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Financial Instruments and Risk Management
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments and Risk Management FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENTThe Company's financial assets and liabilities are comprised of cash, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, financial derivatives, credit facilities and long-term notes. The carrying value of cash, trade and other receivables and trade and other payables approximates their fair value due to the short period to maturity of these instruments. The fair value of the credit facilities is equal to the principal amount outstanding as the credit facilities bear interest at floating rates and credit spreads that are indicative of market rates. The fair value of the long-term notes is determined based on market prices. The fair value of financial derivatives is measured with reference to quoted market prices, estimated of future volatility and interest rates available at period end.
The carrying value and fair value of the Company's financial instruments carried on the consolidated statements of financial position are classified into the following categories:

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Carrying valueFair valueCarrying valueFair valueFair Value Measurement Hierarchy
Financial Assets
FVTPL
Financial Derivatives$5,057 $5,057 $5,433 $5,433 Level 2
Total$5,057 $5,057 $5,433 $5,433 
Financial assets at amortized cost
Cash$— $— $5,572 $5,572 — 
Trade and other receivables107,477 107,477 173,762 173,762 — 
Total$107,477 $107,477 $179,334 $179,334 
Financial Liabilities
FVTPL
Financial Derivatives$(26,792)$(26,792)$(8,668)$(8,668)Level 2
Total$(26,792)$(26,792)$(8,668)$(8,668)
Financial liabilities at amortized cost
Trade and other payables$(155,955)$(155,955)$(207,454)$(207,454)— 
Credit Facilities(649,221)(651,173)(505,412)(506,471)— 
Long-term notes(1,132,868)(761,129)(1,328,175)(1,290,817)Level 1
Total$(1,938,044)$(1,568,257)$(2,041,041)$(2,004,742)

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in during the years ended December 31, 2020 or 2019.

Financial Risk

Baytex is exposed to a variety of financial risks, including market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. The Company's process to mitigate these risks is described below.

Market Risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of financial assets or liabilities will fluctuate due to movements in market prices. Market risk is comprised of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk.

Foreign Currency Risk

Baytex is exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates as a result of the U.S. dollar portion of its credit facilities, long-term notes, intercompany notes, crude oil sales based on U.S. dollar benchmark prices and commodity financial derivative contracts that are settled in U.S. dollars. The Company's net income or loss, comprehensive income or loss and cash flow will therefore be impacted by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

To manage the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations, the Company may enter into agreements to fix the Canadian to U.S. dollar exchange rate. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not have any currency derivative contracts outstanding.

A $0.01 increase or decrease in the CAD/USD foreign exchange rate on the revaluation of outstanding U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities, would impact net income or loss before income taxes by approximately $1.8 million.
The carrying amounts of the Company’s U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities recorded in entities with a Canadian dollar functional currency at the reporting date are as follows:
AssetsLiabilities
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
U.S. dollar denominatedUS$759,508 US$8,733 US$934,731 US$841,961

Interest Rate Risk

The Company's interest rate risk arises from borrowing at floating rates under the Revolving Facilities and Term Loan (note 8). Based on the principal outstanding on the Credit Facilities, as at December 31, 2020, a change of 100 basis points in interest rates would have an impact on net income or loss before income taxes of approximately $6.5 million.

Commodity Price Risk

Baytex utilizes financial derivative contracts or physical delivery contracts to manage the risk associated with changes in commodity prices. The use of derivatives is governed by a Risk Management Policy approved by the Board of Directors of Baytex which sets out limits on the use of derivatives. Baytex does not use financial derivatives for speculative purposes. Baytex's financial derivative contracts are subject to master netting agreements that create a legally enforceable right to offset by the counterparty the related financial assets and financial liabilities.

When assessing the potential impact of crude oil price changes on the crude oil financial derivative contracts outstanding as at December 31, 2020, a US$1.00/bbl change in the underlying benchmark crude oil prices would impact net income or loss before income taxes by approximately $18.9 million.

When assessing the potential impact of natural gas price changes on the financial derivative contracts outstanding as at December 31, 2020, a US$0.25 change in the underlying benchmark natural gas prices would impact net income or loss before income taxes by approximately $4.6 million.
Financial Derivative Contracts

Baytex had the following commodity financial derivative contracts outstanding as at February 24, 2021.
PeriodVolume
Price/Unit (1)
Index
Oil
Basis swapJan 2021 to Jun 2021
2,000 bbl/d
WTI less US$13.75/bbl
WCS
Basis swapJan 2021 to Dec 2021
7,000 bbl/d
WTI less US$13.68/bbl
WCS
Basis swap (4)
Apr 2021 to Dec 2021
1,000 bbl/d
WTI less US$11.50/bbl
WCS
Basis swap (4)
Jan 2022 to Dec 2022
6,000 bbl/d
WTI less US$12.76/bbl
WCS
Basis swapJan 2021 to Dec 2021
6,000 bbl/d
WTI less US$5.17/bbl
MSW
Basis swap (4)
Mar 2021 to Dec 2021
1,500 bbl/d
WTI less US$4.50/bbl
MSW
Fixed - SellJan 2021 to Dec 2021
4,000 bbl/d
US$45.00/bbl
WTI
3-way option (2)
Jan 2021 to Dec 2021
500 bbl/d
US$35.00/US$45.00/US$49.03
WTI
3-way option (2)
Jan 2021 to Dec 2021
1,500 bbl/d
US$35.00/US$45.00/US$49.10
WTI
3-way option (2)
Jan 2021 to Dec 2021
3,500 bbl/d
US$35.00/US$45.00/US$49.50
WTI
3-way option (2)
Jan 2021 to Dec 2021
10,000 bbl/d
US$35.00/US$45.00/US$55.00
WTI
3-way option (2)
Jan 2021 to Dec 2021
2,000 bbl/d
US$37.00/US$42.50/US$48.00
WTI
3-way option (2)(4)
Jan 2022 to Dec 2022
1,500 bbl/d
US$40.00/US$50.00/US$58.10
WTI
Swaption (3)
Jan 2022 to Dec 2022
5,000 bbl/d
US$53.00/bbl
WTI
Swaption (3)
Jan 2022 to Dec 2022
5,000 bbl/d
US$54.00/bbl
WTI
Natural Gas
Fixed - SellJan 2021 to Jun 2021
3,000 GJ/d
$2.71/GJ
AECO 7A
Fixed - SellJan 2021 to Dec 2021
16,000 GJ/d
$2.36/GJ
AECO 7A
Fixed - SellJan 2021 to Dec 2021
2,500 GJ/d
$2.40/GJ
AECO 5A
Fixed - SellJan 2021 to Dec 2021
12,000 mmbtu/d
US$2.70/mmbtu
NYMEX
3-way option (2)
Jan 2022 to Dec 2022
2,500 mmbtu/d
US$2.25/US$2.75/US$3.06
NYMEX
3-way option (2)(4)
Jan 2022 to Dec 2022
2,500 mmbtu/d
US$2.65/US$2.90/US$3.40
NYMEX
(1)Based on the weighted average price per unit for the period.
(2)Producer 3-way option consists of a sold call, a bought put and a sold put. To illustrate, in a US$35.00/US$45.00/US$55.00 contract, Baytex receives WTI plus US$10.00/bbl when WTI is at or below US$35.00/bbl; Baytex receives US$45.00/bbl when WTI is between US$35.00/bbl and US$45.00/bbl; Baytex receives the market price when WTI is between US$45.00/bbl and US$55.00/bbl; and Baytex receives US$55.00/bbl when WTI is above US$55.00/bbl.
(3)For these contracts, the counterparty has the right, if exercised on December 31, 2021, to enter a swap transaction for the remaining term, notional volume and fixed price per unit indicated above.
(4)Contracts entered subsequent to December 31, 2020.

The following table sets forth the realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded on financial derivatives.
Years Ended December 31
2020 2019 
Realized financial derivatives gain$(47,836)$(75,620)
Unrealized financial derivatives loss18,500 82,817 
Financial derivatives (gain) loss$(29,336)$7,197 

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that Baytex will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities. Baytex manages its liquidity risk through cash and debt management. Such strategies include monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows from operating, financing and investing activities, available credit under existing banking arrangements, opportunities to issue additional common shares as well as reducing capital expenditures.

As at December 31, 2020, Baytex had available unused credit facilities in the amount of $367.2 million (December 31, 2019 - $523.8 million).
The timing of cash outflows relating to financial liabilities as at December 31, 2020 is outlined in the table below:
TotalLess than 1 year1-3 years3-5 yearsBeyond 5 years
Trade and other payables$155,955 $155,955 $— $— $— 
Financial derivatives26,792 26,792 — — — 
Credit facilities (1)(2)
651,173 — — 651,173 — 
Long-term notes (2)
1,147,950 — — 510,200 637,750 
Interest on long-term notes (3)
446,854 84,502 169,004 123,479 69,869 
Lease obligations (2)
11,850 4,504 4,302 3,044 — 
$2,440,574 $271,753 $173,306 $1,287,896 $707,619 
(1)At December 31, 2019, the credit facilities were set to mature on April 2, 2021. On March 3, 2020, Baytex amended the credit facilities to extend maturity to April 2, 2024 which will automatically be extended to June 4, 2024 providing the Company has either refinanced or has the ability to repay the outstanding 2024 long-term notes with existing credit capacity as of April 1, 2024.
(2)Principal amount of instruments. On February 5, 2020, Baytex issued US$500 million principal amount of 8.75% senior unsecured notes due 2027. On February 20, 2020 Baytex completed the redemption of the US$400 million principal amount of senior unsecured notes due 2021 and, on March 5, 2020, completed the redemption of $300 million principal amount of 6.625% senior unsecured notes due 2022 (note 9).
(3)Excludes interest on credit facilities as interest payments on credit facilities fluctuate based on amounts outstanding and the prevailing interest rate at the time of borrowing.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial asset will default resulting in Baytex incurring a loss. As at December 31, 2020, the Company is exposed to credit risk with respect to its trade and other receivables and financial derivatives. Baytex manages these risks through the selection and monitoring of credit-worthy counterparties.

Most of the Company's trade and other receivables relate to petroleum and natural gas sales. Baytex reviews its exposure to individual entities on a regular basis and manages its credit risk by entering into sales contracts after reviewing the creditworthiness of the entity. Letters of credit or parental guarantees may be obtained prior to the commencement of business with certain counterparties. Credit risk may also arise from financial derivative instruments. The maximum exposure to credit risk is equal to the carrying value of the financial assets. The Company considers all financial assets that are not impaired or past due to be of good credit quality.

The majority of the Company's credit exposure on trade and other receivables at December 31, 2020 relates to accrued revenues. Accounts receivable from purchasers of the Company's petroleum and natural gas sales are typically collected on the 25th day of the month following production. Joint interest receivables are typically collected within one to three months following production. Included in trade and other receivables at December 31, 2020 is $81.3 million (December 31, 2019 - $138.0 million) of accrued petroleum and natural gas sales.

Should the Company determine that the ultimate collection of a receivable is in doubt, the carrying amount of trade and other receivables is reduced by adjusting the allowance for doubtful accounts and a charge to net income or loss. If the Company subsequently determines the accounts receivable is uncollectible, the receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts are adjusted accordingly. As at December 31, 2020, allowance for doubtful accounts was $2.0 million (December 31, 2019 - $1.6 million).

In determining whether amounts past due are collectible, the Company will assess the nature of the past due amounts as well as the credit worthiness and past payment history of the counterparty. As at December 31, 2020, accounts receivable that Baytex has deemed past due (more than 90 days) but not impaired was $1.6 million (December 31, 2019 - $2.7 million). Baytex has estimated the lifetime expected credit loss as at and for the year ended December 31, 2020 to be nominal.

The Company's trade and other receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, were aged as follows at December 31, 2020.
Trade and Other Receivables AgingDecember 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Current (less than 30 days)$104,210 $169,500 
31-60 days1,493 1,199 
61-90 days220 342 
Past due (more than 90 days)1,554 2,721 
$107,477 $173,762