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Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Significant Accounting Policies There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company applies the following five-step model to recognize revenue from contracts with clients:
| ● | Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a client
| ● | Identification of the performance obligations in the contract
| ● | Determination of the transaction price
| ● | Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
| ● | Recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied
Progyny’s contracts typically have a stated term of three years and include contractual termination options after the first year, allowing the client to terminate the contract with 30 to 90 days’ notice. Fertility Benefits Revenue Progyny primarily generates revenue through its fertility benefits solution, in which Progyny provides self-insured enterprise entities (“clients”) and their employees and partners (together, “members”) with fertility benefits. As part of the fertility benefits solution, Progyny provides access to effective and cost-efficient fertility treatments, referred to as Smart Cycles, as well as other related services. Smart Cycles are proprietary treatment bundles that include certain medical services available to members through Progyny’s proprietary, credentialed network of provider clinics. In addition to access to Progyny’s Smart Cycle treatment bundles and access to Progyny’s network of provider clinics, the fertility benefits solution includes other comprehensive services, which Progyny refers to as care management services, such as active management of the provider clinic network, real-time member eligibility and treatment authorization, member-facing digital tools throughout the Smart Cycle and detailed quarterly reporting all supported by client facing account management and end-to-end comprehensive member support provided by Progyny’s in house staff of PCAs. The promises within Progyny’s fertility benefits contract with a client represent a single performance obligation because Progyny provides a significant service of integrating the Progyny designed Smart Cycles and access to the fertility treatment services provided by provider clinics with the other comprehensive services into the combined fertility benefits solution that the client contracted to receive. Progyny’s fertility benefits solution is a stand-ready obligation that is satisfied over the contract term. Progyny’s contracts include the following sources of consideration, which are all variable: a per employee per month (“PEPM”) administration fee (in most, but not all contracts) and a fixed rate per Smart Cycle. The PEPM administration fee is allocated between the fertility benefits solution and the pharmacy benefits solution based on standalone selling price, estimated using an expected cost-plus margin method. The Company allocates the variable consideration related to the fixed rate per Smart Cycle to the distinct period during which the related services were performed as those fees relate specifically to the Company’s efforts to provide its fertility benefits solution to its clients in the period and represents the consideration the Company is entitled to for the fertility benefit services provided. As a result, the fixed rate per Smart Cycle is included in the transaction price and recognized in the period in which the Smart Cycle is provided to the member. Progyny’s contracts also include potential service level agreement refunds related to outcome-based service metrics. These service level refunds, which are determined based on results of a full plan year, if met, are based on a percentage of the PEPM fee paid by clients. The Company estimates the variable consideration related to the total PEPM administration fee, less estimated refunds related to service level agreements, and recognizes the amounts allocated to the fertility benefits solution ratably over the contract term. Progyny’s estimates of service level agreement refunds, have not historically resulted in significant adjustments to the transaction price. Clients are typically invoiced on a monthly basis for the PEPM administration fee. Progyny invoices its clients and members for their respective portions of the fixed rate per Smart Cycle bundle when all treatment services within a Smart Cycle are completed by the provider clinic. Once an invoice is issued, payment terms are typically between 30 to 60 days. The Company assesses whether it is the principal or the agent for each arrangement with a client, since fertility treatment services are provided by a third party—the provider clinics. The Company is the principal in its arrangements with clients and therefore presents revenue gross of the amounts paid to the provider clinics because Progyny controls the specified service (the fertility benefits solution) before it is transferred to the client. Progyny integrates the fertility treatment services provided by the provider clinics into the overall fertility benefits solution that the client contracted to receive. In addition, Progyny defines the scope of the potential services to be performed by the provider clinics and monitors the performance of the provider clinics. Furthermore, Progyny is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to the client and has discretion in setting the pricing, as Progyny separately negotiates agreements with the provider clinics, which establish pricing for each treatment service. Pricing of services from provider clinics is independent from the fees charged to clients. Pharmacy Benefits Revenue For clients that have the fertility benefits solution, Progyny offers, as an add-on, its pharmacy benefits solution, which is a separate, fully integrated pharmacy benefit. As part of the pharmacy benefits solution, Progyny provides care management services, which include Progyny’s formulary plan design, prescription fulfillment, simplified authorization and timely delivery of the medications used during treatment through Progyny’s network of specialty pharmacies, and clinical services consisting of member assessments, UnPack It calls, telephone support, online education, medication administration training, pharmacy support services and continuing PCA support. The pharmacy-related promises represent a single performance obligation because Progyny provides a significant service of integrating the formulary plan design, prescription fulfillment, clinical services and PCA support into the combined pharmacy benefits solution that the client contracted to receive. The pharmacy benefits solution is a stand-ready obligation that is satisfied over the contract term. Progyny’s contracts include the following sources of consideration, all of which are variable: a PEPM administration fee (in most, but not all contracts) and a fixed fee per fertility drug. As described above, the PEPM administration fee, less estimated refunds related to service level agreements, is allocated to the pharmacy benefits solution and recognized ratably over the contract term. The Company allocates the variable consideration related to the fixed fee per fertility drug to the distinct period during which the related services were performed, as those fees relate specifically to the Company’s efforts to provide its pharmacy benefits solution to clients in the period and represents the consideration the Company is entitled to for the pharmacy benefit services provided. As a result, the fixed fee per fertility drug is included in the transaction price and recognized in the period in which the Company is entitled to consideration from a client, which is when a prescription is filled and delivered to the members. As stated above, clients are invoiced on a monthly basis for the PEPM administration fee. Progyny invoices the client and the member for their respective portions of the fixed fee per fertility drug, when the prescription services are completed by the specialty pharmacies. Once an invoice is issued, payment terms are typically between 30 to 60 days. The Company assesses whether it is the principal or the agent for each arrangement with a client, as prescription fulfillment and clinical services are provided by a third party—the specialty pharmacies. The Company is the principal in its arrangements with clients, and therefore presents revenue gross of the amounts paid to the specialty pharmacies. Progyny controls the specified service (the pharmacy benefits solution) before it is transferred to the client. Progyny integrates the prescription fulfillment and clinical services provided by the pharmacies and PCAs into the overall pharmacy benefits solution that the client contracted to receive. In addition, Progyny defines the scope of the potential services to be performed by the specialty pharmacies and monitors the performance of the specialty pharmacies. Furthermore, Progyny is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to the client and has discretion in setting the pricing, as Progyny separately negotiates agreements with pharmacies, which establish pricing for each drug. Pricing of fertility drugs is independent from the fees charged to clients. The Company does not disclose the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations because all of the transaction price is variable and is allocated to the distinct periods to which the services relate, as discussed above. The remaining contract term is typically less than one year, due to the client’s contractual termination options. There are no material contract asset or contract liability balances as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Accrued Receivables and Accrued Claims Payable Accrued receivables are estimated based on historical experience for those fertility benefit services provided but for which a claim has not been received from the provider clinic at the end of each period, which includes assumptions regarding the lag between authorization date and service date as well as estimates for changes and cancellations of services. At the same time, cost of services and accrued claims payables are estimated based on the amount to be paid to the provider clinic and historical gross margin achieved on fertility benefit services. Estimates are adjusted to actual at the time of billing. Adjustments to original estimates have not been material. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued receivables were $34.2 million and $28.2 million. Accrued receivables are included within accounts receivable in the balance sheet. Accrued claims payable of $26.3 million and $22.8 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the balance sheet. Claims payable are paid within 30 days based on contractual terms. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, unbilled receivables, which represent claims received and approved but unbilled at the end of the reporting period, were $24.8 million and $16.4 million, respectively. Unbilled receivables are typically billed to clients within 30 days of the approved claim based on the contractual billing schedule agreed upon with the client. Unbilled receivables are included in accounts receivable in the balance sheet. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The accounts receivable balance primarily includes amounts due from clients and members. The Company estimates the allowance for doubtful accounts based on the lifetime expected credit losses for the client and member receivable pools, respectively. Under this current expected credit losses model, the Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts based on factors such as the age of the receivable balance, historical experience, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. An allowance for credit losses is applied at the time the asset is recognized. Expected credit losses are recorded as general and administrative expenses on the statements of operations. The following table provides a summary of the activity in this allowance (in thousands): ​
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ​ | Balance at Beginning of Period | ​ | Charged to Costs and Expenses | ​ | Write-offs | ​ | Balance at End of Period
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 9,502 |  | $ | 7,221 |  | $ | (593) |  | $ | 16,130
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​ ​ Cost of Services Fertility Benefit Services Fertility benefit services costs include: (1) fees paid to provider clinics within our network, labs and anesthesiologists; (2) costs incurred (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation, other related costs, and an allocation of our general overhead, depreciation and amortization) for those employees associated with our care management service functions: Provider Account Management, PCA, Provider Relations and Claims Processing teams; and (3) related information technology support costs. Our contracts with provider clinics are typically for a term of one to two years. Pharmacy Benefit Services Pharmacy benefit services costs include: (1) the fees for prescription drugs dispensed and clinical services provided during the reporting period by our specialty pharmacy partners; (2) costs incurred (including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation, other related costs, and an allocation of our general overhead, depreciation and amortization) for those employees associated with our care management service functions: PCA, Provider Relations and Claim Processing teams; and (3) related information technology support costs. Contracts with the specialty pharmacies are typically for a term of one year. In the specialty pharmacy contracts, the contractual fees of prescription drugs sold includes the cost of the prescription drugs purchased and shipped to members by the Company’s specialty mail service dispensing pharmacies, net of any volume-related or other discounts. Vendor rebates The Company receives a rebate on formulations purchased and dispensed by the Company’s specialty pharmacies. The Company’s contractual arrangements with pharmacy program partners provide for the Company to receive a discount (or rebate) from established list prices paid subsequent to dispensing when products are purchased indirectly from pharmacy program partners (such as through a specialty pharmacy). These rebates are recognized as a reduction of cost of services when prescriptions are dispensed and are generally estimated and billed to manufacturers within 20 days of the end of each month. The effect of adjustments resulting from the reconciliation of rebates recognized to the amounts billed and collected has not been material to the Company’s results of operations. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The standard is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740, as well as improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2021. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. ​ In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020, using the modified retrospective transition method, which applies the provisions of the standard at the effective date without adjusting the comparative periods presented. In addition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which allowed the Company not to reassess (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contained leases, (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (iii) initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company also elected to not reassess lease terms for existing leases using hindsight and to account for each separate lease and non-lease component as a single lease component. As a result of the adoption of the new leasing guidance, the Company recorded right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of $9.5 million and $9.9 million, respectively. The right-of-use assets are classified within operating lease right-of-use assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Lease liabilities are classified within accrued expenses and other current liabilities and operating lease noncurrent liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of the standard did not materially impact the Company’s statement of operations or statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 5 – Leases for further details. ​ In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The adoption of the new standard impacted the Company’s methodology for calculating and estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective transition method, which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit of $1.2 million. As disclosed in Note 17 – Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations Data in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly financial information for interim periods of 2020 has been recast, which includes a $0.5 million and $0.2 million impact to the previously disclosed general and administrative expense for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively. ​ In August 2018, the FASB issued final guidance requiring a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow the internal use software guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-402 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. ​ Accounting Pronouncements Issued but Not Yet Adopted In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04 (“ASU 2021-04”) “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815- 40)” which provides guidance on modifications or exchanges of a freestanding equity-classified written call options that are not within the scope of another Topic, such as warrants. The new standard will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2022 and should be applied prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after this date. The Company currently does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements, however, this impact will depend on the terms of written call options, such as warrants, or financings issued or modified in the future. ​

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