The Company has continuing plans to remediate manufacturing facilities at sites around the world as and when those operations are expected to cease or we are required to decommission the sites according to local laws and regulations. The liability for estimated plant closure costs includes costs for asset retirement obligations and environmental remediation liabilities.

The principal site giving rise to asset retirement obligations is the site at Ellesmere Port in the United Kingdom. There are also asset retirement obligations on a much smaller scale in respect of other sites. Environmental remediation liabilities are insignificant.

Movements in the provisions are summarized as follows:


(in millions)	2025			2024			2023
Total at January 1	$	60.3		$	61.6		$	57.2
Charge for the period		5.6			4.7			8.9
Utilized in the period		(5.8	)		(3.8	)		(4.9	)
Exchange effect		5.0			(2.2	)		0.4
Total at December 31		65.1			60.3			61.6
Due within one year		(4.9	)		(5.0	)		(4.6	)
Due after one year	$	60.2		$	55.3		$	57.0

Amounts due within one year refer to provisions where expenditure is expected to arise within one year of the balance sheet date.

The charge for the period in 2025 represents the accretion expense recognized of $3.6 million and a further $2.0 million primarily in respect of changes in the expected cost, scope and timing of future obligations. The charges for plant closure provisions are recognized in cost of goods sold for our reporting segments and within selling, general and administrative expenses for Corporate costs.

We recognize environmental remediation liabilities when they are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated, and asset retirement obligations when there is an obligation based on a legal requirement, including those arising from a Company promise, and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The Company has to make significant judgments when anticipating the program of work required and the associated future expected costs, and comply with environmental legislation in the countries in which it operates or has operated in.

Expenditure utilizing plant closure provisions was $5.8 million, $3.8 million and $4.9 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.