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Financial Instruments and Risk Management | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Financial Instruments [Abstract] |
Financial Instruments and Risk Management | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENTThe Company's financial assets and liabilities are comprised of cash, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, financial derivatives, Credit Facilities and long-term notes. The fair value of trade and other receivables and trade and other payables approximates carrying value due to the short term to maturity. The fair value of the Credit Facilities is equal to the principal amount outstanding as the Credit Facilities bear interest at floating rates and credit spreads that are indicative of market rates. The fair value of the long-term notes is determined based on market prices. The carrying value and fair value of the Company's financial instruments carried on the consolidated statements of financial position are classified into the following categories:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 |
| Carrying value | Fair value | Carrying value | Fair value | Fair Value Measurement Hierarchy
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |
FVTPL |  |  |  |  |
Financial Derivatives | $ | 10,105 |  | $ | 10,105 |  | $ | 8,654 |  | $ | 8,654 |  | Level 2
Total | $ | 10,105 |  | $ | 10,105 |  | $ | 8,654 |  | $ | 8,654 |  |
Amortized cost |  |  |  |  |
Cash | $ | 5,464 |  | $ | 5,464 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | — |
Trade and other receivables | 228,485 |  | 228,485 |  | 173,409 |  | 173,409 |  | — |
Total | $ | 233,949 |  | $ | 233,949 |  | $ | 173,409 |  | $ | 173,409 |  |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
FVTPL |  |  |  |  |
Financial Derivatives | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (134,020) |  | $ | (134,020) |  | Level 2
Total | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (134,020) |  | $ | (134,020) |  |
Amortized cost |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other payables | $ | (281,404) |  | $ | (281,404) |  | $ | (190,692) |  | $ | (190,692) |  | — |
Credit Facilities | (383,031) |  | (385,394) |  | (505,171) |  | (506,514) |  | — |
Long-term notes | (547,598) |  | (563,292) |  | (874,527) |  | (917,889) |  | Level 1
Total | $ | (1,212,033) |  | $ | (1,230,090) |  | $ | (1,570,390) |  | $ | (1,615,095) |  |
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021. Foreign Currency Risk Baytex is exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates as a result of the U.S. dollar portion of its Credit Facilities, long-term notes, intercompany notes, crude oil sales based on U.S. dollar benchmark prices and commodity financial derivative contracts that are settled in U.S. dollars. The Company's net income or loss, comprehensive income or loss and cash flow will therefore be impacted by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. A $0.01 increase or decrease in the CAD/USD foreign exchange rate on the revaluation of outstanding U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities would impact net income or loss before income taxes by approximately $4.2 million. The carrying amounts of the Company’s U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities recorded in entities with a Canadian dollar functional currency at the reporting date are as follows:
| Assets | Liabilities
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021
U.S. dollar denominated | US$6,980 |  | US$602,503 |  | US$430,171 |  | US$829,934 |
Interest Rate Risk The Company's interest rate risk arises from borrowing at floating rates under the Credit Facilities (note 7). Based on the principal outstanding on the Credit Facilities as at December 31, 2022, a change of 100 basis points in interest rates would impact net income or loss before income taxes by approximately $3.8 million. Commodity Price Risk Baytex utilizes financial derivative contracts or physical delivery contracts to manage the risk associated with changes in commodity prices. The use of derivatives is governed by a Risk Management Policy approved by the Board of Directors of Baytex which sets out limits on the use of derivatives. Baytex does not use financial derivatives for speculative purposes. Baytex's financial derivative contracts are subject to master netting agreements that create a legally enforceable right to offset by the counterparty the related financial assets and financial liabilities. When assessing the potential impact of crude oil price changes on the crude oil financial derivative contracts outstanding as at December 31, 2022, a US$1.00/bbl change in the underlying benchmark crude oil prices would impact net income before income taxes by approximately $4.7 million. There were no natural gas derivative contracts outstanding as at December 31, 2022. Financial Derivative Contracts Baytex had the following commodity financial derivative contracts outstanding as at February 23, 2023.
| Period | Volume | Price/Unit (1) | Index
Oil |  |  |  |
3-way option (2) | Jan 2023 to Dec 2023 | 2,000 bbl/d | US$55.00/US$66.00/US$84.00 | WTI
3-way option (2) | Jan 2023 to Dec 2023 | 2,500 bbl/d | US$60.00/US$75.00/US$91.54 | WTI
3-way option (2) | Jan 2023 to Dec 2023 | 2,500 bbl/d | US$65.00/US$85.00/US$100.00 | WTI
3-way option (2) | Jan 2023 to Dec 2023 | 2,500 bbl/d | US$65.00/US$85.00/US$106.50 | WTI
Basis Swap (3) | Apr 2023 to Dec 2023 | 1,500 bbl/d | WTI less US$2.50/bbl | MSW
(1)Based on the weighted average price per unit for the period. (2)Producer 3-way option consists of a sold call, a bought put and a sold put. To illustrate, in a US$65.00/US$85.00/US$100.00 contract, Baytex receives WTI plus US$20.00/bbl when WTI is at or below US$65.00/bbl; Baytex receives US$85.00/bbl when WTI is between US$65.00/bbl and US$85.00/bbl; Baytex receives the market price when WTI is between US$85.00/bbl and US$100.00/bbl; and Baytex receives US$100.00/bbl when WTI is above US$100.00/bbl. (3)Contracts entered subsequent to December 31, 2022. The following table sets forth the realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded on financial derivatives.
| Years Ended December 31
| 2022 |  | 2021 |
Realized financial derivatives loss | $ | 334,481 |  | $ | 184,241 |
Unrealized financial derivatives (gain) loss | (135,471) |  | 103,631 |
Financial derivatives loss | $ | 199,010 |  | $ | 287,872 |
Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is the risk that Baytex will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities. Baytex manages its liquidity risk through cash and debt management. Such strategies include monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows from operating, financing and investing activities, available credit under existing banking arrangements, opportunities to issue additional common shares as well as reducing capital expenditures. As at December 31, 2022, Baytex had $385.4 million (December 31, 2021 - $506.5 million) of principal amounts outstanding on its Credit Facilities which have total availability of $1.2 billion (December 31, 2021 - $1.0 billion). On July 25, 2022 Baytex entered into a $20 million uncommitted unsecured demand revolving letter of credit facility (the "LC Facility"). Letters of credit under this facility are guaranteed by Export Development Canada and do not use available capacity under the Credit Facilities. As at December 31, 2022, Baytex had $15.7 million of outstanding letters of credit under the LC Facility (December 31, 2021 - $15.0 million). The timing of cash outflows relating to financial liabilities as at December 31, 2022 is outlined in the table below:
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | Beyond 5 years
Trade and other payables | $ | 281,404 |  | $ | 272,195 |  | $ | 9,209 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Credit Facilities - principal (1) | 385,394 |  | — |  | — |  | 385,394 |  | — |
Long-term notes - principal (2) | 554,597 |  | — |  | — |  | 554,597 |  | — |
Interest on long-term notes (3) | 206,340 |  | 48,527 |  | 97,054 |  | 60,759 |  | — |
Lease obligations - principal | 6,760 |  | 3,641 |  | 2,822 |  | 297 |  | — |
| $ | 1,434,495 |  | $ | 324,363 |  | $ | 109,085 |  | $ | 1,001,047 |  | $ | — |
(1)On April 1, 2022, Baytex extended the maturity of the Credit Facilities to April 1, 2026. (2)The US$409.8 million principal amount of 8.75% senior unsecured notes is due April 1, 2027. (3)Excludes interest on Credit Facilities as interest payments on Credit Facilities fluctuate based on amounts outstanding and the prevailing interest rate at the time of borrowing. Credit Risk Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial asset will default resulting in Baytex incurring a loss. As at December 31, 2022, the Company is exposed to credit risk with respect to its trade and other receivables and financial derivatives. Baytex manages these risks through the selection and monitoring of credit-worthy counterparties. Most of the Company's trade and other receivables relate to petroleum and natural gas sales. Baytex reviews its exposure to individual entities on a regular basis and manages its credit risk by entering into sales contracts after reviewing the creditworthiness of the entity. Letters of credit or parental guarantees may be obtained prior to the commencement of business with certain counterparties. Credit risk may also arise from financial derivative instruments. The maximum exposure to credit risk is equal to the carrying value of the financial assets. The Company considers all financial assets that are not impaired or past due to be of good credit quality. The majority of the Company's credit exposure on trade and other receivables at December 31, 2022 relates to accrued revenues. Accounts receivable from purchasers of the Company's petroleum and natural gas sales are typically collected on the 25th day of the month following production. Joint interest receivables are typically collected within one to three months following production. Included in trade and other receivables at December 31, 2022 is $180.3 million (December 31, 2021 - $154.0 million) of accrued receivables related to delivered volumes. Should the Company determine that the ultimate collection of a receivable is in doubt, the carrying amount of trade and other receivables is reduced by adjusting the allowance for doubtful accounts and recording a charge to net income or loss. If the Company subsequently determines the accounts receivable is uncollectible, the receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts are adjusted accordingly. As at December 31, 2022, allowance for doubtful accounts was $2.5 million (December 31, 2021 - $2.6 million). In determining whether amounts past due are collectible, the Company will assess the nature of the past due amounts as well as the credit worthiness and past payment history of the counterparty. As at December 31, 2022, accounts receivable that Baytex has deemed past due (more than 90 days) but not impaired was $3.0 million (December 31, 2021 - $1.8 million). Baytex has estimated the lifetime expected credit loss as at and for the year ended December 31, 2022 to be nominal. The Company's trade and other receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, were aged as follows at December 31, 2022.
Trade and Other Receivables Aging | December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021
Current (less than 30 days) | $ | 222,721 |  | $ | 171,058 |
31-60 days | 1,993 |  | 441 |
61-90 days | 766 |  | 107 |
Past due (more than 90 days) | 3,005 |  | 1,803 |
| $ | 228,485 |  | $ | 173,409 |

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