024, include prepaid municipal, property and income taxes aggregating to $76.6 million. At December 31, 2023 prepaid expenses amounted to $63.0 million, including prepaid municipal, property and income taxes aggregating to $54.7 million.
Other repossessed assets totaled $5.7 million and $4.0 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and consist of repossessed automobiles, which are recorded at their net realizable value.
NOTE 10 — DEPOSITS AND RELATED INTEREST
Total deposits, including related accrued interest payable, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consist of the following:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 2,608,902 |  |  | $ | 2,537,431 |
Interest-bearing savings and demand deposits | 5,410,804 |  |  | 5,601,099 |
Retail certificates of deposit | 1,142,257 |  |  | 1,083,316 |
Institutional certificates of deposit | 442,869 |  |  | 378,143 |
Total core deposits | 9,604,832 |  |  | 9,599,989 |
Brokered deposits | 418 |  |  | 162,180 |
Total deposits | $ | 9,605,250 |  |  | $ | 9,762,169 |

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of uninsured deposits was $4.979 billion (52% of total deposits) and $4.885 billion (50.0% of total deposits), respectively.
The weighted average interest rate of OFG’s deposits was 1.50% and 0.88%, respectively, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Interest expense for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

| Quarter Ended June 30, | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
|  |  |  | (In thousands)
Demand and savings deposits | $ | 26,682 |  |  | $ | 10,423 |  | $ | 52,748 |  |  | $ | 19,092 |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | 11,130 |  |  | 5,493 |  | 21,856 |  |  | 9,321 |  |  |
| $ | 37,812 |  |  | $ | 15,916 |  | $ | 74,604 |  |  | $ | 28,413 |  |  |

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OFG BANCORP
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, time deposits in denominations of $250 thousand or higher, excluding accrued interest and unamortized discounts, amounted to $867.3 million and $747.2 million, respectively.
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total public fund deposits from various Puerto Rico government municipalities, agencies and corporations amounted to $1.577 billion and $1.616 billion, respectively. These public funds were collateralized with securities and commercial loans amounting to $1.679 billion and $1.645 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Excluding accrued interest of approximately $1.8 million and $3.0 million, the scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

June 30, 2024 |
| Period-end amount |  | Uninsured amount
| (In thousands)
Within one year: |  |  |
Three months or less | $ | 312,747 |  |  | $ | 137,864 |
Over 3 months through 6 months | 227,691 |  |  | 95,415 |
Over 6 months through 1 year | 590,451 |  |  | 250,814 |
| 1,130,889 |  |  | 484,093 |
Over 1 through 2 years | 308,181 |  |  | 93,103 |
Over 2 through 3 years | 66,580 |  |  | 7,465 |
Over 3 through 4 years | 38,804 |  |  | 1,699 |
Over 4 through 5 years | 38,808 |  |  | 4,971 |
Over 5 years | 527 |  |  | — |
| $ | 1,583,789 |  |  | $ | 591,331 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |
| Period-end amount |  | Uninsured amount
| (In thousands)
Within one year: |  |  |
Three months or less | $ | 457,533 |  |  | $ | 115,392 |
Over 3 months through 6 months | 195,902 |  |  | 61,245 |
Over 6 months through 1 year | 329,758 |  |  | 113,524 |
| 983,193 |  |  | 290,161 |
Over 1 through 2 years | 467,348 |  |  | 201,478 |
Over 2 through 3 years | 94,450 |  |  | 13,971 |
Over 3 through 4 years | 29,514 |  |  | 1,379 |
Over 4 through 5 years | 45,575 |  |  | 4,665 |
Over 5 years | 608 |  |  | — |
| $ | 1,620,688 |  |  | $ | 511,654 |

The tables of scheduled maturities of certificates of deposits above includes brokered-deposits and individual retirement accounts.
The aggregate amount of overdrafts in demand deposit accounts that were reclassified to loans amounted to $650 thousand and $564 thousand as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
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NOTE 11— BORROWINGS AND RELATED INTEREST
Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York
Advances are received from the FHLB under an agreement whereby OFG is required to maintain a minimum amount of qualifying collateral with a fair value of at least 110% of the outstanding advances. At both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, these advances were secured by mortgage and commercial loans amounting to $1.0 billion. Also, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG had an additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $451.6 million and $446.0 million, respectively. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining maturity of FHLB advances was 8 months and 1.2 years, respectively. The original terms of the outstanding advance at June 30, 2024 due on March 2025 was 2 years.
The following table shows a summary of the advances and their terms, excluding accrued interest in the amount of $741 thousand and $768 thousand at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Short-term fixed-rate advances from FHLB, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.52% | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Long-term fixed-rate advance from FHLB, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.52% | — |  |  | 200,000 |
| $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 200,000 |

Advances from FHLB mature as follows:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Due less than one year | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Over one to three years | — |  |  | 200,000 |
| $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 200,000 |

NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES
OFG is subject to the provisions of the Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code of 2011, as amended (the “PR Code”). The PR Code imposes a maximum statutory corporate tax rate of 37.5%. OFG has operations in the U.S. through its wholly owned subsidiaries OFG Ventures and OFG USA, which is a direct subsidiary of the Bank, and has two branches in the USVI. The United States subsidiaries are subject to federal income taxes at the corporate level, while the USVI branches are subject to federal income taxes under a mirror system and a 10% surtax included in the maximum tax rate. OFG USA is subject to North Carolina state taxes, and current investments in OFG Ventures are subject to state taxes in Missouri. In addition, OFG’s wholly owned subsidiary, OFG Reinsurance Ltd., is tax exempt in Grand Cayman.
As of June 30, 2024, OFG’s net deferred tax assets, net of a valuation allowance of $6.5 million, amounted to $4.1 million; and the net deferred tax liability, net of valuation allowance of $610 thousand, amounted to $33.9 million, reflecting the aggregate deferred tax assets or liabilities of individual tax-paying subsidiaries of OFG. As of December 31, 2023, OFG’s deferred tax asset, net of a valuation allowance of $7.0 million, amounted to $4.9 million; and net deferred tax liability, net of a valuation allowance of $569 thousand, amounted to $22.4 million, reflecting aggregate deferred tax assets or liabilities of individual tax-paying subsidiaries of OFG. The decrease in valuation allowance of $528 thousand was mainly related to OFG’s operations at the holding company level. In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax asset, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax asset is dependent upon the generation of future income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the assessment of positive and negative evidence, the level of historical taxable income, projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax asset are deductible, and provisions of certain closing agreements, management believes it is more likely than not that OFG will realize the benefits of
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these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowances, at June 30, 2024. The amount of the deferred tax asset that is considered realizable could be reduced in the near term if there are changes in estimates of future taxable income.
OFG maintained an effective tax rate (“ETR”) lower than the statutory rate for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 of 27.6% and 30.9%, respectively, the decrease is mainly related to exempt income, income subject to preferential tax treatment under the PR Code and a discrete tax windfall on stock options recognized during the first quarter of 2024 and discrete benefit mainly related to the purchase of tax credits during the second quarter of 2024. The expected ETR for 2024 is 29.2%.
OFG classifies unrecognized tax benefits in other liabilities. These gross unrecognized tax benefits would affect the ETR if realized. At June 30, 2024, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $970 thousand (December 31, 2023 - $936 thousand).
Income tax expense for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $20.1 million and $21.6 million, respectively. Income tax expense for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $38.4 million and $40.5 million, respectively.
NOTE 13 — REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
Regulatory Capital Requirements
OFG (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and Puerto Rico banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on OFG’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, OFG and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. OFG and the Bank have elected to exclude accumulated comprehensive income related to both available for sale securities and derivative valuations from Common Equity Tier 1 Capital.
As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG and the Bank are “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” an institution must maintain minimum CET1 risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, total risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the tables presented below.
OFG’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

| Actual |  | Minimum Capital Requirement (including capital conservation buffer) |  | Minimum to be Well Capitalized
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
| (Dollars in thousands)
OFG Bancorp Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,330,474 |  |  | 15.54 | % |  | $ | 898,963 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 856,155 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,223,031 |  |  | 14.29 | % |  | $ | 727,732 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 684,924 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,223,031 |  |  | 14.29 | % |  | $ | 599,308 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 556,501 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital to average total assets | $ | 1,223,031 |  |  | 10.86 | % |  | $ | 450,325 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 562,906 |  |  | 5.00 | %
As of December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,278,537 |  |  | 15.37 | % |  | $ | 873,369 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 831,780 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,174,205 |  |  | 14.12 | % |  | $ | 707,013 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 665,424 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,174,205 |  |  | 14.12 | % |  | $ | 582,246 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 540,657 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital to average total assets | $ | 1,174,205 |  |  | 11.03 | % |  | $ | 425,911 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 532,389 |  |  | 5.00 | %

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| Actual |  | Minimum Capital Requirement (including capital conservation buffer) |  | Minimum to be Well Capitalized
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
| (Dollars in thousands)
Bank Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of June 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,245,627 |  |  | 14.64 | % |  | $ | 893,092 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 850,564 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,138,874 |  |  | 13.39 | % |  | $ | 722,979 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 680,451 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,138,874 |  |  | 13.39 | % |  | $ | 595,395 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 552,866 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital to average total assets | $ | 1,138,874 |  |  | 10.22 | % |  | $ | 445,681 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 557,101 |  |  | 5.00 | %
As of December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,179,164 |  |  | 14.27 | % |  | $ | 867,797 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 826,474 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,075,487 |  |  | 13.01 | % |  | $ | 702,503 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 661,179 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | $ | 1,075,487 |  |  | 13.01 | % |  | $ | 578,532 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 537,208 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital to average total assets | $ | 1,075,487 |  |  | 10.20 | % |  | $ | 421,660 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 527,075 |  |  | 5.00 | %

NOTE 14 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock
At both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, common stock amounted to $59.9 million.
Additional Paid-in Capital
Additional paid-in capital represents contributed capital in excess of par value of common stock, net of the costs of issuance. At both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accumulated common stock issuance costs charged against additional paid-in capital amounted to $13.6 million.
Legal Surplus
The Puerto Rico Banking Act requires that a minimum of 10% of the Bank’s net income for the year be transferred to a reserve fund until such fund (legal surplus) equals the total paid-in capital on common and preferred stock. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank’s legal surplus amounted to $160.6 million and $151.0 million, respectively. During the quarter and six-month period ended June 30, 2024, OFG transferred $4.8 million and $9.6 million, respectively, to the legal surplus account. During the quarter and six-month period ended June 30, 2023, OFG transferred $4.2 million and $8.7 million, respectively, to the legal surplus account. The amount transferred to the legal surplus account is not available for the payment of dividends to shareholders.
Treasury Stock
In January 2024, OFG announced the approval by the Board of Directors of a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $50 million of its outstanding shares of common stock. The new stock repurchase program, which is open-ended, replaces the prior stock repurchase program of $100 million approved by the Board of Directors in January 2022, which had a remaining balance of $17.2 million. The shares of common stock repurchased are held by OFG as treasury shares. OFG records treasury stock purchases under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, OFG repurchased 669,200 shares for a total of $24.3 million at an average
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price of $36.28 per share. Under the prior stock repurchase program, OFG repurchased 670,099 shares for a total of $16.5 million at an average price of $24.57 per share during the six-month period ended June 30, 2023.
At June 30, 2024, the estimated remaining number of shares that may be purchased under the new $50 million program is 686,741 and was calculated by dividing the remaining balance of $25.7 million by $37.45 (closing price of OFG’s common stock at June 30, 2024).
OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase program.
The activity in connection with common shares held in treasury by OFG for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is set forth below:

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| Shares |  | Dollar Amount |  | Shares |  | Dollar Amount |  |  |  |
| (In thousands, except shares data)
Beginning of period | 12,668,663 |  |  | $ | 226,896 |  |  | 12,273,832 |  |  | $ | 212,794 |  |  |  |  |
Common shares used upon lapse of restricted stock units and options | (14,161) |  |  | (227) |  |  | (30,084) |  |  | (137) |  |  |  |  |
Common shares repurchased as part of the stock repurchase programs | 669,200 |  |  | 24,282 |  |  | 565,299 |  |  | 13,573 |  |  |  |  |
End of period | $ | 13,323,702 |  |  | $ | 250,951 |  |  | $ | 12,809,047 |  |  | $ | 226,230 |  |  |  |  |
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| Shares |  | Dollar Amount |  | Shares |  | Dollar Amount |  |  |  |
| (In thousands, except shares data)
Beginning of period | 12,820,078 |  |  | $ | 228,350 |  |  | 12,303,859 |  |  | $ | 211,135 |  |  |  |  |
Common shares used upon lapse of restricted stock units and options | (165,576) |  |  | (1,681) |  |  | (164,911) |  |  | (1,372) |  |  |  |  |
Common shares repurchased as part of the stock repurchase programs | 669,200 |  |  | 24,282 |  |  | 670,099 |  |  | 16,467 |  |  |  |  |
End of period | 13,323,702 |  |  | $ | 250,951 |  |  | 12,809,047 |  |  | $ | 226,230 |  |  |  |  |

NOTE 15 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale | $ | (101,810) |  |  | $ | (78,497) |
Income tax effect of unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale | 15,316 |  |  | 11,484 |
Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale | (86,494) |  |  | (67,013) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes | $ | (86,494) |  |  | $ | (67,013) |

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The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of taxes, for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |
| Quarter Ended June 30, 2024 |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2024
| (In thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | (81,731) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (67,013) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (4,765) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19,474) |  |  |  |  |
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss | (4,763) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19,481) |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | (86,494) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (86,494) |  |  |  |  |

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2023
| Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale |  | Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedges |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss
| (In thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | (78,512) |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | (78,340) |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (9,980) |  |  | (2,525) |  |  | (12,505) |
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,147) |  |  | 2,428 |  |  | 1,281 |
Other comprehensive loss | (11,127) |  |  | (97) |  |  | (11,224) |
Ending balance | $ | (89,639) |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | (89,564) |
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2023
| Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale |  | Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedges |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss
| (In thousands)
Beginning balance | $ | (93,663) |  |  | $ | 254 |  |  | $ | (93,409) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 5,169 |  |  | (3,198) |  |  | 1,971 |
Amounts reclassified out of other comprehensive income (loss) | (1,145) |  |  | 3,019 |  |  | 1,874 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 4,024 |  |  | (179) |  |  | 3,845 |
Ending balance | $ | (89,639) |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | (89,564) |

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The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss | Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Operations
| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands) |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-rate contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,428 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,019 |  |  |  | Net interest expense
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss on sale of investments | — |  |  | (1,149) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (1,149) |  |  |  | Net loss on sale of securities
Tax effect from changes in tax rates | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | Income tax expense
| $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1,281 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 1,874 |  |  |  |

NOTE 16 – EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The calculation of earnings per common share for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

| Quarter Ended June 30, | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 | 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands, except per share data)
Income available to common shareholders | $ | 51,131 |  |  | $ | 44,173 |  | $ | 100,823 |  |  | $ | 90,402 |
Average common shares outstanding | 46,952 |  |  | 47,266 |  | 47,024 |  |  | 47,432 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Average potential common shares-options | 179 |  |  | 224 |  | 220 |  |  | 284 |
Total weighted average common shares outstanding and equivalents | 47,131 |  |  | 47,490 |  | 47,244 |  |  | 47,716 |
Earnings per common share - basic | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  | $ | 2.14 |  |  | $ | 1.91 |
Earnings per common share - diluted | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  | $ | 1.89 |

For the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, weighted-average restricted stock units with an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share not included in the calculation amounted to zero and 147,878, respectively. For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, weighted-average restricted stock units with an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share not included in the calculation amounted to zero and 128,681, respectively.
During the first quarter of 2024, OFG increased its quarterly common stock cash dividend to $0.25 per share from $0.22 per share at December 31, 2023.
NOTE 17 – GUARANTEES
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the notional amount of the obligations undertaken in issuing the guarantees under standby letters of credit represented a liability of $25.0 million and $24.0 million, respectively.
OFG has a liability for residential mortgage loans sold subject to credit recourse pursuant to FHLMC’s, GNMA’s, and FNMA’s residential mortgage loan sales and securitization programs. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans sold subject to credit recourse under the residential mortgage loan sales programs was $94.5 million and $98.7 million, respectively. The estimated losses to be absorbed under the credit recourse arrangements were recorded as a liability when the credit recourse was assumed and are updated on a quarterly basis. At June 30, 2024, OFG's liability for estimated credit losses related to loans sold with credit recourse amounted to $59 thousand
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(December 31, 2023– $102 thousand). On May 1, 2023, OFG and a third-party servicer terminated a subservicing agreement by mutual agreement. Pursuant to such termination, the third-party servicer assumed the direct servicing of the subserviced loans pursuant to FNMA’s residential mortgage loans sales program, thereby relieving OFG of its corresponding recourse obligation under that program.
The following table shows the changes in OFG’s liability for estimated losses from credit recourse agreements, included in the consolidated statements of financial condition during the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Quarter Ended June 30, | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 141 |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net recoveries (charge-offs/terminations) | (14) |  |  | 9 |  | (43) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 150 |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The expected loss, which represents the amount expected to be lost on a given loan, considers the probability of default and loss severity. The probability of default represents the probability that a loan in good standing would become 120 days delinquent, in which case OFG is obligated to repurchase the loan.
If a borrower defaults, pursuant to the credit recourse provided, OFG is required to repurchase the loan or reimburse the third-party investor for the incurred loss. The maximum potential amount of future payments that OFG would be required to make under the recourse arrangements is equivalent to the total outstanding balance of the residential mortgage loans serviced with recourse and interest, if applicable. During the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, OFG repurchased $106 thousand and $545 thousand, respectively, in mortgage loans. During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, OFG repurchased $240 thousand and $610 thousand, respectively, in such mortgage loans. If a borrower defaults, OFG has rights to the underlying collateral securing the mortgage loan. OFG suffers losses on these mortgage loans when the proceeds from a foreclosure sale of the collateral property are less than the outstanding principal balance of the loan, any uncollected interest advanced, and the costs of holding and disposing the related property.
When OFG sells or securitizes mortgage loans, it generally makes customary representations and warranties regarding the characteristics of the loans sold. OFG’s mortgage operations division groups conforming mortgage loans into pools that are exchanged for FNMA and GNMA mortgage-backed securities, which are generally sold to private investors, or are sold directly to FNMA or other private investors for cash. As required under such mortgage-backed securities programs, quality review procedures are performed by OFG to ensure that asset guideline qualifications are met. To the extent the loans do not meet specified characteristics, OFG may be required to repurchase such loans or indemnify for losses and bear any subsequent loss related to the loans. During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, OFG repurchased $915 thousand (June 30, 2023 –$4.2 million) of unpaid principal balance in mortgage loans, excluding mortgage loans subject to such credit recourse provision. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, OFG repurchased $1.9 million (June 30, 2023- $6.4 million). At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG had a $275 thousand and a $405 thousand liability, respectively, for the estimated credit losses related to these loans.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
During the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, OFG recognized $14 thousand and $141 thousand in gains, net of reserves, respectively, from the repurchase of residential mortgage loans sold subject to credit recourse, and $21 thousand in gains and $372 thousand in losses, respectively, from the repurchase of residential mortgage loans as a result of breaches of customary representations and warranties. During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 OFG recognized $43 thousand and $147 thousand, respectively, in gains from the repurchase of residential mortgage loans sold subject to credit recourse, and $77 thousand and $121 thousand, respectively, in losses from the repurchase of residential mortgage loans as a result of breaches of customary representations and warranties.
At June 30, 2024 OFG serviced $5.6 billion (December 31, 2023 - $5.6 billion) in mortgage loans for third parties. Servicing agreements relating to the mortgage-backed securities programs of FNMA and GNMA, and to mortgage loans sold or serviced to certain other investors, including FHLMC, require OFG to advance funds to make scheduled payments of principal, interest, taxes and insurance, if such payments have not been received from the borrowers. OFG generally recovers funds advanced pursuant to these arrangements from the mortgage owner, from liquidation proceeds when the mortgage loan is foreclosed or, in the case of FHA/VA loans, under the applicable FHA and VA insurance and guarantee programs. However, in the meantime, OFG must absorb the cost of the funds it advances during the time the advance is outstanding. OFG must also bear the costs of attempting to collect on delinquent and defaulted mortgage loans. In addition, if a defaulted loan is not cured, the mortgage loan would be canceled as part of the foreclosure proceedings and OFG would not receive any future servicing income with respect to that loan. At June 30, 2024, the outstanding balance of funds advanced by OFG under such mortgage loan servicing agreements was approximately $3.7 million (December 31, 2023 - $4.2 million). To the extent the mortgage loans underlying OFG’s servicing portfolio experience increased delinquencies, OFG would be required to dedicate additional cash resources to comply with its obligation to advance funds as well as incur additional administrative costs related to increases in collection efforts.
NOTE 18— COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments
In the normal course of business, OFG becomes a party to credit-related financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby and commercial letters of credit, and financial guarantees. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The contract or notional amount of those instruments reflects the extent of OFG’s involvement in particular types of financial instruments.
OFG’s exposure to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, including commitments under credit card arrangements, and commercial letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amounts of those instruments, which do not necessarily represent the amounts potentially subject to risk. In addition, the measurement of the risks associated with these instruments is meaningful only when all related and offsetting transactions are identified. OFG uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.
Credit-related financial instruments at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Commitments to extend credit | $ | 1,424,489 |  |  | $ | 1,255,695 |
Commercial letters of credit | 1,384 |  |  | 119 |

Commitments to extend credit represent agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. OFG evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by OFG upon the extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty.
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, commitments to extend credit consisted mainly of undisbursed available amounts on commercial lines of credit, construction loans, and revolving credit card arrangements. Since many of the unused commitments are expected to expire unused or be only partially used, the total amount of these unused commitments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Commercial letters of credit are issued or confirmed to guarantee payment of customers’ payables or receivables in short-term international trade transactions. Generally, drafts will be drawn when the underlying transaction is consummated as intended. However, the short-term nature of this instrument serves to mitigate the risk associated with these contracts.
The summary of instruments that are considered financial guarantees in accordance with the authoritative guidance related to guarantor’s accounting and disclosure requirements for guarantees, including indirect guarantees of indebtedness of others, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, is as follows:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees | $ | 25,028 |  |  | $ | 23,970 |
Loans sold with recourse | 94,456 |  |  | 98,685 |

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees are written conditional commitments issued by OFG to guarantee the payment and/or performance of a customer to a third party (“beneficiary”). If the customer fails to comply with the agreement, the beneficiary may draw on the standby letter of credit or financial guarantee as a remedy. The amount of credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit in the event of non-performance is the face amount of the letter of credit or financial guarantee. These guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by OFG upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.
At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures corresponding to commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit amounted to $833 thousand and $1.2 million, respectively, and is included in other liabilities in the statement of financial condition.
At both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG maintained other non-credit commitments amounting to $18.9 million, primarily for the acquisition of equity securities. In addition, as we continue to transform OFG with a focus on simplification and building a culture of excellence and customer service, we continue to invest in technology. Some of our technology investments require us to continuously upgrade our systems. Others require us to focus our technology on investments that drive our strategy, namely digital, data analytics, cloud migration, cyber security, and our sales and service capabilities. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG had commitments for capital expenditures in technology amounting to $7.2 million and $7.8 million, respectively.
Contingencies
OFG and its subsidiaries are defendants in a number of legal proceedings incidental to their business. In the ordinary course of business, OFG and its subsidiaries are also subject to governmental and regulatory examinations. Certain subsidiaries of OFG, including the Bank (and its subsidiary, OIB), Oriental Financial Services and Oriental Insurance, are subject to regulation by various U.S., Puerto Rico and other regulators.
OFG seeks to resolve all arbitration, litigation and regulatory matters in the manner management believes is in the best interests of OFG and its shareholders, and contests allegations of liability or wrongdoing and, where applicable, the amount of damages or scope of any penalties or other relief sought as appropriate in each pending matter.
In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, OFG establishes an accrued liability when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. As a matter develops, OFG, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling the matter, evaluates on an ongoing basis whether such matter presents a loss contingency that is probable and estimable. Once the loss contingency is deemed to be both probable and estimable, OFG will establish an accrued liability and record a corresponding amount of expense. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accrued liability for legal contingencies amounted to $561 thousand and $817 thousand, respectively. OFG continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established. OFG also has an accrued liability for potential losses, operational errors, loss on theft not covered by insurance premiums, uncollectible receivables, among other transactions, amounting to $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Subject to the accounting and disclosure framework under the provisions of ASC 450, it is the opinion of OFG’s management, based on current knowledge and after taking into account its current legal accruals, that the eventual outcome of all matters would not be likely to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated statements of financial condition of OFG. Nonetheless, given the substantial or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters, and the inherent unpredictability of such matters, an adverse outcome in certain of these matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on OFG’s consolidated results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods. OFG has evaluated all arbitration, litigation and regulatory matters where the likelihood of a potential loss is deemed reasonably possible. OFG has determined that the estimate of the reasonably possible loss is not significant.
NOTE 19— OPERATING LEASES
Substantially all leases in which OFG is the lessee are comprised of real estate property for branches, ATM locations, and office space with terms extending through 2038. OFG’s leases do not contain residual value guarantees or material variable lease payments. All leases are classified as operating leases and are included on the consolidated statements of financial condition as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. OFG leases to others certain space in its principal offices for terms extending through 2026; all are operating leases.
Operating Lease Cost

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | Statement of Operations Classification
| (In thousands) |  |
Lease costs | $ | 2,261 |  |  | $ | 2,608 |  |  | $ | 4,914 |  |  | $ | 5,208 |  |  |  |  | Occupancy and equipment
Variable lease costs | 370 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 781 |  |  | 687 |  |  |  |  | Occupancy and equipment
Short-term lease costs | 91 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 305 |  |  |  |  | Occupancy and equipment
Lease income | (29) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (51) |  |  | (54) |  |  |  |  | Occupancy and equipment
Total lease costs | $ | 2,693 |  |  | $ | 3,086 |  |  | $ | 5,785 |  |  | $ | 6,146 |  |  |  |  |

Operating Lease Assets and Liabilities

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | Statement of Financial Condition Classification
| (In thousands) |  |
Right-of-use assets | $ | 20,298 |  |  | $ | 21,725 |  |  | Operating lease right-of-use assets
Lease Liabilities | $ | 22,605 |  |  | $ | 24,029 |  |  | Operating leases liabilities

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Weighted-average remaining lease term | 5.0 years |  | 5.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate | 7.5 | % |  | 7.0 | %

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Future minimum payments for operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of June 30, 2024 were as follows:

| Minimum Rent
As of June 30, 2024 | (In thousands)
2024 | $ | 4,093 |
2025 | 6,676 |
2026 | 4,620 |
2027 | 3,793 |
2028 | 2,980 |
Thereafter | 5,184 |
Total lease payments | $ | 27,346 |
Less imputed interest | 4,741 |
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 22,605 |

OFG, as lessor, leases and subleases real property to tenants under operating leases. As of June 30, 2024, no material lease concessions have been granted to tenants. As of June 30, 2024, OFG, as lessee, has not requested any lease concessions.
NOTE 20 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
OFG follows the fair value measurement framework under GAAP.
Fair Value Measurement
The fair value measurement framework defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This framework also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Money market investments
The fair value of money market investments is based on the carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of financial condition as these are reasonable estimates of fair value given the short-term nature of the instruments.
Investment securities
The fair value of investment securities is based on valuations obtained from an independent pricing provider, ICE Data Pricing (formerly known as IDC) (“ICE”). ICE is a well-recognized pricing company and an established leader in financial information. Such securities are classified as Level 1 or Level 2, depending on the basis for determining fair value. At June 30, 2024, there was one security held-to-maturity, carried at amortized cost with no ACL established, classified as Level 3.
Servicing assets
Servicing assets do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. Servicing assets are priced using a discounted cash flow model. The valuation model considers servicing fees, portfolio characteristics, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, late charges, other ancillary revenues, cost to service, and other economic factors. Due to the unobservable nature of certain valuation inputs, the servicing rights are classified as Level 3.
Foreclosed real estate
Foreclosed real estate includes real estate properties securing residential mortgage and commercial loans. The fair value of foreclosed real estate may be determined using an external appraisal, broker price opinion or an internal valuation. These foreclosed assets are classified as Level 3 given certain internal adjustments that may be made to external appraisals.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Other repossessed assets
Other repossessed assets are mainly composed of repossessed automobiles. The fair value of the repossessed automobiles may be determined using internal valuation and an external appraisal. These repossessed assets are classified as Level 3 given certain internal adjustments that may be made to external appraisals.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are summarized below:

| June 30, 2024 |
| Fair Value Measurements |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
| (In thousands) |
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 200,658 |  |  | $ | 1,895,648 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,096,306 |  |
Trading securities | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |
Money market investments | 5,083 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,083 |  |
Servicing assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,789 |  |  | 49,789 |  |
| $ | 205,741 |  |  | $ | 1,895,664 |  |  | $ | 49,789 |  |  | $ | 2,151,194 |  |
Non-recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral dependent loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,772 |  |  | $ | 13,772 |  |
Foreclosed real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,526 |  |  | 6,526 |  |
Other repossessed assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,713 |  |  | 5,713 |  |
Mortgage loans held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,375 |  |  | 8,375 |  |
Other loans held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,361 |  |  | 12,361 |  |
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,747 |  |  | $ | 46,747 |  |

| December 31, 2023
| Fair Value Measurements
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 296,799 |  |  | $ | 1,802,465 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,099,264 |
Trading securities | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Money market investments | 4,623 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,623 |
Servicing assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,520 |  |  | 49,520 |
| $ | 301,422 |  |  | $ | 1,802,478 |  |  | $ | 49,520 |  |  | $ | 2,153,420 |
Non-recurring fair value measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral dependent loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,027 |  |  | $ | 8,027 |
Foreclosed real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,780 |  |  | 10,780 |
Other repossessed assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,032 |  |  | 4,032 |
Other loans held for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,345 |  |  | 28,345 |
| $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,184 |  |  | $ | 51,184 |

The fair value information included in the tables above for non-recurring fair value measurements is not as of period-end. Instead, it is as of the date that the fair value measurement was recorded closest to June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, excludes nonrecurring fair value measurements of assets no longer outstanding as of the reporting date.
The tables below present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for June 30, 2024 and 2023:
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Level 3 Instruments Only

|  | Quarter Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Servicing Assets |  |  | Other debt securities available for sale | Servicing Assets | Total |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning period |  | $ | 49,553 |  |  |  | $ | 413 |  | $ | 49,345 |  | $ | 49,758 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New instruments acquired |  | 303 |  |  |  | — |  | 791 |  | 791 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal repayments and amortization |  | (732) |  |  |  | — |  | (1,085) |  | (1,085) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains included in earnings |  | 665 |  |  |  | — |  | 915 |  | 915 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains included in other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  | — |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 49,789 |  |  |  | $ | 420 |  | $ | 49,966 |  | $ | 50,386 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
|  | Servicing Assets |  |  | Other debt securities available for sale | Servicing Assets | Total |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 49,520 |  |  |  | $ | 406 |  | $ | 50,921 |  | $ | 51,327 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New instruments acquired |  | 830 |  |  |  | — |  | 1,365 |  | 1,365 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal repayments and amortization |  | (1,652) |  |  |  | — |  | (2,150) |  | (2,150) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains included in earnings |  | 1,091 |  |  |  | — |  | (170) |  | (170) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains included in other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  |  | 14 |  | — |  | 14 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 49,789 |  |  |  | $ | 420 |  | $ | 49,966 |  | $ | 50,386 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Servicing assets gains included in earnings during the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were included as mortgage servicing activities in the consolidated statements of operations. For more information on the qualitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements, see Note 7 – Servicing Assets.
There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and non-recurring basis at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The table below presents quantitative information for all assets measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| June 30, 2024
| Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Servicing assets | $ | 49,789 |  |  | Cash flow valuation |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 1.49% - 11.45% |  | 6.07 | %
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10.00% - 15.50% |  | 11.45 | %
Collateral dependent loans | $ | 13,772 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Appraised value less disposition costs |  | 10.20% - 33.20% |  | 17.67 | %
Foreclosed real estate | $ | 6,526 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Appraised value less disposition costs |  | 10.00% - 33.00% |  | 10.95 | %
Other repossessed assets | $ | 5,713 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Estimated net realizable value less disposition costs |  | 36.00% - 71.00% |  | 55.48 | %
Mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 8,375 |  |  | Market prices |  | Pricing and execution whole loan |  | 92.89% - 101.33% |  | 98.25 | %
Other loans held for sale | $ | 12,361 |  |  | Bids or sales contract prices |  | Estimated market value |  | 100.00% - 104.47% |  | 100.48 | %

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| December 31, 2023
| Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Servicing assets | $ | 49,520 |  |  | Cash flow valuation |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 1.35% - 17.34% |  | 6.12 | %
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10.00% - 15.50% |  | 11.45 | %
Collateral dependent loans | $ | 8,027 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Appraised value less disposition costs |  | 10.20% - 33.20% |  | 17.00 | %
Foreclosed real estate | $ | 10,780 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Appraised value less disposition costs |  | 10.20% - 33.20% |  | 12.67 | %
Other repossessed assets | $ | 4,032 |  |  | Fair value of property or collateral |  | Estimated net realizable value less disposition costs |  | 31.00% - 77.00% |  | 57.72 | %
Other loans held for sale | $ | 28,345 |  |  | Bids or sales contract prices |  | Estimated market value |  | 52.00% - 103.20% |  | 84.80%

Information about Sensitivity to Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs
Servicing assets – The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of OFG’s servicing assets are constant prepayment rates and discount rates. Changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments), which may magnify or offset the sensitivities. Mortgage banking activities, a component of total banking and financial service revenue in the consolidated statements of operations, include the changes from period to period in the fair value of the mortgage loan servicing rights, which may result from changes in the valuation model inputs or assumptions (principally reflecting changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions) and other changes, including changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The information about the estimated fair value of financial instruments required by GAAP is presented hereunder. The aggregate fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent management’s estimate of the underlying value of OFG.
The estimated fair value is subjective in nature, involves uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could affect these fair value estimates. The fair value estimates do not take into consideration the value of future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments. Other significant tangible and intangible assets that are not considered financial instruments include the value of long-term customer relationships of retail deposits, and premises and equipment.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The estimated fair value and carrying value of OFG’s financial instruments at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was as follows:

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  |  |  |  |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 740,429 |  |  | $ | 740,429 |  |  | $ | 748,173 |  |  | $ | 748,173 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 200,658 |  |  | $ | 200,658 |  |  | $ | 296,799 |  |  | $ | 296,799 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading securities | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 1,895,648 |  |  | $ | 1,895,648 |  |  | $ | 1,802,465 |  |  | $ | 1,802,465 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities held-to-maturity | $ | 244,365 |  |  | $ | 303,621 |  |  | $ | 455,709 |  |  | $ | 514,024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock | $ | 15,280 |  |  | $ | 15,280 |  |  | $ | 14,488 |  |  | $ | 14,488 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 25,794 |  |  | $ | 25,794 |  |  | $ | 23,981 |  |  | $ | 23,981 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities held-to-maturity | $ | 35,072 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |  |  | $ | 35,055 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total loans (including loans held-for-sale) | $ | 7,410,349 |  |  | $ | 7,503,142 |  |  | $ | 7,282,214 |  |  | $ | 7,401,618 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable | $ | 72,969 |  |  | $ | 72,969 |  |  | $ | 71,400 |  |  | $ | 71,400 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Servicing assets | $ | 49,789 |  |  | $ | 49,789 |  |  | $ | 49,520 |  |  | $ | 49,520 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and other assets | $ | 56,760 |  |  | $ | 56,760 |  |  | $ | 47,859 |  |  | $ | 47,589 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 9,622,547 |  |  | $ | 9,605,250 |  |  | $ | 9,767,068 |  |  | $ | 9,762,169 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances from FHLB | $ | 198,937 |  |  | $ | 200,741 |  |  | $ | 199,184 |  |  | $ | 200,768 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other borrowings | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 140,410 |  |  | $ | 140,410 |  |  | $ | 115,985 |  |  | $ | 115,985 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of significant financial instruments at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
•Cash and cash equivalents (including money market investments and time deposits with other banks), accrued interest receivable, accounts receivable and other assets, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and other borrowings have been valued at the carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of financial condition as these are reasonable estimates of fair value given the short-term nature of the instruments.
•Investments in FHLB stock are valued at their redemption value.
•The fair value of investment securities, including trading securities, is based on quoted market prices, when available or prices provided from contracted pricing providers, or market prices provided by recognized broker-dealers. If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based upon externally developed models that use both observable and unobservable inputs depending on the market activity of the instrument. The estimated fair value of the AFICA bond in other debt securities held-to-maturity is determined by using a detailed discounted cash flow valuation model to calculate the present value of projected future cash flows. The credit losses are recorded using the ACL methodology. This involves comparing the amortized cost of the securities with the fair value of the expected future cash flows. Several assumptions requiring a high degree of judgment include the selection of market discount rates, the determination of current credit spread, and the estimation of both the probability of default and loss given default rates. Equity securities do not have readily available fair values and are measured at cost, less any impairment.
•The fair value of servicing asset is estimated by using a cash flow valuation model, which calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, and other economic factors, which are determined based on current market conditions.
•The fair value of the loan portfolio (including loans held-for-sale and non-performing loans) is based on the exit market price, which is estimated by segregating by loan type, such as mortgage, commercial, consumer and auto. The fair value is calculated by discounting contractual cash flows. The discount rate used in such calculation considers a capital adjustment as well as other premiums for systemic risk, servicing costs, modeling and uncertainty risk, and impairment uncertainty.
•The fair value of demand deposits and savings accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of the contractual cash flows, using estimated current market discount rates for deposits of similar remaining maturities.
•The fair value of long-term borrowings, including advances from FHLB, is based on the discounted value of the contractual cash flows using current estimated market discount rates for borrowings with similar terms, remaining maturities and put dates.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
NOTE 21 – BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICE REVENUES
The following table presents the major categories of banking and financial service revenues for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Quarter Ended June 30, | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands) | (In thousands)
Banking service revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Electronic banking fees | $ | 14,718 |  |  | $ | 13,603 |  | $ | 28,408 |  |  | $ | 26,969 |  |  |
Checking accounts fees | 1,894 |  |  | 2,184 |  | 4,061 |  |  | 4,404 |  |  |
Savings accounts fees | 307 |  |  | 327 |  | 615 |  |  | 660 |  |  |
Credit life commissions | 73 |  |  | 119 |  | 77 |  |  | 224 |  |  |
Branch service commissions | 275 |  |  | 324 |  | 621 |  |  | 746 |  |  |
Servicing and other loan fees | 1,325 |  |  | 702 |  | 1,893 |  |  | 1,584 |  |  |
International fees | 184 |  |  | 179 |  | 356 |  |  | 362 |  |  |
Miscellaneous income | 5 |  |  | 2 |  | 9 |  |  | 4 |  |  |
Total banking service revenues | 18,781 |  |  | 17,440 |  | 36,040 |  |  | 34,953 |  |  |
Wealth management revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance income | 4,214 |  |  | 4,169 |  | 7,988 |  |  | 7,539 |  |  |
Broker fees | 2,009 |  |  | 1,797 |  | 4,100 |  |  | 3,580 |  |  |
Trust fees | 2,217 |  |  | 2,228 |  | 4,459 |  |  | 4,152 |  |  |
Other fees | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 43 |  |  |
Total wealth management revenue | 8,440 |  |  | 8,194 |  | 16,547 |  |  | 15,314 |  |  |
Mortgage banking activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net servicing fees | 4,101 |  |  | 4,650 |  | 8,052 |  |  | 7,493 |  |  |
Net gains on sale of mortgage loans and valuation | 719 |  |  | 790 |  | 1,372 |  |  | 1,559 |  |  |
Net gain (loss) on repurchased loans and other | 44 |  |  | (215) |  | 133 |  |  | 71 |  |  |
Total mortgage banking activities | 4,864 |  |  | 5,225 |  | 9,557 |  |  | 9,123 |  |  |
Total banking and financial service revenues | $ | 32,085 |  |  | $ | 30,859 |  | $ | 62,144 |  |  | $ | 59,390 |  |  |

OFG recognizes the revenue from banking services, wealth management and mortgage banking based on the nature and timing of revenue streams from contracts with customers:
Banking Service Revenues
Electronic banking fees are credit and debit card processing services, use of the Bank’s ATMs by non-customers, debit card interchange income and service charges on deposit accounts. Revenue is recorded once the contracted service has been provided.
Service charges on checking and saving accounts is recognized as consumer periodic maintenance revenue once the service is rendered, while overdraft and late charges revenues are recorded after the contracted service has been provided.
Other income as credit life and branch service commissions, servicing and other loan fees, international fees, and miscellaneous income recognized as banking services revenue are out of the scope of ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Wealth Management Revenue
Insurance income from commissions generated in the sale of insurance policies issued by unaffiliated insurance companies and sale of annuities are recorded once the sale has been completed. Reinsurance revenue is recorded based on earned premium confirmed by the fronting insurance company. Contingent insurance commissions are recorded once the paying insurance companies confirm the amounts earned.
Broker fees consist of two categories:
•Sales commissions generated by advisers for their clients’ purchases and sales of securities and other investment products, which are collected once the stand-alone transactions are completed at trade date or as earned, and managed account fees which are fees charged to advisers’ clients’ accounts on OFG’s corporate advisory platform. These revenues do not cover future services, as a result there is no need to allocate the amount received to any other service.
•Fees for providing distribution services related to mutual funds, net of compensation paid to a provider of such services, as well as trailer fees (also known as 12b-1 fees). These fees are considered variable and are recognized over time, as the uncertainty of the fees to be received is resolved as the net asset value of the mutual fund is determined and investor activity occurs. Fees do not cover future services, as a result there is no need to allocate the amount received to any other service.
Trust fees are revenues related to fiduciary services provided to 401K retirement plans, IRA trusts, and retirement plans. These generally include payment for trustee services, distribution services, custodial services of plan assets, due diligence services, and investment advisory services. Fees are billed based on services contracted. Negotiated fees are detailed in the contract. Fees collected in advance are amortized over the term of the contract. Fees are generally collected on an annual or quarterly basis once the administrative service has been completed. Fees do not include future services.
Mortgage Banking Activities
Mortgage banking activities such as servicing fees, gain on sale of mortgage loans and valuation, and gain (loss) on repurchased loans and other are out of the scope of ASC 606.
NOTE 22 – BUSINESS SEGMENTS
OFG segregates its businesses into the following segments of business: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury. Management established the reportable segments based on the internal reporting used to evaluate performance and to assess where to allocate resources. Other factors such as OFG’s organization, nature of its products, distribution channels and economic characteristics of the products were also considered in the determination of the reportable segments. OFG measures the performance of these segments based on pre-established goals of different financial parameters such as net income, net interest income, loan production, and fees generated. OFG’s methodology for allocating non-interest expenses among segments is based on several factors such as revenue, employee headcount, occupied space, dedicated services or time, among others. These factors are reviewed on a periodical basis and may change if the conditions warrant.
Banking includes the Bank’s branches and traditional banking products such as deposits and commercial, consumer, auto, and mortgage loans. Mortgage banking activities are carried out by the Bank’s mortgage banking division, whose principal activity is to originate mortgage loans for OFG’s own portfolio. As part of its mortgage banking activities, OFG may sell loans directly into the secondary market or securitize conforming loans into mortgage-backed securities.
Wealth Management is comprised of the Bank’s trust division, Oriental Financial Services, Oriental Insurance, and OFG Reinsurance. The core operations of this segment are financial planning, securities brokerage services, investment advisory services, insurance, corporate and individual trust and retirement services.
The Treasury segment encompasses all of OFG’s asset/liability management activities, such as purchases and sales of investment securities, interest rate risk management, and borrowings. Intersegment sales and transfers, if any, are accounted for as if the sales or transfers were to third parties, that is, at current market prices.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
Following are the results of operations and the selected financial information by operating segment for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2024
| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total Major Segments |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
| (In thousands)
Interest income | $ | 155,681 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 32,929 |  |  | $ | 188,614 |  |  | $ | (956) |  |  | $ | 187,658 |
Interest expense | (37,654) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,635) |  |  | (41,289) |  |  | 956 |  |  | (40,333) |
Net interest income | 118,027 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 29,294 |  |  | 147,325 |  |  | — |  |  | 147,325 |
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses | 15,589 |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | 15,581 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,581 |
Non-interest income | 24,723 |  |  | 7,654 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 32,476 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,476 |
Non-interest expenses | (87,506) |  |  | (4,623) |  |  | (831) |  |  | (92,960) |  |  | — |  |  | (92,960) |
Intersegment revenue | 415 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 415 |  |  | (415) |  |  | — |
Intersegment expenses | — |  |  | (243) |  |  | (172) |  |  | (415) |  |  | 415 |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes | 40,070 |  |  | 2,792 |  |  | 28,398 |  |  | 71,260 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 71,260 |
Income tax expense | 20,096 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 38 |  |  | 20,129 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,129 |
Net income | $ | 19,974 |  |  | $ | 2,797 |  |  | $ | 28,360 |  |  | $ | 51,131 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,131 |
Total assets | $ | 9,360,801 |  |  | $ | 36,217 |  |  | $ | 3,055,720 |  |  | $ | 12,452,738 |  |  | $ | (1,193,653) |  |  | $ | 11,259,085 |
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2024
| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
| (In thousands)
Interest income | $ | 306,676 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 66,426 |  |  | $ | 373,115 |  |  | $ | (2,031) |  |  | $ | 371,084 |
Interest expense | (73,503) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,185) |  |  | (81,688) |  |  | 2,031 |  |  | (79,657) |
Net interest income | 233,173 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 58,241 |  |  | 291,427 |  |  | — |  |  | 291,427 |
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses | 30,814 |  |  | — |  |  | (112) |  |  | 30,702 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,702 |
Non-interest income, net | 47,788 |  |  | 15,029 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 62,824 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,824 |
Non-interest expenses | (173,496) |  |  | (9,145) |  |  | (1,731) |  |  | (184,372) |  |  | — |  |  | (184,372) |
Intersegment revenue | 839 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 839 |  |  | (839) |  |  | — |
Intersegment expenses | — |  |  | (510) |  |  | (329) |  |  | (839) |  |  | 839 |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes | $ | 77,490 |  |  | $ | 5,387 |  |  | $ | 56,300 |  |  | $ | 139,177 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 139,177 |
Income tax expense | 38,262 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 38,354 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,354 |
Net income | $ | 39,228 |  |  | $ | 5,379 |  |  | $ | 56,216 |  |  | $ | 100,823 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100,823 |
Total assets | $ | 9,360,801 |  |  | $ | 36,217 |  |  | $ | 3,055,720 |  |  | $ | 12,452,738 |  |  | $ | (1,193,653) |  |  | $ | 11,259,085 |

Eliminations include interest income and expense for a time deposit opened by the Bank in Oriental Overseas, an international banking entity organized and licensed under Puerto Rico law, which operates as a unit within the Bank. The time deposit with a balance of $302.4 million and $364.2 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to fund Oriental Overseas operations is included in the Treasury Segment with its corresponding interest expense, and the related interest income is included in the Banking Segment, and are eliminated in the consolidation. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. The decrease in interest income and interest expense from the prior year period was mainly as a result of lower interest rate and average balance.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

| Quarter Ended June 30, 2023
| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total Major Segments |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
| (In thousands)
Interest income | $ | 139,999 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 22,841 |  |  | $ | 162,846 |  |  | $ | (4,858) |  |  | $ | 157,988 |
Interest expense | (15,824) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,378) |  |  | (23,202) |  |  | 4,858 |  |  | (18,344) |
Net interest income | 124,175 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 15,463 |  |  | 139,644 |  |  | — |  |  | 139,644 |
Provision for credit losses | 15,052 |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | 15,044 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,044 |
Non-interest income | 23,354 |  |  | 7,868 |  |  | (1,149) |  |  | 30,073 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,073 |
Non-interest expenses | (83,876) |  |  | (4,138) |  |  | (874) |  |  | (88,888) |  |  | — |  |  | (88,888) |
Intersegment revenue | 575 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 575 |  |  | (575) |  |  | — |
Intersegment expenses | — |  |  | (380) |  |  | (195) |  |  | (575) |  |  | 575 |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes | 49,176 |  |  | 3,356 |  |  | 13,253 |  |  | 65,785 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,785 |
Income tax expense | 21,577 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 21,612 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,612 |
Net income | $ | 27,599 |  |  | $ | 3,336 |  |  | $ | 13,238 |  |  | $ | 44,173 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,173 |
Total assets | $ | 8,720,156 |  |  | $ | 33,946 |  |  | $ | 2,338,820 |  |  | $ | 11,092,922 |  |  | $ | (1,061,375) |  |  | $ | 10,031,547 |
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2023
| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
| (In thousands)
Interest income | $ | 272,424 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 43,967 |  |  | $ | 316,402 |  |  | $ | (9,429) |  |  | $ | 306,973 |
Interest expense | $ | (28,205) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12,656) |  |  | $ | (40,861) |  |  | $ | 9,429 |  |  | $ | (31,432) |
Net interest income | $ | 244,219 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 31,311 |  |  | $ | 275,541 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 275,541 |
Provision for credit losses | $ | 24,457 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 24,489 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,489 |
Non-interest income, net | $ | 44,979 |  |  | $ | 15,144 |  |  | $ | (1,149) |  |  | $ | 58,974 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,974 |
Non-interest expenses | $ | (169,241) |  |  | $ | (8,093) |  |  | $ | (1,774) |  |  | $ | (179,108) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (179,108) |
Intersegment revenue | $ | 1,122 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,122 |  |  | $ | (1,122) |  |  | $ | — |
Intersegment expenses | $ | — |  |  | $ | (758) |  |  | $ | (364) |  |  | $ | (1,122) |  |  | $ | 1,122 |  |  | $ | — |
Income before income taxes | $ | 96,622 |  |  | $ | 6,304 |  |  | $ | 27,992 |  |  | $ | 130,918 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 130,918 |
Income tax expense | $ | 40,469 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 40,516 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,516 |
Net income | $ | 56,153 |  |  | $ | 6,284 |  |  | $ | 27,965 |  |  | $ | 90,402 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,402 |
Total assets | $ | 8,720,156 |  |  | $ | 33,946 |  |  | $ | 2,338,820 |  |  | $ | 11,092,922 |  |  | $ | (1,061,375) |  |  | $ | 10,031,547 |

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item I, “Financial Statements” of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. This discussion and analysis section contains forward-looking statements. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors,” and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 and set forth in our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”), as supplemented and amended by any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.
Other factors not identified above, including those described under the headings in our 2023 Form 10-K and any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q may also cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements.
INTRODUCTION
OFG is a publicly-owned financial holding company that provides wide range of banking and financial services such as commercial, consumer, auto, and mortgage lending, financial planning, insurance sales, investment advisory and securities brokerage services, as well as corporate and individual trust services. It operates through three business segments: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury, and distinguishes itself based on quality service. OFG conducts its business through its main office in San Juan, Puerto Rico, forty-two branches in Puerto Rico and two branches in the U.S. Virgin Islands (the “USVI”). It has five subsidiaries with operations in Puerto Rico: the Bank, Oriental Financial Services, Oriental Insurance, OIB and OBPEF; two subsidiaries in the United States, OFG USA and OFG Ventures; and one subsidiary in the Cayman Islands, OFG Reinsurance. OFG’s long-term goal is to strengthen its banking and financial services franchise by expanding its lending businesses, increasing the level of integration in the marketing and delivery of banking and financial services, continuously improving our already effective asset-liability management, growing non-interest revenue from banking and financial services, as well as achieving greater operating efficiencies.
OFG’s diversified mix of businesses and products generates both the interest income traditionally associated with a banking institution and non-interest income traditionally associated with a financial services institution (generated by such businesses as securities brokerage, fiduciary services, investment advisory, insurance agency and reinsurance). Although all of these businesses, to varying degrees, are affected by interest rate and financial market fluctuations and other external factors, OFG’s commitment is to continue producing a balanced and growing revenue stream.
OFG’s mission is to make possible the progress of our customers, employees, shareholders, and the communities we serve. OFG has been deploying its Digital First strategy to achieve this mission. Our strategy highly differentiates OFG through a sales and service business model and culture that emphasizes convenience and accessibility through digital channels while creating a simple, self-service and enjoyable customer experience. OFG strives to proactively identify the customer’s objectives and needs to offer value-added services that help them achieve financial progress and well-being.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Capital Actions
In January 2024, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.25 per common share from $0.22 per share, beginning in the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The Board of Directors also approved a new $50.0 million stock repurchase program. The new stock repurchase program, which is open-ended, replaces the prior stock repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors in January 2022, which had $17.2 million remaining of its $100.0 million repurchase parameters. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, OFG repurchased 669,200 shares for a total of $24.3 million at an average price of $36.28 per share.
Economic Conditions
We believe that Puerto Rico’s economy continues to demonstrate resiliency and growth and its private sector, including business investments, is expanding. The Puerto Rico Economic Activity Index, as published by the Economic Development Bank for Puerto Rico, slightly decreased 2.0% year-over-year as of April 2024. According to the data published by Economic Development Bank for Puerto Rico, wages are rising, and labor participation is increasing. Total non-farm payroll employment averaged 960,300 jobs in April, equivalent to an increase of 0.8% for that month, in a month-over-month basis, and an annual
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increase of 2.4%. The inflow of federal stimulus and reconstruction funds for rebuilding infrastructure has continued, and we believe this inflow will stimulate the local economy. Nevertheless, OFG continues to pay attention to the potential impact of interest rate changes, inflation, and other economic factors, and global conflicts, all of which could impact our business and results of operations.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses in the consolidated financial statements. Understanding our accounting policies and the extent to which we use management judgment and estimates in applying these policies is integral to understanding our financial statements. We provide a summary of our significant accounting policies in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of our 2023 Form 10-K.
In the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of our 2023 Form 10-K, we identified the Allowance for Credit Losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment as a critical accounting policy and estimate because it involves significant estimation uncertainty that has or is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and update them as necessary based on changing conditions. As part of OFG’s continuous enhancement to the allowance for credit losses methodology, during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, an assessment of the weight of probability scenarios for the US loan segment was performed and updated to use a higher probability level in the moderate recessionary scenario. This change in the allowance for credit losses is considered a change in accounting estimate as per ASC 250-10 provisions, where adjustments should be made prospectively. Apart from the foregoing change, there have been no material changes in the methods that we used to formulate these critical accounting estimates from those discussed in our 2023 Form 10-K.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
We believe that the second quarter of 2024 continued to demonstrate the strength of OFG’s strategies and franchise. EPS-diluted increased 16.1% year-over-year on a 5.2% increase in total core revenues. OFG generated strong performance metrics through consistent growth; increased loans, deposits, and non-interest income; and stable credit quality. Further, we believe that our ‘Digital First’ strategy continues to help expand retail and business relationships through new and upgraded products, services, and self-service tools. In addition, we implemented close to half of our $50 million share buyback program, purchasing $24.3 million of OFG’s shares in the open market. At the same time, Puerto Rico’s economy continued to grow and steadily decouple from mainland economic uncertainties.
Earnings per share diluted of $1.08 compared to $1.05 in the first quarter of 2024 and $0.93 in the second quarter of 2023. Total core revenues of $179.4 million compared to $174.2 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $170.5 million in the second quarter of 2023.
Performance metrics: Net interest margin of 5.51%, return on average assets of 1.82%, return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity of 18.24%, and efficiency ratio of 51.81%.
Total Interest Income of $187.7 million compared to $183.4 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $158.0 million in the second quarter of 2023. Compared to the first quarter of 2024, the second quarter of 2024 primarily reflected higher average balances and yields on loans. The second quarter of 2024 also included $2.1 million from the recovery of a non-accrual U.S. commercial loan paid in full.
Total Interest Expense of $40.3 million compared to $39.3 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $18.3 million in the second quarter of 2023. Compared to the first quarter of 2024, the second quarter of 2024 reflected higher average core deposits and a 7 basis point increase in rates, partially offset by lower average wholesale funding and rate.
Total Banking and Financial Service Revenues of $32.1 million compared to $30.1 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $30.9 million in the second quarter of 2023. Compared to the first quarter of 2024, the second quarter of 2024 reflected higher banking service, wealth management and mortgage banking revenues. Banking service revenues included $0.6 million prepayment fees on U.S. loans, while wealth management included $0.5 million in annual recognition of certain commercial insurance commissions.
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Pre-Provision Net Revenues of $86.8 million compared to $83.0 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $80.8 million in the second quarter of 2023.
Total Provision for Credit Losses of $15.6 million compared to $15.1 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $15.0 million in the second quarter of 2023. The second quarter of 2024 provision primarily reflected increased loan volume.
Credit Quality: Net charge-offs of $15.0 million compared to $19.8 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $6.6 million in the second quarter of 2023. The second quarter of 2024 early and total delinquency rates were 2.81% and 3.71%, respectively. The nonperforming loan rate of 1.08% was the lowest in the last five quarters.
Total Non-Interest Expense of $93.0 million compared to $91.4 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $88.9 million in the second quarter of 2023. Compared to the first quarter of 2024, the second quarter of 2024 included increases of $1.3 million in electronic banking expenses, $1.1 million in professional services fees, and $0.4 million for increased FDIC deposit insurance assessments now that Oriental exceeds $10 billion in assets. This was partially offset by reductions of $1.4 million in foreclosed real estate costs and in FICA payroll-related expenses relative to the prior quarter.
Effective Tax Rate (“ETR”) of 28.2% compared to 26.8% in the first quarter of 2024 and 32.9% in the second quarter of 2023. The second quarter of 2024 reflected an expected 2024 ETR of 29.0% due to higher forecasted business activities with preferential tax treatment under the Puerto Rico tax code, coupled with a $0.8 million tax benefit credit in the second quarter of 2024 compared to $1.1 million discrete benefit for stock vested in in the first quarter of 2024.
Loans Held for Investment of $7.64 billion compared to $7.54 billion in the first quarter of 2024 and $7.12 billion in the second quarter of 2023. Compared to the first quarter of 2024, the second quarter of 2024 increased 1.3%, reflecting growth in Puerto Rico commercial, auto and consumer loans, partially offset by regular paydowns of residential mortgages and prepayment of U.S. commercial loans. Compared to the second quarter of 2023, the first quarter of 2024 loans increased 7.3%.
New Loan Production of $589.0 million compared to $536.6 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $681.8 million in the second quarter of 2023. Compared to the first quarter of 2024, the second quarter of 2024 loan production, led by auto, reflected increases in all categories.
Total Investments of $2.48 billion compared to $2.48 billion in the first quarter of 2024 and $1.70 billion in the second quarter of 2023.
Customer Deposits of $9.60 billion compared to $9.55 billion in the first quarter of 2024 and $8.54 billion in the second quarter of 2023. Compared to the first quarter of 2024, the second quarter of 2024 reflected an increase in commercial deposits partially offset by a decline in retail deposits.
Total Borrowings and Brokered Deposits of $201.2 million compared to $203.3 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $226.5 million in the second quarter of 2023.
Cash and Cash Equivalents of $740.4 million compared to $754.4 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $799.0 million in the second quarter of 2023.
Capital: CET1 ratio was 14.29% compared to 14.45% in the first quarter of 2024 and 14.03% in the second quarter of 2023. The Tangible Common Equity ratio was 10.09% compared to 10.06% in the first quarter of 2024 and 9.99% in the second quarter of 2023. Tangible Book Value of $24.18 per share compared to $23.55 in the first quarter of 2024 and $21.06 in the second quarter of 2023.
66

Selected income statement and balance sheet data and key performance indicators are presented in the tables below:

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance % |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance % |  |
EARNINGS DATA: | (In thousands, except per share data)
Interest income | $ | 187,658 |  | $ | 157,988 |  | 18.8% |  | $ | 371,084 |  | $ | 306,973 |  | 20.9% |  |
Interest expense | 40,333 |  | 18,344 |  | 119.9% |  | 79,657 |  | 31,432 |  | 153.4% |  |
Net interest income | 147,325 |  | 139,644 |  | 5.5% |  | 291,427 |  | 275,541 |  | 5.8% |  |
Provision for credit losses | 15,581 |  | 15,044 |  | 3.6% |  | 30,702 |  | 24,489 |  | 25.4% |  |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 131,744 |  | 124,600 |  | 5.7% |  | 260,725 |  | 251,052 |  | 3.9% |  |
Non-interest income | 32,476 |  | 30,073 |  | 8.0% |  | 62,824 |  | 58,974 |  | 6.5% |  |
Non-interest expenses | 92,960 |  | 88,888 |  | 4.6% |  | 184,372 |  | 179,108 |  | 2.9% |  |
Income before taxes | 71,260 |  | 65,785 |  | 8.3% |  | 139,177 |  | 130,918 |  | 6.3% |  |
Income tax expense | 20,129 |  | 21,612 |  | (6.9)% |  | 38,354 |  | 40,516 |  | (5.3)% |  |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 51,131 |  | $ | 44,173 |  | 15.8% |  | $ | 100,823 |  | $ | 90,402 |  | 11.5% |  |
PER SHARE DATA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.09 |  | $ | 0.93 |  | 17.2% |  | $ | 2.14 |  | $ | 1.91 |  | 12.0% |  |
Diluted | $ | 1.08 |  | $ | 0.93 |  | 16.1% |  | $ | 2.13 |  | $ | 1.89 |  | 12.7% |  |
Average common shares outstanding | 46,952 |  | 47,266 |  | (0.7)% |  | 47,024 |  | 47,432 |  | (0.9)% |  |
Average common shares outstanding and equivalents | 47,131 |  | 47,490 |  | (0.8)% |  | 47,244 |  | 47,716 |  | (1.0)% |  |
Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.25 |  | 0.22 |  | 13.6% |  | $ | 0.50 |  | 0.44 |  | 13.6% |  |
Cash dividends declared on common shares | $ | 11,951 |  | 10,538 |  | 13.4% |  | $ | 23,747 |  | 21,065 |  | 12.7% |  |
PERFORMANCE RATIOS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets (ROA) | 1.82 | % |  | 1.76 | % |  | 3.4% |  | 1.80 | % |  | 1.82 | % |  | (1.1)% |  |
Return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity | 18.24 | % |  | 17.67 | % |  | 3.2% |  | 18.08 | % |  | 18.39 | % |  | (1.7)% |  |
Return on average common equity (ROE) | 16.71 | % |  | 15.93 | % |  | 4.9% |  | 16.55 | % |  | 16.54 | % |  | 0.1% |  |
Efficiency ratio | 51.81 | % |  | 52.13 | % |  | (0.6)% |  | 52.15 | % |  | 53.48 | % |  | (2.5)% |  |
Interest rate spread | 5.36 | % |  | 5.84 | % |  | (8.2)% |  | 5.31 | % |  | 5.84 | % |  | (9.1)% |  |
Interest rate margin | 5.51 | % |  | 5.90 | % |  | (6.6)% |  | 5.45 | % |  | 5.89 | % |  | (7.5)% |  |

67

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  |  | Variance
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | %
PERIOD END BALANCES AND CAPITAL RATIOS: | (In thousands, except per share data)
Investments and loans |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | $ | 2,476,017 |  | $ | 2,686,770 |  |  | (7.8)%
Loans, net | 7,503,142 |  | 7,401,618 |  |  | 1.4%
Total investments and loans | $ | 9,979,159 |  | $ | 10,088,388 |  |  | (1.1)%
Deposits and borrowings |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 9,605,250 |  | $ | 9,762,169 |  |  | (1.6)%
Borrowings | 200,741 |  | 200,770 |  |  | —%
Total deposits and borrowings | $ | 9,805,991 |  | $ | 9,962,939 |  |  | (1.6)%
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock | 59,885 |  | 59,885 |  |  | —%
Additional paid-in capital | 637,895 |  | 638,667 |  |  | (0.1)%
Legal surplus | 160,560 |  | 150,967 |  |  | 6.4%
Retained earnings | 706,807 |  | 639,324 |  |  | 10.6%
Treasury stock, at cost | (250,951) |  | (228,350) |  |  | 9.9%
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (86,494) |  | (67,013) |  |  | 29.1%
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,227,702 |  | $ | 1,193,480 |  |  | 2.9%
Per share data |  |  |  |  |  |
Book value per common share | $ | 26.37 |  | $ | 25.36 |  |  | 4.0%
Tangible book value per common share | $ | 24.18 |  | $ | 23.13 |  |  | 4.5%
Market price | $ | 37.45 |  | $ | 37.48 |  |  | (0.1)%
Capital ratios |  |  |  |  |  |
Leverage capital | 10.86 | % |  | 11.03 | % |  |  | (1.5)%
Common equity Tier 1 capital | 14.29 | % |  | 14.12 | % |  |  | 1.2%
Tier 1 risk-based capital | 14.29 | % |  | 14.12 | % |  |  | 1.2%
Total risk-based capital | 15.54 | % |  | 15.37 | % |  |  | 1.1%
Financial assets managed |  |  |  |  |  |
Trust assets managed | $ | 2,200,102 |  | $ | 2,511,880 |  |  | (12.4)%
Broker-dealer assets managed | 2,159,204 |  | 2,446,281 |  |  | (11.7)%
Total assets managed | $ | 4,359,306 |  | $ | 4,958,161 |  |  | (12.1)%

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following tables show major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, their respective interest income, expenses, yields and costs, and their impact on net interest income due to changes in volume and rates for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
68

TABLE 1 - ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME AND CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME/RATE FOR THE QUARTERS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

| Interest |  | Average rate |  | Average balance
| June 2024 |  | June 2023 |  | June 2024 |  | June 2023 |  | June 2024 |  | June 2023
| (Dollars in thousands)
A - TAX EQUIVALENT SPREAD |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets | $ | 187,658 |  |  | $ | 157,988 |  |  | 7.02 | % |  | 6.68 | % |  | $ | 10,758,623 |  | $ | 9,492,861
Tax equivalent adjustment | 3,566 |  |  | 3,938 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | 0.17 | % |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest-earning assets - tax equivalent | 191,224 |  |  | 161,926 |  |  | 7.15 | % |  | 6.85 | % |  | 10,758,623 |  | 9,492,861
Interest-bearing liabilities | 40,333 |  |  | 18,344 |  |  | 1.65 | % |  | 0.84 | % |  | 9,821,311 |  | 8,757,839
Tax equivalent net interest income / spread | 150,891 |  |  | 143,582 |  |  | 5.50 | % |  | 6.01 | % |  | 937,312 |  | 735,022
Tax equivalent interest rate margin |  |  |  |  | 5.63 | % |  | 6.18 | % |  |  |  |
B - NORMAL SPREAD |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | 24,666 |  |  | 13,441 |  |  | 3.96 | % |  | 2.99 | % |  | 2,489,488 |  | 1,796,517
Interest bearing cash and money market investments | 8,735 |  |  | 9,029 |  |  | 5.35 | % |  | 5.22 | % |  | 656,728 |  | 693,373
Total investments | 33,401 |  |  | 22,470 |  |  | 4.27 | % |  | 3.62 | % |  | 3,146,216 |  | 2,489,890
Non-PCD loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage | 8,214 |  |  | 8,653 |  |  | 5.62 | % |  | 5.55 | % |  | 584,420 |  | 623,773
Commercial | 59,658 |  |  | 47,825 |  |  | 8.16 | % |  | 7.57 | % |  | 2,941,010 |  | 2,533,434
Consumer | 19,016 |  |  | 17,214 |  |  | 11.54 | % |  | 11.39 | % |  | 662,680 |  | 606,101
Auto | 50,853 |  |  | 43,007 |  |  | 8.56 | % |  | 8.30 | % |  | 2,388,524 |  | 2,077,552
Total Non-PCD loans | 137,741 |  |  | 116,699 |  |  | 8.42 | % |  | 8.01 | % |  | 6,576,634 |  | 5,840,860
PCD loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage | 14,059 |  |  | 15,761 |  |  | 6.28 | % |  | 6.35 | % |  | 895,163 |  | 993,100
Commercial | 2,406 |  |  | 2,940 |  |  | 6.93 | % |  | 7.15 | % |  | 138,910 |  | 164,552
Consumer | 17 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 10.94 | % |  | 3.07 | % |  | 635 |  | 741
Auto | 34 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 12.76 | % |  | 12.05 | % |  | 1,065 |  | 3,718
Total PCD loans | 16,516 |  |  | 18,819 |  |  | 6.38 | % |  | 6.48 | % |  | 1,035,773 |  | 1,162,111
Total loans (1) | 154,257 |  |  | 135,518 |  |  | 8.15 | % |  | 7.76 | % |  | 7,612,407 |  | 7,002,971
Total interest-earning assets | 187,658 |  |  | 157,988 |  |  | 7.02 | % |  | 6.68 | % |  | 10,758,623 |  | 9,492,861
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NOW Accounts | 20,964 |  |  | 4,973 |  |  | 2.45 | % |  | 0.81 | % |  | 3,448,144 |  | 2,455,040
Savings and money market | 4,587 |  |  | 4,129 |  |  | 0.91 | % |  | 0.75 | % |  | 2,020,653 |  | 2,222,710
Time deposits | 11,109 |  |  | 5,493 |  |  | 2.88 | % |  | 1.72 | % |  | 1,552,829 |  | 1,277,861
Total core deposits | 36,660 |  |  | 14,595 |  |  | 2.10 | % |  | 0.98 | % |  | 7,021,626 |  | 5,955,611
Brokered deposits | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 5.28 | % |  | — | % |  | 1,566 |  | —
| 36,681 |  |  | 14,595 |  |  | 2.10 | % |  | 0.98 | % |  | 7,023,192 |  | 5,955,611
Non-interest bearing deposits | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,578,216 |  | 2,575,972

69

| Interest |  | Average rate |  | Average balance
| June 2024 |  | June 2023 |  | June 2024 |  | June 2023 |  | June 2024 |  | June 2023
| (Dollars in thousands)
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations | 1,131 |  |  | 1,321 |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — |  | —
Total deposits | 37,812 |  |  | 15,916 |  |  | 1.58 | % |  | 0.75 | % |  | 9,601,408 |  |  | 8,531,583 |
Borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings | 2,521 |  |  | 2,428 |  |  | 4.61 | % |  | 4.30 | % |  | 219,903 |  | 226,256
Total borrowings | 2,521 |  |  | 2,428 |  |  | 4.61 | % |  | 4.30 | % |  | 219,903 |  | 226,256
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 40,333 |  |  | 18,344 |  |  | 1.65 | % |  | 0.84 | % |  | 9,821,311 |  | 8,757,839
Net interest income / spread | $ | 147,325 |  |  | $ | 139,644 |  |  | 5.36 | % |  | 5.84 | % |  |  |  |
Interest rate margin |  |  |  |  | 5.51 | % |  | 5.90 | % |  |  |  |
Excess of average interest-earning assets over average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 937,312 |  | $ | 735,022
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 109.54 | % |  | 108.39 | %
(1) Includes loans held for sale and excludes allowance for credit losses. Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis

C - CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME DUE TO:

| Volume |  | Rate |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Interest Income: |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | $ | 5,694 |  |  | $ | 5,531 |  |  | $ | 11,225 |
Interest bearing cash and money market investments | (885) |  |  | 591 |  |  | (294) |
Loans | 13,643 |  |  | 5,096 |  |  | 18,739 |
Total interest income | 18,452 |  |  | 11,218 |  |  | 29,670 |
Interest Expense: |  |  |  |  |
NOW Accounts | 2,689 |  |  | 13,302 |  |  | 15,991 |
Savings and money market | (400) |  |  | 858 |  |  | 458 |
Time deposits | 2,051 |  |  | 3,565 |  |  | 5,616 |
Brokered deposits | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 21 |
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations | — |  |  | (190) |  |  | (190) |
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings | (70) |  |  | 163 |  |  | 93 |
Total interest expense | 4,280 |  |  | 17,709 |  |  | 21,989 |
Net Interest Income | $ | 14,172 |  |  | $ | (6,491) |  |  | $ | 7,681 |

70

TABLE 1 - ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME AND CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME/RATE
FOR THE SIX-MONTH PERIODS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023

| Interest |  | Average rate |  | Average balance
| June 2024 |  | June 2023 |  | June 2024 |  | June 2023 |  | June 2024 |  | June 2023
| (Dollars in thousands)
A - TAX EQUIVALENT SPREAD |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets | $ | 371,084 |  |  | 306,973 |  |  | 6.94 | % |  | 6.57 | % |  | $ | 10,749,306 |  | $ | 9,426,405
Tax equivalent adjustment | 7,756 |  |  | 8,573 |  | 0.14 | % |  | 0.18 | % |  | — |  | — |
Interest-earning assets - tax equivalent | 378,840 |  |  | 315,546 |  |  | 7.08 | % |  | 6.75 | % |  | 10,749,306 |  | 9,426,405
Interest-bearing liabilities | 79,657 |  |  | 31,432 |  | 1.63 | % |  | 0.73 | % |  | 9,816,806 |  | 8,712,977
Tax equivalent net interest income / spread | 299,183 |  |  | 284,114 |  |  | 5.45 | % |  | 6.02 | % |  | 932,500 |  | 713,428
Tax equivalent interest rate margin |  |  |  |  | 5.59 | % |  | 6.20 | % |  |  |  |
B - NORMAL SPREAD |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | 50,502 |  |  | 27,669 |  | 3.97 | % |  | 2.96 | % |  | 2,543,515 |  | 1,867,857
Interest bearing cash and money market investments | 16,731 |  |  | 15,475 |  | 5.35 | % |  | 5.01 | % |  | 628,709 |  | 623,393
Total investments | 67,233 |  |  | 43,144 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  | 3.49 | % |  | 3,172,224 |  | 2,491,250
Non-PCD loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans | 16,443 |  |  | 17,226 |  | 5.59 | % |  | 5.48 | % |  | 588,021 |  | 628,423
Commercial loans | 116,893 |  |  | 92,123 |  | 7.99 | % |  | 7.44 | % |  | 2,933,046 |  | 2,495,892
Consumer loans | 37,639 |  |  | 33,452 |  | 11.51 | % |  | 11.39 | % |  | 657,451 |  | 592,469
Auto loans | 99,738 |  |  | 83,228 |  | 8.54 | % |  | 8.23 | % |  | 2,347,823 |  | 2,039,598
Total Non-PCD loans | 270,713 |  |  | 226,029 |  |  | 8.34 | % |  | 7.92 | % |  | 6,526,341 |  | 5,756,382
PCD loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans | 28,485 |  |  | 31,468 |  | 6.28 | % |  | 6.25 | % |  | 907,411 |  | 1,006,623
Commercial loans | 4,526 |  |  | 6,053 |  | 6.40 | % |  | 3.62 | % |  | 141,399 |  | 167,100
Consumer loans | 35 |  |  | 51 |  | 11.23 | % |  | 13.36 | % |  | 629 |  | 761
Auto loans | 92 |  |  | 228 |  | 14.22 | % |  | 5.32 | % |  | 1,302 |  | 4,289
Total PCD loans | 33,138 |  |  | 37,800 |  |  | 6.31 | % |  | 6.41 | % |  | 1,050,741 |  | 1,178,773
Total loans (1) | 303,851 |  |  | 263,829 |  |  | 8.06 | % |  | 7.67 | % |  | 7,577,082 |  | 6,935,155
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 371,084 |  |  | 306,973 |  |  | 6.94 | % |  | 6.57 | % |  | $ | 10,749,306 |  | $ | 9,426,405

71

| Interest |  | Average rate |  | Average balance
| June 2024 |  | June 2023 |  | June 2024 |  | June 2023 |  | June 2024 |  | June 2023
| (Dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NOW Accounts | 41,479 |  |  | 9,187 |  |  | 2.41 | % |  | 0.75 | % |  | 3,460,498 |  | 2,476,360
Savings accounts | 9,004 |  |  | 7,264 |  |  | 0.89 | % |  | 0.66 | % |  | 2,031,759 |  | 2,227,196
Time deposits | 21,032 |  |  | 9,313 |  |  | 2.79 | % |  | 1.51 | % |  | 1,516,791 |  | 1,243,835
Total core deposits | 71,515 |  |  | 25,764 |  |  | 2.05 | % |  | 0.87 | % |  | 7,009,048 |  | 5,947,391
Brokered deposits | 824 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5.50 | % |  | 0.30 | % |  | 30,152 |  | 5,086
| 72,339 |  |  | 25,772 |  |  | 2.06 | % |  | 0.88 | % |  | 7,039,200 |  | 5,952,477
Non-interest bearing deposits | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 2,557,268 |  | 2,614,840
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations | 2,265 |  |  | 2,641 |  |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — |  | — |
Total deposits | 74,604 |  |  | 28,413 |  |  | 1.56 | % |  | 0.67 | % |  | 9,596,468 |  | 8,567,317
Borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings | 5,053 |  |  | 3,019 |  |  | 4.61 | % |  | 4.18 | % |  | 220,338 |  | 145,660
Total borrowings | 5,053 |  |  | 3,019 |  |  | 4.61 | % |  | 4.18 | % |  | 220,338 |  | 145,660
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 79,657 |  |  | 31,432 |  |  | 1.63 | % |  | 0.73 | % |  | 9,816,806 |  | 8,712,977
Net interest income / spread | $ | 291,427 |  |  | $ | 275,541 |  |  | 5.31 | % |  | 5.84 | % |  |  |  |
Interest rate margin |  |  |  |  | 5.45 | % |  | 5.89 | % |  |  |  |
Excess of average interest-earning assets over average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 932,500 |  | $ | 713,428
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 109.50 | % |  | 108.19 | %
(1) Includes loans held for sale and excludes allowance for credit losses. Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.

72

C - CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME DUE TO:

| Volume |  | Rate |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Interest Income: |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | $ | 11,071 |  |  | $ | 11,762 |  |  | $ | 22,833 |
Interest-bearing cash and money market investments | (620) |  |  | 1,876 |  | 1,256 |
Loans | 28,447 |  | 11,575 |  | 40,022 |
Total interest income | 38,898 |  |  | 25,213 |  |  | 64,111 |
Interest Expense: |  |  |  |  |
NOW accounts | 4,907 |  |  | 27,385 |  |  | 32,292 |
Savings accounts | (688) |  |  | 2,428 |  |  | 1,740 |
Time deposits | 3,622 |  |  | 8,097 |  |  | 11,719 |
Brokered deposits | 181 |  |  | 635 |  |  | 816 |
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations | — |  |  | (376) |  |  | (376) |
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings | 1,687 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 2,034 |
Total interest expense | 9,709 |  |  | 38,516 |  |  | 48,225 |
Net Interest Income | $ | 29,189 |  |  | $ | (13,303) |  |  | $ | 15,886 |

Net Interest Income
Net interest income is a function of the difference between rates earned on OFG’s interest-earning assets and rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate spread) and the relative amounts of its interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate margin). OFG constantly monitors the composition and re-pricing of its assets and liabilities to maintain its net interest income at adequate levels.
Comparison of quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
N et interest income of $147.3 million increased $7.7 million from $139.6 million. Tax equivalent basis net interest income of $150.9 million increased $7.3 million, or 5.1%, from $143.6 million.
Interest rate spread decreased 48 basis points to 5.36% from 5.84% and net interest margin decreased 39 basis points to 5.51% from 5.90%.
Net interest income was positively impacted by:
•A $18.7 million increase in interest income from loans, primarily driven by: (i) higher interest income from commercial loans by $11.3 million, reflecting the upward repricing of variable rate loans, increased yields on new loans originated during 2024 and a $2.1 million recovery of a non-accrual commercial US loan paid in full; (ii) higher interest income from auto loans by $7.8 million, mainly due to an increase in the average balance of this portfolio by $308.3 million; and (iii) higher interest income from consumer loans by $1.8 million, mainly due to an increase in the average balance of this portfolio by $56.5 million. These increases were partially offset by lower interest income from residential mortgage loans by $2.1 million, reflecting a decrease in the average balance of this portfolio by $137.3 million, mainly from regular paydowns and the securitization and sale of conforming loans; and
•A $11.2 million increase in interest income from investments securities, primarily related to higher yield by 97 basis points, which contributed to an increase in interest income of approximately $5.5 million and higher average volume of $693.0 million, resulting in an increase in interest income of approximately $5.7 million.
These increases were offset by higher interest expense of $22.0 million, $21.9 million from deposits due to higher average cost of 83 basis points, reflecting a $1.2 billion deposit from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client received during the fourth quarter of 2023 with variable interest rate.
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Comparison of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Net interest income of $291.4 million increased by $15.9 million from $275.5 million. Tax equivalent basis net interest income of $299.2 million increased $15.1 million, or 5.3%, from $284.1 million.
Interest rate spread decreased by 53 basis points to 5.31% from 5.84% and net interest margin decreased 44 basis points to 5.45% from 5.89%. This decrease reflects an increase of 37 and 90 basis points, respectively, in the total average yield of interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
Net interest income was positively impacted by:
•A $40.0 million increase in interest income from loans driven by higher interest income from: (i) commercial loans of $23.2 million, primarily related to the upward repricing of variable rate commercial loans, increased yields on new loans originated during 2024, and higher average balance; (ii) consumer loans of $4.2 million mainly due to an increase of $64.9 million in the average balance of this portfolio; and (iii) auto loans of $16.4 million reflecting higher originations during 2024. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $3.8 million in interest income from mortgage loans due to a reduction of $139.6 million in the average balance of this portfolio, mainly from regular paydowns and the securitization and sale of conforming loans;
•A $22.8 million increase in interest income from investment securities, primarily related to a higher average volume of $675.7 million, which resulted in an increase in interest income of $11.1 million, and higher yield by 101 basis points, which contributed to the increase in net interest income of $11.8 million; and
•A $1.3 million increase in interest income from higher yield in lower balances of interest-bearing cash and money market related to higher interest rates.
These increases were partially offset by higher interest expense of $48.2 million from (i) interest paid on deposits of $46.2 million due to higher average cost of total deposits of 89 basis points, reflecting a $1.2 billion deposit from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client received during the fourth quarter of 2023 with a variable interest rate, and (ii) $2.0 million interest expense on the $200.0 million two-year FHLB advance taken in late 2023.
TABLE 2 - NON-INTEREST INCOME SUMMARY

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance % |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance %
| (In thousands) |  | (In thousands)
Banking service revenue | $ | 18,781 |  |  | $ | 17,440 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | $ | 36,040 |  |  | $ | 34,953 |  |  | 3.1 | %
Wealth management revenue | 8,440 |  |  | 8,194 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  | 16,547 |  |  | 15,314 |  |  | 8.1 | %
Mortgage banking activities | 4,864 |  |  | 5,225 |  |  | (6.9) | % |  | 9,557 |  |  | 9,123 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Total banking and financial service revenue | 32,085 |  |  | 30,859 |  |  | 4.0 | % |  | 62,144 |  |  | 59,390 |  |  | 4.6 | %
Net loss on sale of securities | — |  |  | (1,149) |  |  | (100.0) | % |  | (7) |  |  | (1,149) |  |  | (99.4) | %
Other non-interest income | 391 |  |  | 363 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | 687 |  |  | 733 |  |  | (6.3) | %
Total non-interest income | $ | 32,476 |  |  | $ | 30,073 |  |  | 8.0 | % |  | $ | 62,824 |  |  | $ | 58,974 |  |  | 6.5 | %

Non-Interest Income
Non-interest income is affected by fees generated from loans and deposit accounts, the amount of assets under management of the Bank’s trust department, transactions generated by clients’ financial assets serviced by OFG’s securities broker-dealer, insurance agency and reinsurance subsidiaries, the level of mortgage banking activities, and gains or losses on sales of assets.
Comparison of quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
OFG recorded non-interest income, net, in the amount of $32.5 million, compared to $30.1 million, an increase of 8.0%, or $2.4 million. The increase in non-interest income was mainly due to the net effect of:
•A $1.3 million increase in banking service revenues mainly due to: (i) higher debit card income of $639 thousand and merchant income of $300 thousand resulting from higher transactionality and migration of USVI merchant activity,
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(ii) $623 thousand prepayment fees, mainly from US commercial loans; offset by lower fees on deposits of $311 thousand from lower maintenance and overdrawn fees and higher waived fees.
•A $1.1 million loss associated with the sale of a $203.3 million short-term US treasury note available for sale during 2023, there were no sales of investments during the second quarter of 2024; and
•A $246 thousand increase in wealth management revenue primarily reflecting: (i) $212 thousand increase in broker-dealer fees related to higher market asset values and investment advisory services fees and (ii) $137 thousand increase in insurance income related to $123 thousand from reinsurance income, partially offset by lower annuities income of $92 thousand.
These increases were partially offset by a $361 thousand decrease in mortgage banking activities mainly from unfavorable impact in mortgage servicing rights valuation and lower servicing fees, partially offset by gains on repurchased loan sales in the current quarter.
Comparison of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
OFG recorded non-interest income in the amount of $62.8 million, compared to $59.0 million, an increase of 6.5%, or $3.9 million. The increase in non-interest income was mainly due to:
•A $1.2 million increase in wealth management revenue primarily reflecting: (i) $519 thousand increase in broker-dealer fees related to higher market values of assets and investments advisory services fees, (ii) $449 thousand increase in insurance income related to $298 thousand from reinsurance income and $120 thousand in annuities income;
•A $1.1 million loss associated with the sale of a $149.4 million short-term US treasury note available for sale during 2023; and
•A $1.1 million increase in banking service revenues mainly due to: (i) higher debit card income of $675 thousand and merchant income of $411 thousand resulting from higher volume and migration of USVI merchants, and (ii) $623 thousand prepayment fees, mainly from US commercial loans; offset by lower fees on deposits of $389 thousand from lower maintenance and overdrawn fees and higher waived fees.
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TABLE 3 - NON-INTEREST EXPENSES SUMMARY

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance % |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance %
| (In thousands) |  | (In thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits | $ | 38,467 |  | $ | 37,841 |  | 1.7 | % |  | $ | 78,283 |  | $ | 76,314 |  | 2.6 | %
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs | 14,393 |  | 14,362 |  | 0.2 | % |  | 28,715 |  | 28,619 |  | 0.3 | %
Electronic banking charges | 11,687 |  | 10,262 |  | 13.9 | % |  | 22,053 |  | 20,598 |  | 7.1 | %
Information technology expenses | 6,565 |  | 7,188 |  | -8.7 | % |  | 13,168 |  | 13,606 |  | -3.2 | %
Professional and service fees | 5,117 |  | 5,319 |  | -3.8 | % |  | 9,121 |  | 10,383 |  | -12.2 | %
Taxes, other than payroll and income taxes | 3,224 |  | 3,265 |  | -1.3 | % |  | 6,467 |  | 6,538 |  | -1.1 | %
Insurance | 3,117 |  | 2,689 |  | 15.9 | % |  | 5,793 |  | 5,606 |  | 3.3 | %
Loan servicing and clearing expenses | 1,890 |  | 1,866 |  | 1.3 | % |  | 4,000 |  | 4,133 |  | -3.2 | %
Advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives | 2,445 |  | 2,063 |  | 18.5 | % |  | 4,824 |  | 4,098 |  | 17.7 | %
Communication | 1,219 |  | 1,160 |  | 5.1 | % |  | 2,300 |  | 2,189 |  | 5.1 | %
Printing, postage, stationery and supplies | 939 |  | 866 |  | 8.4 | % |  | 1,898 |  | 1,596 |  | 18.9 | %
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income, net of expenses | (731) |  | (2,320) |  | -68.5 | % |  | (63) |  | (1,527) |  | 95.9 | %
Other | 4,628 |  | 4,327 |  | 7.0 | % |  | 7,813 |  | 6,955 |  | 12.3 | %
Total non-interest expenses | $ | 92,960 |  | $ | 88,888 |  | 4.6 | % |  | $ | 184,372 |  | $ | 179,108 |  | 2.9 | %
Relevant ratios and data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Efficiency ratio | 51.81 | % |  | 52.13 | % |  |  |  | 52.15 | % |  | 53.48 | % |  |
Compensation and benefits to non-interest expense | 41.38 | % |  | 42.57 | % |  |  |  | 42.46 | % |  | 42.61 | % |  |
Compensation to average total assets owned | 1.37 | % |  | 1.51 | % |  |  |  | 1.40 | % |  | 1.53 | % |  |
Number of employees end of period | 2,239 |  |  | 2,265 |  |  |  |  | 2,239 |  |  | 2,265 |  |  |
Average number of employees | 2,226 |  |  | 2,263 |  |  |  |  | 2,229 |  |  | 2,257 |  |  |
Average compensation per employee (in thousands) | $ | 69.11 |  |  | $ | 66.89 |  |  |  |  | $ | 70.24 |  |  | $ | 67.62 |  |  |
Average loans per average employee | $ | 3,419 |  |  | $ | 3,095 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,399 |  |  | $ | 3,073 |  |  |

Comparison of quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Non-interest expense was $93.0 million, representing an increase of 4.6% or $4.1 million, compared to $88.9 million. The increase in non-interest expense was mainly due to:
•Decrease of $1.6 million in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income, net of expenses due to lower valuation adjustments and lower gain on sale of foreclosed real estate due to lower volume of properties sold.
•Increase of $1.4 million in electronic banking charges mainly due to increases of $1.2 million in point-of-sale and merchant-related fees due to increased transaction volumes.
•Increase of $626 thousand in compensation and employee benefits, as a result of higher salaries and benefits, including payroll taxes; and
•Increase of $428 thousand in insurance expenses related to higher FDIC deposit insurance assessment expense as a result of the Bank exceeding $10 billion in assets.
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The efficiency ratio was 51.81%, an improvement from 52.13%. The efficiency ratio measures how much of OFG’s revenues is used to pay operating expenses. OFG computes its efficiency ratio by dividing non-interest expenses by the sum of its net interest income and non-interest income, but excluding gains on the sale of investment securities, other gains and losses, and other income that may be considered volatile in nature. Management believes that the exclusion of those items permits consistent comparability. Amounts presented as part of non-interest income that were excluded from the adjusted efficiency ratio computation for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $391 thousand and $786 thousand, respectively.
Comparison of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Non-interest expense was $184.4 million, representing an increase of 2.9%, or $5.3 million, compared to $179.1 million. The increase in non-interest expense was mainly due to:
•Increase in compensation and employee benefits of $2.0 million due to higher salaries and benefits, including payroll taxes;
•Decrease of $1.5 million in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income, net of expenses due to lower valuation adjustments and lower gain on sale of foreclosed real estate due to lower volume of properties sold;
•Increase of $1.5 million in electronic banking charges mainly due to increases of $2.1 million in point-of-sale and merchant-related fees from higher volume, partially offset by a $400 thousand annual transaction processing incentive; and
•Increase of $858 thousand in other expenses, primarily driven by a $993 thousand accrual recorded during the current period related to regulatory examinations.
The increase in non-interest expense was partially offset by, a decrease in professional and service fees of $1.3 million, reflecting lower balances in compliance-related expenses.
The efficiency ratio was 52.15%, an improvement from 53.48%. Amounts presented as part of non-interest income that were excluded from the efficiency ratio computation for six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $680 thousand and $416 thousand, respectively.
Provision for Credit Losses
Comparison of quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Provision for credit losses increased by $537 thousand to $15.6 million from $15.0 million. The provision for credit losses for the second quarter of 2024, reflected a provision of $11.3 million related to the growth in loan balances, $2.8 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves, mainly in the US commercial loan portfolio, $2.1 million associated with qualitative adjustment, mainly in auto loans, and $1.5 million in loss rate models. These increases were partially offset by $2.0 million in changes in the economic model.
The provision for credit losses for the second quarter of 2023 reflected a provision of $6.3 million related to the growth in loan balances and a provision of $9.4 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves, mainly in the US commercial loan portfolio, and $1.6 million associated with qualitative adjustment, partially offset by $2.8 million for changes in the economic and loss rate models.
Comparison of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Provision for credit losses increased $6.2 million to $30.7 million from $24.5 million. The provision for credit losses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, reflected adjustments of $26.4 million related to the growth in loan balances, $4.5 million from loss rate model and $2.9 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves, mainly in the US commercial loan portfolio, offset by a $4.9 million release from economic model.
The provision for credit losses for 2023 reflected a provision of $12.5 million related to the growth in loan balances, a provision of $13.5 million related to commercial specific loan reserves, mainly in the US commercial loan portfolio, and $1.0 million associated with qualitative adjustment, partially offset by releases of $3.1 million for changes in the economic and loss rate models.
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Business Segments
OFG segregates its businesses into the following segments: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury. Management established the reportable segments based on the internal reporting used to evaluate performance and to assess where to allocate resources. Other factors such as OFG’s organization, nature of its products, distribution channels and economic characteristics of its services were also considered in the determination of the reportable segments. OFG measures the performance of these reportable segments based on pre-established goals of different financial parameters such as net income, net interest income, loan production, and fees generated. OFG’s methodology for allocating non-interest expenses among segments is based on several factors such as revenue, employee headcount, occupied space, dedicated services or time, among others. Following are the results of operations and the selected financial information by operating segment for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

TABLE 4 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS
| Quarter Ended June 30, 2024
| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total Major Segments |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
| (In thousands)
Interest income | $ | 155,681 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 32,929 |  |  | $ | 188,614 |  |  | $ | (956) |  |  | $ | 187,658 |
Interest expense | (37,654) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,635) |  |  | (41,289) |  |  | 956 |  |  | (40,333) |
Net interest income | 118,027 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 29,294 |  |  | 147,325 |  |  | — |  |  | 147,325 |
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses | 15,589 |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | 15,581 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,581 |
Non-interest income | 24,723 |  |  | 7,654 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 32,476 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,476 |
Non-interest expenses | (87,506) |  |  | (4,623) |  |  | (831) |  |  | (92,960) |  |  | — |  |  | (92,960) |
Intersegment revenue | 415 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 415 |  |  | (415) |  |  | — |
Intersegment expenses | — |  |  | (243) |  |  | (172) |  |  | (415) |  |  | 415 |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes | 40,070 |  |  | 2,792 |  |  | 28,398 |  |  | 71,260 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,260 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 20,096 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 38 |  |  | 20,129 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,129 |
Net income | $ | 19,974 |  |  | $ | 2,797 |  |  | $ | 28,360 |  |  | $ | 51,131 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,131 |
Total assets | $ | 9,360,801 |  |  | $ | 36,217 |  |  | $ | 3,055,720 |  |  | $ | 12,452,738 |  |  | $ | (1,193,653) |  |  | $ | 11,259,085 |
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2024
| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
| (In thousands)
Interest income | $ | 306,676 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 66,426 |  |  | $ | 373,115 |  |  | $ | (2,031) |  |  | $ | 371,084 |
Interest expense | (73,503) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,185) |  |  | (81,688) |  |  | 2,031 |  |  | (79,657) |
Net interest income | 233,173 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 58,241 |  |  | 291,427 |  |  | — |  |  | 291,427 |
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses | 30,814 |  |  | — |  |  | (112) |  |  | 30,702 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,702 |
Non-interest income, net | 47,788 |  |  | 15,029 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 62,824 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,824 |
Non-interest expenses | (173,496) |  |  | (9,145) |  |  | (1,731) |  |  | (184,372) |  |  | — |  |  | (184,372) |
Intersegment revenue | 839 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 839 |  |  | (839) |  |  | — |
Intersegment expenses | — |  |  | (510) |  |  | (329) |  |  | (839) |  |  | 839 |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes | $ | 77,490 |  |  | $ | 5,387 |  |  | $ | 56,300 |  |  | $ | 139,177 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 139,177 |
Income tax expense | 38,262 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 38,354 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,354 |
Net income | $ | 39,228 |  |  | $ | 5,379 |  |  | $ | 56,216 |  |  | $ | 100,823 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100,823 |
Total assets | $ | 9,360,801 |  |  | $ | 36,217 |  |  | $ | 3,055,720 |  |  | $ | 12,452,738 |  |  | $ | (1,193,653) |  |  | $ | 11,259,085 |

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| Quarter Ended June 30, 2023
| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total Major Segments |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
| (In thousands)
Interest income | $ | 139,999 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 22,841 |  |  | $ | 162,846 |  |  | $ | (4,858) |  |  | $ | 157,988 |
Interest expense | (15,824) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,378) |  |  | (23,202) |  |  | 4,858 |  |  | (18,344) |
Net interest income | 124,175 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 15,463 |  |  | 139,644 |  |  | — |  |  | 139,644 |
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses | 15,052 |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | 15,044 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,044 |
Non-interest income (loss), net | 23,354 |  |  | 7,868 |  |  | (1,149) |  |  | 30,073 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,073 |
Non-interest expenses | (83,876) |  |  | (4,138) |  |  | (874) |  |  | (88,888) |  |  | — |  |  | (88,888) |
Intersegment revenue | 575 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 575 |  |  | (575) |  |  | — |
Intersegment expenses | — |  |  | (380) |  |  | (195) |  |  | (575) |  |  | 575 |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes | 49,176 |  |  | 3,356 |  |  | 13,253 |  |  | 65,785 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,785 |
Income tax expense | 21,577 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 21,612 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,612 |
Net income | $ | 27,599 |  |  | $ | 3,336 |  |  | $ | 13,238 |  |  | $ | 44,173 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,173 |
Total assets | $ | 8,720,156 |  |  | $ | 33,946 |  |  | $ | 2,338,820 |  |  | $ | 11,092,922 |  |  | $ | (1,061,375) |  |  | $ | 10,031,547 |
| Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2023
| Banking |  | Wealth Management |  | Treasury |  | Total |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
| (In thousands)
Interest income | $ | 272,424 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 43,967 |  |  | $ | 316,402 |  |  | $ | (9,429) |  |  | $ | 306,973 |
Interest expense | (28,205) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,656) |  |  | (40,861) |  |  | 9,429 |  |  | (31,432) |
Net interest income | 244,219 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 31,311 |  |  | 275,541 |  |  | — |  |  | 275,541 |
Provision for credit losses | 24,457 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | 24,489 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,489 |
Non-interest income (loss), net | 44,979 |  |  | 15,144 |  |  | (1,149) |  |  | 58,974 |  |  | — |  |  | 58,974 |
Non-interest expenses | (169,241) |  |  | (8,093) |  |  | (1,774) |  |  | (179,108) |  |  | — |  |  | (179,108) |
Intersegment revenue | 1,122 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,122 |  |  | (1,122) |  |  | — |
Intersegment expenses | — |  |  | (758) |  |  | (364) |  |  | (1,122) |  |  | 1,122 |  |  | — |
Income before income taxes | $ | 96,622 |  |  | $ | 6,304 |  |  | $ | 27,992 |  |  | $ | 130,918 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 130,918 |
Income tax expense | 40,469 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 40,516 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,516 |
Net income | $ | 56,153 |  |  | $ | 6,284 |  |  | $ | 27,965 |  |  | $ | 90,402 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,402 |
Total assets | $ | 8,720,156 |  |  | $ | 33,946 |  |  | $ | 2,338,820 |  |  | $ | 11,092,922 |  |  | $ | (1,061,375) |  |  | $ | 10,031,547 |

Eliminations include interest income and expense for a time deposit opened by the Bank in Oriental Overseas, an international banking entity organized and licensed under Puerto Rico law, which operates as a unit within the Bank. The time deposit with a balance of $302.4 million and $364.2 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to fund Oriental Overseas operations is included in the Treasury Segment with its corresponding interest expense, and the related interest income is included in the Banking Segment, and are eliminated in the consolidation. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. The decrease in interest income and interest expense from the prior year period was mainly as a result of lower interest rate and average balance.
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Comparison of quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Banking
OFG’s banking segment net income before taxes decreased by $9.1 million from $49.2 million to $40.1 million, mainly due to:
•Increase of $21.8 million in interest expense primarily related to an increase in the average cost of deposits, reflecting a $1.2 billion deposit from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client received during the fourth quarter of 2023 with a variable interest rate; and
•Decrease of $3.9 million in interest income related to Oriental Overseas’ time deposit from the Bank to fund its operations, eliminated in the consolidation, mainly as a result of lower average in the current period.
The decrease in the banking segment’s net income before taxes was partially offset by:
•Increase of $15.7 million in interest income from loans, driven by increased yields on higher balances.
Wealth Management
Wealth management segment revenue consists of commissions and fees from fiduciary activities, securities brokerage, and insurance and reinsurance activities. Net income before taxes from this segment decreased slightly from $3.4 million to $2.8 million, mainly from higher salaries and employee benefits by $489 thousand.
Treasury
Treasury segment net income before taxes increased by $15.1 million, mainly reflecting an increase in interest income from the purchases of investment securities during 2024 and late 2023 with higher yields, higher yield in interest bearing cash and money market investments related to higher interest rates, and lower interest expense associated with inter-segment borrowing as a result of lower average balance.
Comparison of six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Banking
OFG’s banking segment net income before taxes decreased by $19.1 million from $96.6 million to $77.5 million, mainly due to:
•Increase of $45.3 million in interest expense mainly related to higher costs of deposits, reflecting a $1.2 billion deposit from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client received during the fourth quarter of 2023 with variable interest rate;
•Increase of $6.4 million in provision for credit losses, mainly due to growth in loan balances;
•Decrease of $7.4 million in interest income related to Oriental Overseas’ time deposit from the Bank to fund its operations, which is eliminated in the consolidation, mainly as a result of lower average balance in the current period; and
•Increase of $4.3 million in non-interest expenses, mainly due to: (i) $2.0 million increase in compensation and employee benefits, (ii) $1.5 million increase in electronic banking charges from higher point-of-sale and merchant-related fees, and (iii) $1.5 million decrease in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income, net of expenses due to lower valuation adjustments and lower gain on sale of foreclosed real estate from decrease in sales volume, partially offset by lower: (a) professional and service fees of $1.3 million.
The decrease in the banking segment’s net income was partially offset by:
•Increase of $40.0 million in interest income from loans, driven by increased yields on higher loan balances; and
•Increase of $2.8 million in non-interest income. The current period includes: (i) $1.1 million in prepayment fees, mainly from commercial US loans, (ii) higher debit card and merchant income due to higher volume and migration of USVI merchants, partially offset by lower period maintenance and overdrawn fees and higher waived fees.
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Wealth Management
Wealth management segment revenue consists of commissions and fees from fiduciary activities, securities brokerage, and insurance and reinsurance activities. Net income before taxes from this segment decreased from $6.3 million to $5.4 million, mainly from higher salaries and employee benefits by $818 thousand.
Treasury
Treasury segment net income before taxes increased by $28.3 million, mainly reflecting:
•Increase of $22.5 million in interest income, reflecting the purchase of agency mortgage-backed securities and US Treasury securities with higher yields during such period and higher yield in interest-bearing cash and money market investments related to higher interest rate than in the previous period; and
•Decrease of $4.5 million in interest expense, reflecting $7.4 million lower inter-segment borrowings as a result of lower average balances, offset by a $2.0 million increase from the $200 million two-year FHLB advance taken in late 2023.
Income Tax Expense
Comparison of quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Income tax expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 decreased $1.5 million to $20.1 million from $21.6 million. OFG maintained an effective tax rate (“ETR”) lower than the statutory rate for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 of 28.2% and 32.9%, respectively. The current quarter reflected expected 2024 ETR of 29.2% due to higher forecasted business activities with preferential tax treatment under the Puerto Rico tax code, coupled with a $800 thousand tax benefit credit in the second quarter of 2024.
Comparison of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Income tax expense decreased $2.2 million to $38.4 million from $40.5 million. OFG’s ETR was 27.6% in 2024 compared to 30.9% in 2023. The decrease is mainly related to exempt income, income subject to preferential tax treatment under the PR Code and a discrete tax windfall on stock options recognized during the first quarter of 2024 and discrete benefit mainly related to the purchase of tax credits during the second quarter of 2024.
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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
Assets Owned
At June 30, 2024, OFG’s total assets amounted to $11.259 billion, a decrease of $85.4 million, when compared to $11.344 billion at December 31, 2023.
Cash and due from banks decreased by $8.2 million to $735.3 million, reflecting the effect of loan funding and lower deposit balances.
The investment portfolio decreased by $210.8 million or 7.8% primarily driven by the maturity of $500 million in US Treasury securities, principal paydowns of $129 million, mainly on mortgage-backed securities, and the sale of $149.4 million of US Treasury securities available-for-sale. These decreases were offset by $545.4 million new available-for-sale US Treasury and mortgage-backed securities, and $38.1 million in mortgage loan securitization. OFG’s investment strategy focuses on liquidity and highly liquid securities, considering their investment and the current market environment.
OFG’s loan portfolio is comprised of commercial loans secured by real estate, other commercial and industrial loans, US commercial loans, residential mortgage loans, consumer loans, and auto loans. At June 30, 2024, OFG’s net loan portfolio increased by $101.5 million or 1.4% reflecting increases in commercial, retail auto and consumer loans, partially offset by regular paydowns of residential mortgage loans and securitization and sale of conforming loans.
Financial Assets Managed
At June 30, 2024, OFG’s financial assets include those managed by OFG’s trust division and its securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries. OFG’s trust division offers various types of individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and manages Keogh retirement plans and custodian and corporate trust accounts. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the total assets managed by OFG’s trust division amounted to $2.200 billion and $2.512 billion, respectively. OFG’s broker-dealer subsidiary offers a wide array of investment alternatives to its client base, such as tax-advantaged fixed income securities, mutual funds, stocks, bonds and money management wrap-fee programs. At June 30, 2024, total assets managed by the securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries from their customers’ investment accounts amounted to $2.159 billion, compared to $2.446 billion at December 31, 2023. The decrease in trust and broker-dealer related assets reflects the termination of services by a retirement plan customer during the second quarter of 2024.
Goodwill
OFG’s goodwill is not amortized to expense but is tested at least annually for impairment. A quantitative annual impairment test is not required if, based on a qualitative analysis, OFG determines that the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is not impaired. OFG completes its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31 of each year. OFG tests for impairment by first allocating its goodwill and other assets and liabilities, as necessary, to defined reporting units. A fair value is then determined for each reporting unit. If the fair values of the reporting units exceed their book values, no write-down of the recorded goodwill is necessary. If the fair values are less than the book values, an additional valuation procedure is necessary to assess the proper carrying value of the goodwill.
As of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG had $84.2 million of goodwill allocated as follows: $84.1 million to the banking segment and $100 thousand to the wealth management segment. Please refer to “Note 8 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” to our consolidated financial statements for more information on the annual goodwill impairment test.
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TABLE 5 - ASSETS SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  |  | Variance %
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates | $ | 1,794,782 |  | $ | 1,730,655 |  |  | 3.7 | %
US Treasury securities | 200,658 |  | 496,113 |  |  | -59.6 | %
GNMA certificates | 396,505 |  | 376,294 |  |  | 5.4 | %
Equity securities | 41,074 |  | 38,469 |  |  | 6.8 | %
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies | 7,401 |  | 9,610 |  |  | -23.0 | %
Other debt securities | 35,581 |  | 35,616 |  |  | -0.1 | %
Trading securities | 16 |  | 13 |  |  | 23.1 | %
Total investments | 2,476,017 |  | 2,686,770 |  |  | -7.8 | %
Loans, net | 7,503,142 |  | 7,401,618 |  |  | 1.4 | %
Total investments and loans | 9,979,159 |  | 10,088,388 |  |  | -1.1 | %
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 735,346 |  | 743,550 |  |  | -1.1 | %
Money market investments | 5,083 |  | 4,623 |  |  | 10.0 | %
Foreclosed real estate | 6,526 |  | 10,780 |  |  | -39.5 | %
Accrued interest receivable | 72,969 |  | 71,400 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Deferred tax asset, net | 4,094 |  | 4,923 |  |  | -16.8 | %
Premises and equipment, net | 104,384 |  | 104,102 |  |  | 0.3 | %
Servicing assets | 49,789 |  | 49,520 |  |  | 0.5 | %
Goodwill | 84,241 |  | 84,241 |  |  | 0.0 | %
Other intangible assets | 17,738 |  | 20,694 |  |  | -14.3 | %
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 20,298 |  | 21,725 |  |  | -6.6 | %
Other assets and customers' liability on acceptances | 179,458 |  | 140,507 |  |  | 27.7 | %
Total other assets | 1,279,926 |  | 1,256,065 |  |  | 1.9 | %
Total assets | $ | 11,259,085 |  | $ | 11,344,453 |  |  | -0.8 | %
Investment portfolio composition: |  |  |  |  |  |
FNMA and FHLMC certificates | 72.5 | % |  | 64.4 | % |  |  |
US Treasury securities | 8.1 | % |  | 18.5 | % |  |  |
GNMA certificates | 16.0 | % |  | 14.0 | % |  |  |
Equity securities | 1.7 | % |  | 1.4 | % |  |  |
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies | 0.3 | % |  | 0.4 | % |  |  |
Other debt securities and trading securities | 1.4 | % |  | 1.3 | % |  |  |
| 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |

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TABLE 6 - LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | Variance %
| (In thousands) |  |
Loans held for investment: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 3,082,363 |  |  | $ | 3,076,903 |  |  | 0.2 | %
Mortgage loans | 1,485,127 |  |  | 1,562,609 |  |  | (5.0) | %
Consumer loans | 644,177 |  |  | 620,446 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Auto loans | 2,428,040 |  |  | 2,274,421 |  |  | 6.8 | %
| 7,639,707 |  |  | 7,534,379 |  |  | 1.4 | %
Allowance for credit losses | (157,301) |  |  | (161,106) |  |  | (2.4) | %
Total loans held for investment, net | 7,482,406 |  |  | 7,373,273 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Mortgage loans held for sale | 8,375 |  |  | — |  |  | 100.0 | %
Other loans held for sale | 12,361 |  |  | 28,345 |  |  | (56.4) | %
Total loans held for sale | 20,736 |  |  | 28,345 |  |  | (26.8) | %
Total loans, net | $ | 7,503,142 |  |  | $ | 7,401,618 |  |  | 1.4 | %

OFG’s loan portfolio is composed of commercial, mortgage, consumer, and auto loans. As shown in Table 6 above, total loans, net, amounted to $7.503 billion at June 30, 2024, a 1.4% increase when compared to $7.402 billion at December 31, 2023. The composition and trends of OFG’s loans held-for-investment portfolio were as follows:
•Commercial loan portfolio amounted to $3.082 billion (40.3% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $3.077 billion (40.8% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2023, a 0.2% increase as a result of lines of credit usage and originations during 2024. Commercial loans secured by non-owner occupied commercial real estate amounted to $802.7 million and $744.6 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which represented 10.5% and 9.9% of our total loan portfolio held for investment. US commercial loans amounted to $662.0 million and $755.2 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which represented 8.7% and 10.0% of our total loan portfolio held for investment. Commercial loan production decreased by 32% or $103.0 million, to $219.5 million in the second quarter of 2024 from $322.6 million in the prior year quarter, and decreased 22% or $121.9 million, to $423.0 million in the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 from $544.9 million for the same period of 2023, mainly in the US commercial loan portfolio. US commercial loans activities include the purchase of middle market senior secured cash flow loan participations and the purchase of participations of loans to small and medium sized businesses. Excluding US commercial loans activities, PR commercial loan production decreased 8.8% to $192.1 million in the second quarter of 2024 from $210.7 million in the prior year quarter, and increased 22.5% to $378.5 million in the six month period ended June 30, 2024 from $309.0 million for the same period in of 2023.
•Mortgage loan portfolio amounted to $1.485 billion (19.4% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $1.563 billion (20.7% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2023, a 5.0% decrease resulting from regular paydowns of residential mortgages and securitization of conforming loans into mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage loans included delinquent loans in the GNMA buy-back option program amounting to $19.0 million and $19.4 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Under the GNMA program, issuers such as OFG have the option but not the obligation to repurchase loans that are 90 days or more past due. For accounting purposes, these loans subject to the repurchase option are required to be reflected (rebooked) on our financial statements with an offsetting liability. Mortgage loan production totaled $38.5 million and $70.7 million in the quarter and six-month period ended June 30, 2024, respectively, which represents an increase of 7% and an increase of 6.6%, respectively, from $35.9 million and $66.3 million for the same periods in 2023.
OFG follows a conservative residential mortgage lending policy with more than 90% of its residential mortgage portfolio consisting of fixed-rate, fully amortizing, fully documented loans that do not have the level of risk associated with subprime loans offered by certain major US mortgage loan originators. Furthermore, OFG has never been active in negative amortization loans or offered adjustable-rate mortgage loans with teaser rates.
•Consumer loan portfolio amounted to $644.2 million (8.4% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $620.4 million (8.2% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2023. Consumer loan production decreased by 8% to $80.3 million in the second quarter of 2024 from $87.1 million in the prior year quarter, and decreased by 14%, or $24.4 million to $148.9 million in the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 from $173.3 million in the same period in 2023.
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•Auto loans portfolio amounted to $2.428 billion (31.9% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $2.274 billion (30.3% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2023. Auto loans production increased by 6% to $250.6 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared to $236.3 million in the prior year quarter, and increased by 5%, or $24.3 million to $483.0 million in the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 from $458.6 million in the same period of 2023.
TABLE 7 - PUERTO RICO GOVERNMENT RELATED LOANS

June 30, 2024
|  |  | Maturity
| Carrying Value |  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1 to 3 Years |  | More than 3 Years
Loans: | (In thousands)
Municipalities | $ | 75,762 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,021 |  |  | $ | 73,741 |

At June 30, 2024, OFG has $75.8 million of direct credit exposure to the Puerto Rico government, a $7.2 million increase from $68.6 million at December 31, 2023.
Allowance for Credit Losses
OFG measures its ACL based on management’s best estimate of expected credit losses inherent in OFG’s relevant financial assets. Tables 8 through 11 set forth an analysis of activity in the ACL and present selected credit loss statistics for the quarters and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. In addition, Table 6 sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio.
Please refer to the “Provision for Credit Losses” and “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” sections in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and “Note 5 – Allowance for Credit Losses” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a more detailed analysis of provisions and ACL.
Non-performing Assets
OFG’s non-performing assets include non-performing loans, foreclosed real estate, and other repossessed assets (see Tables 12 and 14). At June 30, 2024, OFG had $72.2 million of non-accrual loans held for investment, including $5.0 million PCD loans, compared to $79.4 million at December 31, 2023, reflecting decreases of $1.5 million, $2.4 million and $3.3 million in mortgage, auto, and commercial loan portfolios, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, total past due loans exclude $6.4 million of past due commercial loans held-for-sale, these loans were sold during the quarter ended June 30, 2024. There were no past due commercial loans held-for-sale as of June 30, 2024.
On January 1, 2023, OFG adopted ASU 2022-02 related to the elimination of the recognition and measurement of TDRs and the enhancement of disclosures for loan restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty using the prospective transition method. Loans that were restructured in a TDR prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 will continue to be accounted for under the historical TDR accounting until the relevant loans are paid off, liquidated or subsequently modified.
Delinquent residential mortgage loans insured or guaranteed under applicable Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) and United States Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) programs are classified as non-performing loans when they become 90 days or more past due but are not placed in non-accrual status until they become 12 months or more past due, since they are insured loans. Therefore, those loans are included as non-performing loans but excluded from non-accrual loans. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of these residential mortgage loans was $4.6 million and $5.8 million, respectively.
At June 30, 2024, OFG’s non-performing assets decreased by 11.0% to $89.1 million (0.79% total assets) from $100.0 million (0.88% of total assets) at December 31, 2023.
Foreclosed real estate decreased from $10.8 million at December 31, 2023 to $6.5 million at June 30, 2024 and other repossessed assets increased from $4.0 million at December 31, 2023 to $5.7 million at June 30, 2024, both recorded at fair value. OFG does not expect non-performing loans to result in significantly higher losses. At June 30, 2024, the allowance coverage ratio to non-performing loans was 204.8% (189.1% at December 31, 2023).
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Upon adoption of the CECL methodology, OFG elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. As such, for PCD loans the determination of non-accrual or accrual status is made at the pool level, not the individual loan level. The ACL was determined for each pool and added to the pool’s carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the non-credit premium or discount which will be amortized interest income over the remaining life of the pool. On a quarterly basis, management will monitor the composition and behavior of the pools to assess the ability for cash flow estimation and timing. If based on the analysis performed the pool is classified as non-accrual, the accretion/amortization of the non-credit (discount) premium will cease.
The following items comprise non-performing loans held for investment, including Non-PCD and PCDs:
Commercial loans - At June 30, 2024, OFG’s non-performing commercial loans amounted to $39.2 million (51.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 7.7% decrease from $42.5 million at December 31, 2023 (49.9% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD commercial loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the underlying collateral, if any.
Mortgage loans - At June 30, 2024, OFG’s non-performing mortgage loans totaled $17.6 million (22.9% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 13.3% decrease from $20.3 million (23.8% of OFG’s non-performing loans) at December 31, 2023. Non-PCD mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written-down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the collateral underlying the loan, except for FHA and VA insured mortgage loans which are placed in non-accrual when they become 12 months or more past due.
Consumer loans - At June 30, 2024, OFG’s non-performing consumer loans amounted to $3.3 million (4.3% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 1.4% decrease from $3.4 million at December 31, 2023 (4.0% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD consumer loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due and written-off when payments are delinquent 120 days in personal loans and 180 days in credit cards and personal lines of credit.
Auto loans - At June 30, 2024, OFG’s non-performing auto loans amounted to $16.7 million (21.7% of OFG’s total non-performing loans), a decrease of 12.4% from $19.1 million at December 31, 2023 (22.3% of OFG’s total non-performing loans). Non-PCD auto loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due, partially written-off to collateral value when payments are delinquent 120 days, and fully written-off when payments are delinquent 180 days.
OFG has two mortgage loan modification programs. These are the Loss Mitigation Program and the Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program. Both programs are intended to help responsible homeowners to remain in their homes and avoid foreclosure, while also reducing OFG’s losses on non-performing mortgage loans.
The Loss Mitigation Program helps mortgage borrowers who are or will become financially unable to meet the current or scheduled mortgage payments. Loans that qualify under this program are those guaranteed by FHA, VA, USDA Rural Development (RURAL), Puerto Rico Housing Finance Authority (PRHFA), conventional loans guaranteed by Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (MGIC), conventional loans sold to FNMA and FHLMC, and conventional loans retained by OFG. The program offers diversified alternatives such as regular or reduced payment plans, payment moratorium, mortgage loan modification, partial claims (only FHA), short sale, and deed in lieu of foreclosure.
The Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program is for non-conforming mortgages, including balloon payment, interest-only/interest first, variable interest rate, adjustable interest rate and other qualified loans. Non-conforming mortgage loan portfolios are segregated into the following categories: performing loans that meet secondary market requirement and are refinanced under the credit underwriting guidelines of FHA/VA/FNMA/ FHLMC and performing loans not meeting secondary market guidelines processed pursuant OFG’s current credit and underwriting guidelines. OFG achieved an affordable and sustainable monthly payment by taking specific, sequential, and necessary steps such as reducing the interest rate, extending the loan term, capitalizing arrearages, deferring the payment of principal or, if the borrower qualifies, refinancing the loan.
In order to apply for any of our loan modification programs, if the borrower is active in Chapter 13 bankruptcy, it must request an authorization from the bankruptcy trustee to allow the loan modification. Borrowers with discharged Chapter 7 bankruptcies may also apply. Loans in these programs are evaluated by designated credit underwriters for financial difficulty modification if OFG grants a concession for legal or economic reasons due to the debtor’s financial difficulties.
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TABLE 8 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES BREAKDOWN

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  | Variance %
| 2024 |  | 2023 |
| (In thousands) |  |
ACL: |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCD |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 33,809 |  | $ | 44,041 |  | -23.2 | %
Mortgage loans | 6,886 |  | 7,998 |  | -13.9 | %
Consumer loans | 29,432 |  | 27,086 |  | 8.7 | %
Auto loans | 80,722 |  | 73,485 |  | 9.8 | %
Total ACL | $ | 150,849 |  | $ | 152,610 |  | -1.2 | %
PCD |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 789 |  | $ | 1,113 |  | -29.1 | %
Mortgage loans | 5,642 |  | 7,351 |  | -23.2 | %
Consumer loans | 8 |  | 7 |  | 14.3 | %
Auto loans | 13 |  | 25 |  | -48.0 | %
Total ACL | $ | 6,452 |  | $ | 8,496 |  | -24.1 | %
ACL summary |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 34,598 |  | $ | 45,154 |  | -23.4 | %
Mortgage loans | 12,528 |  | 15,349 |  | -18.4 | %
Consumer loans | 29,440 |  | 27,093 |  | 8.7 | %
Auto loans | 80,735 |  | 73,510 |  | 9.8 | %
Total ACL | $ | 157,301 |  | $ | 161,106 |  | -2.4 | %
ACL composition: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | 22.0 | % |  | 28.0 | % |  |
Mortgage loans | 8.0 | % |  | 9.5 | % |  |
Consumer loans | 18.7 | % |  | 16.8 | % |  |
Auto loans | 51.3 | % |  | 45.7 | % |  |
| 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |
ACL coverage ratio at end of period: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | 1.12 | % |  | 1.47 | % |  | (23.8) | %
Mortgage loans | 0.84 | % |  | 0.98 | % |  | (14.3) | %
Consumer loans | 4.57 | % |  | 4.37 | % |  | 4.6 | %
Auto loans | 3.33 | % |  | 3.23 | % |  | 3.1 | %
| 2.06 | % |  | 2.14 | % |  | (3.7) | %
ACL coverage ratio to non-performing loans: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | 88.2 | % |  | 106.2 | % |  | (16.9) | %
Mortgage loans | 71.3 | % |  | 75.8 | % |  | (5.9) | %
Consumer loans | 884.3 | % |  | 802.5 | % |  | 10.2 | %
Auto loans | 483.8 | % |  | 385.8 | % |  | 25.4 | %
| 204.8 | % |  | 189.1 | % |  | 8.3 | %

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TABLE 9 - ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

|  | June 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  | Amount of ACL | Percent of loans in each category of total loans [1] |  | Amount of ACL | Percent of loans in each category of total loans [1]
|  | (In thousands) |  |  | (In thousands) |
Commercial loans |  | $ | 34,598 | 40.3% |  | $ | 45,154 | 40.8%
Mortgage loans |  | 12,528 | 19.4% |  | 15,349 | 20.7%
Consumer loans |  | 29,440 | 8.4% |  | 27,093 | 8.2%
Auto loans |  | 80,735 | 31.9% |  | 73,510 | 30.3%
Total |  | $ | 157,301 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 161,106 |  | 100.0 | %
[1] Total loans in this table refers to total loans held for investment.

TABLE 10 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES SUMMARY

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance % |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance %
| (In thousands) |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 156,563 |  |  | $ | 151,884 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | $ | 161,106 |  |  | $ | 152,673 |  |  | 5.5 | %
Provision for credit losses | 15,751 |  |  | 14,644 |  |  | 7.6 | % |  | 31,020 |  |  | 23,975 |  |  | 29.4 | %
Charge-offs | (22,774) |  |  | (18,533) |  |  | 22.9 | % |  | (50,445) |  |  | (37,507) |  |  | 34.5 | %
Recoveries | 7,761 |  |  | 11,928 |  |  | -34.9 | % |  | 15,620 |  |  | 20,782 |  |  | -24.8 | %
Balance at end of period | $ | 157,301 |  |  | $ | 159,923 |  |  | -1.6 | % |  | $ | 157,301 |  |  | $ | 159,923 |  |  | -1.6 | %

88

TABLE 11 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOANS

| Quarter Ended June 30, | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance % |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance %
| (Dollars in thousands) |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Non-PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (191) |  |  | (99.5) | % |  | $ | (65) |  |  | $ | (392) |  |  | (83.4) | %
Recoveries | 540 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 61.7 | % |  | 807 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 46.7 | %
Total | 539 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 276.9 | % |  | 742 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 369.6 | %
Commercial PR |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | $ | (160) |  |  | (523) |  |  | (69.4) | % |  | (3,727) |  |  | (1,898) |  |  | 96.4 | %
Recoveries | 111 |  |  | 237 |  |  | (53.2) | % |  | 163 |  |  | 563 |  |  | (71.0) | %
Total Commercial PR | (49) |  |  | (286) |  |  | (82.9) | % |  | (3,564) |  |  | (1,335) |  |  | 167.0 | %
Commercial US |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | $ | (1,574) |  |  | (2,973) |  |  | (47.1) | % |  | $ | (3,323) |  |  | (2,973) |  |  | 11.8 | %
Recoveries | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 100.0 | %
Total Commercial US | (1,529) |  |  | (2,973) |  |  | (48.6) | % |  | (3,278) |  |  | (2,973) |  |  | 10.3 | %
Consumer loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (8,180) |  |  | (5,518) |  |  | 48.2 | % |  | (16,161) |  |  | (10,958) |  |  | 47.5 | %
Recoveries | 851 |  |  | 2,003 |  |  | (57.5) | % |  | 1,544 |  |  | 2,869 |  |  | (46.2) | %
Total | (7,329) |  |  | (3,515) |  |  | 108.5 | % |  | (14,617) |  |  | (8,089) |  |  | 80.7 | %
Auto loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (12,559) |  |  | (9,169) |  |  | 37.0 | % |  | (26,777) |  |  | (18,648) |  |  | 43.6 | %
Recoveries | 5,926 |  |  | 8,332 |  |  | (28.9) | % |  | 11,897 |  |  | 14,931 |  |  | (20.3) | %
Total | (6,633) |  |  | (837) |  |  | 692.5 | % |  | (14,880) |  |  | (3,717) |  |  | 300.3 | %
PCD: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | $ | (29) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | 2800.0 | % |  | $ | (112) |  |  | $ | (76) |  |  | 47.4 | %
Recoveries | 93 |  |  | 260 |  |  | (64.2) | % |  | 731 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 44.2 | %
Total | 64 |  |  | 259 |  |  | (75.3) | % |  | 619 |  |  | 431 |  |  | 43.6 | %
Commercial PR |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (265) |  |  | — |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (265) |  |  | (2,104) |  |  | (87.4) | %
Recoveries | 158 |  |  | 319 |  |  | (50.5) | % |  | 315 |  |  | 808 |  |  | (61.0) | %
Total Commercial PR loans | (107) |  |  | 319 |  |  | (133.5) | % |  | 50 |  |  | (1,296) |  |  | (103.9) | %
Consumer loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (124) |  |  | (100.0) | % |  | — |  |  | (337) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Recoveries | 7 |  |  | 42 |  |  | (83.3) | % |  | 30 |  |  | 53 |  |  | (43.4) | %
Total | 7 |  |  | (82) |  |  | (108.5) | % |  | 30 |  |  | (284) |  |  | (110.6) | %
Auto loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs | (6) |  |  | (34) |  |  | (82.4) | % |  | (15) |  |  | (121) |  |  | (87.6) | %
Recoveries | 30 |  |  | 401 |  |  | (92.5) | % |  | 88 |  |  | 501 |  |  | (82.4) | %
Total | 24 |  |  | 367 |  |  | (93.5) | % |  | 73 |  |  | 380 |  |  | (80.8) | %
Total charge-offs | (22,774) |  |  | (18,533) |  |  | 22.9 | % |  | (50,445) |  |  | (37,507) |  |  | 34.5 | %
Total recoveries | 7,761 |  |  | 11,928 |  |  | (34.9) | % |  | 15,620 |  |  | 20,782 |  |  | (62.7) | %
Net credit losses | $ | (15,013) |  |  | $ | (6,605) |  |  | 127.3 | % |  | $ | (34,825) |  |  | $ | (16,725) |  |  | 155.2 | %

89

TABLE 11 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOANS (CONTINUED)

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance % |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Variance %
| (Dollars in thousands) |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Net credit losses (recoveries) to average loans outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans | (0.16) | % |  | (0.10) | % |  | 60.0 | % |  | (0.18) | % |  | (0.07) | % |  | 157.1 | %
Commercial PR | 0.03 | % |  | (0.01) | % |  | -400.0 | % |  | 0.30 | % |  | 0.26 | % |  | 15.4 | %
Commercial US | 0.85 | % |  | 1.81 | % |  | (53.0) | % |  | 0.89 | % |  | 0.91 | % |  | (2.2) | %
Consumer loans | 4.42 | % |  | 2.37 | % |  | 86.5 | % |  | 4.43 | % |  | 2.82 | % |  | 57.1 | %
Auto loans | 1.11 | % |  | 0.09 | % |  | 1,133.3 | % |  | 1.26 | % |  | 0.33 | % |  | 281.8 | %
Total | 0.79 | % |  | 0.38 | % |  | 107.9 | % |  | 1.13 | % |  | 0.48 | % |  | 135.4 | %
Recoveries to charge-offs | 34.08 | % |  | 64.36 | % |  | -47.0 | % |  | 15.39 | % |  | 55.41 | % |  | -72.2 | %
Average Loans Held for Investment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans | $ | 1,479,583 |  | $ | 1,616,873 |  | (8.5) | % |  | $ | 1,495,432 |  | $ | 1,635,046 |  | (8.5) | %
Commercial PR | 2,363,831 |  | 2,040,547 |  | 15.8 | % |  | 2,338,196 |  | 2,012,927 |  | 16.2 | %
Commercial US | 716,089 |  | 657,439 |  | 8.9 | % |  | 736,249 |  | 650,065 |  | 13.3 | %
Consumer loans | 663,315 |  | 606,842 |  | 9.3 | % |  | 658,080 |  | 593,230 |  | 10.9 | %
Auto loans | 2,389,589 |  | 2,081,270 |  | 14.8 | % |  | 2,349,125 |  | 2,043,887 |  | 14.9 | %
Total | $ | 7,612,407 |  | $ | 7,002,971 |  | 8.7 | % |  | $ | 7,577,082 |  | $ | 6,935,155 |  | 9.3 | %

Net charge-offs for the second quarter of 2024 amounted to $15.0 million increasing by $8.4 million, when compared to $6.6 million in prior year quarter. Net charge-offs for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 amounted to $34.8 million, increasing by $18.1 million, when compared to $16.7 million in the prior year period.
Net charge-offs variances were as follows:
•Residential mortgage loans net recoveries amounted to $603 thousand in the second quarter of 2024, increasing by $201 thousand when compared to $402 thousand in the second quarter of 2023. Residential mortgage loans net recoveries for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 amounted to $1.4 million, increasing by $772 thousand when compared to net recoveries of $589 thousand for prior year period.
•Commercial loans net charge-offs amounted to $1.7 million in the second quarter of 2024, decreasing by $1.3 million, when compared to $2.9 million in the second quarter of 2023. Net charge-offs for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 amounted $6.8 million, increasing by $1.2 million, when compared to $5.6 million in the prior year period. The charge-offs for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, include $3.5 million from retail commercial loans, mainly from previously and fully-reserved nonperforming paycheck protection program (“PPP”) loans.
•Consumer loans net charge-offs amounted to $7.3 million in the second quarter of 2024, increasing by $3.7 million, when compared to net charge-offs of $3.6 million in the second quarter of 2023. Net charge-offs for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 amounted $14.6 million increasing by $6.2 million when compared to $8.4 million in the prior year period. The increase in net charge-offs during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 was driven by an increase in business volume.
•Auto loans net charge-offs amounted to $6.6 million in the second quarter of 2024, increasing by $6.1 million, when compared to $0.5 million in the second quarter of 2023. Net charge-offs for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 amounted to $14.8 million, increasing by $11.5 million, when compared to $3.3 million in the prior year period, reflecting post-pandemic credit normalization.
90

TABLE 12 — NON-PERFORMING ASSETS

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  | Variance % |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Non-performing assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCD |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-accruing loans | 67,203 |  | 72,725 |  | (7.6)% |  |
Accruing loans | 4,617 |  | 5,810 |  | (20.5)% |  |
Total | $ | 71,820 |  | $ | 78,535 |  | (8.6)% |  |
PCD | 4,992 |  | 6,674 |  | (25.2)% |  |
Total non-performing loans | $ | 76,812 |  | $ | 85,209 |  | (9.9)% |  |
Foreclosed real estate | 6,526 |  | 10,780 |  | (39.5)% |  |
Other repossessed assets | 5,713 |  | 4,032 |  | 41.7% |  |
| $ | 89,051 |  | $ | 100,021 |  | (11.0)% |  |
Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.79 | % |  | 0.88 | % |  | (10.3) | % |  |
Non-performing assets to total capital | 7.25 | % |  | 8.38 | % |  | (13.4) | % |  |

91

TABLE 13 — NON-ACCRUAL LOANS

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  | Variance %
| 2024 |  | 2023 |
| (Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCD |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 34,477 |  | $ | 36,096 |  | (4.5)%
Mortgage loans | 12,708 |  | 14,197 |  | (10.5)%
Consumer loans | 3,329 |  | 3,376 |  | (1.4)%
Auto loans | 16,689 |  | 19,056 |  | (12.4)%
Total | $ | 67,203 |  | $ | 72,725 |  | (7.6)%
PCD |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 4,748 |  | $ | 6,424 |  | (26.1)%
Mortgage loans | 244 |  | 250 |  | (2.4)%
Total | $ | 4,992 |  | $ | 6,674 |  | (25.2)%
Total non-accrual loans | $ | 72,195 |  | $ | 79,399 |  | (9.1)%
Non-accruals loans composition percentages: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | 54.3 | % |  | 53.6 | % |  |
Mortgage loans | 17.9 | % |  | 18.2 | % |  |
Consumer loans | 4.6 | % |  | 4.3 | % |  |
Auto loans | 23.2 | % |  | 23.9 | % |  |
| 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |
Non-accrual loans ratios: |  |  |  |  |
Non-accrual loans to total loans | 0.94 | % |  | 1.05 | % |  | (10.5)%
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans | 217.88 | % |  | 202.91 | % |  | 7.4%

| Quarter Ended June 30, |  | Six-Month Period Ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Interest that would have been recorded in the period if the loans had not been classified as non-accruing loans | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 424 |  |  | $ | 603 |  |  | $ | 677 |

92

TABLE 14 - NON-PERFORMING LOANS

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  | Variance %
| 2024 |  | 2023 |
| (Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans |  |  |  |  |
Non-PCD |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 34,477 |  | $ | 36,096 |  | (4.5)%
Mortgage loans | 17,325 |  | 20,007 |  | (13.4)%
Consumer loans | 3,329 |  | 3,376 |  | (1.4)%
Auto loans | 16,689 |  | 19,056 |  | (12.4)%
Total | $ | 71,820 |  | $ | 78,535 |  | (8.6)%
PCD |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 4,748 |  | $ | 6,424 |  | (26.1)%
Mortgage loans | 244 |  | 250 |  | (2.4)%
Total | $ | 4,992 |  | $ | 6,674 |  | (25.2)%
Total non-performing loans | $ | 76,812 |  | $ | 85,209 |  | (9.9)%
Non-performing loans composition percentages: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | 51.1 | % |  | 49.9 | % |  |
Mortgage loans | 22.9 | % |  | 23.8 | % |  |
Consumer loans | 4.3 | % |  | 4.0 | % |  |
Auto loans | 21.7 | % |  | 22.3 | % |  |
| 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |
Non-performing loans to: |  |  |  |  |
Total loans held for investment gross | 1.01 | % |  | 1.13 | % |  | (10.6)%
Total assets | 0.68 | % |  | 0.75 | % |  | (9.3)%
Total capital | 6.26 | % |  | 7.14 | % |  | (12.3)%
Non-performing loans with partial charge-offs to: |  |  |  |  |
Total loans held for investment gross | 0.25 | % |  | 0.29 | % |  | (13.8)%
Non-performing loans | 24.42 | % |  | 25.63 | % |  | (4.7)%
Other non-performing loans ratios: |  |  |  |  |
Charge-off rate on non-performing loans to non-performing loans on which charge-offs have been taken | 88.52 | % |  | 75.14 | % |  | 17.8%
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans on which no charge-offs have been taken | 270.94 | % |  | 254.24 | % |  | 6.6%

93

TABLE 15 - LIABILITIES SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  | Variance % |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest-bearing deposits | $ | 2,608,902 |  | $ | 2,537,431 |  | 2.8 | % |
NOW accounts | 3,408,364 |  | 3,512,887 |  | -3.0 | % |
Savings accounts | 2,002,322 |  | 2,088,091 |  | -4.1 | % |
Time deposits | 1,583,789 |  | 1,620,688 |  | -2.3 | % |
Total deposits | 9,603,377 |  | 9,759,097 |  | -1.6 | % |
Accrued interest payable | 1,873 |  | 3,072 |  | -39.0 | % |
Total deposits and accrued interest payable | 9,605,250 |  | 9,762,169 |  | -1.6 | % |
Borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances from FHLB | 200,741 |  | 200,768 |  | — | % |
Other borrowings | — |  | 2 |  | -100.0 | % |
Total borrowings | 200,741 |  | 200,770 |  | — | % |
Total deposits and borrowings | 9,805,991 |  | 9,962,939 |  | -1.6 | % |
Other Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Acceptances executed and outstanding | 28,504 |  | 25,576 |  | 11.4 | % |
Lease liability | 22,605 |  | 24,029 |  | -5.9 | % |
Deferred tax liability, net | 33,873 |  | 22,444 |  | 50.9 | % |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 140,410 |  | 115,985 |  | 21.1 | % |
Total liabilities | $ | 10,031,383 |  | $ | 10,150,973 |  | -1.2 | % |
Deposits portfolio composition percentages: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest-bearing deposits | 27.2% |  | 26.0% |  |  |
NOW accounts | 35.5% |  | 36.0% |  |  |
Savings accounts | 20.9% |  | 21.4% |  |  |
Time deposits | 16.4% |  | 16.6% |  |  |
| 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |
Borrowings portfolio composition percentages: |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances from FHLB | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |

Liabilities and Funding Sources
As shown in Table 15 above, at June 30, 2024, OFG’s total liabilities were $10.031 billion, 1.2% lower than the $10.151 billion reported at December 31, 2023. Deposits and borrowings, OFG’s funding sources, amounted to $9.806 billion at June 30, 2024 compared to $9.963 billion at December 31, 2023. Deposits, excluding accrued interest payable, decreased by $155.7 million reflecting a decrease in brokered deposits of $161.8 million, savings and money market accounts of $85.8 million and demand deposits of $33.1 million, offset by an increase in time deposits of $123.7 million. Excluding public fund deposits, retail deposits decreased $33.3 million and commercial deposits increased $77.2 million.
In December 2023, OFG received a $1.2 billion deposit in an interest-bearing checking account from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client who had an inflow of liquidity. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total public fund deposits from various Puerto Rico government municipalities, agencies and corporations amounted to $1.577 billion and $1.616 billion, respectively. These public funds were collateralized with securities and commercial loans amounting to $1.679 billion and $1.645 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
As of June 30, 2024, borrowings consist of a two-year FHLB advance amounting to $200.7 million taken in 2023 as part of OFG’s asset liability management strategies.
94

Stockholders’ Equity
At June 30, 2024, OFG’s total stockholders’ equity was $1.228 billion, a 2.9% increase when compared to $1.193 billion at December 31, 2023. This increase reflects an increase in retained earnings of $67.5 million and legal surplus of $9.6 million, mainly due to $100.8 million in net income, partially offset by $23.7 million in common stock dividends. These variances were partially offset by $22.6 million from treasury stock as a result of repurchases of common stock in the aggregate amount of $24.3 million in connection with the $50 million stock buy back program announced in January 2024, and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, of $19.5 million from unfavorable market value adjustments on available-for-sale investment securities.
Regulatory Capital
OFG and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements established by the FRB and the FDIC. The current risk-based capital standards applicable to OFG and the Bank (“Basel III capital rules”) are based on the final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards, known as Basel III, of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. As of June 30, 2024, the capital ratios of OFG and the Bank continue to exceed the minimum requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Basel III capital rules.
On January 1, 2020, OFG implemented CECL using the modified retrospective approach, with an impact to capital of $25.5 million, net of its corresponding deferred tax effect. On March 27, 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, U.S. banking regulators issued an interim final rule that OFG adopted to delay for two years the initial adoption impact of CECL on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of the capital benefit provided during 2020 and 2021 (i.e., a five-year transition period). During the two-year delay, OFG added back to common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) capital 100% of the initial adoption impact of CECL plus 25% of the cumulative quarterly changes in the ACL (i.e., quarterly transitional amounts). After two years, starting on January 1, 2022, the quarterly transitional amounts along with the initial adoption impact of CECL are being phased out of CET1 capital over a three-year period.
The risk-based capital ratios presented in Table 16 include common equity tier 1, tier 1 capital, total capital and leverage capital as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and are calculated based on the Basel III capital rules related to the measurement of capital, risk-weighted assets and average assets.
95

The following are OFG’s consolidated capital ratios under the Basel III capital rules at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
TABLE 16 — CAPITAL, DIVIDENDS AND STOCK DATA

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  | Variance
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | %
| (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |  |
Capital data: |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,227,702 |  | $ | 1,193,480 |  | 2.9%
Regulatory Capital Ratios data: |  |  |  |  |
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 14.29 | % |  | 14.12 | % |  | 1.2 | %
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio required | 4.50 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | — | %
Actual common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 1,223,031 |  | 1,174,205 |  | 4.2%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital required | $ | 385,270 |  | 374,301 |  | 2.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%) | $ | 214,039 |  | 207,945 |  | 2.9%
Excess over regulatory requirement | $ | 623,722 |  | 591,959 |  | 5.4%
Risk-weighted assets | $ | 8,561,549 |  | 8,317,802 |  | 2.9%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 14.29 | % |  | 14.12 | % |  | 1.2 | %
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio required | 6.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | — | %
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital | $ | 1,223,031 |  | $ | 1,174,205 |  | 4.2%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital required | $ | 513,693 |  | $ | 499,068 |  | 2.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%) | $ | 214,039 |  | 207,945 |  | 2.9%
Excess over regulatory requirement | $ | 495,299 |  | $ | 467,192 |  | 6.0%
Risk-weighted assets | $ | 8,561,549 |  | $ | 8,317,802 |  | 2.9%
Total risk-based capital ratio | 15.54 | % |  | 15.37 | % |  | 1.1 | %
Minimum total risk-based capital ratio required | 8.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | — | %
Actual total risk-based capital | $ | 1,330,474 |  | $ | 1,278,537 |  | 4.1%
Minimum total risk-based capital required | $ | 684,924 |  | $ | 665,424 |  | 2.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%) | $ | 214,039 |  | 207,945 |  | 2.9%
Excess over regulatory requirement | $ | 431,511 |  | $ | 405,168 |  | 6.5%
Risk-weighted assets | $ | 8,561,549 |  | $ | 8,317,802 |  | 2.9%
Leverage capital ratio | 10.86 | % |  | 11.03 | % |  | (1.5) | %
Minimum leverage capital ratio required | 4.00 | % |  | 4.00 | % |  | — | %
Actual tier 1 capital | $ | 1,223,031 |  | $ | 1,174,205 |  | 4.2%
Minimum tier 1 capital required | $ | 450,325 |  | $ | 425,911 |  | 5.7%
Excess over regulatory requirement | $ | 772,706 |  | $ | 748,294 |  | 3.3%
Tangible common equity to total assets | 10.00 | % |  | 9.60 | % |  | 4.2 | %
Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets | 13.15 | % |  | 13.09 | % |  | 0.5 | %
Total equity to total assets | 10.90 | % |  | 10.52 | % |  | 3.6 | %
Total equity to risk-weighted assets | 14.34 | % |  | 14.35 | % |  | (0.1) | %
Stock data: |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding common shares | 46,561,532 |  | 47,065,156 |  | (1.1)%
Book value per common share | $ | 26.37 |  | $ | 25.36 |  | 4.0%
Tangible book value per common share | $ | 24.18 |  | $ | 23.13 |  | 4.5%
Market price at end of period | $ | 37.45 |  | $ | 37.48 |  | (0.1)%
Market capitalization at end of period | $ | 1,743,729 |  | $ | 1,764,002 |  | (1.1)%

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From December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024, leverage capital ratio decreased from 11.03% to 10.86% as average assets increased, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and common equity tier 1 capital ratio increased from 14.12% to 14.29%, total risk-based capital ratio increased from 15.37% to 15.54%, and tangible common equity to tangible total assets increased from 9.68% to 10.09%. The increases in capital ratios reflected an increase in retained earnings from net income, net of dividends, CECL transition and stock repurchases, partially offset by an increase in risk-weighted assets of $243.7 million. Risk-weighted assets increased mainly due to an increase in unused commitments, loans, and other assets.
The following table presents a reconciliation of OFG’s total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| June 30, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands, except share or per share information)
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,227,702 |  | $ | 1,193,480
Goodwill | (84,241) |  | (84,241)
Other intangible assets | (17,738) |  | (20,694)
Total tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,125,723 |  | $ | 1,088,545
Total assets | $ | 11,259,085 |  | 11,344,453
Goodwill | (84,241) |  | (84,241)
Core deposit intangible | (13,584) |  | (15,848)
Customer relationship intangible | (4,154) |  | (4,846)
Total tangible assets | $ | 11,157,106 |  | $ | 11,239,518
Tangible common equity to tangible assets | 10.09 | % |  | 9.68 | %
Common shares outstanding at end of period | 46,561,532 |  | 47,065,156
Tangible book value per common share | $ | 24.18 |  | $ | 23.13

The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share are non-GAAP measures and, unlike tier 1 capital and common equity tier 1 capital, are not codified in the federal banking regulations. Management and many stock analysts use the tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations. Neither tangible common equity nor tangible assets or related measures should be considered in isolation or as a substitute for stockholders’ equity, total assets or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which OFG calculates its tangible common equity, tangible assets and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.
Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. To mitigate these limitations, OFG has procedures in place to calculate these measures using the appropriate GAAP or regulatory components. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.
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The following table presents OFG’s capital adequacy information under the Basel III capital rules:

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  | Variance
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | %
| (Dollars in thousands)
Risk-based capital: |  |  |  |  |
Common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 1,223,031 |  | $ | 1,174,205 |  | 4.2%
Tier 1 capital | 1,223,031 |  | 1,174,205 |  | 4.2%
Additional Tier 2 capital | 107,443 |  | 104,332 |  | 3.0%
Total risk-based capital | $ | 1,330,474 |  | $ | 1,278,537 |  | 4.1%
Risk-weighted assets: |  |  |  |  |
Balance sheet items | $ | 7,940,347 |  | $ | 7,768,828 |  | 2.2%
Off-balance sheet items | 621,202 |  | 548,974 |  | 13.2%
Total risk-weighted assets | $ | 8,561,549 |  | $ | 8,317,802 |  | 2.9%
Ratios: |  |  |  |  |
Common equity tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 7%) | 14.29 | % |  | 14.12 | % |  | 1.2%
Tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 8.5%) | 14.29 | % |  | 14.12 | % |  | 1.2%
Total capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 10.5%) | 15.54 | % |  | 15.37 | % |  | 1.1%
Leverage ratio (minimum required - 4%) | 10.86 | % |  | 11.03 | % |  | (1.5)%

The Bank is considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The table below shows the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| June 30, |  | December 31, |  | Variance
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | %
| (Dollars in thousands)
Oriental Bank Regulatory Capital Ratios: |  |  |  |  |
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 13.39% |  | 13.01% |  | 2.9%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 1,138,874 |  | $ | 1,075,487 |  | 5.9%
Minimum capital requirement (4.5%) | $ | 382,754 |  | $ | 371,913 |  | 2.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%) | $ | 212,641 |  | $ | 206,618 |  | 2.9%
Minimum to be well capitalized (6.5%) | $ | 552,866 |  | $ | 537,208 |  | 2.9%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 13.39% |  | 13.01% |  | 2.9%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital | $ | 1,138,874 |  | $ | 1,075,487 |  | 5.9%
Minimum capital requirement (6%) | $ | 510,338 |  | $ | 495,884 |  | 2.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%) | $ | 212,641 |  | $ | 206,618 |  | 2.9%
Minimum to be well capitalized (8%) | $ | 680,451 |  | $ | 661,179 |  | 2.9%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 14.64% |  | 14.27% |  | 2.6%
Actual total risk-based capital | $ | 1,245,627 |  | $ | 1,179,164 |  | 5.6%
Minimum capital requirement (8%) | $ | 680,451 |  | $ | 661,179 |  | 2.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%) | $ | 212,641 |  | $ | 206,618 |  | 2.9%
Minimum to be well capitalized (10%) | $ | 850,564 |  | $ | 826,474 |  | 2.9%
Total Tier 1 Capital to Average Total Assets | 10.22% |  | 10.20% |  | 0.2%
Actual tier 1 capital | $ | 1,138,874 |  | $ | 1,075,487 |  | 5.9%
Minimum capital requirement (4%) | $ | 445,681 |  | $ | 421,660 |  | 5.7%
Minimum to be well capitalized (5%) | $ | 557,101 |  | $ | 527,075 |  | 5.7%

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OFG’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “OFG”. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG’s market capitalization for its outstanding common stock was $1.744 billion ($37.45 per share) and $1.764 billion ($37.48 per share), respectively.
The following table provides the high and low prices and dividends per share of OFG’s common stock for each quarter of the last three calendar years:

|  |  |  |  | Cash
| Price |  | Dividend
| High |  | Low |  | Per share
2024 |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2024 | $ | 38.16 |  |  | $ | 33.37 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |
March 31, 2024 | $ | 38.51 |  |  | $ | 34.78 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2023 | $ | 38.29 |  |  | $ | 28.67 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
September 30, 2023 | $ | 33.82 |  |  | $ | 26.14 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
June 30, 2023 | $ | 27.80 |  |  | $ | 22.80 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
March 31, 2023 | $ | 30.42 |  |  | $ | 24.37 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2022 | $ | 28.90 |  |  | $ | 25.50 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
September 30, 2022 | $ | 29.45 |  |  | $ | 24.66 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
June 30, 2022 | $ | 29.22 |  |  | $ | 25.40 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |
March 31, 2022 | $ | 30.54 |  |  | $ | 26.21 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |

In January 2024, OFG announced the approval by the Board of Directors of a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $50 million. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, OFG repurchased 669,200 shares for a total of $24.3 million at an average price of $36.28 per share. Under the prior stock repurchase program, OFG repurchased 670,099 shares for a total of $16.5 million at an average price of $24.57 per share during the six-month period ended June 30, 2023. OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase program.
At June 30, 2024, the estimated remaining number of shares that may be purchased under the new $50 million program is 686,741 and was calculated by dividing the remaining balance of $25.7 million by $37.45 (closing price of OFG’s common stock at June 30, 2024).
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Background
OFG’s risk management policies are established by its Board of Directors (the “Board”) and implemented by management through the adoption of a risk management program, which is overseen and monitored by the Chief Risk Officer, the Board’s Risk and Compliance Committee, the executive Risk and Compliance Team, the executive Credit Risk Team, and the executive Asset/Liability Team (“ALT”). OFG has continued to refine and enhance its risk management program by strengthening policies, processes and procedures necessary to maintain effective risk management.
All aspects of OFG’s business activities are susceptible to risk. Consequently, risk identification and monitoring are essential to risk management. As discussed in greater detail below, OFG’s primary risk exposures include market, interest rate, credit, liquidity, operational and concentration risks.
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from adverse movements of interest rate or prices. OFG evaluates market risk together with interest rate risk. OFG’s financial results and capital levels are constantly exposed to market risk. The Board and management are primarily responsible for ensuring that the market risk assumed by OFG complies with the guidelines established by policies approved by the Board. The Board has delegated the management of this risk to ALT which is composed of certain executive officers from the risk management, treasury and finance areas. One of ALT’s primary goals is to ensure that the market risk assumed by OFG is within the parameters established in such policies.
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In March 2023, the market reacted with volatility as a result of the collapse of three large US regional banks, which became the biggest bank failures since 2008, after they experienced a run on deposits mainly driven by a significant decrease in the value of their investments. Market reactions to recession concerns and inflationary pressure, combined with aggressive interest rate increases as part of the FRB’s efforts to control inflation during 2022 and 2023, had a significant impact on bond prices, including those guaranteed by the US government or by a US government-sponsored entity. Nevertheless, we believe that OFG has strong capital and liquidity levels that facilitate holding securities until the recovery of their amortized cost basis. We also believe that our market risk management practices have allowed us to effectively manage the market volatility over time and remained strong under these conditions. After the events triggered by such bank failures, our customer deposits base has increased. Total core deposits at June 30, 2024 amounted to $9.605 billion compared to $9.600 billion at December 31, 2023. The FDIC covers up to $250,000 per account owner by ownership category for retail and commercial deposit accounts. This coverage extends to both principal and accrued interest while the account balance remains within the limits. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of our uninsured deposits was $4.979 billion and $4.885 billion, respectively. We have $1.577 billion of deposits from the Puerto Rico government, its instrumentalities and municipalities, which represents 16% of our total deposits as of June 30, 2024, mainly from a $1.2 billion deposit received in December 2023, as we continue to build and strengthen our customer relationships. These public funds are collateralized with securities and commercial loans amounting to $1.679 billion and $1.645 billion at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The amount of these deposits may fluctuate depending on the financial condition and liquidity of these entities, as well as on our ability to maintain these customer relationships. We believe that our clients are confident in the resiliency and strong position of the Bank.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the exposure to decline in earnings or capital due to changes in interest rates. To actively monitor the interest rate risk, the Board of Directors created ALT whose principal responsibilities consist in overseeing the management of the Bank’s assets and liabilities to balance its risk exposures. In executing its responsibilities, ALT considers different methods to enhance profitability while maintaining acceptable levels of interest rate risks by implementing investment, pricing and financial strategies that help manage OFG’s vulnerability to changes in interest rates.
On a quarterly basis, OFG performs net interest income simulation analysis on a consolidated basis to estimate the potential change in future earnings from projected changes in interest rates. These simulations are carried out over a five-year time horizon, assuming certain upward and downward interest rate movements, achieved during a twelve-month period. Market scenarios that include instantaneous and parallel interest rate movements as well as other scenarios with gradual interest rate ramps, speed of interest rate changes, and changes in the slope of the yield curve are also modeled. In addition to the change in interest rates, the results of the analysis could be affected by prepayments, caps, and floors. Management exercises its best judgment in formulating assumptions regarding events that management can influence such as non-maturity deposits repricing, as well as events outside management’s control such as customer behavior on loans and deposits activity and the effects that competition has on both lending and deposits pricing. These assumptions are subjective and, as a result, net interest income simulation results will differ from actual results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, changes in market conditions, customer behavior and management strategies, among other factors.
OFG uses a software application to project future movements in OFG’s balance sheet and income statement. The starting point of the projections generally corresponds to the actual values of the balance sheet on the date of the simulations. The following table presents the results of the simulations for the most likely scenarios at June 30, 2024. The left of the table presents an analysis of our interest rate risk as measured by the estimated changes in net interest income resulting from an instantaneous and parallel shift in the yield curve over a 12-month horizon. The base case scenario assumes that the current interest rate environment is held constant throughout the forecast period for a static balance sheet and the instantaneous shocks are performed against that yield curve. The right side of the table presents an analysis of our interest rate risk as measured by the estimated changes in net interest income resulting from parallel gradual interest rates ramps over a 12-month horizon.
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| Net Interest Income Risk (one-year projection)
| Instantaneous Changes in Interest Rates |  | Gradual Changes in Interest Rates
| Amount Change |  | Percent Change |  | Amount Change |  | Percent Change
Change in interest rate | (Dollars in thousands)
+ 50 Basis points | $ | 7,839 |  |  | 1.30 | % |  | $ | 2,534 |  |  | 0.42 | %
+ 100 Basis points | $ | 15,602 |  |  | 2.59 | % |  | $ | 5,173 |  |  | 0.86 | %
+ 200 Basis points | $ | 31,180 |  |  | 5.18 | % |  | $ | 10,361 |  |  | 1.72 | %
- 50 Basis points | $ | (8,973) |  |  | -1.49 | % |  | $ | (3,028) |  |  | -0.50 | %
'-100 Basis points | $ | (17,958) |  |  | -2.98 | % |  | $ | (5,760) |  |  | -0.96 | %
'-200 Basis points | $ | (35,017) |  |  | -5.81 | % |  | $ | (12,236) |  |  | -2.03 | %

The scenarios above are both instantaneous shocks and gradual interest rate ramps that assume balance sheet management will mirror the base case. Even if interest rates change in the designated amounts, there can be no assurance that our assets and liabilities will perform as anticipated. Additionally, a change in the U.S. Treasury rates in the designated amounts accompanied by a change in the shape of the U.S. Treasury yield curve would cause significantly different changes to net interest income than indicated above. OFG strategic management of the balance sheet would be adjusted to accommodate these movements. As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, certain shortcomings are inherent in the methods of analysis presented above. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag changes in market rates. Also, the ability of many borrowers to service their debts may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase. ALT strategies consider all these factors as part of the monitoring of the exposure to interest rate risk.
Future net interest income could be affected by OFG’s investments in callable securities, prepayment risk related to mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities, and any structured repurchase agreements and advances from the FHLB in which it may enter into from time to time. As part of the strategy to limit the interest rate risk and reduce the re-pricing gaps of OFG’s assets and liabilities, OFG has executed, in the past, certain transactions which included extending the maturity and the re-pricing frequency of the liabilities to longer terms and using hedge-designated swaps to hedge the variability of future interest cash flows of forecasted wholesale borrowings. At June 30, 2024, OFG did not have derivative instruments.
Since 2023, OFG has redeployed its high cash levels and maturing treasury positions into longer-term mortgage-backed securities. These moves position OFG’s balance sheet better for the expected lower interest rate environment in the second half of 2024.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the possibility of loss arising from a borrower or counterparty in a credit-related contract failing to perform in accordance with its terms. The principal source of credit risk for OFG is its lending activities. In Puerto Rico, OFG’s principal market, we believe that recent macroeconomic conditions continue to show strength. However, as demonstrated by Hurricane Fiona in September 2022, the January 2020 earthquakes and Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017, Puerto Rico is susceptible to natural disasters, which can have a disproportionate impact because of the logistical difficulties of bringing relief to an island far from the United States mainland. The effects of climate change may further increase the risk of natural disasters in the future and the correlative risk that the physical impact of such events could adversely affect our customers, operations, and business. Moreover, the Puerto Rico government’s fiscal challenges and Puerto Rico’s unique relationship with the United States also complicate any relief efforts after a natural disaster. These events increase credit risk as debtors may no longer be capable of operating their businesses and the collateral securing OFG’s loans may suffer significant damages.
OFG manages its credit risk through a comprehensive credit policy which we believe establishes sound underwriting standards by monitoring and evaluating loan portfolio quality, and by the constant assessment of reserves and loan concentrations. OFG also employs proactive collection and loss mitigation practices.
OFG may also encounter risk of default in relation to its securities portfolio. The securities held by OFG are mostly agency mortgage-backed securities and US Treasury securities. Thus, these instruments are guaranteed by mortgages, a U.S. government-sponsored entity, or the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
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OFG’s executive Credit Risk Team, composed of its Chief Risk Officer, Chief Credit Officer and other senior executives, has primary responsibility for setting strategies to achieve OFG’s credit risk goals and objectives. Those goals and objectives are set forth in OFG’s Credit Policy as approved by the Board.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk of OFG not being able to generate sufficient cash from either assets or liabilities to meet obligations as they become due without incurring substantial losses. The Board has established a policy to manage this risk. OFG’s cash requirements principally consist of deposit withdrawals, contractual loan funding, repayment of borrowings as these mature, and funding of new and existing investments as required.
OFG’s business requires continuous access to various funding sources. Liquidity to support growth in loans held for investment has been fulfilled primarily through growth in customer deposits. OFG’s goal is to obtain as much of its funding for loans held for investment and other earning assets as possible from customer deposits, which are generated principally through development of long-term customer relationships. In December 2023, OFG received a $1.2 billion deposit in an interest-bearing checking account from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client who had an isolated inflow of liquidity resulting in a total of $1.577 billion and $1.616 billion deposits from the Puerto Rico government and its instrumentalities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. OFG is not relying on this deposit as part its long-term funding management strategies, even though these funds could remain in the Bank for a longer period. Deposit volumes as well as the customer deposit base, excluding the Puerto Rico government deposit mentioned above, have remained stable. While OFG is able to fund its operations through deposits as well as through advances from the FHLB and other alternative sources, OFG’s business may at times need to rely upon other external wholesale funding sources. OFG has selectively reduced its use of certain wholesale funding sources, such as repurchase agreements, brokered deposits, and subordinated notes, but depending on its assets and liabilities management strategies, it could use them in the future.
In the ordinary course of OFG’s operations, it has entered into certain contractual obligations and has made other commitments to make future payments. OFG believes that it will be able to meet its contractual obligations as they come due through the maintenance of adequate cash levels. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates, bear variable interest rate and may require payment of a fee. Since the commitments may expire unexercised, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. OFG evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by OFG upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Loan commitments, which represent unused lines of credit, increased to $1.424 billion at June 30, 2024 ($151.1 million with maturity of one year or less and $1.273 billion with maturity over one year) compared to $1.256 billion at December 31, 2023 ($111.4 million with maturity of one year or less and $1.144 billion with maturity over one year) as a result of seasonal paydowns of commercial lines of credit, and standby letters of credit provided to customers amounted to $25.0 million and $24.0 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Loans sold with recourse at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 amounted to $94.5 million and $98.7 million, respectively.
In the case of loans serviced by OFG for FNMA, OFG is required to advance to the owners the payment of principal and interest on a scheduled basis for six months even when such payment was not collected from the borrower due to payment forbearance granted or payment delinquency. Such amounts advanced are recorded as a receivable by OFG and are expected to be collected from the borrower and/or government agency (FNMA). At June 30, 2024, the outstanding balance of funds advanced by OFG under such mortgage loan servicing agreements was approximately $3.7 million (December 31, 2023 - $4.2 million). To the extent the mortgage loans underlying OFG’s servicing portfolio experience increased delinquencies, OFG would be required to dedicate additional cash resources to comply with its obligation to advance funds.
At both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG maintained other non-credit commitments amounting to $18.9 million, primarily for the acquisition of other investments. These cash requirements are expected to be satisfied with OFG’s unrestricted cash. In addition, as we continue to transform OFG with a focus on simplification and building a culture of excellence and customer service, we continue to invest in technology. Some of our technology investments are integrated at our long-term financial plan and required to continuously upgrade our systems. Others require us to focus our technology on investments that drive our strategy, namely digital, data analytics, cloud migration, cyber security, and our sales and service capabilities. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, OFG had commitments for capital expenditures in technology amounting to $7.2 million and $7.8 million, respectively, which are expected to be satisfied with OFG’s unrestricted cash.
OFG expects to maintain adequate cash levels through profitability, loan and securities repayment and maturity activity and continued deposit gathering activities. Our liquidity risk management practices have allowed us to effectively manage the market volatility in the past, as with the Covid-19 pandemic and the disruption in the banking industry caused by certain high-profile bank failures in 2023. Liquidity has grown from the federal stimulus programs Puerto Rico has received following Hurricane Maria in 2017, the January 2020 earthquakes, the Covid-19 pandemic, and Hurricane Fiona in 2022. However,
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liquidity can be further affected by a number of factors such as counterparty willingness or ability to extend credit, regulatory actions and customer preferences, some of which are beyond our control. With the current economic uncertainty resulting from inflation, recent geopolitical events, and increasing recessionary risk in the US, we continue monitoring our liquidity position, specifically cash on hand to meet customer demands.
In addition, as OFG is a holding company, separate from the Bank, OFG’s primary sources of liquidity are dividends received from the Bank and borrowings from outside sources. Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid by the Bank. Management believes that these limitations will not impact OFG’s ability to meet its ongoing short-term cash obligations.
Although OFG expects to have continued access to credit from the foregoing sources of funds, there can be no assurance that such financing sources will continue to be available or will be available on favorable terms. In a period of financial disruption or if negative developments occur with respect to OFG, the availability and cost of OFG’s funding sources could be adversely affected. In that event, OFG’s cost of funds may increase, thereby reducing its net interest income, or OFG may need to dispose of a portion of its investment portfolio, which depending upon market conditions, could result in realizing a loss or experiencing other adverse accounting consequences upon any such dispositions. OFG’s efforts to monitor and manage liquidity risk may not be successful to deal with dramatic or unanticipated changes in the global or US securities markets or other reductions in liquidity driven by OFG or market-related events. In the event that such sources of funds are reduced or eliminated and OFG is not able to replace these on a cost-effective basis, OFG may be forced to curtail or cease its loan origination business and treasury activities, which would have a material adverse effect on its operations and financial condition.
As of June 30, 2024, OFG had approximately $740.4 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, $787.3 million in investment securities that are not pledged as collateral, $451.6 million in borrowing capacity at the FHLB and a secured line of credit through the FRB discount window with $2.025 billion in loans pledged (borrowing capacity $1.562 billion).
Operational Risk
Operational risk is the risk of loss from inadequate or failed internal processes, personnel and systems or from external events. All functions, products and services of OFG are susceptible to operational risk.
OFG faces ongoing and emerging risk and regulatory pressure related to the activities that surround the delivery of banking and financial products and services. Coupled with external influences such as the risk of natural disasters, market conditions, security risks, and legal risks, the potential for operational and reputational loss has increased. In order to mitigate and control operational risk, OFG has developed, and continues to enhance, specific internal controls, policies and procedures that are designed to identify and manage operational risk at appropriate levels throughout the organization. The purpose of these policies and procedures is to provide reasonable assurance that OFG’s business operations are functioning within established limits. OFG also maintains a cybersecurity risk management framework in place to assess, identify and manage risks from cybersecurity threats. Refer to “Item 1C. Cybersecurity” in our 2023 Form 10-K for further discussion on OFG’s cybersecurity risk management framework.
OFG classifies operational risk into two major categories: business specific and corporate-wide affecting all business lines. For business specific risks, a risk assessment group works with the various business units to ensure consistency in policies, processes and assessments. With respect to corporate-wide risks, such as information security, business recovery, legal and compliance, OFG has specialized groups, such as Information Security, Enterprise Risk Management, Legal and Corporate Compliance, Information Technology, and Operations. These groups assist our lines of business in the development and implementation of risk management practices specific to the needs of our business groups. All these matters are reviewed and discussed by the executive Risk and Compliance Team and the executive Consumer Compliance Team. OFG also has a Business Continuity Plan to address situations where its capacity to perform critical functions is affected. Under such circumstances, a Crisis Management Team is activated to restore such critical functions within established timeframes.
OFG is subject to extensive United States federal and Puerto Rico regulations, and OFG has established and continues to enhance procedures based on legal and regulatory requirements that are reasonably designed to ensure compliance with all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. OFG has a corporate compliance function headed by the General Counsel who reports to the Chief Executive Officer and supervises the BSA Officer and Corporate Compliance Director. The General Counsel is responsible for the oversight of regulatory compliance and implementation of a company-wide compliance program, including the Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering compliance program.
As a result of the 2023 bank failures, regulatory agencies may propose certain actions, including reforms to existing regulatory and prudential frameworks that may impose different capital and liquidity requirements, including increased requirements to issue debt or raise capital. In November 2023, the FDIC finalized a rule to recover losses to the FDIC deposit insurance fund as
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a result of the bank failures. Under the rule, the FDIC will collect a special assessment based on a calculation using an insured depository institution’s estimated amount of uninsured deposits. In particular, the special assessment was imposed on insured depository institutions based on their estimated uninsured deposits in excess of $5 billion at December 31, 2022. Given that OFG had uninsured deposits under $5 billion, this special assessment did not apply to us. However, in the future there may be additional special assessments imposed on insured depository institutions that may apply to us. It is not yet possible to quantify the scope of any of these actions or the potential impact on our operations.
Concentration Risk
Most of OFG’s business activities and a significant portion of its credit exposure are concentrated in Puerto Rico. As a consequence, OFG’s profitability and financial condition may be adversely affected by an extended economic slowdown, adverse political, fiscal or economic developments in Puerto Rico, or the effects of a natural disaster, all of which could result in a reduction in loan originations, an increase in non-performing assets, an increase in foreclosure losses on mortgage loans, and a reduction in the value of its loans and loan servicing portfolio.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
OFG’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of OFG’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of OFG’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon such evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, OFG’s disclosure controls and procedures provided reasonable assurance of effectiveness in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by OFG in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within OFG to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in OFG’s periodic reports.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in OFG’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, OFG’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART - II OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
OFG and its subsidiaries are defendants in a number of legal proceedings incidental to their business. OFG is vigorously contesting such claims. Based upon a review by legal counsel and the development of these matters to date, management is of the opinion that the ultimate aggregate liability, if any, resulting from these claims will not have a material adverse effect on OFG’s financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K, except as set forth in our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. In addition to other information set forth in this quarterly report, you should carefully consider the risk factors included in our 2023 Form 10-K, as updated by this report or other filings we make with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to OFG at this time or OFG currently deems immaterial may also adversely affect OFG’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
In January 2024, OFG’s Board of Directors approved a new $50.0 million stock repurchase program. The new stock repurchase program, which is open-ended, replaces the prior stock repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors in January 2022, which had $17.2 million remaining of its $100.0 million repurchase parameters. Any shares of common stock repurchased are held by OFG as treasury shares. OFG records treasury stock purchases under the cost method
whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, OFG repurchased 669,200 shares for a total of $24.3 million at an average price of $36.28 per share.
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The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases of our common stock made by or on behalf of OFG during the quarter ended June 30, 2024:

Period |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs |  | Maximum approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the programs
|  | (In thousands, except per share data)
4/1/2024 - 4/30/2024 |  | 214,514 |  |  | $ | 36.29 |  |  | 214,514 |  |  | $ | 42,216 |
5/1/2024 - 5/31/2024 |  | 96,900 |  |  | 36.46 |  |  | 96,900 |  |  | 38,683 |
6/1/2024 - 6/30/2024 |  | 357,786 |  |  | 36.24 |  | 357,786 |  |  | 25,718 |
Total |  | 669,200 |  |  | $ | 36.28 |  |  | 669,200 |  |  | $ | 25,718 |

The estimated remaining number of shares that may be purchased under the current $50 million stock buyback program is estimated at 686,741 and was calculated by dividing the remaining balance of $25.7 million by $37.45 (closing price of OFG common stock at June 30, 2024). OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the quarter ended June 30, 2024 other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase program.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
(a) None.
(b) None.
(c) None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. |  | Description of Document:
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | The following materials from OFG’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
OFG BANCORP

By: | /s/ José Rafael Fernández |  | Dated: August 7, 2024
José Rafael Fernández President and Chief Executive Officer |  |
By: | /s/ Maritza Arizmendi Díaz |  | Dated: August 7, 2024
Maritza Arizmendi Díaz Chief Financial Officer |  |

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