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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2021
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____to _____.
Commission File Number: 0-19417

PROGRESS SOFTWARE CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 04-2746201
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

14 Oak Park
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(781) 280-4000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | PRGS | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 28, 2021, there were 43,754,747 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding.

PROGRESS SOFTWARE CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MAY 31, 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 | 8
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 40
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 40
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 41
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 41
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 52
Item 6. | Exhibits | 53
| Signatures | 54

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data) | May 31, 2021 |  | November 30, 2020
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 357,360 |  |  | $ | 97,990 |
Short-term investments | 5,300 |  |  | 8,005 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 362,660 |  |  | 105,995 |
Accounts receivable (less allowances of $661 and $1,315, respectively) | 64,045 |  |  | 84,040 |
Unbilled receivables and contract assets | 23,157 |  |  | 24,917 |
Other current assets | 21,106 |  |  | 23,983 |
Total current assets | 470,968 |  |  | 238,935 |
Long-term unbilled receivables and contract assets | 10,742 |  |  | 17,133 |
Property and equipment, net | 29,333 |  |  | 29,817 |
Intangible assets, net | 190,768 |  |  | 212,747 |
Goodwill | 491,731 |  |  | 491,726 |
Deferred tax assets | 10,129 |  |  | 14,490 |
Right-of-use lease assets | 30,833 |  |  | 30,635 |
Other assets | 5,490 |  |  | 6,299 |
Total assets | $ | 1,239,994 |  |  | $ | 1,041,782 |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt, net | $ | 22,005 |  |  | $ | 18,242 |
Accounts payable | 11,358 |  |  | 9,978 |
Accrued compensation and related taxes | 29,344 |  |  | 36,816 |
Dividends payable to shareholders | 7,921 |  |  | 7,904 |
Short-term operating lease liabilities | 7,361 |  |  | 7,015 |
Income taxes payable | 1,407 |  |  | 1,899 |
Other accrued liabilities | 11,209 |  |  | 14,302 |
Short-term deferred revenue | 175,472 |  |  | 166,387 |
Total current liabilities | 266,077 |  |  | 262,543 |
Long-term debt, net | 254,757 |  |  | 364,260 |
Convertible senior notes, net | 288,023 |  |  | — |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 26,541 |  |  | 26,966 |
Long-term deferred revenue | 27,158 |  |  | 26,908 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 11,717 |  |  | 15,092 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized, 10,000,000 shares; issued, none | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, and additional paid-in capital; authorized, 200,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding, 43,745,051 shares in 2021 and 44,240,635 shares in 2020 | 334,064 |  |  | 306,244 |
Retained earnings | 60,301 |  |  | 72,547 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (28,644) |  |  | (32,778) |
Total shareholders’ equity | 365,721 |  |  | 346,013 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 1,239,994 |  |  | $ | 1,041,782 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share data) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software licenses | $ | 30,107 |  |  | $ | 19,663 |  |  | $ | 63,424 |  |  | $ | 50,292 |
Maintenance and services | 92,381 |  |  | 80,720 |  |  | 180,344 |  |  | 159,774 |
Total revenue | 122,488 |  |  | 100,383 |  |  | 243,768 |  |  | 210,066 |
Costs of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of software licenses | 1,038 |  |  | 810 |  |  | 2,189 |  |  | 2,199 |
Cost of maintenance and services | 14,673 |  |  | 11,785 |  |  | 27,992 |  |  | 23,636 |
Amortization of acquired intangibles | 3,599 |  |  | 1,664 |  |  | 7,120 |  |  | 3,310 |
Total costs of revenue | 19,310 |  |  | 14,259 |  |  | 37,301 |  |  | 29,145 |
Gross profit | 103,178 |  |  | 86,124 |  |  | 206,467 |  |  | 180,921 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 29,262 |  |  | 21,716 |  |  | 58,731 |  |  | 45,914 |
Product development | 26,415 |  |  | 21,787 |  |  | 50,963 |  |  | 43,441 |
General and administrative | 16,460 |  |  | 12,440 |  |  | 29,884 |  |  | 25,188 |
Amortization of acquired intangibles | 7,979 |  |  | 4,177 |  |  | 14,858 |  |  | 8,308 |
Restructuring expenses | (64) |  |  | 695 |  |  | 1,093 |  |  | 1,735 |
Acquisition-related expenses | 844 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,240 |  |  | 314 |
Total operating expenses | 80,896 |  |  | 60,815 |  |  | 156,769 |  |  | 124,900 |
Income from operations | 22,282 |  |  | 25,309 |  |  | 49,698 |  |  | 56,021 |
Other (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (4,601) |  |  | (2,598) |  |  | (7,115) |  |  | (5,390) |
Interest income and other, net | 4 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 333 |
Foreign currency loss, net | (621) |  |  | (371) |  |  | (878) |  |  | (1,187) |
Total other expense, net | (5,218) |  |  | (2,847) |  |  | (7,870) |  |  | (6,244) |
Income before income taxes | 17,064 |  |  | 22,462 |  |  | 41,828 |  |  | 49,777 |
Provision for income taxes | 3,507 |  |  | 5,494 |  |  | 9,310 |  |  | 11,693 |
Net income | $ | 13,557 |  |  | $ | 16,968 |  |  | $ | 32,518 |  |  | $ | 38,084 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 0.85 |
Diluted | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 43,818 |  |  | 44,889 |  |  | 43,963 |  |  | 44,893 |
Diluted | 44,472 |  |  | 45,267 |  |  | 44,562 |  |  | 45,391 |
Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.175 |  |  | $ | 0.165 |  |  | $ | 0.350 |  |  | $ | 0.330 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Net income | $ | 13,557 |  |  | $ | 16,968 |  |  | $ | 32,518 |  |  | $ | 38,084 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 1,876 |  |  | (2,982) |  |  | 3,101 |  |  | (4,190) |
Unrealized gain (loss) on hedging activity, net of tax provision of $76 and $347 for the second quarter and first six months of 2021, respectively and net of tax benefit of $760 and $1,468 for the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively | 235 |  |  | (2,058) |  |  | 1,072 |  |  | (4,164) |
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments, net of tax provision of $30 and a tax benefit of $12 for the second quarter and first six months of 2021, respectively and net of tax provision of $41 and $45 for the second quarter and first six months of 2020, respectively | (53) |  |  | 13 |  |  | (39) |  |  | 84 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 2,058 |  |  | (5,027) |  |  | 4,134 |  |  | (8,270) |
Comprehensive income | $ | 15,615 |  |  | $ | 11,941 |  |  | $ | 36,652 |  |  | $ | 29,814 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

| Six Months Ended May 31, 2021
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders' Equity
(in thousands) | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance, December 1, 2020 | 44,241 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 305,802 |  |  | $ | 72,547 |  |  | $ | (32,778) |  |  | $ | 346,013 |
Issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan | 145 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4,039 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,040 |
Exercise of stock options | 56 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,831 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,832 |
Vesting of restricted stock units and release of deferred stock units | 100 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Withholding tax payments related to net issuance of RSUs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,373) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,373) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,146 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,146 |
Equity components of Notes, net of issuance costs and tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,797 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,797 |
Purchase of capped calls, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,752) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,752) |
Dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,634) |  |  | — |  |  | (15,634) |
Treasury stock repurchases and retirements | (797) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (5,862) |  |  | (29,130) |  |  | — |  |  | (35,000) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,518 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,518 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,134 |  |  | 4,134 |
Balance, May 31, 2021 | 43,745 |  |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 333,627 |  |  | $ | 60,301 |  |  | $ | (28,644) |  |  | $ | 365,721 |

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2021
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders' Equity
(in thousands) | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance, March 1, 2021 | 44,000 |  |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | 311,697 |  |  | $ | 71,118 |  |  | $ | (30,702) |  |  | $ | 352,553 |
Issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,495 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,495 |
Exercise of stock options | 28 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 914 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 915 |
Vesting of restricted stock units and release of deferred stock units | 72 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Withholding tax payments related to net issuance of RSUs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,481) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,481) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,362 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,362 |
Equity components of Notes, net of issuance costs and tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,797 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,797 |
Purchase of capped calls, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,752) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,752) |
Dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,783) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,783) |
Treasury stock repurchases and retirements | (444) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (3,404) |  |  | (16,591) |  |  | — |  |  | (20,000) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,557 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,557 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,058 |  |  | 2,058 |
Balance, May 31, 2021 | 43,745 |  |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 333,627 |  |  | $ | 60,301 |  |  | $ | (28,644) |  |  | $ | 365,721 |

6

| Six Months Ended May 31, 2020
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders' Equity
(in thousands) | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance, December 1, 2019 | 45,037 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 295,503 |  |  | $ | 64,303 |  |  | $ | (29,974) |  |  | $ | 330,282 |
Issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan | 124 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,512 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,513 |
Exercise of stock options | 113 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,527 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,528 |
Vesting of restricted stock units and release of deferred stock units | 185 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Withholding tax payments related to net issuance of RSUs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,895) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,895) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,674 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,674 |
Dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,955) |  |  | — |  |  | (14,955) |
Treasury stock repurchases and retirements | (426) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (6,487) |  |  | (13,509) |  |  | — |  |  | (20,000) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,084 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,270) |  |  | (8,270) |
Balance, May 31, 2020 | 45,033 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 303,832 |  |  | $ | 73,923 |  |  | $ | (38,244) |  |  | $ | 339,961 |

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2020
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders' Equity
(in thousands) | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance, March 1, 2020 | 44,769 |  |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 296,251 |  |  | $ | 64,475 |  |  | $ | (33,217) |  |  | $ | 327,957 |
Issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan | 85 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,318 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,319 |
Exercise of stock options | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,587 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,587 |
Vesting of restricted stock units and release of deferred stock units | 128 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Withholding tax payments related to net issuance of RSUs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,946) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,946) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,623 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,623 |
Dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,520) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,520) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,968 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,968 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,027) |  |  | (5,027) |
Balance, May 31, 2020 | 45,033 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 303,832 |  |  | $ | 73,923 |  |  | $ | (38,244) |  |  | $ | 339,961 |

7

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

| Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 32,518 |  |  | $ | 38,084 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment | 2,741 |  |  | 3,248 |
Amortization of acquired intangibles and other | 22,267 |  |  | 11,993 |
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs on Notes | 1,683 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | 15,146 |  |  | 11,674 |
Non-cash lease expense | 4,183 |  |  | 4,907 |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 3 |  |  | 531 |
Deferred income taxes | (705) |  |  | 1,944 |
Allowances for bad debt and sales credits | (358) |  |  | 274 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 29,105 |  |  | 18,369 |
Other assets | 1,722 |  |  | 4,968 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (11,554) |  |  | (18,664) |
Lease liabilities | (4,467) |  |  | (4,076) |
Income taxes payable | (1,059) |  |  | 940 |
Deferred revenue | 8,153 |  |  | (3,219) |
Net cash flows from operating activities | 99,378 |  |  | 70,973 |
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of investments | — |  |  | (5,009) |
Sales and maturities of investments | 2,650 |  |  | 14,051 |
Purchases of property and equipment | (2,116) |  |  | (1,757) |
Decrease in escrow receivable | 2,130 |  |  | — |
Net cash flows from investing activities | 2,664 |  |  | 7,285 |
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from stock-based compensation plans | 6,300 |  |  | 7,308 |
Payments for taxes related to net share settlements of equity awards | (2,373) |  |  | (3,895) |
Repurchases of common stock | (35,000) |  |  | (20,000) |
Proceeds from issuance of senior convertible notes, net of issuance costs of $9,900 | 350,100 |  |  | — |
Purchase of capped calls | (43,056) |  |  | — |
Dividend payments to shareholders | (15,617) |  |  | (14,906) |
Payment of principal on long-term debt | (106,025) |  |  | (3,762) |
Payment of debt issuance costs | (904) |  |  | — |
Net cash flows from (used in) financing activities | 153,425 |  |  | (35,255) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 3,903 |  |  | (4,040) |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 259,370 |  |  | 38,963 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 97,990 |  |  | 154,259 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 357,360 |  |  | $ | 193,222 |

8

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, continued

| Six Months Ended
| May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Supplemental disclosure: |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds of $488 in 2021 and $239 in 2020 | $ | 6,677 |  |  | $ | 4,587 |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 4,480 |  |  | $ | 4,898 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Total fair value of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and deferred stock units on date vested | $ | 8,698 |  |  | $ | 12,090 |
Dividends declared | $ | 7,921 |  |  | $ | 7,539 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
9

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1: Basis of Presentation
Company Overview - Progress Software Corporation ("Progress," the "Company," "we," "us," or "our") provides the best products to develop, deploy and manage high-impact business applications. Our comprehensive product stack is designed to make technology teams more productive and we have a deep commitment to the developer community, both open source and commercial alike. With Progress, organizations can accelerate the creation and delivery of strategic business applications, automate the process by which applications are configured, deployed and scaled, and make critical data and content more accessible and secure—leading to competitive differentiation and business success. Over 1,700 independent software vendors ("ISVs"), 100,000 enterprise customers, and 3 million developers rely on Progress to power their applications.
Our products are generally sold as perpetual licenses, but certain products also use term licensing models and our cloud-based offerings use a subscription-based model. More than half of our worldwide license revenue is realized through relationships with indirect channel partners, principally ISVs, original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), distributors and value-added resellers. ISVs develop and market applications using our technology and resell our products in conjunction with sales of their own products that incorporate our technology. OEMs are companies that embed our products into their own software products or devices. Value-added resellers are companies that add features or services to our product, then resell it as an integrated product or complete "turn-key" solution.
We operate in North America and Latin America (the "Americas"); Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"); and the Asia Pacific region, through local subsidiaries as well as independent distributors.
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - We prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for complete financial statements and these unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2020, as amended by Form 10-K/A filed on March 30, 2021 (together, the "2020 10-K").
We made no material changes in the application of our significant accounting policies that were disclosed in our 2020 10-K. We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements on the same basis as the audited financial statements included in our 2020 10-K, and these financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and records changes in estimates in the period in which they become known. These estimates are based on historical data and experience, as well as various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The most significant estimates relate to: the timing and amount of revenue recognition, including the determination of the nature and timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations, the standalone selling price of performance obligations, and the transaction price allocated to performance obligations; the realization of tax assets and estimates of tax liabilities; fair values of investments in marketable securities; intangible assets and goodwill valuations; the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities; the collectability of accounts receivable; and assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
10

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable, upon initial recognition of that financial asset using a forward-looking expected loss model, rather than an incurred loss model. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses when the fair value is below the amortized cost of the asset, removing the concept of "other-than-temporary" impairments. The Company adopted this standard effective December 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Convertible Debt
In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity ("ASU 2020-06"), which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. The standard eliminates the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature. As a result, after adoption, entities will no longer separately present an embedded conversion feature for such debt in equity. Additionally, the debt discount resulting from the separation of the embedded conversion feature will no longer be amortized into income as interest expense over the instrument’s life. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. The standard also requires applying the if-converted method to calculate the impact of the convertible instrument on diluted earnings per share.
The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. It can be adopted on either a full retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company plans to adopt this standard in accordance with the full retrospective approach in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. We have substantially completed our assessment of the retrospective application of this new standard to our historical financial statements. On a preliminary basis, we believe that the retrospective impact of the adoption of the standard on fiscal year 2021 results will be an increase of interest expense of approximately $6.9 million, an increase of notes payable of approximately $56.0 million, a decrease of deferred tax liabilities of approximately $13.7 million, a decrease of additional paid-in capital of approximately $49.2 million, and a decrease of retained earnings of approximately $6.9 million. We will finalize our retrospective presentation of our historical financial statements under the new standard in connection with our 10-Q filings during fiscal year 2022 and our 10-K for the fiscal year ending November 30, 2022.
Note 2: Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
A summary of our cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments at May 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

| Amortized Cost Basis |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Cash | $ | 335,668 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 335,668 |
Money market funds | 21,692 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,692 |
U.S. treasury bonds | 3,746 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,773 |
Corporate bonds | 1,506 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,527 |
Total | $ | 362,612 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 362,660 |

11

A summary of our cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments at November 30, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):

| Amortized Cost Basis |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Cash | $ | 79,026 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79,026 |
Money market funds | 18,964 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,964 |
U.S. treasury bonds | 4,993 |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,051 |
Corporate bonds | 2,913 |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,954 |
Total | $ | 105,896 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 105,995 |

Such amounts are classified on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

| May 31, 2021 |  | November 30, 2020
| Cash and Equivalents |  | Short-Term Investments |  | Cash and Equivalents |  | Short-Term Investments
Cash | $ | 335,668 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79,026 |  |  | $ | — |
Money market funds | 21,692 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,964 |  |  | — |
U.S. treasury bonds | — |  |  | 3,773 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,051 |
Corporate bonds | — |  |  | 1,527 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,954 |
Total | $ | 357,360 |  |  | $ | 5,300 |  |  | $ | 97,990 |  |  | $ | 8,005 |

The fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity is as follows (in thousands):

| May 31, 2021 |  | November 30, 2020
Due in one year or less | $ | 4,230 |  |  | $ | 5,998 |
Due after one year(1) | 1,070 |  |  | 2,007 |
Total | $ | 5,300 |  |  | $ | 8,005 |

(1)Includes U.S. treasury bonds and corporate bonds, which are securities representing investments available for current operations and are classified as current on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
We did not hold any investments with continuous unrealized losses as of May 31, 2021 or November 30, 2020.
12

Note 3: Derivative Instruments
Cash Flow Hedge
On July 9, 2019, we entered into an interest rate swap contract with an initial notional amount of $150.0 million to manage the variability of cash flows associated with approximately one-half of our variable rate debt. The contract matures on April 30, 2024 and requires periodic interest rate settlements. Under this interest rate swap contract, we receive a floating rate based on the greater of 1-month LIBOR or 0.00%, and pay a fixed rate of 1.855% on the outstanding notional amount.
We have designated the interes t rate swap as a cash flow hedge and assess the hedge effectiveness both at the onset of the hedge and at regular intervals throughout the life of the derivative. To the extent that the interest rate swap is highly effective in offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, changes in the fair value of the derivative are included as a component of other comprehensive loss on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Although we have determined at the onset of the hedge that the interest rate swap will be a highly effective hedge throughout the term of the contract, any portion of the fair value swap subsequently determined to be ineffective will be recognized in earnings. As of May 31, 2021, the fair value of the hedge was a loss of $5.4 million, which was included in other noncurrent liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents our interest rate swap contract where the notional amount reflects the quarterly amortization of the interest rate swap, which is equal to approximately one-half of the corresponding reduction in the balance of our term loan as we make scheduled principal payments. The fair value of the derivative represents the discounted value of the expected future discounted cash flows for the interest rate swap, based on the amortization schedule and the current forward curve for the remaining term of the contract, as of the date of each reporting period (in thousands):

| May 31, 2021 |  | November 30, 2020
| Notional Value |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Value |  | Fair Value
Interest rate swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges | $ | 138,750 |  |  | $ | (5,436) |  |  | $ | 142,500 |  |  | $ | (6,855) |

Forward Contracts
We generally use forward contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to hedge economically the impact of the variability in exchange rates on intercompany accounts receivable and loans receivable denominated in certain foreign currencies. We generally do not hedge the net assets of our international subsidiaries.
All forward contracts are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets at the end of each reporting period and expire between 30 days and two years from the date the contract was entered. At May 31, 2021, $3.2 million was recorded in other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At November 30, 2020, $1.4 million was recorded in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
In the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, realized and unrealized gains of $0.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively, from our forward contracts were recognized in foreign currency loss, net, on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. In the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, realized and unrealized losses of $1.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively, from our forward contracts were recognized in foreign currency loss, net, on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. These gains and losses were substantially offset by realized and unrealized losses and gains on the offsetting positions.
The table below details outstanding foreign currency forward contracts where the notional amount is determined using contract exchange rates (in thousands):

| May 31, 2021 |  | November 30, 2020
| Notional Value |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Value |  | Fair Value
Forward contracts to sell U.S. dollars | $ | 66,436 |  |  | $ | 3,176 |  |  | $ | 69,031 |  |  | $ | 1,445 |
Forward contracts to purchase U.S. dollars | 728 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 440 |  |  | (3) |
Total | $ | 67,164 |  |  | $ | 3,178 |  |  | $ | 69,471 |  |  | $ | 1,442 |

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Note 4: Fair Value Measurements
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table details the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of our financial assets and liabilities at May 31, 2021 (in thousands):

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
| Total Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 21,692 |  |  | $ | 21,692 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. treasury bonds | 3,773 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,773 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 1,527 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,527 |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 3,178 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,178 |  |  | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | $ | (5,436) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5,436) |  |  | $ | — |

The following table details the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of our financial assets and liabilities at November 30, 2020 (in thousands):

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
| Total Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 18,964 |  |  | $ | 18,964 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. treasury bonds | 5,051 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,051 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 2,954 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,954 |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange derivatives | 1,442 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,442 |  |  | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | $ | (6,855) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6,855) |  |  | $ | — |

When developing fair value estimates, we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When available, we use quoted market prices to measure fair value. The valuation technique used to measure fair value for our Level 1 and Level 2 assets is a market approach, using prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets. If market prices are not available, the fair value measurement is based on models that use primarily market-based parameters including yield curves, volatilities, credit ratings and currency rates. In certain cases where market rate assumptions are not available, we are required to make judgments about assumptions market participants would use to estimate the fair value of a financial instrument.
Fair Value of the Convertible Senior Notes
The liability component of the Company’s Notes (as defined in Note 7: Debt) was recorded at $295.2 million upon issuance, which reflected the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The fair value was determined based on a discounted cash flow model and classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The discount rate used reflected both the time value of money and credit risk inherent in the Notes. The carrying value of the liability component of the Notes will be accreted, over the remaining term to maturity, to their principal value of $360.0 million.
The Notes’ fair value, inclusive of the conversion feature embedded in the Notes, was $361.5 million as of May 31, 2021. The fair value was determined based on the Notes’ quoted price in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period and classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 7: Debt for additional information.
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Note 5: Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are comprised of the following significant classes (in thousands):

| May 31, 2021 |  | November 30, 2020
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value
Purchased technology | $ | 173,486 |  |  | $ | (120,984) |  |  | $ | 52,502 |  |  | $ | 173,486 |  |  | $ | (113,863) |  |  | $ | 59,623 |
Customer-related | 231,342 |  |  | (104,265) |  |  | 127,077 |  |  | 231,342 |  |  | (91,326) |  |  | 140,016 |
Trademarks and trade names | 30,440 |  |  | (19,861) |  |  | 10,579 |  |  | 30,440 |  |  | (18,275) |  |  | 12,165 |
Non-compete agreement | 2,000 |  |  | (1,390) |  |  | 610 |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | (1,057) |  |  | 943 |
Total | $ | 437,268 |  |  | $ | (246,500) |  |  | $ | 190,768 |  |  | $ | 437,268 |  |  | $ | (224,521) |  |  | $ | 212,747 |

In the three and six month ended May 31, 2021, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $11.6 million and $22.0 million, respectively. In the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $5.8 million and $11.6 million, respectively.
Future amortization expense for intangible assets as of May 31, 2021, is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2021 | $ | 22,912 |
2022 | 44,836 |
2023 | 44,560 |
2024 | 31,743 |
2025 | 21,233 |
Thereafter | 25,484 |
Total | $ | 190,768 |

Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in the six months ended May 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

Balance, November 30, 2020 | $ | 491,726 |
Translation adjustments | 5 |
Balance, May 31, 2021 | $ | 491,731 |

During the quarter ending May 31, 2021, no triggering events occurred that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying values of any of our reporting units exceeded their fair values.
Note 6: Business Combinations
Chef Acquisition
On October 5, 2020, we completed the acquisition of Chef Software Inc. (“Chef”) pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of September 4, 2020. The acquisition was completed for a base purchase price of $220.0 million, subject to certain customary adjustments as further described in the Merger Agreement (the “Aggregate Consideration”), which was paid in cash. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, $12.0 million of the Aggregate Consideration was deposited into an escrow account to secure certain indemnification and other potential obligations of the former Chef equity holders.
Chef is a global leader in DevOps and DevSecOps, providing complete infrastructure automation to build, deploy, manage and secure applications in modern multi-cloud and hybrid environments, as well as on-premises. Chef has enhanced our position as a trusted provider of the best products to develop, deploy and manage high-impact business applications by providing industry-
15

leading compliance and application automation products for multi-cloud and on-prem infrastructure. The acquisition bolstered our core offerings, enabling customers to respond faster to business demands and improve efficiency. We funded the acquisition through a combination of existing cash resources and by drawing down $98.5 million from our existing revolving credit facility (Note 7).
The Aggregate Consideration has been allocated to Chef’s tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities based on their estimated fair values. The preliminary fair value estimates of the net assets acquired are based upon preliminary calculations and valuations, and those estimates and assumptions are subject to change as we obtain additional information for those estimates during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The excess of the total consideration over the tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities was recorded as goodwill.
The allocation of the purchase price is as follows (in thousands):

| Total |  | Life
Net working capital | $ | 52,330 |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 498 |  |  |
Purchased technology | 38,300 |  |  | 5 years
Trade name | 5,700 |  |  | 5 years
Customer relationships | 97,300 |  |  | 7 years
Other assets | 122 |  |  |
Other noncurrent liabilities | (841) |  |  |
Lease liabilities, net | (1,810) |  |  |
Deferred taxes | (7,817) |  |  |
Deferred revenue | (12,525) |  |  |
Goodwill | 59,858 |  |  |
Net assets acquired | $ | 231,115 |  |  |

The fair value of the intangible assets was estimated using the income approach in which the after-tax cash flows are discounted to present value. The cash flows are based on estimates used to value the acquisition, and the discount rates applied were benchmarked with reference to the implied rate of return from the transaction model as well as the weighted average cost of capital. The valuation assumptions take into consideration our estimates of customer attrition, technology obsolescence, and revenue growth projections.
Tangible assets acquired and assumed liabilities were recorded at fair value. The valuation of the assumed deferred revenue was based on our contractual commitment to provide post-contract customer support to Chef customers and future contractual performance obligations under existing hosting arrangements. The fair value of this assumed liability was based on the estimated cost plus a reasonable margin to fulfill these service obligations. A significant portion of the deferred revenue is expected to be recognized in the 12 months following the acquisition.
We recorded the excess of the purchase price over the identified tangible and intangible assets as goodwill. We believe that the investment value of the future enhancement of our product and solution offerings created as a result of this acquisition has principally contributed to a purchase price that resulted in the recognition of $59.9 million of goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes.
Acquisition-related transaction costs (e.g., legal, due diligence, valuation, and other professional fees) and certain acquisition restructuring and related charges are not included as a component of consideration transferred but are required to be expensed as incurred. During the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, we incurred approximately $0.2 million and $0.6 million of acquisition-related costs, respectively, which are included in acquisition-related expenses on our consolidated statement of operations.
The operations of Chef were initially included in our operating results from the date of acquisition. The amount of revenue of Chef included in our consolidated statement of operations during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 was approximately $12.4 million and $24.3 million, respectively. We determined that disclosing the amount of Chef related earnings included in the consolidated statements of operations is impracticable, as certain operations of Chef were integrated into the operations of the Company from the date of acquisition.
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Pro Forma Information
The following pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Progress and Chef as if the acquisition had occurred on December 1, 2018, after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. The pro forma adjustments reflected herein include only those adjustments that are directly attributable to the Chef acquisition and factually supportable. These pro forma adjustments include (i) a decrease in revenue from Chef due to the beginning balance of deferred revenue being adjusted to reflect the fair value of the acquired balance, (ii) a net increase in amortization expense to record amortization expense for the $141.3 million of acquired identifiable intangible assets, (iii) an increase in interest expense to record interest for the period presented as a result of drawing down our revolving credit facility in connection with the acquisition, and (iv) the income tax effect of the adjustments made at the statutory tax rate of the U.S. (approximately 24.5%).
The pro forma financial information does not reflect any adjustments for anticipated expense savings resulting from the acquisition and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have actually occurred had the transaction been consummated on December 1, 2018. These results are prepared in accordance with ASC 606.

(In thousands, except per share data) | Pro Forma Three Months Ended May 31, 2020
Revenue | $ | 117,342 |
Net income | $ | 11,681 |
Net income per basic share | $ | 0.26 |
Net income per diluted share | $ | 0.26 |

(In thousands, except per share data) | Pro Forma Six Months Ended May 31, 2020
Revenue | $ | 241,032 |
Net income | $ | 24,614 |
Net income per basic share | $ | 0.55 |
Net income per diluted share | $ | 0.54 |

Note 7: Debt
As of May 31, 2021, future maturities of the Company's long-term debt were as follows:

(In thousands) | 2026 Notes |  | Credit Facility Maturing in 2024 |  | Total
Remainder of 2021 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,288 |  |  | $ | 11,288 |
2022 | — |  |  | 26,338 |  |  | 26,338 |
2023 | — |  |  | 33,863 |  |  | 33,863 |
2024 | — |  |  | 206,937 |  |  | 206,937 |
2025 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
2026 | 360,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 360,000 |
Total face value of long-term debt | 360,000 |  |  | 278,426 |  |  | 638,426 |
Unamortized discount and issuance costs | (71,977) |  |  | (1,664) |  |  | (73,641) |
Less current portion of long-term debt, net | — |  |  | (22,005) |  |  | (22,005) |
Long-term debt | $ | 288,023 |  |  | $ | 254,757 |  |  | $ | 542,780 |

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Notes Payable
Convertible Senior Notes and Capped Calls
In April 2021, the Company issued, in a private placement to certain initial purchasers in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act in transactions not involving any public offering, for resale by the initial purchasers to persons whom the initial purchasers believe are qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule144A under the Securities Act, Convertible Senior Notes (the "Notes") with an aggregate principal amount of $325 million, due April 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The proceeds from the Notes were used or are anticipated to be used for the Capped Call Transactions (described below), working capital, and other general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. There are no required principal payments prior to the maturity of the Notes. In addition, the Company also granted the initial purchasers of the Notes an option to purchase up to an additional $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes, for settlement within a 13-day period beginning on, and including, April 13, 2021, of which $35 million of additional Notes were purchased for total proceeds of $360 million. The Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 1%, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, beginning on October 15, 2021.
Proceeds from the Notes:

(In thousands) |
Principal | $ | 360,000 |
Less: issuance costs | (10,804) |
| $ | 349,196 |

Conversion Rights
Before January 15, 2026, Noteholders may convert their Notes in the following circumstances:
•During any fiscal quarter (and only during such fiscal quarter) commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on May 31, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least twenty trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the thirty consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter;
•During the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “Measurement Period”), if the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of Company’s common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; or
•Upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s common stock, or if the Company calls such Notes for redemption, then the Noteholder of any Note may convert such Note at any time before the close of business on the business day immediately before the related redemption date.
From and after January 15, 2026, Noteholders may convert their Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. The Company will satisfy its conversion obligations by paying cash up to the aggregate principal amount of Notes to be converted, by issuing shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election. The initial conversion rate is 17.4525 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes, representing an initial conversion price of approximately $57.30 per share of common stock. The conversion rate will be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events, including spin-offs, tender offers, exchange offers, make-whole fundamental change and certain stockholder distributions.
Repurchase Rights
On or after April 20, 2024, and on or before the 50th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the Company may redeem for cash all or part of the Notes, subject to the partial redemption limitation, at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides a redemption notice and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. Pursuant to the partial redemption limitation, the Company may not elect to redeem less than all of the outstanding Notes unless at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes are outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the time it sends the related redemption notice.
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If certain corporate events that constitute a “fundamental change” (as described below) occur at any time, holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require the Company to purchase their Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. A fundamental change relates to events such as business combination transactions involving the Company and certain de-listing events with respect to the Company’s common stock.
Capped Call Transactions
On April 8, 2021, in connection with the pricing of the Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (“Capped Call Transactions”) with one or more of the initial purchasers and/or their respective affiliates and/or other financial institutions. The Capped Call Transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Notes, approximately 6.3 million shares (representing the number of shares of common stock initially underlying the Notes) of the Company’s common stock. The Capped Call Transactions are generally expected to reduce potential dilution to our common stock upon any conversion of Notes and/or offset any potential cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the Capped Call Transactions will initially be $89.88 per share of common stock, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of the common stock of $44.94 per share on April 8, 2021, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. The cost of the purchased capped calls of $43.1 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in-capital.
We elected to integrate the capped call options with the applicable Notes for federal income tax purposes pursuant to applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations. Accordingly, the $43.1 million gross cost of the purchased capped calls will be deductible for income tax purposes as original discount interest over the term of the Notes. We recorded deferred tax assets of $10.6 million with respect to the capped calls which represents the tax benefit of these deductions with an offsetting entry to additional paid-in capital.
Accounting for the Notes
In accounting for the transaction, the Notes have been separated into liability and equity components.
•The conversion option of the Notes does not require bifurcation as an embedded derivative.
•The initial carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated conversion feature. The excess of the Notes’ principal amount over the initial carrying amount of the liability component, referred to as the debt discount, is amortized as interest expense over the Notes’ contractual term.
•The equity component, which represents the difference between the gross proceeds and the initial liability component, was recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.
The Company incurred issuance costs of $10.8 million related to the Notes, allocated between the Notes’ liability and equity components proportionate to the initial carrying amount of the liability and equity components.
•Issuance costs attributable to the liability component of $8.9 million are recorded as an offset to the Notes’ principal balance. They are amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term of the Notes.
•Issuance costs attributable to the equity component of $1.9 million are recorded as an offset to the equity component in additional paid-in capital and are not amortized.
Net carrying amount of the liability component:

(In thousands) | May 31, 2021
Principal | $ | 360,000 |
Conversion option allocated to equity | (64,800) |
Unamortized discount | (7,177) |
| $ | 288,023 |

Net carrying amount of the equity component, included in additional paid-in capital:
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(In thousands) | May 31, 2021
Conversion options(1) | $ | 62,855 |
Capped call | (43,056) |
| $ | 19,799 |
(1) Net of issuance costs

Interest expense related to the Notes:

| Three and Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Contractual interest expense (1% coupon) | $ | 470 |  |  | $ | — |
Amortization of debt discount(1) | 1,480 |  |  | — |
Amortization of issuance costs(1) | 202 |  |  | — |
| $ | 2,152 |  |  | $ | — |
(1) Amortized based upon an effective interest rate of 5.7%.

Credit Facility
Our credit facility provides for a $301.0 million secured term loan and a $100.0 million secured revolving line of credit. The revolving line of credit is available in U.S. Dollars and certain other currencies and may be increased by up to an additional $125.0 million if the existing or additional lenders are willing to make such increased commitments. The revolving line of credit has sublimits for swing line loans up to $25.0 million and for the issuance of standby letters of credit in a face amount up to $25.0 million. The term loan was used to partially fund our acquisition of Ipswitch in April 2019 and we partially funded our acquisition of Chef by drawing down $98.5 million under the revolving line of credit in October 2020 (Note 6).
The credit facility matures on April 30, 2024, when all amounts outstanding will be due and payable in full. The revolving line of credit does not require amortization of principal. The outstanding balance of the term loan as of May 31, 2021 was $278.4 million, with $22.6 million due in the next 12 months. The term loan requires repayment of principal at the end of each fiscal quarter, beginning with the fiscal quarter ended August 31, 2019. The principal repayment amounts are in accordance with the following schedule: (i) four payments of $1.9 million each, (ii) four payments of $3.8 million each, (iii) four payments of $5.6 million each, (iv) four payments of $7.5 million each, (v) three payments of $9.4 million each, and (vi) the last payment is of the remaining principal amount. Any amounts outstanding under the term loan thereafter would be due on the maturity date. The term loan may be prepaid before maturity in whole or in part at our option without penalty or premium. As of May 31, 2021, the carrying value of the term loan approximates the fair value, based on Level 2 inputs (observable market prices in less than active markets), as the interest rate is variable over the selected interest period and is similar to current rates at which we can borrow funds. The interest rate as of May 31, 2021 was 1.75%.
Costs incurred to obtain our long-term debt of $2.9 million are recorded as debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the debt liability on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of May 31, 2021. These costs are being amortized over the term of the debt agreement using the effective interest rate method. Amortization expense related to the debt issuance costs was $0.1 million for each of the three months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020. Amortization expense related to the debt issuance costs was $0.3 million and for each of the six months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020. These amounts are recorded in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid, and reborrowed until April 30, 2024, at which time all amounts outstanding must be repaid. We repaid in full the outstanding balance of the revolving line of credit during the fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2021. As of May 31, 2021, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving line of credit and $2.5 million of letters of credit outstanding.
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Note 8: Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASC 842 to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted ASC 842 on December 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method and as a result did not adjust comparative periods or modify disclosures in those comparative periods.
The new guidance provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company elected the package of practical expedients, which does not require the reassessment of prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. Further, the Company elected the practical expedients to combine lease and non-lease components. Contracts may be comprised of lease components, non-lease components, and elements that are not components. Each lease component represents a lessee’s right to use an underlying asset in the contract if the lessee can benefit from the right-of-use of the asset either on its own or together with other readily available resources and if the right-of-use is neither highly dependent or highly interrelated with other rights-of-use. Non-lease components include items such as common area maintenance and utilities provided by the lessor. We also elected the practical expedient to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are classified as short-term leases.
Consideration in the contract is comprised of any fixed payments and variable payments that depend on an index or rate. Payments in the Company's operating lease arrangements primarily consist of base office rent. In accordance with ASC 842, variable payments in an agreement that are not dependent on an index or rate are excluded from the calculation of ROU assets and lease liabilities. The Company makes variable payments on certain of its leases related to taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, and utilities, among other things.
The adoption of ASC 842 on December 1, 2019 resulted in the recognition of operating lease ROU assets of approximately $28.9 million and operating lease liabilities of approximately $29.9 million. The difference between the value of the ROU assets and lease liabilities is due to the reclassification of existing deferred rent, prepaid rent, and unamortized lease incentives as of December 1, 2019. Operating leases are included in ROU assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets. ROU assets and lease liabilities are to be presented separately for operating and finance leases; however, the Company currently has no material finance leases. The adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations, consolidated statement of stockholders' equity, consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) or consolidated statement of cash flows. The adoption of ASC 842 had no impact on liquidity or the Company’s debt-covenant compliance under its current debt agreements.
The Company has operating leases for administrative, product development, and sales and marketing facilities, vehicles, and equipment under various non-cancelable lease agreements. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 year to 10 years. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease where it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. The Company considers several economic factors when making the determination as to whether the Company will exercise options to extend or terminate the lease, including but not limited to, the significance of leasehold improvements incurred in the office space, the difficulty in replacing the asset, underlying contractual obligations, or specific characteristics unique to a particular lease. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The components of operating lease cost for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2021 |  |
Lease costs under long-term operating leases | $ | 2,009 |  |  | $ | 4,144 |  |  |
Lease costs under short-term operating leases | 4 |  |  | 19 |  |  |
Variable lease cost under short-term and long-term operating leases(1) | 35 |  |  | 150 |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment | 36 |  |  | 36 |  |  |
Total operating lease cost | $ | 2,084 |  |  | $ | 4,349 |  |  |

(1) Lease costs that are not fixed at lease commencement.
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The components of operating lease cost for the three and six months ended May 31, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2020 |  | May 31, 2020 |  |
Lease costs under long-term operating leases | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 3,757 |  |  |
Lease costs under short-term operating leases | 99 |  |  | 144 |  |  |
Variable lease cost under short-term and long-term operating leases(1) | 82 |  |  | 188 |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment | 266 |  |  | 1,189 |  |  |
Total operating lease cost | $ | 2,246 |  |  | $ | 5,278 |  |  |

(1) Lease costs that are not fixed at lease commencement.
The table below presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases during the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2021
Cash paid for leases | $ | 2,209 |  |  | $ | 4,467 |
Right-of-use assets recognized for new leases and amendments (non-cash) | $ | 1,309 |  |  | $ | 3,647 |

The table below presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases during the three and six months ended May 31, 2020 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| May 31, 2020 |  | May 31, 2020
Cash paid for leases | $ | 1,720 |  |  | $ | 4,076 |
Right-of-use assets recognized for new leases and amendments (non-cash) | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | 231 |

Weighted average remaining lease term in years and weighted average discount rate are as follows:

| May 31, 2021 |  | November 30, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term in years | 4.77 |  | 5.02
Weighted average discount rate | 2.7 | % |  | 2.3 | %

Future payments under non-cancellable leases are as follows (in thousands):

| May 31, 2021 |  |
Remainder of 2021 | $ | 4,077 |  |  |
2022 | 8,131 |  |  |
2023 | 8,002 |  |  |
2024 | 7,787 |  |  |
2025 | 5,047 |  |  |
Thereafter | 2,938 |  |  |
Total lease payments | 35,982 |  |  |
Less imputed interest(1) | (2,080) |  |  |
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 33,902 |  |  |

(1) Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments using a discount rate determined at lease commencement unless the discount rate is updated as a result of a lease reassessment event.
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Note 9: Common Stock Repurchases
In January 2020, our Board of Directors increased the total share repurchase authorization from $75 million to $250 million. In the three months ended May 31, 2021, we repurchased and retired 0.4 million shares for $20.0 million. In the three months ended May 31, 2020, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. In the six months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020, we repurchased and retired 0.8 million shares for $35.0 million and 0.4 million shares for $20.0 million, respectively. The shares were repurchased in both periods as part of our Board of Directors authorized share repurchase program. As of May 31, 2021, there was $155.0 million remaining under the current authorization.
Note 10: Stock-Based Compensation
We issue restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and stock options under our equity plans. We also issue common stock under our employee stock purchase plan that permits employees to purchase shares through accumulated payroll deductions. Stock-based compensation expense reflects the fair value of stock-based awards, less the present value of expected dividends when applicable, measured at the grant date and recognized over the relevant service period. We estimate the fair value of each stock-based award on the measurement date using the current market price of the stock, the Black-Scholes option valuation model, or the Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model.
In 2019, 2020 and 2021, we granted performance-based restricted stock units that include two performance metrics under our Long-Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP") where the performance measurement period is three years. Vesting of the LTIP awards on the 2019 and 2020 plan is based on the following: (i) 50% is based on our level of attainment of specified total stockholder return ("TSR") targets relative to the percentage appreciation of a specified index of companies for the respective three-year periods, and (ii) 50% is based on achievement of a three-year cumulative performance condition (operating income). For the 2021 plan, the vesting terms were changed to the following: (i) 25% is based on our level of attainment of specified TSR targets relative to the percentage appreciation of a specified index of companies for the respective three-year periods, and (ii) 75% is based on achievement of a three-year cumulative operating income. In order to estimate the fair value of such awards, we used a Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model for the market condition portion of the award, and used the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant for the portion related to the performance condition.
The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo Simulation valuation models incorporate assumptions as to stock price volatility, the expected life of options or awards, a risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. We recognize stock-based compensation expense related to options and restricted stock units on a straight-line basis over the service period of the award, which is generally 4 years for options and 3 years for restricted stock units. We recognize stock-based compensation expense related to our employee stock purchase plan using an accelerated attribution method.
The following table provides the classification of stock-based compensation as reflected on our condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Cost of maintenance and services | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 860 |  |  | $ | 657 |
Sales and marketing | 1,752 |  |  | 1,110 |  |  | 3,255 |  |  | 2,160 |
Product development | 2,412 |  |  | 1,899 |  |  | 4,331 |  |  | 3,825 |
General and administrative | 3,730 |  |  | 2,276 |  |  | 6,700 |  |  | 5,032 |
Total stock-based compensation | $ | 8,362 |  |  | $ | 5,623 |  |  | $ | 15,146 |  |  | $ | 11,674 |

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Note 11: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated balances of other comprehensive loss during the six months ended May 31, 2021 (in thousands):

| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Unrealized Gains on Investments |  | Unrealized Losses on Hedging Activity |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 1, 2020 | $ | (27,616) |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (5,176) |  |  | $ | (32,778) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications, net of tax | 3,101 |  |  | (39) |  |  | 1,072 |  |  | 4,134 |
Balance, May 31, 2021 | $ | (24,515) |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  | $ | (4,104) |  |  | $ | (28,644) |

The tax effect on accumulated unrealized losses on hedging activity and unrealized gains on investments was $1.3 million and $1.6 million as of May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively.
Note 12: Revenue Recognition
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Our revenues are derived from licensing our products, and from related services, which consist of maintenance, hosting services, and consulting and education. Information relating to revenue from external customers by revenue type is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Performance obligations transferred at a point in time: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software licenses | $ | 30,107 |  |  | $ | 19,663 |  |  | $ | 63,424 |  |  | $ | 50,292 |
Performance obligations transferred over time: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maintenance | 80,069 |  |  | 71,686 |  |  | 157,046 |  |  | 141,742 |
Services | 12,312 |  |  | 9,034 |  |  | 23,298 |  |  | 18,032 |
Total revenue | $ | 122,488 |  |  | $ | 100,383 |  |  | $ | 243,768 |  |  | $ | 210,066 |

Geographic Revenue
In the following table, revenue attributed to North America includes sales to customers in the U.S. and sales to certain multinational organizations. Revenue from EMEA, Latin America and the Asia Pacific region includes sales to customers in each region plus sales from the U.S. to distributors in these regions. Information relating to revenue from external customers from different geographical areas is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
North America | $ | 71,094 |  |  | $ | 56,564 |  |  | $ | 142,599 |  |  | $ | 121,977 |
EMEA | 41,321 |  |  | 34,157 |  |  | 81,561 |  |  | 69,145 |
Latin America | 3,753 |  |  | 3,346 |  |  | 7,246 |  |  | 7,346 |
Asia Pacific | 6,320 |  |  | 6,316 |  |  | 12,362 |  |  | 11,598 |
Total revenue | $ | 122,488 |  |  | $ | 100,383 |  |  | $ | 243,768 |  |  | $ | 210,066 |

No single customer, partner, or country outside of the U.S. has accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue for the three or six months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020.
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Contract Balances
Unbilled Receivables and Contract Assets
The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of customer invoicing. When revenue is recognized prior to invoicing and the right to the amount due from customers is conditioned only on the passage of time, we record an unbilled receivable on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our multi-year term license arrangements, which are typically billed annually, result in revenue recognition in advance of invoicing and the recognition of unbilled receivables.
As of May 31, 2021, invoicing of our long-term unbilled receivables is expected to occur as follows (in thousands):

2022 | $ | 4,995 |
2023 | 3,916 |
2024 | 162 |
Total | $ | 9,073 |

Contract assets, which arise when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing and the right to the amount due from customers is conditioned on something other than the passage of time, such as the completion of a related performance obligation, were $6.4 million as of May 31, 2021 and $11.3 million as of November 30, 2020. These amounts are included in unbilled receivables or long-term unbilled receivables on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue is recorded when revenue is recognized subsequent to customer invoicing. Our deferred revenue balance is primarily made up of deferred maintenance.
As of May 31, 2021, the changes in deferred revenue were as follows (in thousands):

Balance, December 1, 2020 | $ | 193,295 |
Billings and other | 253,103 |
Revenue recognized | (243,768) |
Balance, May 31, 2021 | $ | 202,630 |

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. As of May 31, 2021, transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $214.8 million. We expect to recognize approximately 84% of the revenue within the next year and the remainder thereafter.
Deferred Contract Costs
Deferred contract costs, which include certain sales incentive programs, are incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognized as an asset if the expected benefit of those costs is longer than one year. We have applied the practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include a large majority of our sales incentive programs as we have determined that annual compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities.
Certain of our sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized. Depending upon the sales incentive program and the related revenue arrangement, such capitalized costs are amortized over the longer of (i) the product life, which is generally three to five years; or (ii) the term of the related revenue contract. We determined that a three to five year product life represents the period of benefit that we receive from these incremental costs based on both qualitative and quantitative factors, which include customer contracts, industry norms, and product upgrades. Total deferred contract costs were $4.2 million and $2.5 million as of May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, and are included in other current assets and other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of deferred contract costs is included in sales and marketing expense on our condensed consolidated statement of operations and was minimal in all periods presented.
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Note 13: Restructuring Charges
The following table provides a summary of activity for our restructuring actions, which are detailed further below (in thousands):

| Excess Facilities and Other Costs |  | Employee Severance and Related Benefits |  | Total
Balance, December 1, 2020 | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 3,552 |  |  | $ | 3,973 |
Costs incurred | 299 |  |  | 794 |  |  | 1,093 |
Cash disbursements | (696) |  |  | (3,968) |  |  | (4,664) |
Translation adjustments and other | 1 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 9 |
Balance, May 31, 2021 | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 386 |  |  | $ | 411 |

During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we restructured our operations in connection with the acquisition of Chef (Note 6). This restructuring resulted in a reduction in redundant positions, primarily within administrative functions of Chef.
For the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, we incurred expenses of $0.9 million related to this restructuring. The expenses are recorded as restructuring expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
A summary of activity for this restructuring action is as follows (in thousands):

| Excess Facilities and Other Costs |  | Employee Severance and Related Benefits |  | Total
Balance, December 1, 2020 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,523 |  |  | $ | 3,523 |
Costs incurred | 102 |  |  | 795 |  |  | 897 |
Cash disbursements | (85) |  |  | (3,940) |  |  | (4,025) |
Translation adjustments and other | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Balance, May 31, 2021 | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 386 |  |  | $ | 403 |

Cash disbursements for expenses incurred to date under this restructuring are expected to be made through fiscal year 2021. Accordingly, the balance of the restructuring reserve of $0.4 million is included in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at May 31, 2021.
We expect to incur additional expenses as part of this action related to employee costs and facility closures as we consolidate offices in various locations during fiscal year 2021, but we do not expect these costs to be material.
Note 14: Income Taxes
Our income tax provision for the second quarter of fiscal years 2021 and 2020 reflects our estimate of the effective tax rates expected to be applicable for the full fiscal years, adjusted for any discrete events, which are recorded in the period in which they occur. The estimates are reevaluated each quarter based on our estimated tax expense for the full fiscal year.
Our effective tax rate was 21% in the second fiscal quarter of 2021, compared to 25% in the second fiscal quarter of 2020. The decrease is due primarily to the estimated impact of the international tax provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for fiscal year 2021 as compared to fiscal year 2020. There were no significant discrete tax items in either the second fiscal quarter of 2021 or the second fiscal quarter of 2020.
Our federal income tax returns have been examined or are closed by statute for all years prior to fiscal year 2017. Our state income tax returns have been examined or are closed by statute for all years prior to fiscal year 2016.
Tax authorities for certain non-U.S. jurisdictions are also examining returns. With some exceptions, we are generally not subject to tax examinations in non-U.S. jurisdictions for years prior to fiscal year 2014.
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Note 15: Earnings per share
We compute basic earnings per share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. We compute diluted earnings per share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the effect of outstanding dilutive stock options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units, using the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share on an interim basis (in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Net income | $ | 13,557 |  |  | $ | 16,968 |  |  | $ | 32,518 |  |  | $ | 38,084 |
Weighted average shares outstanding | 43,818 |  |  | 44,889 |  |  | 43,963 |  |  | 44,893 |
Dilutive impact from common stock equivalents | 654 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 498 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 44,472 |  |  | 45,267 |  |  | 44,562 |  |  | 45,391 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 0.85 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |

We excluded stock awards representing approximately 1,396,000 and 1,237,000 shares of common stock from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, respectively, because these awards were anti-dilutive. In the three and six months ended May 31, 2020, we excluded stock awards representing 1,538,000 shares and 1,099,000 shares of common stock, respectively, from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as they were anti-dilutive.
In connection with the issuance of the Notes, we entered into Capped Calls (Note 7), which were not included for the purpose of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding, as their effect would have been antidilutive.
Note 16: Segment Information
Operating segments are components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer.
Beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, we operate as one operating segment: software products to develop, deploy, and manage high-impact business applications. Our CODM evaluates financial information on a consolidated basis. As we operate as one operating segment, the required financial segment information can be found in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Critical Accounting Policies
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. We make estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual results may differ from these estimates. The most significant estimates relate to: the timing and amounts of revenue recognition, including the determination of the nature and timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations, the standalone selling price of performance obligations, and the transaction price allocated to performance obligations; the realization of tax assets and estimates of tax liabilities; fair values of investments in marketable securities; intangible assets and goodwill valuations; the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities; the collectability of accounts receivable; and assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation. This listing is not a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. For further information regarding the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of our 2020 10-K.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 contains certain safe harbor provisions regarding forward-looking statements. This Form 10-Q, and other information provided by us or statements made by our directors, officers or employees from time to time, may contain “forward-looking” statements and information, which involve risks and uncertainties. Actual
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future results may differ materially. Statements indicating that we “believe,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “might,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “anticipate” and “continue,” are forward-looking, as are other statements concerning future financial results, product offerings or other events that have not yet occurred. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results or future events to differ materially from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation: (1) Economic, geopolitical and market conditions can adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability, which in turn could adversely affect our stock price. (2) We may fail to achieve our financial forecasts due to such factors as delays or size reductions in transactions, fewer large transactions in a particular quarter, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, or a decline in our renewal rates for contracts. (3) Our ability to successfully manage transitions to new business models and markets, including an increased emphasis on a cloud and subscription strategy, may not be successful. (4) If we are unable to develop new or sufficiently differentiated products and services, or to enhance and improve our existing products and services in a timely manner to meet market demand, partners and customers may not purchase new software licenses or subscriptions or purchase or renew support contracts. (5) We depend upon our extensive partner channel and we may not be successful in retaining or expanding our relationships with channel partners. (6) Our international sales and operations subject us to additional risks that can adversely affect our operating results, including risks relating to foreign currency gains and losses. (7) If the security measures for our software, services, other offerings or our internal information technology infrastructure are compromised or subject to a successful cyber-attack, or if our software offerings contain significant coding or configuration errors, we may experience reputational harm, legal claims and financial exposure. (8) We have made acquisitions, and may make acquisitions in the future, and those acquisitions may not be successful, may involve unanticipated costs or other integration issues or may disrupt our existing operations. (9) Delay or failure to realize the expected synergies and benefits of the Chef acquisition could negatively impact our future results of operations and financial condition; (10) The continuing impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak on our employees, customers, partners, and the global financial markets could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. For further information regarding risks and uncertainties associated with Progress' business, please refer to Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) in our 2020 10-K. Although we have sought to identify the most significant risks to our business, we cannot predict whether, or to what extent, any of such risks may be realized. We also cannot assure you that we have identified all possible issues which we might face. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements that we make.
Use of Constant Currency
Revenue from our international operations has historically represented a substantial portion of our total revenue. As a result, our revenue results have been impacted, and we expect will continue to be impacted, by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. For example, if the local currencies of our foreign subsidiaries strengthen, our consolidated results stated in U.S. dollars are positively impacted.
As exchange rates are an important factor in understanding period to period comparisons, we believe the presentation of revenue growth rates on a constant currency basis enhances the understanding of our revenue results and evaluation of our performance in comparison to prior periods. The constant currency information presented is calculated by translating current period results using prior period weighted average foreign currency exchange rates. These results should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, results reported in accordance with GAAP.
Impact of COVID-19
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic. COVID-19 has impacted the health and well-being of people on a global basis, restricted travel worldwide and caused significant economic disruption and uncertainty. Our fiscal 2020 results of operations, as well as the financial results of our customers and partners, were negatively impacted by COVID-19.
During the second fiscal quarter of 2021, we saw greater demand for our products and solutions across almost all of our product lines. Although the rate and pace of recovery from COVID-19 has differed and continues to differ by geography and industry, we expect demand for our products and solutions to continue to be strong during the remainder of fiscal 2021. In addition, we are gradually returning to our offices on a limited basis, where permissible, and beginning to travel as needed, while prioritizing the well-being of our employees.
We are unable to accurately predict the full impact that COVID-19 will have due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration of the outbreak, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities, the impact to the business of our customers and partners and other factors identified in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact to our business, consolidated results of operations, and financial condition.
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Overview
Progress Software Corporation ("Progress," the "Company," "we," "us," or "our") provides the best products to develop, deploy and manage high-impact business applications. Our comprehensive product stack is designed to make technology teams more productive and we have a deep commitment to the developer community, both open source and commercial alike. With Progress, organizations can accelerate the creation and delivery of strategic business applications, automate the process by which apps are configured, deployed and scaled, and make critical data and content more accessible and secure—leading to competitive differentiation and business success. Over 1,700 independent software vendors, 100,000 enterprise customers, and three million developers rely on Progress to power their applications. Beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, we operate as one operating segment: software products to develop, deploy, and manage high-impact business applications. Progress previously reported results based on three segments.
The key tenets of our strategic plan and operating model are as follows:
Trusted Partner of the Best Products to Develop, Deploy and Manage High Impact Business Applications. A key element of our strategy is centered on providing the platform and tools enterprises needed to build modern, strategic business applications. We offer these products and tools to both new customers and partners as well as our existing partner and customer ecosystems. This strategy builds on our inherent DNA and our vast experience in application development that we've acquired over the past 40 years.
Focus on Customer and Partner Retention to Drive Recurring Revenue and Profitability. Our organizational philosophy and operating principles focus primarily on customer and partner retention and success and a streamlined operating approach in order to more efficiently drive predictable and stable recurring revenue.
Total Growth Strategy Driven by Accretive M&A. We are pursuing a total growth strategy driven by accretive acquisitions of businesses within the infrastructure software space, with products that appeal to both IT organizations and individual developers. These acquisitions must meet strict financial and other criteria, which should enable us to drive significant stockholder returns by providing scale and increased cash flows. In April 2019, we acquired Ipswitch, Inc. and as described below, in October 2020, we acquired Chef Software. Both acquisitions met these strict financial criteria.
Chef is a global leader in providing complete infrastructure automation to build, deploy, manage and secure applications in modern multi-cloud and hybrid environments, as well as on-premises. The purchase price for Chef was $220 million and we funded the purchase price with a combination of existing cash balances and drawings under our revolving credit facility. Chef is the developer of Chef Enterprise Automation Stack, automating infrastructure, compliance and application delivery for many of the Fortune 500.
We will continue to evaluate possible acquisitions designed to expand our business and drive significant stockholder returns.
Holistic Capital Allocation Approach. We have adopted a shareholder friendly capital allocation policy that utilizes dividends and share repurchases to return capital to shareholders. Pursuant to our capital allocation strategy that we initially announced in September 2017, we have targeted to return approximately 25% of our annual cash flows from operations to stockholders in the form of dividends. We also intend to repurchase our shares sufficient to offset dilution from our equity plans.
In January 2020, our Board of Directors increased the total share repurchase authorization from $75.0 million to $250.0 million. We repurchased and retired 0.8 million shares of our common stock for $35.0 million in the six months ended May 31, 2021. The shares were repurchased as part of our Board of Directors authorized share repurchase program. As of May 31, 2021, there was $155.0 million remaining under the current authorization.
We began paying quarterly cash dividends of $0.125 per share of common stock to Progress stockholders in December 2016 and increased the quarterly cash dividend in fiscal years 2017, 2018 and 2019. On September 23, 2020, our Board of Directors approved an additional 6% increase to our quarterly cash dividend from $0.165 to $0.175 per share of common stock.
On June 22, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per share of common stock that will be paid on September 15, 2021 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 1, 2021.We expect to continue paying quarterly cash dividends in subsequent quarters consistent with our capital allocation strategy.
Our existing cash balances, together with funds generated from operations and amounts available under our credit facility, are expected to be sufficient to finance our operations and meet our foreseeable cash requirements, including quarterly cash
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dividends and stock repurchases to Progress stockholders, as applicable, through the foreseeable future. Our cash position could be reduced, and we may incur additional debt obligations, to the extent we complete additional acquisitions.
We also believe that our financial resources have allowed, and will continue to allow us to manage the impact of COVID-19 on our business operations for the foreseeable future. The challenges posed by COVID-19 on our business continues to evolve. Consequently, we will continue to evaluate our financial position in light of future developments, particularly those relating to COVID-19.
We derive a significant portion of our revenue from international operations, which are primarily conducted in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in the value of these foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar have significantly impacted our results of operations and may impact our future results of operations. Since approximately one-third of our revenue is denominated in foreign currency, and given the volatility in the global economy created by COVID-19, our revenue results in fiscal year 2021 have been impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
During the second quarter, Progress began operating as one distinct segment to align with the way management analyzes our overall business. We previously reported results based on three segments.
Select Performance Metrics:
Management evaluates our financial performance using a number of financial and operating metrics. These metrics are periodically reviewed and revised to reflect changes in our business.
Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR)
We are providing an ARR performance metric to help investors better understand and assess the performance of our business because our mix of revenue generated from recurring sources has increased in recent years. ARR represents the annualized contract value for all active and contractually binding term-based contracts at the end of a period. ARR includes maintenance, software upgrade rights, public cloud and on-premises subscription-based transactions and managed services. ARR mitigates fluctuations due to seasonality, contract term and the sales mix of subscriptions for term-based licenses and SaaS. ARR does not have any standardized meaning and is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. ARR should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue and is not intended to be combined with or to replace either of those items. ARR is not a forecast and the active contracts at the end of a reporting period used in calculating ARR may or may not be extended or renewed by our customers.
We define ARR as the annual recurring revenue of term-based contracts from all customers at a point in time. We calculate ARR by taking monthly recurring revenue, or MRR, and multiplying it by 12. MRR for each month is calculated by aggregating, for all customers during that month, monthly revenue from committed contractual amounts, additional usage and monthly subscriptions.
Our ARR was $437 million and $355 million as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which is an increase of 22.9% year-over-year. The growth in our ARR is primarily driven by the acquisition of Chef.
Net Dollar Retention Rate
We calculate net dollar retention rate as of a period end by starting with the ARR from the cohort of all customers as of 12 months prior to such period end (“Prior Period ARR”). We then calculate the ARR from these same customers as of the current period end (“Current Period ARR”). Current Period ARR includes any expansion and is net of contraction or attrition over the last 12 months but excludes ARR from new customers in the current period. We then divide the total Current Period ARR by the total Prior Period ARR to arrive at the net dollar retention rate.
Our net dollar retention rates have generally ranged between 97% and 100% for all periods presented. Our high net dollar retention rates illustrate our predictable and durable top line performance.
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Results of Operations
Revenue

| Three Months Ended |  | % Change
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
Revenue | $ | 122,488 |  |  | $ | 100,383 |  |  | 22 | % |  | 19 | %

| Six Months Ended |  | % Change
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
Revenue | $ | 243,768 |  |  | $ | 210,066 |  |  | 16 | % |  | 14 | %

Total revenue increased in both the second fiscal quarter and six month period ended May 31, 2021 as compared to the same periods last year primarily due to our acquisition of Chef in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, as well as increases in our OpenEdge and Ipswitch product offerings. These increases were partially offset by lower license revenue in our DataDirect product offerings. Chef revenue was $12.4 million and $24.3 million for the second fiscal quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2021, respectively.
Software License Revenue

| Three Months Ended |  | % Change
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
Software Licenses | $ | 30,107 |  |  | $ | 19,663 |  |  | 53 | % |  | 49 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 25 | % |  | 20 | % |  |  |  |

| Six Months Ended |  | % Change
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
Software Licenses | $ | 63,424 |  |  | $ | 50,292 |  |  | 26 | % |  | 23 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 26 | % |  | 24 | % |  |  |  |

Software license revenue increased in both the second fiscal quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2021 as compared to the same periods last year primarily due to our acquisition of Chef and increases in license sales in our OpenEdge and Ipswitch product offerings. In the first six months of fiscal year 2021 these increases were partially offset by a decrease in license sales in our DataDirect product offerings.
Maintenance and Services Revenue

| Three Months Ended |  | % Change
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
Maintenance | $ | 80,069 |  |  | $ | 71,686 |  |  | 12 | % |  | 9 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 65 | % |  | 71 | % |  |  |  |
Services | 12,312 |  |  | 9,034 |  |  | 36 | % |  | 34 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 10 | % |  | 9 | % |  |  |  |
Total maintenance and services revenue | $ | 92,381 |  |  | $ | 80,720 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 12 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 75 | % |  | 80 | % |  |  |  |

31

| Six Months Ended |  | % Change
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
Maintenance | $ | 157,046 |  |  | $ | 141,742 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 9 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 64 | % |  | 67 | % |  |  |  |
Services | 23,298 |  |  | 18,032 |  |  | 29 | % |  | 27 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 10 | % |  | 9 | % |  |  |  |
Total maintenance and services revenue | $ | 180,344 |  |  | $ | 159,774 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 11 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 74 | % |  | 76 | % |  |  |  |

Maintenance and services revenue both increased in the second fiscal quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2021 as compared to the same periods last year primarily due to our acquisition of Chef and increased maintenance revenue from our OpenEdge product line.
Revenue by Region

| Three Months Ended |  | % Change
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
North America | $ | 71,094 |  |  | $ | 56,564 |  |  | 26 | % |  | 26 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 58 | % |  | 57 | % |  |  |  |
Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") | $ | 41,321 |  |  | $ | 34,157 |  |  | 21 | % |  | 13 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 34 | % |  | 34 | % |  |  |  |
Latin America | $ | 3,753 |  |  | $ | 3,346 |  |  | 12 | % |  | 15 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 3 | % |  | 3 | % |  |  |  |
Asia Pacific | $ | 6,320 |  |  | $ | 6,316 |  |  | — | % |  | (5) | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 5 | % |  | 6 | % |  |  |  |

| Six Months Ended |  | % Change
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
North America | $ | 142,599 |  |  | $ | 121,977 |  |  | 17 | % |  | 17 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 58 | % |  | 58 | % |  |  |  |
Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") | $ | 81,561 |  |  | $ | 69,145 |  |  | 18 | % |  | 11 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 34 | % |  | 33 | % |  |  |  |
Latin America | $ | 7,246 |  |  | $ | 7,346 |  |  | (1) | % |  | 7 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 3 | % |  | 4 | % |  |  |  |
Asia Pacific | $ | 12,362 |  |  | $ | 11,598 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 2 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 5 | % |  | 5 | % |  |  |  |

Total revenue generated in North America increased $14.5 million and $20.6 million in the second fiscal quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2021, respectively. The increases were primarily due to our acquisition of Chef, increased OpenEdge license revenue, and increased Ipswitch maintenance revenue. In the first six months of fiscal year 2021 these increases were partially offset by a decrease in license sales in our DataDirect product offerings. The increase in revenue generated in both EMEA and Asia Pacific was due to our acquisition of Chef, as well as increased OpenEdge and Sitefinity revenue in EMEA. Revenue in Latin America increased in the second fiscal quarter due to higher license and maintenance revenue in our OpenEdge product line. In the first six months of fiscal year 2021 revenue in Latin America decreased due to lower maintenance revenue in our OpenEdge product line.
In the first six months of fiscal years 2021 and 2020, revenue generated in markets outside North America represented 42% of total revenue compared to 40% of total revenue on a constant currency basis.
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Cost of Software Licenses

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change
Cost of software licenses | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 810 |  |  | $ | 228 |  |  | 28 | % |  | $ | 2,189 |  |  | $ | 2,199 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | — | %
As a percentage of software license revenue | 3 | % |  | 4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | % |  | 4 | % |  |  |  |
As a percentage of total revenue | 1 | % |  | 1 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | % |  | 1 | % |  |  |  |

Cost of software licenses consists primarily of costs of royalties, electronic software distribution, duplication, and packaging. The increase in the second fiscal quarter of fiscal year 2021 was the result of higher payments of royalties to third parties as compared to the prior period. Year over year costs remained the same. Cost of software licenses as a percentage of software license revenue varies from period to period depending upon the relative product mix.
Cost of Maintenance and Services

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change
Cost of maintenance and services | $ | 14,673 |  |  | $ | 11,785 |  |  | $ | 2,888 |  |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 27,992 |  |  | $ | 23,636 |  |  | $ | 4,356 |  |  | 18 | %
As a percentage of maintenance and services revenue | 16 | % |  | 15 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 16 | % |  | 15 | % |  |  |  |
As a percentage of total revenue | 12 | % |  | 12 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11 | % |  | 11 | % |  |  |  |
Components of cost of maintenance and services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personnel related costs | $ | 10,038 |  |  | $ | 8,329 |  |  | $ | 1,709 |  |  | 21 | % |  | $ | 19,577 |  |  | $ | 16,846 |  |  | $ | 2,731 |  |  | 16 | %
Contractors and outside services | 3,457 |  |  | 2,759 |  |  | 698 |  |  | 25 | % |  | 6,035 |  |  | 5,389 |  |  | 646 |  |  | 12 | %
Hosting and other | 1,178 |  |  | 697 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 69 | % |  | 2,380 |  |  | 1,401 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 70 | %
Total cost of maintenance and services | $ | 14,673 |  |  | $ | 11,785 |  |  | $ | 2,888 |  |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 27,992 |  |  | $ | 23,636 |  |  | $ | 4,356 |  |  | 18 | %

Cost of maintenance and services consists primarily of costs of providing customer support, consulting, and education. The increases in all periods were primarily due to increased headcount and hosting costs resulting from our acquisition of Chef.
Amortization of Intangibles

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Amortization of intangibles | $ | 3,599 |  |  | $ | 1,664 |  |  | 116 | % |  | $ | 7,120 |  |  | $ | 3,310 |  |  | 115 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 3 | % |  | 2 | % |  |  |  | 3 | % |  | 2 | % |  |

Amortization of intangibles included in costs of revenue primarily represents the amortization of the value assigned to technology-related intangible assets obtained in business combinations. The increases in both periods shown were primarily due to the acquisition of Chef.
Gross Profit

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Gross profit | $ | 103,178 |  |  | $ | 86,124 |  |  | 20 | % |  | $ | 206,467 |  |  | $ | 180,921 |  |  | 14 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 84 | % |  | 86 | % |  |  |  | 85 | % |  | 86 | % |  |

33

Our gross profit increased primarily due to the increase in revenue, offset by the increase of costs of maintenance and services and the amortization of intangibles, each as described above.
Sales and Marketing

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change
Sales and marketing | $ | 29,262 |  |  | $ | 21,716 |  |  | $ | 7,546 |  |  | 35 | % |  | $ | 58,731 |  |  | $ | 45,914 |  |  | $ | 12,817 |  |  | 28 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 24 | % |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 24 | % |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |
Components of sales and marketing: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personnel related costs | $ | 25,248 |  |  | $ | 18,604 |  |  | $ | 6,644 |  |  | 36 | % |  | $ | 51,140 |  |  | $ | 39,229 |  |  | $ | 11,911 |  |  | 30 | %
Contractors and outside services | 968 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 196 | % |  | 1,356 |  |  | 869 |  |  | $ | 487 |  |  | 56 | %
Marketing programs and other | 3,046 |  |  | 2,785 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 6,235 |  |  | 5,816 |  |  | $ | 419 |  |  | 7 | %
Total sales and marketing | $ | 29,262 |  |  | $ | 21,716 |  |  | $ | 7,546 |  |  | 35 | % |  | $ | 58,731 |  |  | $ | 45,914 |  |  | $ | 12,817 |  |  | 28 | %

Sales and marketing expenses increased in both periods shown primarily due to increased personnel related costs associated with our acquisition of Chef.
Product Development

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change
Product development costs | $ | 26,415 |  |  | $ | 21,787 |  |  | $ | 4,628 |  |  | 21 | % |  | $ | 50,963 |  |  | $ | 43,441 |  |  | $ | 7,522 |  |  | 17 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 22 | % |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 21 | % |  | 21 | % |  |  |  |
Components of product development costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personnel related costs | $ | 25,225 |  |  | $ | 21,227 |  |  | $ | 3,998 |  |  | 19 | % |  | $ | 48,829 |  |  | $ | 42,112 |  |  | $ | 6,717 |  |  | 16 | %
Contractors and outside services | 986 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 120 | % |  | 1,711 |  |  | 1,123 |  |  | $ | 588 |  |  | 52 | %
Other product development costs | 204 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 82 | % |  | 423 |  |  | 206 |  |  | $ | 217 |  |  | 105 | %
Total product development costs | $ | 26,415 |  |  | $ | 21,787 |  |  | $ | 4,628 |  |  | 21 | % |  | $ | 50,963 |  |  | $ | 43,441 |  |  | $ | 7,522 |  |  | 17 | %

Product development expenses increased in both periods shown primarily due to increased personnel related costs associated with our acquisition of Chef.
General and Administrative

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | Change
General and administrative | $ | 16,460 |  |  | $ | 12,440 |  |  | $ | 4,020 |  |  | 32 | % |  | $ | 29,884 |  |  | $ | 25,188 |  |  | $ | 4,696 |  |  | 19 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 13 | % |  | 12 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 12 | % |  | 12 | % |  |  |  |
Components of general and administrative: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personnel related costs | $ | 13,428 |  |  | $ | 10,061 |  |  | $ | 3,367 |  |  | 33 | % |  | $ | 25,315 |  |  | $ | 20,352 |  |  | $ | 4,963 |  |  | 24 | %
Contractors and outside services | 2,055 |  |  | 2,043 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 3,515 |  |  | 3,683 |  |  | (168) |  |  | (5) | %
Other general and administrative costs | 977 |  |  | 336 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 191 | % |  | 1,054 |  |  | 1,153 |  |  | (99) |  |  | (9) | %
Total cost of general and administrative | $ | 16,460 |  |  | $ | 12,440 |  |  | $ | 4,020 |  |  | 32 | % |  | $ | 29,884 |  |  | $ | 25,188 |  |  | $ | 4,696 |  |  | 19 | %

General and administrative expenses include the costs of our finance, human resources, legal, information systems and administrative departments. General and administrative expenses increased in both periods shown primarily due to higher personnel costs associated with our acquisition of Chef.
34

Amortization of Intangibles

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Amortization of intangibles | $ | 7,979 |  |  | $ | 4,177 |  |  | 91 | % |  | $ | 14,858 |  |  | $ | 8,308 |  |  | 79 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 7 | % |  | 4 | % |  |  |  | 6 | % |  | 4 | % |  |

Amortization of intangibles included in operating expenses primarily represents the amortization of value assigned to intangible assets obtained in business combinations other than assets identified as purchased technology. Amortization of intangibles increased in both periods shown due to the addition of Chef intangible assets, as discussed above.
Restructuring Expenses

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Restructuring expenses | $ | (64) |  |  | $ | 695 |  |  | (109) | % |  | $ | 1,093 |  |  | $ | 1,735 |  |  | (37) | %
As a percentage of total revenue | — | % |  | 1 | % |  |  |  | — | % |  | 1 | % |  |

Restructuring expenses recorded in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2021 primarily relate to the restructuring activities that occurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 resulting from the acquisition of Chef. Restructuring expenses recorded in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2020 are comprised mostly of costs related to the Ipswitch and Cognitive restructuring actions of 2019. See the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Acquisition-Related Expenses

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Acquisition-related expenses | $ | 844 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | * |  | $ | 1,240 |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | 295 | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 1 | % |  | — | % |  |  |  | 1 | % |  | — | % |  |
*Not meaningful |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and include those costs incurred as a result of a business combination. These costs consist of professional service fees, including third-party legal and valuation-related fees. Acquisition-related expenses increased in the second quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2021 due to the acquisition of Chef, as well as our pursuit of other acquisition opportunities. Acquisition-related expenses in the same period of fiscal year 2020 were related to the acquisition of Ipswitch.
Income from Operations

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Income from operations | $ | 22,282 |  |  | $ | 25,309 |  |  | (12) | % |  | $ | 49,698 |  |  | $ | 56,021 |  |  | (11) | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 18 | % |  | 25 | % |  |  |  | 20 | % |  | 27 | % |  |

Income from operations decreased in both periods shown due to an increase in costs of revenue and operating expenses, offset by increases in revenue as shown above.
35

Other (Expense) Income, Net

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Interest expense | $ | (4,601) |  |  | $ | (2,598) |  |  | (77) | % |  | $ | (7,115) |  |  | $ | (5,390) |  |  | (32) | %
Interest income and other, net | 4 |  |  | 122 |  |  | (97) | % |  | 123 |  |  | 333 |  |  | (63) | %
Foreign currency loss, net | (621) |  |  | (371) |  |  | (67) | % |  | (878) |  |  | (1,187) |  |  | 26 | %
Total other expense, net | $ | (5,218) |  |  | $ | (2,847) |  |  | (83) | % |  | $ | (7,870) |  |  | $ | (6,244) |  |  | (26) | %
As a percentage of total revenue | (4) | % |  | (3) | % |  |  |  | (3) | % |  | (3) | % |  |

Other expense, net, increased in both the second fiscal quarter and the six month period ended May 31, 2021 as compared to the same periods in the prior year. This is a result of increased interest expense associated with our convertible senior notes, which we issued in April 2021. In the six month period ended May 31, 2021, the increase in interest expense is offset by lower foreign currency loss due to lower costs of forward points on our outstanding forward contracts.
Provision for Income Taxes

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Provision for income taxes | $ | 3,507 |  |  | $ | 5,494 |  |  | (36) | % |  | $ | 9,310 |  |  | $ | 11,693 |  |  | (20) | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 3 | % |  | 5 | % |  |  |  | 4 | % |  | 6 | % |  |

Our effective tax rate was 21% in the second fiscal quarter of 2021 compared to 25% in the second fiscal quarter of 2020. The decrease is due primarily to the estimated fiscal year 2021 impact of the international tax provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as compared to fiscal year 2020. There were no significant discrete tax items in either the second fiscal quarter of 2021 or the second fiscal quarter of 2020.
Net Income

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change |  | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020 |  | % Change
Net income | $ | 13,557 |  |  | $ | 16,968 |  |  | (20) | % |  | $ | 32,518 |  |  | $ | 38,084 |  |  | (15) | %
As a percentage of total revenue | 11 | % |  | 17 | % |  |  |  | 13 | % |  | 18 | % |  |

36

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | November 30, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 357,360 |  |  | $ | 97,990 |
Short-term investments | 5,300 |  |  | 8,005 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | $ | 362,660 |  |  | $ | 105,995 |

The increase in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $256.7 million from the end of fiscal year 2020 was due to cash inflow from the issuance of the convertible senior notes of $349.2 million, cash inflows from operations of $99.4 million, $3.9 million in cash received from the issuance of common stock, the effect of exchange rates on cash of $3.9 million, and a decrease in escrow receivable of $2.1 million. These cash inflows were offset by payments of debt obligations of $106.0 million, cash paid for the purchase of capped calls of $43.1 million in connection with the convertible note offering, repurchases of common stock of $35.0 million, dividend payments of $15.6 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $2.1 million. Except as described below, there are no limitations on our ability to access our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.
As of May 31, 2021, $37.1 million of our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments was held by our foreign subsidiaries. Foreign cash includes unremitted foreign earnings, which are invested indefinitely outside of the U.S. As such, it is not available to fund our domestic operations. If we were to repatriate these earnings, we may be subject to income tax withholding in certain tax jurisdictions and a portion of the repatriated earnings may be subject to U.S. income tax. However, we do not anticipate that this would have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.
Share Repurchase Program
In January 2020, our Board of Directors increased the total share repurchase authorization from $75 million to $250 million. In the three months ended May 31, 2021, we repurchased and retired 0.4 million shares for $20.0 million. In the three months ended May 31, 2020, we did not repurchase and retire any shares of our common stock. In the six months ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020, we repurchased and retired 0.8 million shares for $35.0 million and 0.4 million shares for $20.0 million, respectively. The shares were repurchased in both periods as part of our Board of Directors authorized share repurchase program. As of May 31, 2021, there was $155.0 million remaining under the current authorization.
Dividends
We began paying quarterly cash dividends to Progress stockholders in December 2016, with annual increases in the quarterly cash dividend since such time. On January 12, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per share of common stock that was paid on March 15, 2021, and on March 23, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per share of common stock that was paid on June 15, 2021. On June 22, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.175 per share of common stock that will be paid on September 15, 2021 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on September 1, 2021.
Restructuring Activities
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we restructured our operations in connection with the acquisition of Chef (Note 6). This restructuring resulted in a reduction in redundant positions, primarily within administrative functions of Chef. For the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, we incurred expenses of $0.9 million relating to this restructuring. Cash disbursements for expenses incurred to date under this restructuring are expected to be made through fiscal year 2021. Accordingly, the balance of the restructuring reserve of $0.4 million is included in other accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at May 31, 2021. We expect to incur additional expenses as part of this action related to employee costs and facility closures as we consolidate offices in various locations during fiscal year 2021, but we do not expect these costs to be material.
Credit Facility
Our credit facility provides for a $301.0 million secured term loan and a $100.0 million secured revolving line of credit. The revolving line of credit may be increased by up to an additional $125.0 million if the existing or additional lenders are willing to make such increased commitments. The revolving line of credit has sublimits for swing line loans up to $25.0 million and for
37

the issuance of standby letters of credit in a face amount up to $25.0 million. The credit facility matures on April 30, 2024, when all amounts outstanding will be due and payable in full.
The outstanding balance of the term loan as of May 31, 2021 was $278.4 million, with $22.6 million due in the next 12 months. The term loan may be prepaid before maturity in whole or in part at our option without penalty or premium. The interest rate as of May 31, 2021 was 1.75%. As of May 31, 2021, there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving line of credit and $2.5 million of letters of credit outstanding (Note 7).
Convertible Senior Notes
In April 2021, we issued, in a private placement, Convertible Senior Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $325 million, due April 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. There are no required principal payments prior to the maturity of the Notes. In addition, the Company also granted the initial purchasers of the Notes an option to purchase up to an additional $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes, for settlement within a 13-day period beginning on, and including, April 13, 2021, of which $35 million of additional Notes were purchased for total proceeds of $360 million. The Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 1%, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, beginning on October 15, 2021 (Note 7).
Cash Flows From Operating Activities

| Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Net income | $ | 32,518 |  |  | $ | 38,084 |
Non-cash reconciling items included in net income | 44,960 |  |  | 34,571 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | 21,900 |  |  | (1,682) |
Net cash flows from operating activities | $ | 99,378 |  |  | $ | 70,973 |

The year over year increase in cash generated from operations was primarily due to particularly strong collections of our receivables, partially offset by increased expenses. Our gross accounts receivable as of May 31, 2021 decreased by $20.6 million from the end of fiscal year 2020 and our days sales outstanding (DSO) in accounts receivable improved to 44 days from 47 days in the fiscal second quarter of 2020 due to the timing of billings and collections.
Cash Flows From (Used in) Investing Activities

| Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Net investment activity | $ | 2,650 |  |  | $ | 9,042 |
Purchases of property and equipment | (2,116) |  |  | (1,757) |
Decrease in escrow receivable | 2,130 |  |  | — |
Net cash flows from investing activities | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | 7,285 |

Net cash outflows and inflows of our net investment activity are generally a result of the timing of our purchases and maturities of securities, which are classified as cash equivalents or short-term securities. We also purchased $2.1 million of property and equipment in the first six months of fiscal year 2021, as compared to $1.8 million in the first six months of fiscal year 2020.
38

Cash Flows From (Used in) Financing Activities

| Six Months Ended
(In thousands) | May 31, 2021 |  | May 31, 2020
Proceeds from stock-based compensation plans | $ | 6,300 |  |  | $ | 7,308 |
Repurchases of common stock | (35,000) |  |  | (20,000) |
Payment of principal on long-term debt | (106,025) |  |  | (3,762) |
Proceeds from issuance of senior convertible notes, net of issuance costs of $9,900 | 350,100 |  |  | — |
Purchase of capped calls | (43,056) |  |  | — |
Dividend payments to shareholders | (15,617) |  |  | (14,906) |
Payment of debt issuance costs | (904) |  |  | — |
Other financing activities | (2,373) |  |  | (3,895) |
Net cash flows from (used in) financing activities | $ | 153,425 |  |  | $ | (35,255) |

During the first six months of fiscal year 2021, we received $349.2 million in net proceeds from the issuance of convertible senior notes and paid $43.1 million to purchase capped calls in connection with the convertible note offering. We also received $6.3 million from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of shares under our employee stock purchase plan as compared to $7.3 million in the first six months of fiscal year 2020. Further, we repurchased $35.0 million of our common stock under our share repurchase plan compared to $20.0 million in the same period of the prior year. We also made payments on our long-term debt of $106.0 million (including a $98.5 million repayment on the revolving line of credit) in the first six months of fiscal year 2021 compared to $3.8 million in the same period of the prior year. Finally, we made dividend payments of $15.6 million to our shareholders during the first six months of fiscal year 2021, as compared to $14.9 million in the first six months of fiscal year 2020.
Indemnification Obligations
We include standard intellectual property indemnification provisions in our licensing agreements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to our product license agreements, we will indemnify, hold harmless, and agree to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally business partners or customers, in connection with certain patent, copyright or other intellectual property infringement claims by third parties with respect to our products. Other agreements with our customers provide indemnification for claims relating to property damage or personal injury resulting from the performance of services by us or our subcontractors. Historically, our costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims relating to such indemnity agreements have been insignificant. Accordingly, the estimated fair value of these indemnification provisions is immaterial.
Liquidity Outlook
We believe that existing cash balances, together with funds generated from operations and amounts available under our credit facility, will be sufficient to finance our operations and meet our cash requirements for the foreseeable future. We do not contemplate a need for any foreign repatriation of the earnings which are deemed invested indefinitely outside of the U.S. Our foreseeable cash needs include our planned capital expenditures, debt repayments, quarterly cash dividends, share repurchases, acquisitions, lease commitments, restructuring obligations and other long-term obligations.
We also believe that our financial resources will allow us to manage the on-going impact of COVID-19 on our business operations for the foreseeable future, which has included, and could include further, reductions in revenue and delays in payments from customers and partners.
Legal and Other Regulatory Matters
See discussion regarding legal and other regulatory matters in Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no “off-balance sheet arrangements” within the meaning of Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.
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Contractual Obligations
There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations disclosed in tabular format in our 2020 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 1 - Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for further discussion.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
During the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, there were no significant changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk. Please refer to Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk included in our 2020 10-K, for a more complete discussion of the market risks we encounter.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Our management maintains disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the requisite time periods and that such information was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated our “internal control over financial reporting” as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) to determine whether any changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2021 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves certain risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. The risk factors set forth below that are marked with an asterisk (*) are new or contain changes to the similarly titled risk factors included in our 2020 10-K. The risks discussed below could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results in the future.
Risks Related to Our Ability to Grow Our Business
*The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic, which has spread throughout the United States and the world and has resulted in authorities implementing and re-implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. These measures remain in place to varying degrees as the rate and pace of recovery from COVID-19 has differed and continues to differ by geography and industry.
Given the economic uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic, we could see delays in our sales cycle, failures of customers to renew at all or to renew at the anticipated scope their subscriptions with us, requests from customers for payment term deferrals as well as pricing or bundling concessions, which, if significant, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, our third-party service providers may experience financial difficulties or business disruptions that could negatively affect their operations and their ability to supply us with services needed for our products and operations. Although these events did not have a material adverse impact on our financial results for the first six months ended May 31, 2021 or the fiscal year ended November 30, 2020, there can be no assurance that these events will not have a material adverse impact on our financial results for the full fiscal year or future periods.
The full extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets, the timing of economic recovery, the spread of the virus to other regions, and the actions taken to contain it, among others. Any of these impacts could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition and ability to execute and capitalize on our strategies. Due to the ongoing uncertainty regarding the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, we cannot predict whether our response to date or the actions we may take in the future will be effective in mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Accordingly, we are unable at this time to predict the future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, liquidity, and financial results, and, depending on the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, such impact may be material.
Technology and customer requirements evolve rapidly in our industry, and if we do not continue to develop new products and enhance our existing products in response to these changes, our business could be harmed. Ongoing enhancements to our product sets will be required to enable us to maintain our competitive position and the competitive position of our ISVs, distributors/resellers, and OEMs. We may not be successful in developing and marketing enhancements to our products on a timely basis, and any enhancements we develop may not adequately address the changing needs of the marketplace.
Overlaying the risks associated with our existing products and enhancements are ongoing technological developments and rapid changes in customer and partner requirements. Our future success will depend upon our ability to develop and introduce new products in a timely manner that take advantage of technological advances and respond to new customer and partner requirements. We may not be successful in developing new products incorporating new technology on a timely basis, and any new products we develop may not adequately address the changing needs of the marketplace or may not be accepted by the market. Failure to develop new products and product enhancements that meet market needs in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
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We are substantially dependent on our Progress OpenEdge products. We derive a significant portion of our revenue from software license and maintenance revenue attributable to our Progress OpenEdge product set. Accordingly, our future results depend on continued market acceptance of OpenEdge. If consumer demand declines, or new technologies emerge that are superior to, or are more responsive to customer requirements than, OpenEdge such that we are unable to maintain OpenEdge’s competitive position within its marketplace, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.
The segments of the software industry in which we participate are intensely competitive, and our inability to compete effectively could harm our business. We experience significant competition from a variety of sources with respect to the marketing and distribution of our products. Many of our competitors have greater financial, marketing or technical resources than we do and may be able to adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements or to devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products than we can. Increased competition could make it more difficult for us to maintain our market presence or lead to downward pricing pressure.
In addition, the marketplace for new products is intensely competitive and characterized by low barriers to entry. For example, an increase in market acceptance of open source software may cause downward pricing pressures. One of the characteristics of open source software is that the governing license terms generally allow liberal modifications of the code and distribution thereof to a wide group of companies and/or individuals. As a result, others could easily develop new software products or services based upon those open source programs that compete with existing open source software that we support and incorporate into our Chef products. As a result, new competitors possessing technological, marketing or other competitive advantages may emerge and develop their own open source software or hybrid proprietary and open source software offerings, potentially reducing the demand for, and putting price pressure on, our products enabling them to rapidly acquire market share. In addition, current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties, thereby increasing their ability to deliver products that better address the needs of our prospective customers. Current and potential competitors may also be more successful than we are in having their products or technologies widely accepted. We may be unable to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We intend to make additional acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies that involve additional risks, which could disrupt our business or harm our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. A key element of our strategy includes the acquisition of businesses that offer complementary products, services and technologies, augment our revenues and cash flows, and meet our strict financial and other criteria, such as our recent acquisitions of Ipswitch and Chef. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition opportunities, or to consummate any such transactions. Any acquisitions that we do complete and their integration involve a number of risks, the occurrence of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows, including:
•unexpected delays, challenges and related expenses, and the disruption of our business;
•difficulties of assimilating the operations and personnel of acquired companies;
•our potential inability to realize the value of the acquired assets relative to the price paid;
•distraction of management from our ongoing businesses;
•potential product disruptions associated with the sale of the acquired business's products;
•the potential that an acquisition may not further our business strategy as we expected, may not result in revenue and cash flow growth to the degree we expected or at all, or may not achieve expected synergies;
•the possibility of incurring significant restructuring charges and amortization expense;
•risks related to the assumption of the acquired business's liabilities or any ongoing lawsuits;
•potential impairment to assets that we recorded as a part of an acquisition, including intangible assets and goodwill; and
•to the extent that we issue stock to pay for an acquisition, dilution to existing stockholders and decreased earnings per share.
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Difficulties associated with any acquisitions we may pursue, and their integration may be complicated by factors such as:
•the size of the business or entity acquired;
•geographic and cultural differences;
•lack of experience operating in the industry or geographic markets of the acquired business;
•potential loss of key employees and customers;
•the potential for deficiencies in internal controls at the acquired or combined business;
•performance problems with the acquired business’s technology;
•exposure to unanticipated liabilities of the acquired business;
•insufficient revenue to offset increased expenses associated with the acquisition; and
•adverse tax consequences.
If we fail to complete an announced acquisition, our stock price could fall to the extent the price reflects an assumption that such acquisition will be completed, and we may incur significant unrecoverable costs. Further, the failure to consummate an acquisition may result in negative publicity and adversely impact our relationships with our customers, vendors and employees. We may become subject to legal proceedings relating to the acquisition and the integration of acquired businesses may not be successful. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquired businesses, achieve anticipated levels of profitability of the acquired business, improve margins of the acquired businesses and products, or realize other anticipated benefits of an acquisition could materially harm our business, operating results and margins.
If our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings. We acquire other companies and intangible assets and may not realize all the economic benefit from those acquisitions, which could cause an impairment of goodwill or intangibles. We review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually. Factors that may cause a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets may not be recoverable, include a decline in our stock price and market capitalization, reduced future cash flow estimates, and slower growth rates in industry segments in which we participate. We may be required to record a significant charge in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets is determined, negatively affecting our results of operations.
We face various risks in connection with our acquisition of Chef. On October 5, 2020, we completed our acquisition of Chef. We face various risks in connection with this acquisition, including the effects of disruption from the transaction making it more difficult to maintain relationships with employees, customers, other business partners or governmental entities, other business effects, including the effects of industry, economic or political conditions outside of our control, transaction costs, actual or contingent liabilities, diversion of management, uncertainties as to whether anticipated synergies will be realized and uncertainties as to whether Chef’s business will be successfully integrated with our business. Any one or more of these factors could have a material adverse effect on the combined business, our results of operations and our financial condition.
Risk Related to the Operation of Our Business
We recognize a substantial portion of our revenue from sales made through third parties, including our ISVs, distributors/resellers, and OEMs, and adverse developments in the businesses of these third parties or in our relationships with them could harm our revenues and results of operations. Our future results depend in large part upon our continued successful distribution of our products through our ISV, distributor/reseller, and OEM channels. The activities of these third parties are not within our direct control. Our failure to manage our relationships with these third parties effectively could impair the success of our sales, marketing and support activities. A reduction in the sales efforts, technical capabilities or financial viability of these parties, a misalignment of interest between us and them, or a termination of our relationship with a major ISV, distributor/reseller, or OEM could have a negative effect on our sales and financial results. Any adverse effect on any of our ISV's, distributors'/resellers', or OEMs’ businesses related to competition, pricing and other factors could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
A failure of our information technology systems could have a material adverse effect on our business. We rely on our technology infrastructure, and the technology infrastructure of third parties, for many functions, including selling our products, supporting our ISVs and other third-party channels, fulfilling orders and billing, and collecting and making payments. This technology infrastructure may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, power loss, telecommunication failures, terrorist attacks, computer intrusions, vulnerabilities and viruses, software errors, computer denial-of-service attacks and other events. A significant number of the systems making up this infrastructure are not redundant, and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for every eventuality. This technology infrastructure may fail or be vulnerable to damage or interruption because of actions by third parties or employee error or malfeasance. We may not carry business interruption insurance sufficient to protect us from all losses that may result from interruptions in our services as a result of technology
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infrastructure failures or to cover all contingencies. Any interruption in the availability of our websites and on-line interactions with customers or partners may cause a reduction in customer or partner satisfaction levels, which in turn could cause additional claims, reduced revenue or loss of customers or partners. Despite any precautions we may take, these problems could result in, among other consequences, a loss of data, loss of confidence in the stability and reliability of our offerings, damage to our reputation, and legal liability, all of which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Our international operations expose us to additional risks, and changes in global economic and political conditions could adversely affect our international operations, our revenue and our net income. Approximately 41% of our total revenue is generated from sales outside North America. Political and/or financial instability, oil price shocks and armed conflict in various regions of the world can lead to economic uncertainty and may adversely impact our business. For example, political instability, such as the Referendum of the United Kingdom’s (the "U.K.") Membership of the European Union ("E.U.") (referred to as "Brexit"), led to significant, continuing volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rate fluctuations. If customers’ buying patterns, decision-making processes, timing of expected deliveries and timing of new projects unfavorably change due to economic or political conditions, there would be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Other potential risks inherent in our international business include:
•longer payment cycles;
•credit risk and higher levels of payment fraud;
•greater difficulties in accounts receivable collection;
•varying regulatory and legal requirements;
•compliance with international and local trade, labor and export control laws;
•restrictions on the transfer of funds;
•difficulties in developing, staffing, and simultaneously managing a large number of varying foreign operations as a result of distance, legal impediments and language and cultural differences;
•reduced or minimal protection of intellectual property rights in some countries;
•laws and business practices that favor local competitors or prohibit foreign ownership of certain businesses;
•changes in U.S. or foreign trade policies or practices that increase costs or restrict the distribution of products;
•seasonal reductions in business activity during the summer months in Europe and certain other parts of the world;
•economic instability in emerging markets; and
•potentially adverse tax consequences.
Any one or more of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our international operations, and, consequently, on our business, financial condition and operating results.
In addition, our business has been, and could in the future be, adversely affected by regional or global health crises, including an outbreak of contagious disease such as COVID-19. A significant outbreak of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments, or the fear of such events that results in a widespread health crisis could adversely affect global supply chains and the economies and financial markets of many countries. Any prolonged economic disruption could affect demand for our products and services and adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. The full impact of the coronavirus outbreak is unknown at this time. We continue to monitor developments and the potential effect on our business.
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Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position. For example, during periods in which the value of the U.S. dollar strengthens in comparison to certain foreign currencies, particularly in Europe, Brazil and Australia, our reported international revenue is reduced because foreign currencies translate into fewer U.S. dollars. As approximately one-third of our revenue is denominated in foreign currencies, our revenue results have been impacted, and we expect will continue to be impacted, by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
We seek to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates by entering into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge certain actual and forecasted transactions of selected currencies (mainly in Europe, Brazil, India and Australia). Our currency hedging transactions may not be effective in reducing any adverse impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Further, the imposition of exchange or price controls or other restrictions on the conversion of foreign currencies could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our customers and partners may delay payment or fail to pay us in accordance with the terms of their agreements, necessitating action by us to compel payment. If customers and partners delay the payment or fail to pay us under the terms of our agreements, we may be adversely affected both from the inability to collect amounts due and the cost of enforcing the terms of our contracts, including litigation. Furthermore, some of our customers and partners may seek bankruptcy protection or other similar relief and fail to pay amounts due to us, or pay those amounts more slowly, either of which could adversely affect our operating results, financial position and cash flow. The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has also increased the likelihood of these risks.
We rely on the experience and expertise of our skilled employees, and must continue to attract and retain qualified technical, marketing and managerial personnel in order to succeed. Our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical, managerial, sales and marketing personnel. There is significant competition for such personnel in the software industry. We may not continue to be successful in attracting and retaining the personnel we require to develop new and enhanced products and to continue to grow and operate profitably.
Our periodic workforce restructurings can be disruptive. We have in the past restructured or made other adjustments to our workforce in response to management changes, product changes, performance issues, changes in strategy, acquisitions and other internal and external considerations. In the past, these restructurings have resulted in increased restructuring costs and have temporarily reduced productivity. These effects could recur in connection with any future restructurings or we may not achieve or sustain the expected growth or cost savings benefits of any such restructurings, or do so within the expected timeframe. As a result, our revenues and other results of operations could be negatively affected.
If our products contain software defects or security flaws, it could harm our revenues and expose us to litigation. Our products, despite extensive testing and quality control, may contain defects or security flaws, especially when we first introduce them or when new versions are released. We may need to issue corrective releases of our software products to fix any defects or errors. The detection and correction of any security flaws can be time consuming and costly. Errors in our software products could affect the ability of our products to work with other hardware or software products, delay the development or release of new products or new versions of products, adversely affect market acceptance of our products and expose us to potential litigation. If we experience errors or delays in releasing new products or new versions of products, such errors or delays could have a material adverse effect on our revenue.
If our security measures are breached, our products and services may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop using our products and services, and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure. Our products and services involve the storage and transmission of our customers’ proprietary information and may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, distributed denial of service attacks and other disruptive problems Due to the actions of outside parties, employee error, malfeasance, or otherwise, an unauthorized party may obtain access to our data or our customers’ data, which could result in its theft, destruction or misappropriation. Security risks in recent years have increased significantly given the increased sophistication and activities of hackers, organized crime, including state-sponsored organizations and nation-states, and other outside parties. Cyber threats are continuously evolving, increasing the difficulty of defending against them. While we have implemented security procedures and controls to address these threats, our security measures could be compromised or could fail. Any security breach or unauthorized access could result in significant legal and financial exposure, increased costs to defend litigation, indemnity and other contractual obligations, government fines and penalties, damage to our reputation and our brand, and a loss of confidence in the security of our products and services that could potentially have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Breaches of our network could disrupt our internal systems and business applications, including services provided to our customers. Additionally, data breaches could compromise technical and proprietary information, harming our competitive position. We may need to spend significant capital
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or allocate significant resources to ensure effective ongoing protection against the threat of security breaches or to address security related concerns. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose customers. In addition, our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover all costs related to cybersecurity incidents and the disruptions resulting from such events.
Catastrophic events may disrupt our business. We rely on our network infrastructure and enterprise applications, internal technology systems and website for our development, marketing, operations, support and sales activities. In addition, we rely on third-party hosted services, and we do not control the operation of third-party data center facilities, which increases our vulnerability. A disruption, infiltration or failure of these systems or third-party hosted services in the event of a major earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami or other weather event, power loss, telecommunications failure, software or hardware malfunctions, pandemics (including the COVID-19 pandemic), cyber-attack, war, terrorist attack or other catastrophic event that our disaster recovery plans do not adequately address, could cause system interruptions, reputational harm, loss of intellectual property, delays in our product development, lengthy interruptions in our services, breaches of data security and loss of critical data. A catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our data centers or our critical business or information technology systems could severely affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and, as a result, our future operating results could be adversely affected, and the adverse effects of any such catastrophic event would be exacerbated if experienced at the same time as another unexpected and adverse event, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Risk Related to Laws and Regulations
We are subject to risks associated with compliance with laws and regulations globally, which may harm our business. We are a global company subject to varied and complex laws, regulations and customs, both domestically and internationally. These laws and regulations relate to a number of aspects of our business, including trade protection, import and export control, data and transaction processing security, payment card industry data security standards, records management, user-generated content hosted on websites we operate, privacy practices, data residency, corporate governance, anti-trust and competition, employee and third-party complaints, anti-corruption, gift policies, conflicts of interest, securities regulations and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment. The application of these laws and regulations to our business is often unclear and may at times conflict. For example, in many foreign countries, particularly in those with developing economies, it is common to engage in business practices that are prohibited by U.S. regulations applicable to us, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. We cannot provide assurance that our employees, contractors, agents and business partners will not take actions in violation of our internal policies or U.S. laws. Compliance with these laws and regulations may involve significant costs or require changes in our business practices that result in reduced revenue and profitability. Non-compliance could also result in fines, damages, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business, and damage to our reputation. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, federal, state, local and foreign governmental authorities have imposed, and may continue to impose, protocols and restrictions intended to contain the spread of the virus, including limitations on the size of gatherings, closures of work facilities, schools, public buildings and businesses, quarantines, lockdowns and travel restrictions. Such restrictions have disrupted and may continue to disrupt our business operations and limit our ability to perform critical functions.
Our business practices with respect to the collection, use and management of personal information could give rise to operational interruption, liabilities or reputational harm as a result of governmental regulation, legal requirements or industry standards relating to consumer privacy and data protection. As regulatory focus on privacy issues continues to increase and worldwide laws and regulations concerning the handling of personal information expand and become more complex, potential risks related to data collection and use within our business will intensify. For example, on July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union ("CJEU") invalidated the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield framework – a system for complying with EU data protection requirements when transferring personal data from the European Economic Area ("EEA") to the U.S. – with immediate effect. Other data transfer mechanisms remain intact although still subject to considerable scrutiny by certain member states and their Data Protection Authorities. While legislators are said to be considering a replacement for the Privacy Shield, no action seems imminent. As a result, we may experience reluctance or refusal by current or prospective European customers to use our products, and we may find it necessary or desirable to make further changes to our handling of
personal data of EEA residents. The regulatory environment applicable to the handling of EEA residents' personal data, and our actions taken in response, may cause us to assume additional liabilities or incur additional costs, and could result in our business, operating results and financial condition being harmed. Additionally, we and our customers may face a risk of enforcement actions by data protection authorities in the EEA relating to personal data transfers to us and by us from the EEA. Any such enforcement actions could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, distract management and
technical personnel and negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
In addition, U.S. and foreign governments have enacted or are considering enacting legislation or regulations, or may in the near future interpret existing legislation or regulations, in a manner that could significantly impact our ability and the ability of our customers and data partners to collect, augment, analyze, use, transfer and share personal and other information that is
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integral to certain services we provide. For example, in the U.S., the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA") became effective in January 2020, and the U.S. Congress is considering several privacy bills at the federal level, and other state legislatures are considering privacy laws. Internationally, Brazil has recently enacted its national data privacy law (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais, or LGPD), which is similar to GDPR.
Regulators globally are also imposing greater monetary fines for privacy violations. For example, in 2016, the E.U. adopted a law governing data practices and privacy called the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which became effective in May 2018. The law establishes new requirements regarding the handling of personal data. Non-compliance with the GDPR may result in monetary penalties of up to 4% of worldwide revenue. The GDPR and other changes in laws or regulations associated with the enhanced protection of certain types of sensitive data, such as healthcare data or other personal information, could greatly increase our cost of providing our products and services or even prevent us from offering certain services in jurisdictions that we operate.
Additionally, public perception and standards related to the privacy of personal information can shift rapidly, in ways that may affect our reputation or influence regulators to enact regulations and laws that may limit our ability to provide certain products. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with U.S. federal, state, or foreign laws and regulations, including laws and regulations regulating privacy, data security, or consumer protection, or other policies, public perception, standards, self-regulatory requirements or legal obligations, could result in lost or restricted business, proceedings, actions or fines brought against us or levied by governmental entities or others, or could adversely affect our business and harm our reputation.
We could incur substantial cost in protecting our proprietary software technology or if we fail to protect our technology, which would harm our business. We rely principally on a combination of contract provisions and copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws to protect our proprietary technology. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, whether or not we ultimately prevail on the merits. The steps we take to protect our proprietary rights may be inadequate to prevent misappropriation of our technology; moreover, others could independently develop similar technology.
The value of our Chef software assets may be limited by open source development and licensing practices. Our Chef offerings incorporate software components licensed to the general public under open source licenses. We obtain many components from software developed and released by contributors to independent open source components of our offerings. Open source licenses grant licensees broad permissions to use, copy, modify and redistribute our platform. As a result, open source development and licensing practices can limit the value of our software copyright assets.
We could be subject to claims that we infringe intellectual property rights of others, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Third parties could assert infringement claims in the future with respect to our products and technology, and such claims might be successful. Litigation relating to any such claims could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, whether or not we ultimately prevail on the merits. Any such litigation could also result in our being prohibited from selling one or more of our products, unanticipated royalty payments, reluctance by potential customers to purchase our products, or liability to our customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Changes in accounting principles and guidance, or their interpretation or implementation, may materially adversely affect our reported results of operations or financial position. We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) These principles are subject to interpretation by the SEC and various bodies formed to create and interpret appropriate accounting principles and guidance. A change in these principles or guidance, or in their interpretations, may have a significant effect on our reported results, as well as our processes and related controls.
We may have exposure to additional tax liabilities. As a multinational corporation, we are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our global provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many intercompany transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Our income tax returns are routinely subject to audits by tax authorities. Although we regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine our tax estimates, a final determination of tax audits that is inconsistent with such assessments or tax disputes could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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We are also subject to non-income taxes, such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, net worth, property and goods and services taxes in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. We are regularly under audit by tax authorities with respect to these non-income taxes and may have exposure to additional non-income tax liabilities, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
In addition, our future effective tax rates could be favorably or unfavorably affected by changes in tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, or changes in tax laws or their interpretation. Such changes could have a material adverse impact on our financial results.
Contracting with government entities exposes us to additional risks inherent in the government procurement process. We provide products and services, directly and indirectly, to a variety of government entities, both domestically and internationally. Risks associated with licensing and selling products and services to government entities include more extended sales and collection cycles, varying governmental budgeting processes and adherence to complex procurement regulations and other government-specific contractual requirements. We may be subject to audits and investigations relating to our government contracts and any violations could result in various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, payment of fines, and suspension or debarment from future government business, as well as harm to our reputation and financial results.
Risks Related to Financial Performance or General Economic Conditions
Weakness in the U.S. and international economies may result in fewer sales of our products and may otherwise harm our business. We are subject to risks arising from adverse changes in global economic conditions, especially those in the U.S., Europe and Latin America. If global economic conditions weaken, credit markets tighten and/or financial markets become unstable, customers may delay, reduce or forego technology purchases, both directly and through our ISVs, resellers/distributors and OEMs. This could result in reductions in sales of our products, longer sales cycles, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. Further, deteriorating economic conditions could adversely affect our customers and their ability to pay amounts owed to us. Any of these events would likely harm our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Revenue forecasting is uncertain, and the failure to meet our forecasts could result in a decline in our stock price. Our revenues, particularly new software license revenues, are difficult to forecast. We use a pipeline system to forecast revenues and trends in our business. Our pipeline estimates may prove to be unreliable either in a particular quarter or over a longer period of time, in part because the conversion rate of the pipeline into contracts can be difficult to estimate and requires management judgment. A variation in the conversion rate could cause us to plan or budget incorrectly and result in a material adverse impact on our business or our planned results of operations. Furthermore, most of our expenses are relatively fixed, including costs of personnel and facilities. Thus, an unexpected reduction in our revenue, or failure to achieve the anticipated rate of growth, would have a material adverse effect on our profitability. If our operating results do not meet our publicly stated guidance or the expectations of investors, our stock price may decline.
Our revenue and quarterly results may fluctuate, which could adversely affect our stock price. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results that may be caused by many factors. These factors include:
•changes in demand for our products;
•introduction, enhancement or announcement of products by us or our competitors;
•market acceptance of our new products;
•the growth rates of certain market segments in which we compete;
•size and timing of significant orders;
•a high percentage of our revenue is generated in the third month of each fiscal quarter and any failure to receive, complete or process orders at the end of any quarter could cause us to fall short of our revenue targets;
•budgeting cycles of customers;
•mix of distribution channels;
•mix of products and services sold;
•mix of international and North American revenues;
•fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
•changes in the level of operating expenses;
•changes in management;
•restructuring programs;
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•changes in our sales force;
•completion or announcement of acquisitions by us or our competitors;
•integration of acquired businesses;
•customer order deferrals in anticipation of new products announced by us or our competitors;
•general economic conditions in regions in which we conduct business; and
•other factors such as political or social unrest, terrorist attacks, other hostilities, natural disasters, and potential public health crises, such as COVID-19.
Our common stock price may continue to be volatile, which could result in losses for investors. The market price of our common stock, like that of other technology companies, is volatile and is subject to wide fluctuations in response to quarterly variations in operating results, announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors, changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or other events or factors. Our stock price may also be affected by broader market trends unrelated to our performance. As a result, purchasers of our common stock may be unable at any given time to sell their shares at or above the price they paid for them.
*Risks Related to our Indebtedness and Convertible Senior Notes
*Our indebtedness and liabilities could limit the cash flow available for our operations, expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. As of May 31, 2021, we had approximately $543 million of consolidated indebtedness. We may also incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our security holders and our business, results of operations and financial condition by, among other things:
a.increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;
b.limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;
c.requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, which will reduce the amount of cash available for other purposes;
d.limiting our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business;
e.diluting the interests of our existing stockholders as a result of issuing shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Notes; and
f.placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage with competitors that are less leveraged than us or have better access to capital.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our current or future indebtedness, including the Notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient funds, and we may otherwise be unable to maintain sufficient cash reserves, to pay amounts due under our current or future indebtedness, including the Notes, and our cash needs may increase in the future. In addition, our credit facility contains, and any future indebtedness that we may incur may contain, financial and other restrictive covenants that limit our ability to operate our business, raise capital or make payments under our other indebtedness. If we fail to comply with these covenants or to make payments under our indebtedness when due, then we would be in default under that indebtedness, which could, in turn, result in that and our other indebtedness becoming immediately payable in full.
*We are required to comply with certain financial and operating covenants under our credit facility and to make scheduled debt payments as they become due; any failure to comply with those covenants or to make scheduled payments could cause amounts borrowed under the facility to become immediately due and payable or prevent us from borrowing under the facility. In April 2019, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement, which consists of a $301.0 million term loan and a $100.0 million revolving loan (which may be increased by an additional $125.0 million if the existing or additional lenders are willing to make such increased commitments). This facility matures in April 2024, at which time any amounts outstanding will be due and payable in full. We may wish to borrow additional amounts under the facility in the future to support our operations, including for strategic acquisitions and share repurchases.
We are required to comply with specified financial and operating covenants and to make scheduled repayments of our term loan, which may limit our ability to operate our business as we otherwise might operate it. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants or to meet any payment obligations under the facility could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, would result in any amounts outstanding, including any accrued interest and unpaid fees, becoming immediately due and payable. We might not have sufficient working capital or liquidity to satisfy any repayment obligations in the event of an acceleration of those obligations. In addition, if we are not in compliance with the financial and operating covenants at the time we wish to borrow funds, we will be unable to borrow funds.
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*The accounting method for the Notes could adversely affect our reported financial condition and results. The accounting method for reflecting the Notes on our balance sheet, accruing interest expense for the Notes and reflecting the underlying shares of our common stock in our reported diluted earnings per share may adversely affect our reported earnings and financial condition.
Under applicable accounting principles, the initial liability carrying amount of the Notes will be the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have a conversion feature, valued using our cost of capital for straight, non-convertible debt. We expect to reflect the difference between the net proceeds from this offering and the initial carrying amount as a debt discount for accounting purposes, which will be amortized into interest expense over the term of the Notes. As a result of this amortization, the interest expense that we expect to recognize for the Notes for accounting purposes will be greater than the cash interest payments we will pay on the Notes, which will result in lower reported income or higher reported loss. The lower reported income or higher reported loss resulting from this accounting treatment could depress the trading price of our common stock and the Notes. However, in August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board published an Accounting Standards Update, which we refer to as ASU 2020-06, eliminating the separate accounting for the debt and equity components as described above. ASU 2020-06 will be effective for SEC-reporting entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 (or, in the case of smaller reporting companies, December 15, 2023), including interim periods within those fiscal years. However, early adoption is permitted in certain circumstances for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are not eligible for early adoption of the revised standard due to the fact that we are not a calendar year end reporter. When effective, we expect the elimination of the separate accounting described above to reduce the interest expense that we expect to recognize for the Notes for accounting purposes.
In addition, we expect to be eligible to use the treasury stock method to reflect the shares underlying the Notes in our diluted earnings per share. Under this method, if the conversion value of the Notes exceeds their principal amount for a reporting period, then diluted earnings per share is calculated assuming that all the Notes were converted and that shares of our common stock were issued to settle the excess. However, if reflecting the Notes in diluted earnings per share in this manner is anti-dilutive, or if the conversion value of the Notes does not exceed their principal amount for a reporting period, then the shares underlying the Notes will not be reflected in diluted earnings per share. However, if we are not permitted to use the treasury stock method, or if accounting standards change in the future to preclude the use of the treasury stock method, then our diluted earnings per share may decline. For example, ASU 2020-06 amends these accounting standards, effective as of the dates referred to above, to eliminate the treasury stock method for convertible instruments that can be settled in whole or in part with equity and instead require application of the “if-converted” method. Under that method, diluted earnings per share would generally be calculated assuming that all the Notes were converted at the beginning of the reporting period, unless the result would be anti-dilutive. Because we are required, upon conversion of any Notes, to settle the conversion value in cash up to at least the principal amount being converted, we currently expect that the application of the “if-converted” method to the Notes under ASU 2020-06 will be substantially similar to the treasury stock method described above. However, we are still assessing the impact of ASU 2020-06 on our financial statements. In addition, further amendments to these accounting standards may require us to reflect the Notes in a manner that adversely affects our reported diluted earnings per share.
Furthermore, if any of the conditions to the convertibility of the Notes is satisfied, then we may be required under applicable accounting standards to reclassify the liability carrying value of the Notes as a current, rather than a long-term, liability. This reclassification could be required even if no noteholders convert their Notes and could materially reduce our reported working capital.
*The capped call transactions may affect the value of our common stock. In connection with the issuance of the Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with certain financial institutions (“option counterparties”). The capped call transactions are generally expected to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock upon any conversion of the Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. From time to time, the option counterparties that are parties to the capped call transactions or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the Notes. This activity could cause a decrease in the market price of our common stock.
*The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. Noteholders may require us to repurchase their Notes following a fundamental change at a cash repurchase price generally equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition all conversions of Notes will be settled partially or entirely in cash. We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to repurchase the Notes or pay the cash amounts due upon conversion. In addition, applicable law, regulatory authorities and the agreements governing our other indebtedness may restrict our ability to repurchase the Notes or pay the cash amounts due upon conversion. Our failure to repurchase Notes or to pay the cash amounts due upon conversion when required will constitute a default under the indenture governing the terms of the Notes. A default
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under the indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our other indebtedness, which may result in that other indebtedness becoming immediately payable in full. If the repayment of such other indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, then we may not have sufficient funds to repay that indebtedness and repurchase the Notes or make cash payments upon their conversion.
*We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the capped call transactions, and the capped call may not operate as planned.
The option counterparties are financial institutions, and we are subject to the risk that any or all of them might default under the capped call transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. Global economic conditions have from time to time resulted in the actual or perceived failure or financial difficulties of many financial institutions. If an option counterparty becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under the capped call transactions with such option counterparty. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be correlated to an increase in the market price subject to the cap and in the volatility of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by an option counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our common stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of the option counterparties.
*Provisions in the indenture could delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial takeover of us. Certain provisions in the Notes and the indenture could make a third party attempt to acquire us more difficult or expensive. For example, if a takeover constitutes a fundamental change, then Noteholders will have the right to require us to repurchase their Notes for cash. In addition, if a takeover constitutes a make-whole fundamental change, then we may be required to temporarily increase the conversion rate. In either case, and in other cases, our obligations under the Notes and the indenture could increase the cost of acquiring us or otherwise discourage a third party from acquiring us or removing incumbent management, including in a transaction that Noteholders or holders of our common stock may view as favorable.
*Conversion of the Notes may dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders. The conversion of some or all of the Notes will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent we deliver shares of our common stock upon conversion of any of the Notes. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Notes could be used to satisfy short positions, or anticipated conversion of the Notes into shares of our common stock could depress the price of our common stock.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Items 2(a) and 2(b) are not applicable.
(c) Stock Repurchases
Information related to the repurchases of our common stock by month in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 is as follows (in thousands, except per share and share data):

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
March 2021 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 175,000 |
April 2021 |  | 445,037 |  |  | 44.94 |  |  | 445,037 |  |  | 155,000 |
May 2021 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 155,000 |
Total |  | 445,037 |  |  | $ | 44.94 |  |  | 445,037 |  |  | $ | 155,000 |

(1)In January 2020, our Board of Directors increased the total share repurchase authorization from $75.0 million to $250.0 million. As of May 31, 2021, there was $155.0 million remaining under this authorization.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

Exhibit No. |  | Description
4.1 |  | Indenture, dated as of April 13, 2021, between Progress Software Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2021)
4.2 |  | Form of 1.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2026 (included as Exhibit A in Exhibit 4.1)
10.1 |  | Form of Capped Call Confirmation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2021)
10.2* |  | Amendment, dated as of April 7, 2021, among Progress Software Corporation, the Lenders listed on the signature pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, to that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 30, 2019, among Progress Software Corporation, the Lenders listed on the signature pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent
31.1* |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act – Yogesh K. Gupta
31.2* |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act – Anthony Folger
32.1** |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
101* |  | The following materials from Progress Software Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2021 and November 30, 2020; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three and six months ended May 31, 2021 and 2020; and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* | Filed herewith
** | Furnished herewith
† | Indicates management compensatory plan, contract, or arrangement

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
PROGRESS SOFTWARE CORPORATION
(Registrant)

Dated: | July 7, 2021 |  | /s/ YOGESH K. GUPTA
|  |  | Yogesh K. Gupta
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Dated: | July 7, 2021 |  | /s/ ANTHONY FOLGER
|  |  | Anthony Folger
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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