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Business Segments and International Operations | 12 Months Ended
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Nov. 30, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Business Segments and International Operations | Business Segments and International Operations Operating segments are components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer. The changes made to our organization during fiscal years 2016 and 2017, as discussed in Note 13, did not change our determination of the three reportable segments as our organizational structure maintains the focus of the three business segments. We do not manage our assets or capital expenditures by segment or assign other income (expense) and income taxes to segments. We manage and report such items on a consolidated company basis. The following table provides revenue and contribution margin from our reportable segments and reconciles to the consolidated income from continuing operations before income taxes:
| Fiscal Year Ended
(In thousands) | November 30, 2017 |  | November 30, 2016 |  | November 30, 2015
Segment revenue: |  |  |  |  |
OpenEdge | $ | 276,172 |  |  | $ | 276,267 |  |  | $ | 295,934 |
Data Connectivity and Integration | 40,955 |  |  | 48,009 |  |  | 37,926 |
Application Development and Deployment | 80,445 |  |  | 81,065 |  |  | 43,694 |
Total revenue | 397,572 |  |  | 405,341 |  |  | 377,554 |
Segment costs of revenue and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
OpenEdge | 72,497 |  |  | 72,938 |  |  | 77,085 |
Data Connectivity and Integration | 9,329 |  |  | 12,760 |  |  | 13,819 |
Application Development and Deployment | 26,645 |  |  | 40,180 |  |  | 39,386 |
Total costs of revenue and operating expenses | 108,471 |  |  | 125,878 |  |  | 130,290 |
Segment contribution margin: |  |  |  |  |
OpenEdge | 203,675 |  |  | 203,329 |  |  | 218,849 |
Data Connectivity and Integration | 31,626 |  |  | 35,249 |  |  | 24,107 |
Application Development and Deployment | 53,800 |  |  | 40,885 |  |  | 4,308 |
Total contribution margin | 289,101 |  |  | 279,463 |  |  | 247,264 |
Other unallocated expenses (1) | 218,487 |  |  | 309,172 |  |  | 232,510 |
Income (loss) from operations | 70,614 |  |  | (29,709 | ) |  | 14,754 |
Other expense, net | (5,027 | ) |  | (5,571 | ) |  | (2,400 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 65,587 |  |  | $ | (35,280 | ) |  | $ | 12,354 |
(1) The following expenses are not allocated to our segments as we manage and report our business in these functional areas on a consolidated basis only: certain product development and corporate sales and marketing expenses, customer support, administration, amortization and impairment of acquired intangibles, impairment of goodwill, stock-based compensation, fees related to shareholder activist, restructuring, and acquisition-related expenses.
Our revenues are derived from licensing our products, and from related services, which consist of maintenance, hosting services, and consulting and education. Information relating to revenue from external customers by revenue type is as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended
| November 30, 2017 |  | November 30, 2016 |  | November 30, 2015
Software licenses | $ | 124,406 |  |  | $ | 134,863 |  |  | $ | 130,250 |
Maintenance | 241,398 |  |  | 238,377 |  |  | 217,718 |
Professional services | 31,768 |  |  | 32,101 |  |  | 29,586 |
Total | $ | 397,572 |  |  | $ | 405,341 |  |  | $ | 377,554 |
In the following table, revenue attributed to the United States includes sales to customers in the U.S. and sales to certain multinational organizations. Revenue from Canada, Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Latin America and the Asia Pacific region includes sales to customers in each region plus sales from the U.S. to distributors in these regions. Information relating to revenue from external customers from different geographical areas is as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended
| November 30, 2017 |  | November 30, 2016 |  | November 30, 2015
United States | $ | 206,450 |  |  | $ | 212,312 |  |  | $ | 193,665 |
Canada | 17,492 |  |  | 16,891 |  |  | 13,901 |
EMEA | 130,359 |  |  | 130,818 |  |  | 124,171 |
Latin America | 21,158 |  |  | 21,156 |  |  | 17,594 |
Asia Pacific | 22,113 |  |  | 24,164 |  |  | 28,223 |
Total | $ | 397,572 |  |  | $ | 405,341 |  |  | $ | 377,554 |
No country outside of the U.S. accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue in any year presented. Long-lived assets totaled $39.5 million, $45.4 million and $50.3 million in the U.S. and $2.8 million, $4.7 million and $3.9 million outside of the U.S. at the end of fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. No individual country outside of the U.S. accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated long-lived assets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510 + Details
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