<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000733269-20-000043.txt : 20201116
<SEC-HEADER>0000733269-20-000043.hdr.sgml : 20201116
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20201116171641
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000733269-20-000043
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20201110
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20201116
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20201116

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000733269
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-COMPUTER PROCESSING & DATA PREPARATION [7374]
		IRS NUMBER:				710581897
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0331

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-38669
		FILM NUMBER:		201318362

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		225 BUSH STREET
		STREET 2:		17TH FLOOR
		CITY:			SAN FRANCISCO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94104
		BUSINESS PHONE:		866-352-3267

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		225 BUSH STREET
		STREET 2:		17TH FLOOR
		CITY:			SAN FRANCISCO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94104

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Acxiom Holdings, Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20180920

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ACXIOM CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	CCX NETWORK INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19880816
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>ramp-20201110.htm
<DESCRIPTION>8-K
<TEXT>
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<title>ramp-20201110</title></head><body><div style="display:none"><ix:header><ix:hidden><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:AmendmentFlag" id="id3VybDovL2RvY3MudjEvZG9jOjVhOTQyOTEwMjNhYTQ2MGFiY2RhYWY1MjY5ODA5YmUxL3NlYzo1YTk0MjkxMDIzYWE0NjBhYmNkYWFmNTI2OTgwOWJlMV80L2ZyYWc6ODYxYzRjZWJjMDY0NGNlYjg0NjBkYzc0MjcxYTFlNjUvdGFibGU6NDEyNDYzZGNhNmFlNDQ3MWEzMmJmOGVjMzE5ODE1NzYvdGFibGVyYW5nZTo0MTI0NjNkY2E2YWU0NDcxYTMyYmY4ZWMzMTk4MTU3Nl8yLTEtMS0xLTA_fb95ab2c-dcba-4d30-a6ad-7cb7e53b4fa8">FALSE</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" 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style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:18pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">UNITED STATES</span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:18pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">Washington, D.C. 20549</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:18pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">FORM <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" name="dei:DocumentType" 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style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1" id="id3VybDovL2RvY3MudjEvZG9jOjVhOTQyOTEwMjNhYTQ2MGFiY2RhYWY1MjY5ODA5YmUxL3NlYzo1YTk0MjkxMDIzYWE0NjBhYmNkYWFmNTI2OTgwOWJlMV8xL2ZyYWc6YWY5OGZlZWU1NDI4NDdjOGJiMTY1ODc2YjBlNTc4MDkvdGFibGU6MTliMDM3NjBkNGNlNDkxMGIxYzJmYjg4ZDM5YWE1NDEvdGFibGVyYW5nZToxOWIwMzc2MGQ0Y2U0OTEwYjFjMmZiODhkMzlhYTU0MV82LTAtMS0xLTAvdGV4dHJlZ2lvbjoyZWI5ZjljMzA1ZmU0YzM1OTk1ZjBjYjFhYzdjZjI1Ml80_9948e62b-4c59-4953-bbc8-161be543bf8f">225 Bush Street, Seventeenth Floor</ix:nonNumeric></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown" id="id3VybDovL2RvY3MudjEvZG9jOjVhOTQyOTEwMjNhYTQ2MGFiY2RhYWY1MjY5ODA5YmUxL3NlYzo1YTk0MjkxMDIzYWE0NjBhYmNkYWFmNTI2OTgwOWJlMV8xL2ZyYWc6YWY5OGZlZWU1NDI4NDdjOGJiMTY1ODc2YjBlNTc4MDkvdGFibGU6MTliMDM3NjBkNGNlNDkxMGIxYzJmYjg4ZDM5YWE1NDEvdGFibGVyYW5nZToxOWIwMzc2MGQ0Y2U0OTEwYjFjMmZiODhkMzlhYTU0MV82LTAtMS0xLTAvdGV4dHJlZ2lvbjoyZWI5ZjljMzA1ZmU0YzM1OTk1ZjBjYjFhYzdjZjI1Ml83_bf44f961-071f-4c67-83c3-4e0177b37bba">San Francisco</ix:nonNumeric>, <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince" id="id3VybDovL2RvY3MudjEvZG9jOjVhOTQyOTEwMjNhYTQ2MGFiY2RhYWY1MjY5ODA5YmUxL3NlYzo1YTk0MjkxMDIzYWE0NjBhYmNkYWFmNTI2OTgwOWJlMV8xL2ZyYWc6YWY5OGZlZWU1NDI4NDdjOGJiMTY1ODc2YjBlNTc4MDkvdGFibGU6MTliMDM3NjBkNGNlNDkxMGIxYzJmYjg4ZDM5YWE1NDEvdGFibGVyYW5nZToxOWIwMzc2MGQ0Y2U0OTEwYjFjMmZiODhkMzlhYTU0MV82LTAtMS0xLTAvdGV4dHJlZ2lvbjoyZWI5ZjljMzA1ZmU0YzM1OTk1ZjBjYjFhYzdjZjI1Ml8xMQ_f1737253-8e68-4196-8cc3-19884f5fb3a1">CA</ix:nonNumeric></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(Address of Principal Executive Offices)</span></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode" id="id3VybDovL2RvY3MudjEvZG9jOjVhOTQyOTEwMjNhYTQ2MGFiY2RhYWY1MjY5ODA5YmUxL3NlYzo1YTk0MjkxMDIzYWE0NjBhYmNkYWFmNTI2OTgwOWJlMV8xL2ZyYWc6YWY5OGZlZWU1NDI4NDdjOGJiMTY1ODc2YjBlNTc4MDkvdGFibGU6MTliMDM3NjBkNGNlNDkxMGIxYzJmYjg4ZDM5YWE1NDEvdGFibGVyYW5nZToxOWIwMzc2MGQ0Y2U0OTEwYjFjMmZiODhkMzlhYTU0MV82LTItMS0xLTAvdGV4dHJlZ2lvbjplOWEzMjdlNmM3MzE0MDExYTM1MDAzNWJlMWVmOTFkOV80_96e150cc-21c4-4736-adeb-f00d56c5403e">94104</ix:nonNumeric></span></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(Zip Code)</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">(<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" name="dei:CityAreaCode" id="id3VybDovL2RvY3MudjEvZG9jOjVhOTQyOTEwMjNhYTQ2MGFiY2RhYWY1MjY5ODA5YmUxL3NlYzo1YTk0MjkxMDIzYWE0NjBhYmNkYWFmNTI2OTgwOWJlMV8xL2ZyYWc6YWY5OGZlZWU1NDI4NDdjOGJiMTY1ODc2YjBlNTc4MDkvdGFibGU6MTliMDM3NjBkNGNlNDkxMGIxYzJmYjg4ZDM5YWE1NDEvdGFibGVyYW5nZToxOWIwMzc2MGQ0Y2U0OTEwYjFjMmZiODhkMzlhYTU0MV83LTAtMS0xLTAvdGV4dHJlZ2lvbjoyOTQzMGM4ODViMWQ0MDQ3OTQ3MGRmM2UwZGI1MjRlZl82_04f60501-eb6a-4abb-be65-68d3964af741">866</ix:nonNumeric>) </span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber" 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#000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1pt solid #000;padding:0 1pt"></td></tr></table></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;vertical-align:top;width:89.655%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:6.752%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:91.048%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span 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style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" 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style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.183%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:60.153%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Emerging growth company</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="ia335b181de2b45bd870af1dbe5b8913c_D20201110-20201110" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="id3VybDovL2RvY3MudjEvZG9jOjVhOTQyOTEwMjNhYTQ2MGFiY2RhYWY1MjY5ODA5YmUxL3NlYzo1YTk0MjkxMDIzYWE0NjBhYmNkYWFmNTI2OTgwOWJlMV8xL2ZyYWc6YWY5OGZlZWU1NDI4NDdjOGJiMTY1ODc2YjBlNTc4MDkvdGFibGU6YzI0Y2E0NmVhOWZhNDk0Nzg0OGZmOGIwZGRjNWNjNjUvdGFibGVyYW5nZTpjMjRjYTQ2ZWE5ZmE0OTQ3ODQ4ZmY4YjBkZGM1Y2M2NV8xLTEtMS0xLTA_1366eafc-1aee-41f5-9b4f-12a38c99e383">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Exchange Act.</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#9744;</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr></table></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="height:45pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div></div><div id="i5a94291023aa460abcdaaf5269809be1_7"></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"/><div style="min-height:72pt;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">Item 5.02      Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers. </span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-indent:36pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">On November 10, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) approved the amendment and restatement of the 2005 Stock Purchase Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (formerly known as the 2005 Stock Purchase Plan of Acxiom Corporation) and renamed the plan &#8220;LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan&#8221; (as amended and restated, the &#8220;Plan&#8221;). The Plan permits qualified employees to acquire shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock through payroll deductions at a discount of up to 15% of the applicable purchase price pursuant to a plan intended to qualify as an &#8220;employee stock purchase plan&#8221; within the meaning of Section 423(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.  In addition to the name change, the amendments to the Plan include, but are not limited to, amendments to:</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">&#8226;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%;padding-left:14.5pt">extend the term of the Plan until such date as the shares available for issuance under the Plan are depleted (no new shares have been added to the Plan);</span></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">&#8226;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%;padding-left:14.5pt">exclude from participation in the Plan those executive officers of the Company who are subject to reporting requirements under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;</span></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">&#8226;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%;padding-left:14.5pt">allow participating employees to purchase shares at the end of each offering period in an amount equal to the applicable discount multiplied by the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the Company&#8217;s common stock on the first day of the offering period and (2) the fair market value of the Company&#8217;s common stock on the last day of the offering period;</span></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">&#8226;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%;padding-left:14.5pt">include annual bonuses for purposes of calculating payroll deductions;</span></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">&#8226;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%;padding-left:14.5pt">extend the duration of each offering period from one month to six months;</span></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">&#8226;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%;padding-left:14.5pt">revise the limits on payroll deductions and the rules regarding employees&#8217; ability to change their payroll deductions during an offering period; and</span></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-18pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">&#8226;</span><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%;padding-left:14.5pt">limit the number of shares that participants may purchase to no more than 2,500 shares during a single offering period (subject to existing maximum limits).</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-indent:36pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">The amendment and restatement of the Plan will become effective on December 1, 2020, subject to the approval of the Company&#8217;s stockholders within twelve months after that date.  It is currently anticipated that stockholders will be asked to approve the Plan at the Company&#8217;s 2021 annual meeting of stockholders.  The Plan supersedes any former versions of the Plan.  </span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-indent:36pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">The foregoing summary of the Plan does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Plan, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. </span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div id="i5a94291023aa460abcdaaf5269809be1_10"></div><div style="-sec-extract:summary"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">Item 9.01&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Financial Statements and Exhibits</span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">&#160;</span></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exhibits</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;vertical-align:top;width:89.583%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.885%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.767%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:84.948%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Exhibit Number</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Description</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:2pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">10.1</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:2pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div><span style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit;color:#0000ff;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline" href="liveramp-employeestock.htm">LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">104</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Cover Page Interactive Data File</span></td></tr></table></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div></div><div id="i5a94291023aa460abcdaaf5269809be1_13"></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"/><div style="min-height:72pt;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div><div style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">SIGNATURES</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;vertical-align:top;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:59.316%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.921%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:37.363%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:115%">LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC.</span></td></tr><tr style="height:14pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">By:</span></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">/s/ Jerry C. Jones</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1pt solid #ffffff;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:2pt solid #000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:115%">Jerry C. Jones<br/>Chief Ethics and Legal Officer &amp; Executive Vice President</span></td></tr></table></div><div><span style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Date: 11/16/2020</span></div><div><span><br/></span></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><span><br/></span></div></div></div></body></html>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>liveramp-employeestock.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-10.1 ESPP PLAN (EFF 12.01.2020)
<TEXT>
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<title>Document</title></head><body><div id="i3d4b8f110cb64b998bce3ade64c43276_32"></div><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:right"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">EXHIBIT 10.1</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN </font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">Amended and Restated as of December 1, 2020</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">This LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the &#8220;Plan&#8221;), previously known as the 2005 Stock Purchase Plan of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. and the 2005 Stock Purchase Plan of Acxiom Corporation, was originally established by Acxiom Corporation (the predecessor of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.) to be effective as of August 3, 2005, or at such later time as the Plan was approved by the stockholders of Acxiom Corporation. The Plan as restated herein shall be effective December 1, 2020, subject to approval by the stockholders of LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), and shall supersede any prior versions of the Plan.</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">1. Purpose </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">The purposes of the Plan are to provide a method whereby employees of the Company or of any Qualified Subsidiary (as defined below), will have an opportunity to acquire a proprietary interest in the Company through the purchase of Shares (as defined below) pursuant to a plan which is intended to qualify as an &#8220;employee stock purchase plan&#8221; within the meeting of Section 423(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#8220;Code&#8221;). The provisions of the Plan shall be construed to extend and limit participation in a manner consistent with the requirements of Section 423 of the Code. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">2. Definitions</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) &#8220; Administrator &#8221; shall mean the administrator of the Plan, as determined pursuant to Section 15 hereof. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) &#8220; Board &#8221; shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(c) &#8220; Brokerage Account &#8221; shall be defined in accordance with Section 10. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(d) &#8220; Code &#8221; shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, as currently in effect or as may be                       amended in the future. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(e) &#8220; Company &#8221; shall mean LiveRamp Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any successor by merger, consolidation or otherwise. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(f) &#8220; Compensation &#8221; shall mean all base, straight-time gross earnings, commissions, and annual bonuses, exclusive of payments for overtime, shift premium, incentive compensation, incentive payments, and other compensation. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(g) &#8220; Effective Date &#8221; shall mean December 1, 2020, subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company within twelve (12) months before or after the date the Plan is adopted by the Board.</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(h) &#8220; Eligible Employee &#8221; shall mean an Employee of the Company or of a Qualified Subsidiary&#58; </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(i) who does not, immediately after the option is granted, own stock possessing five percent (5%) or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of stock of the Company or a Subsidiary (as determined under Section 423(b)(3) of the Code)&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(ii) who is not an officer subject to the disclosure requirements of section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934&#59; </font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(iii) whose customary employment is for at least twenty (20) hours per week&#59; and</font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(iv) whose customary employment is for at least five (5) months in any calendar year.</font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">For purposes of clause (i), the rules of Section 424(d) of the Code with regard to the attribution of stock ownership shall apply in determining the stock ownership of an individual, and stock which an Employee may purchase under outstanding rights or options shall be treated as stock owned by the Employee. </font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent there is any Employee who is not paid on the Company&#8217;s regular payroll system, such Employee must be employed with the Company for two (2) years before becoming eligible to participate in the Plan. The preceding sentence is not intended, and should not be construed, to expand the definition of Employee beyond those individuals who render services for the Company within the meaning of Section 3401 of the Code. The Company may, from time to time, modify the definition of Eligible Employee, provided that such modification shall neither permit nor deny participation in the Plan contrary to the requirements of the Code (including, but not limited to, Section 423(b)(3), (4), (5), and (8) thereof). </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(i) &#8220; Employee &#8221; shall mean any person who renders services to the Company or a Subsidiary in the status of an employee within the meaning of Code Section 340l(c). &#8220;Employee&#8221; shall not include any director of the Company or a Subsidiary who does not render services to the Company or a Subsidiary in the status of an employee within the meaning of Code Section 3401(c). </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(j) &#8220; Fair Market Value &#8221; shall mean, as of any date, the value of the Shares determined as follows&#58; </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(i) Where the Shares are not purchased in the open market, the closing sales price per share of the Shares (or the closing bid price, if no such sales were reported) on the New York Stock Exchange or such stock exchange or other national market system on which the Shares are listed or traded. </font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(ii) Where the Shares are purchased in the open market, the average of the actual prices, if such actual prices vary, at which the Shares were purchased. </font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(iii) In the event that the foregoing valuation methods are not practicable, such other reasonable valuation method as the Administrator shall, in its discretion, select and apply in good faith as of such date. </font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(k) &#8220; Grant Date &#8221; shall mean the first day of each Offering Period. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22.5pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(l) &#8220; Offering Period &#8221; shall mean, subject to Section 4, the six-month period commencing on the Grant Date and terminating on the Purchase Date. The duration and timing of Offering Periods may be changed pursuant to Section 4 of the Plan. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(m) &#8220; Payroll Deduction Account &#8221; shall be defined in accordance with Section 7. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(n) &#8220; Participating Employee &#8221; shall mean an Employee who participates in the Plan. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(o) &#8220; Plan &#8221; shall mean this LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan.</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(p) &#8220; Purchase Date &#8221; shall mean the last day of each Offering Period. If the last day of any Offering Period falls on a day on which the New York Stock Exchange or the national stock exchanges are not open for trading, the Purchase Date shall be the trading day immediately preceding the last day. The timing of the Purchase Date may be changed pursuant to Section 4 of the Plan. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(q) &#8220; Purchase Price &#8221; shall mean an amount equal to the lesser of (i) eighty-five percent (85%) (or such greater percentage as designated by the Board or the Administrator) of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Grant Date or (ii) eighty-five percent (85%) (or such greater percentage as designated by the Board or the Administrator) of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Purchase Date.</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(r) &#8220; Qualified Subsidiary &#8221; shall mean all Subsidiaries of the Company in existence as of the Effective Date or which may exist in the future. The Board or the Administrator may initiate or terminate the designation of a Subsidiary as a Qualified Subsidiary without the approval of the stockholders of the Company. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(s) &#8220; Shares &#8221; shall mean the common stock of the Company, $0.10 par value. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(t) &#8220; Subsidiary &#8221; shall mean any entity, domestic or foreign, of which not less than 50% of the voting rights are held by the Company or a Subsidiary, whether or not such entity now exists or is hereafter organized or acquired by the Company or a Subsidiary. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22.5pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">3. Eligibility</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) Any Eligible Employee who is employed by the Company or a Qualified Subsidiary on the first day of any Offering Period shall be eligible to participate in the Plan during such Offering Period, subject to the requirements of Section 5 and the limitations imposed by Section 423(b) of the Code. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) Each Employee who first becomes an Eligible Employee subsequent to the first day of a given Offering Period will be eligible to become a Participating Employee in the Plan on the first day of the first Offering Period following the day on which such person becomes an Eligible Employee, subject to the requirements of Section 5 and the limitations imposed by Section 423(b) of the Code. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(c) No Eligible Employee shall be granted an option under the Plan to the extent that his or her rights to purchase Shares under all Code Section 423 employee stock purchase plans of the Company and its Subsidiaries accrues at a rate which exceeds Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars ($25,000) worth of stock (determined at the fair market value of the shares at the time such option is granted) for each calendar year in which such option is outstanding at any time. This limitation shall be applied in accordance with Section 423(b)(8) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(d) As provided under Treasury Regulation Section 1.421-l(h)(2), an employee on a leave of absence covered by the Family Medical Leave Act, the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act, or any similar statute or contract that provides for reemployment or continued employment rights will be deemed to be continuously employed for purposes of this Plan. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">4. Offering Periods</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">The Plan shall be implemented by consecutive Offering Periods which shall continue until the Plan expires or is terminated in accordance with Section 20 hereof. Subject to Section 20, Offering Periods shall be six months in duration, unless another period (not to exceed 27 months) is otherwise specified by the Administrator. The Administrator shall have the power to change the duration of Offering Periods (including the commencement dates thereof) and Purchase Dates with respect to future offerings without stockholder approval. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">5. Participation</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) An Eligible Employee may become a Participating Employee in the Plan as soon as administratively practicable following the completion of an enrollment form and the filing of such form with the Company. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) Payroll deductions or contributions for a Participating Employee shall commence on the first payroll following the first day of the Offering Period and shall end on the last payroll in the Offering Period to which such authorization is applicable, unless terminated sooner by the Participating Employee as provided in Section 11 hereof. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(c) During a leave of absence approved by the Company or a Subsidiary and as long as the requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.421-l(h)(2) are met, a Participating Employee may continue to participate in the Plan by making cash payments to the Company on each payday equal to the amount of the Participating Employee&#8217;s payroll deductions or contributions under the Plan for the pay day immediately preceding the first day of such Participating Employee&#8217;s leave of absence. If a leave of absence is unapproved or fails to meet the requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.421-l(h)(2), the Participating Employee will automatically cease to participate in the Plan. In such an event, the Company will automatically cease to deduct the Participating Employee&#8217;s payroll under the Plan. The Company will pay to the Participating Employee his or her total payroll deductions for the Offering Period, in cash and in one lump sum, without interest, as soon as practicable after the Participating Employee ceases to participate in the Plan. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(d) A Participating Employee&#8217;s completion of an enrollment form will enroll such Participating Employee in the Plan for each successive and subsequent Offering Period on the terms contained therein until the Participating Employee either submits a new enrollment form, withdraws from participation under the Plan as provided in Section 11 hereof, or otherwise becomes ineligible to participate in the Plan. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">6. Payroll Deductions and Contributions</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) At the time a Participating Employee files his or her enrollment form, he or she shall elect to have payroll deductions made on each payday during an Offering Period in an amount not less than $25 and not more than $2,500 (or such other amounts as the Administrator may establish from time to time before a Grant Date) of such participant&#8217;s Compensation on each payday during the Offering Period. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) Where payroll deductions are not permitted in a country outside of the United States, a Participating Employee may elect to make contributions on each pay day during any Offering Period in an amount not less than the foreign equivalent of $25 and not more than $2,500 (or such other amounts as the Administrator may establish from time to time before a Grant Date) of such participant&#8217;s Compensation which he or she receives for the payroll period immediately preceding the relevant the Offering Period. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(c) All payroll deductions and contributions made for a Participating Employee shall be credited to his or her Payroll Deduction Account under the Plan. A Participating Employee may not make any additional payments into such account. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(d) A Participating Employee may discontinue his or her participation in the Plan as provided in Section 11 hereof, or may decrease the rate of, or suspend, his or her payroll deductions or contributions during the Offering Period by completing a revised enrollment form authorizing such change and filing it with the Company. Such change will become effective as soon as administratively practicable following the date the Company receives the revised enrollment form, which may be during the subsequent Offering Period. An election to decrease payroll deductions or contributions shall be permitted no more than once during each Offering Period, however, a Participating Employee may submit a subsequent election to suspend such payroll deductions or contributions. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 423(b)(8) of the Code and Section 3(c) hereof, a Participating Employee&#8217;s payroll deductions may be decreased to zero percent (0%) at any time during an Offering Period. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(f) A Participating Employee may elect to increase his or her payroll deductions or contributions only with respect to subsequent Offering Periods. Such change will become effective as soon as administratively practicable following the last day of the Offering Period in which the Company receives the revised enrollment form. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(g) At the time the option is exercised, or at the time some or all of the Shares issued under the Plan are disposed of, the Participating Employee must make adequate provision for the Company&#8217;s or Subsidiary&#8217;s federal, national, state, local municipal, or other tax or Social Security withholding obligations, if any, which arise upon the exercise of the option or the disposition of the Shares. At any time, the Company or any Subsidiary may, but shall not be obligated to, withhold from the Participating Employee&#8217;s Compensation the amount necessary for the Company or the Subsidiary to meet applicable withholding obligations, including any withholding required to make available to the Company any tax deductions or benefits attributable to sale or early disposition of the Shares by a Participating Employee. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22.5pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">7. Payroll Deduction Account</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">The Company shall establish a &#8220;Payroll Deduction Account&#8221; for each Participating Employee, and shall credit all payroll deductions and contributions made on behalf of each Participating Employee pursuant to Section 6 to his or her Payroll Deduction Account. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">8. Grant of Option</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">On the Grant Date of each Offering Period, each Eligible Employee participating in such Offering Period shall be granted an option to purchase on each Purchase Date during such Offering Period (at the applicable Purchase Price) up to a number of full Shares determined by dividing such Participating Employee&#8217;s payroll deductions accumulated on such Purchase Date and retained in the Participating Employee&#8217;s Payroll Deduction Account as of the Purchase Date by the applicable Purchase Price&#59; provided, however, that in no event shall any Participating Employee purchase more than 2,500 Shares during an Offering Period. Exercise of the option shall occur as provided in Section </font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">9 hereof, unless the Participating Employee has Withdrawn pursuant to Section 11 hereof or otherwise becomes ineligible to participate in the Plan. The option shall expire on the last day of the Offering Period. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">9. Exercise of Option</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) By the Purchase Date, the Company shall cause a statement of the balance in each Participating Employee&#8217;s Payroll Deduction Account to be forwarded to the securities brokerage firm as set forth in Section 10 for purchase on his or her account of the number of Shares determined under subparagraphs (b) and (c) of this Section. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) Unless a Participating Employee Withdraws from the Plan as provided in Section 11 hereof or otherwise becomes ineligible to participate in the Plan, his or her option for the purchase of Shares shall be exercised automatically on the Purchase Date, and the maximum number of full Shares subject to the option shall be purchased for such Participating Employee at the applicable Purchase Price with the accumulated payroll deductions in his or her account. No fractional Shares may be purchased. Any amount that is insufficient for the purchase of full Shares shall remain in the Participating Employee&#8217;s Payroll Deduction Account, without any interest thereon, to be used toward the purchase of Shares on subsequent Purchase Dates. During a Participating Employee&#8217;s lifetime, a Participating Employee&#8217;s option to purchase Shares hereunder is exercisable only by him or her. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(c) If the Administrator determines that, on a given Purchase Date, the number of Shares with respect to which options are to be exercised may exceed (i) the number of Shares that were available for sale under the Plan on the first day of the applicable Offering Period, or (ii) the number of shares available for sale under the Plan on such Purchase Date, the Administrator shall allocate the available Shares among such Participating Employees in as uniform a manner as shall be practicable. The balance of the amount credited to the account of each Participating Employee which has not been applied to the purchase of Shares shall be paid to such Participating Employee in one lump sum in cash as soon as reasonably practicable after the Purchase Date, without any interest thereon. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22.5pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">10. Brokerage Accounts</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">By enrolling in the Plan, each Eligible Employee shall be deemed to have authorized the establishment of a &#8220;Brokerage Account&#8221; on his or her behalf at a securities brokerage firm to be selected from time to time by the Administrator. The Brokerage Account shall be governed by, and shall be subject to, the terms and conditions of this Plan and of a written agreement between the Company and the securities brokerage firm and, if applicable, the Participating Employee and the securities brokerage firm. As promptly as practicable after each Purchase Date on which a purchase of Shares occurs, the Company may arrange for the deposit into each Participating Employee&#8217;s Brokerage Account of the number of Shares purchased upon exercise of his or her option. Shares purchased on behalf of any Participating Employee pursuant to the Plan shall be held in the Participating Employee&#8217;s Brokerage Account in his or her name. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">11. Withdrawal </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) A Participating Employee may withdraw all but not less than all of the payroll deductions or contributions credited to his or her Payroll Deduction Account and not yet used to exercise his or her option under the Plan by giving written notice to the Company at least fifteen (15) days before the Purchase Date (&#8220;Withdraw&#8221; or &#8220;Withdrawal&#8221;). All of the Participating Employee&#8217;s payroll deductions or contributions credited to his or her account during the Offering Period shall be paid to such Participating Employee as soon as practicable after receipt of the notice of Withdrawal. Thereafter, such Participating Employee&#8217;s option for the Offering Period shall be automatically terminated, and no further payroll deductions for the purchase of Shares shall be made for such Offering Period. If a Participating Employee Withdraws from an Offering Period, payroll deductions or contributions shall not resume at the beginning of any succeeding Offering Periods unless the Participating Employee delivers to the Company a new enrollment form&#59; provided, however, that any Eligible Employee who is deemed to be an &#8220;executive officer&#8221; of the Company as defined by Section 16b-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 shall not renew his or her participation in the Plan until at least six (6) months have elapsed since the date of Withdrawal.</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) A Participating Employee&#8217;s Withdrawal from an Offering Period shall not have any effect upon his or her eligibility to participate in any similar plan which may hereafter be adopted by the Company or in succeeding Offering Periods. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">12. Termination of Employment</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Upon (i) a Participating Employee&#8217;s ceasing to be an Eligible Employee for any reason, including termination of employment, disability, or death, or (ii) a Participating Employee&#8217;s being granted a leave of absence and failing to return to active employment upon the expiration of his or her leave in accordance with the Company&#8217;s policy with respect to permitted absences, he or she shall be deemed to have elected to Withdraw from the Plan, the payroll deductions on behalf of the Participating Employee shall be discontinued, and any amounts credited to such Participating Employee&#8217;s Payroll Deduction Account during the Offering Period shall be paid to such Participating Employee or, in the case of his or her death, to the person or persons entitled thereto under Section 16 hereof, as soon as reasonably practicable, and such Participating Employee&#8217;s option for the Offering Period shall be automatically terminated. A transfer of a Participating Employee&#8217;s employment between or among the Company and any Qualified Subsidiary shall not be treated as a termination of employment for purposes of the Plan. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">13. Interest</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">No interest shall accrue on the payroll deductions or contributions of a Participating Employee in the Plan, unless required to accrue in a country outside of the United States. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">14. Shares Subject to Plan</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) Subject to adjustment upon changes in capitalization of the Company as provided in Section 19 hereof, the maximum number of Shares which shall initially be made available for sale under the Plan shall be 426,481. If any right granted under the Plan shall for any reason terminate without having been exercised, the Shares not purchased under such right may, in the sole discretion of the Administrator, become available for issuance under the Plan. The Shares subject to the Plan may be authorized but unissued Shares or reacquired Shares, bought on the market or otherwise. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) With respect to Shares subject to an option granted under the Plan, a Participating Employee shall not be deemed to be a stockholder of the Company, and the Participating Employee shall not have any of the rights or privileges of a stockholder, until such Shares have been issued to the Participating Employee or his or her nominee following exercise of the Participating Employee&#8217;s option. A Participating Employee shall have rights as a stockholder with respect to all Shares which are purchased under the Plan for such Participating Employee&#8217;s account. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">15. Administration</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%"> </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) Unless otherwise provided by the Board, the Administrator shall be the Compensation Committee of the Board. The Administrator shall have the power to delegate to a subcommittee made up of Employees any of the administrative powers the Administrator is authorized to exercise, subject to applicable law, the rules and regulations of any stock exchange or market upon which the Company&#8217;s shares may be listed and&#47;or traded, and such resolutions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as may be adopted from time to time by the Board. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) It shall be the duty of the Administrator to conduct the general administration of the Plan in accordance with the provisions of the Plan. The Administrator shall have the power to interpret the Plan and the terms of the options and to adopt such rules for the administration, interpretation, and application of the Plan as are consistent therewith and to interpret, amend or revoke any such rules. All determinations by the Administrator in carrying out and administering the Plan and in construing and interpreting the Plan shall be final, binding and conclusive for all purposes and upon all persons interested. The Administrator at its option may utilize the services of such other persons as are necessary to assist in the proper administration of the Plan. The Administrator may select a securities brokerage firm to assist with the purchase of the Shares and the maintenance of Brokerage Accounts for Participating Employees in the Plan. In its absolute discretion, the Board may at any time and from time to time exercise any and all rights and duties of the Administrator under the Plan. </font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(c) All expenses and liabilities incurred by the Administrator in connection with the administration of the Plan shall be borne by the Company and its Qualified Subsidiaries&#59; provided, however, that all sales commissions incurred upon sale by a Participating Employee of Shares out of his or her Brokerage Account shall be borne by the Participating Employee. The Administrator may, with the approval of the Board, employ attorneys, consultants, accountants, appraisers, or such other persons as the Administrator deems necessary or appropriate to carry out its duties under the Plan. The Administrator, the Company and its officers and directors shall be entitled to rely upon the advice, opinions or valuations of any such persons so employed by the Administrator. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">16. Designation of Beneficiaries &#47; Transferability</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) A Participating Employee may file a written beneficiary designation naming those persons who are to receive any cash from the Participating Employee&#8217;s Payroll Deduction Account, together with any Shares and&#47;or cash from the Participating Employee&#8217;s Brokerage Account, in the event of the Participating Employee&#8217;s death. If a Participating Employee is married and the designated beneficiary is not the Participating Employee&#8217;s spouse, spousal consent may be required for such designation to be effective. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b) Neither payroll deductions credited to a Participating Employee&#8217;s Payroll Deduction Account nor any rights with regard to the exercise of an option or rights to receive Shares under the Plan may be assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of in any way (other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or as provided by the Plan) by a Participating Employee. Shares acquired by a Participating Employee pursuant to the exercise of an option hereunder, however, are freely transferable. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">17. Use of Funds</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">All funds received or held by the Company under the Plan may be used by the Company for any corporate purpose. The Company shall not be obligated to segregate such funds unless required to in a country outside of the United States. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">18. Reports</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Statements of account shall be provided to Participating Employees at least annually, which statements shall set forth the amounts of payroll deductions, the Purchase Price(s), and the number of Shares purchased. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">19. Adjustments Upon Changes in Outstanding Shares on Capitalization, Merger, Consolidation or Corporate Reorganization</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Subject to any required action by the stockholders of the Company, the number of Shares which have been authorized for issuance under the Plan but not yet placed under option, the maximum number of Shares each Participating Employee may purchase each Offering Period (pursuant to Section 9), as well as the price per Share and the number of Shares covered by each option under the Plan which has not yet been exercised, shall be automatically adjusted to give proper effect to any increase or decrease in the number of issued Shares resulting from a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, combination or reclassification of the Shares, or any other increase or decrease in the number of Shares effected without receipt of consideration by the Company, or by reason of any merger, consolidation or other corporate reorganization in which the Company is the surviving corporation. Such adjustment shall be made by the Administrator, whose determination in that respect shall be final, binding and conclusive. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">20. Amendment or Termination</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(a) The Board or the Administrator may, in its discretion and, to the extent necessary or desirable, at any time, and from time to time, modify or amend the Plan in any respect, including, but not limited to, </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(i) altering the Purchase Price for any Offering Period, including an Offering Period underway at the time of the change in Purchase Price, by setting the Purchase Price as an amount that is within the range of either 85% to 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Purchase Date, or 85% to 100% of the lesser of (x) the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Purchase Date, and (y) the Fair Market Value of a Share on the first day of the applicable Offering Period&#59; </font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(ii) shortening or lengthening any Offering Period so that the Offering Period ends on a new Purchase Date, including an Offering Period underway at the time of the change in the Offering Period, provided, however, that no Offering Period shall be shorter than one month or longer than 27 months&#59; and allocating Shares as provided in Section 9</font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(b). Such modifications or amendments shall not require stockholder approval or the consent of any Participating Employees, except that no amendment shall be made without the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting stock of the Company represented in person or by proxy at a duly held stockholders&#8217; meeting, if such amendment would&#58; </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(i) materially increase the benefits accruing to Participating Employees under the Plan&#59; </font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(ii) increase the number of Shares which may be issued under the Plan (other than as permitted under Section 19 hereof)&#59; or </font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(iii) materially modify the requirements as to eligibility for participation under the Plan, except as allowed under Section 423(b)(4) of the Code. </font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">(c) This Plan and all rights of Participating Employees hereunder may be terminated at any time by the Administrator or by the Board. Upon termination of the Plan, all payroll deductions and contributions shall cease and all amounts then credited to the Participating Employees&#8217; Payroll Deduction Accounts shall be equitably applied to the purchase of whole Shares then available for sale, and any remaining amounts shall be promptly refunded to the Participating Employees. </font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">21. Participation by Foreign Employees</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Notwithstanding Section 20 hereof, the Board shall have the authority to amend the Plan from time to time by adopting or modifying appendices that shall (a) contain such terms and conditions with respect to the operation of the Plan in one or more countries outside of the United States as are necessary or appropriate, as determined by the Administrator or the Board in its sole discretion, to bring the Plan into compliance with applicable law, tax policy or local custom, and (b) name those Employees, or describe those classes of Employees, who shall be deemed Eligible Employees from among those Employees who reside in the country or countries outside of the United States to which such appendix relates. Nothing contained in this Section 21 shall be deemed to grant the Administrator or the Board the authority to&#58; (i) change the list of Qualified Subsidiaries or otherwise change the designation of corporations whose employees may be offered options under the Plan&#59; (ii) change the class of securities issuable under the Plan&#59; (iii) increase the aggregate number of Shares that may be sold pursuant to options granted under the Plan&#59; or (iv) increase the maximum number of Shares subject to an Eligible Employee&#8217;s option pursuant to Section 3. Any such appendices adopted need not comply with the Code and associated regulations. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">22. Notices</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">All notices or other communications by a Participating Employee to the Company under or in connection with the Plan shall be deemed to have been duly given when received in the form specified by the Company at the location, or by the person, designated by the Company for the receipt thereof.</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">23. Conditions to Issuance of Shares &#47; Dividends </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Certificates for whole Shares purchased hereunder shall be issued as soon as practicable following a Participating Employee&#8217;s written request, for which a reasonable charge may be made. Any cash dividends payable on Shares held in a Participating Employee&#8217;s Brokerage Account will be used to purchase additional Shares unless otherwise directed by the Participant. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">24. Term of Plan </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">The Plan shall become effective on the Effective Date and shall remain in effect until the date that Participants become entitled to purchase a number of Shares equal to or greater than the number of Shares remaining available for purchase under the Plan in accordance with Section 9(c), unless sooner terminated under Section 20.</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:63pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">25. Equal Rights and Privileges. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">All Eligible Employees of the Company (or of any Qualified Subsidiary) will have equal rights and privileges under this Plan so that this Plan qualifies as an &#8220;employee stock purchase plan&#8221; within the meaning of Section 423 of the Code or applicable Treasury Regulations thereunder. Any provision of this Plan that is inconsistent with Code Section 423 or applicable Treasury Regulations will, without further act or amendment by the Company, the Board or the Administrator, be reformed to comply with the equal rights and privileges requirement of Code Section 423 or applicable Treasury Regulations. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">26. No Employment Rights</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">Nothing in the Plan shall be construed to give any person (including any Eligible Employee or Participating Employee) the right to remain in the employ of the Company or a Subsidiary or to affect the right of the Company or any Subsidiary to terminate the employment of any person (including any Eligible Employee or Participating Employee) at any time, with or without cause. </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:125%">27. Governing Law </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:125%">The internal laws of the State of Delaware shall govern all matters relating to this Plan except to the extent superseded by the laws of the United States. </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:63pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div></body></html>
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  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.liveramp.com/role/Coverpage" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ramp-20201110.xsd#Coverpage"/>
  <link:definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.liveramp.com/role/Coverpage" xlink:type="extended" id="id137361da3fb4bd09b544d91ca4a4884_Coverpage"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.liveramp.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ramp-20201110.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.liveramp.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended" id="idbaebf834e924c2ab29dc0e2a67d5a73_Cover"/>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ramp-20201110_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with Wdesk from Workiva-->
<!--Copyright 2020 Workiva-->
<!--r:7df42d24-c047-41c3-a0dd-6c8e24a9925f,g:8203f736-6c21-477c-a91d-dd35306ccd42-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel"/>
  <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:label id="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications_b09ef4de-520e-4cce-aa7d-6fb0129ea9dc_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="lab_dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_c083590a-42c9-413c-bef1-84e75b5ec986_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="lab_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_69a7d7e3-3bef-476e-8bb0-fef90b51f1a4_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_da2882c1-89d9-4402-b966-00589a4e87a0_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SolicitingMaterial_fdad6590-98f0-489e-bef7-7a7340087c98_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SolicitingMaterial_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="lab_dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_7f4d9070-29c2-4a4f-aba5-4b4967014445_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName_0dd929ee-b652-4186-8ac6-2a34304271b7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="lab_dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CityAreaCode_51dd91e0-0baa-4e34-9652-d8cc8414abf7_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CityAreaCode_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="lab_dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_CoverAbstract_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="lab_dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_1898d2b3-4b53-4dae-a39f-b10d56c1fdba_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_c4e71d81-8db7-462e-9e30-a4a80c8b73e3_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber_37ee6c91-fdd4-4339-9dc0-c5258f3d7a9d_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentType_8bed3e68-3e23-4492-8ece-c0925ceb592e_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_DocumentType_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="lab_dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_738457e8-8031-47a6-b0ba-7400830b5faa_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="lab_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_Security12bTitle_9b81a136-b30f-46aa-b74e-43d037c77a11_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_Security12bTitle_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="lab_dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag_dde2729f-157f-44e6-a091-67996f730c74_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="lab_dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_dcf4a086-eee6-4051-8a40-30e10e775c77_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="lab_dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_3985d103-5ee5-4ba1-a6c7-cfc627474774_terseLabel_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label id="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_label_en-US" xlink:label="lab_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.20.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140133938321496">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover page<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 10, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 10,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-38669<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">83-1269307<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">225 Bush Street, Seventeenth Floor<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">San Francisco<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">94104<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">866<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">352-3267<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $.10 Par Value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">RAMP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000733269<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
