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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 28, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The provision for income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 September 28, 2024September 30, 2023September 24, 2022
 (in thousands)
Current:
Federal$42,400 $41,375 $11,391 
State4,107 6,229 4,418 
Foreign1,087 997 2,297 
Total47,594 48,601 18,106 
Deferred:
Federal(14,495)(10,339)27,276 
State757 (2,547)1,710 
Foreign(744)633 (858)
Total(14,482)(12,253)28,128 
Total$33,112 $36,348 $46,234 
A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
 Fiscal Year Ended
 September 28, 2024September 30, 2023September 24, 2022
Statutory federal income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit2.8 1.5 2.5 
Other permanent differences(0.1)(0.2)(0.1)
Non-Deductible Officers Compensation 1.4 0.7 0.5 
Adjustment of prior year accruals(0.3)(0.2)0.2 
Credits(0.7)(0.7)(0.5)
Stock based compensation(1.5)(0.3)(0.5)
Other0.6 0.6 0.1 
Effective income tax rate 23.2 %22.4 %23.2 %
The tax effect of temporary differences and carryforwards which give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 September 28, 2024September 30, 2023
 Deferred
Tax
Assets		Deferred
Tax
Liabilities		Deferred
Tax
Assets		Deferred
Tax
Liabilities
(in thousands)
Allowance for doubtful accounts$5,005 $— $5,338 $— 
Inventory write-downs23,570 — 18,230 — 
Prepaid expenses1,928 1,602 
Nondeductible reserves10,958 — 10,045 — 
State taxes— 220 181 — 
Employee benefits12,232 — 10,743 — 
Depreciation and amortization185,560 192,235 
Equity earnings1,067 653 
State net operating loss carryforward16,505 — 6,158 — 
Stock based compensation6,939 — 8,155 — 
State credits3,007 — 3,055 — 
Other15,342 — 5,389 — 
Valuation allowance(9,900)— (7,659)— 
Total$83,658 $188,775 $59,635 $194,490 
The Company also has state tax net operating losses of $93.4 million, which expire at various times between 2024 and 2043, and foreign losses of $11.8 million, which do not expire.
The Company has state income tax credits of $3.5 million, which expire at various times beginning in 2025 through 2043. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance against any deferred tax assets. The Company has determined there will be insufficient future separate state and foreign taxable income for the separate parent company and foreign subsidiaries to realize the deferred tax assets. Therefore, valuation allowances of $9.9 million and $7.7 million (net of federal impact) at September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, have been provided to reduce state deferred tax assets to amounts considered recoverable.
The Company classifies uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless expected to be paid within one year. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters as a component of pretax income. As of September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023, accrued interest was less than $0.1 million and no penalties were accrued related to uncertain tax positions.
The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal years ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023:  
(in thousands)
Balance as of September 24, 2022$382 
Increases related to prior year tax positions222 
Increases related to current year tax positions100 
Decreases related to prior year tax positions(10)
Settlements(222)
Decreases related to lapse of statute of limitations(81)
Balance as of September 30, 2023$391 
Increases related to prior year tax positions1 
Increases related to current year tax positions— 
Decreases related to prior year tax positions(12)
Settlements(1)
Decreases related to lapse of statute of limitations(84)
Balance as of September 28, 2024$295 
As of September 28, 2024, unrecognized income tax benefits totaled approximately $0.3 million and all of the unrecognized tax benefits would, if recognized, impact the Company’s effective income tax rate.
The Company is principally subject to taxation by the United States and various states within the United States. The Company’s tax filings in major jurisdictions are open to examination by tax authorities by the Internal Revenue Service from fiscal year ended 2021 forward and in various state taxing authorities generally from fiscal year ended 2020 forward.
The Company believes there is a reasonable chance that its unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by less than $0.1 million within the next twelve months.