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Fair Value
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Fair Value
Under Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement of the FASB Codification, disclosures are required about how fair value is determined for assets and liabilities and a hierarchy for which these assets and liabilities must be grouped is established, based on significant levels of inputs as follows:
Level 1 - observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 - quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, and other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly for the asset or liability; or
Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, such as discounted cash flow models or valuations.
The determination of where assets and liabilities fall within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following is a listing of our assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis and where they are classified within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in millions):
September 30, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents$1,004 $— $— $1,004 
Available-for-sale investment securities— 680 — 680 
Equity investment securities11 — — 11 
Aircraft fuel derivatives— 3 — 3 
December 31, 2021
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
Cash equivalents$1,515 $— $— $1,515 
Available-for-sale investment securities— 800 — 800 
Equity investment securities26 — — 26 
Aircraft fuel derivatives— — — — 
Refer to Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for fair value information related to our outstanding debt obligations as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Cash equivalents
Our cash equivalents include money market securities and time deposits which are readily convertible into cash, have maturities of three months or less when purchased, and are considered to be highly liquid and easily tradable. The money market securities are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical securities and are therefore classified as Level 1 within our fair value hierarchy. The fair values of remaining instruments are based on observable inputs in non-active markets, which are therefore classified as Level 2 in the hierarchy.
Available-for-sale investment securities
Our available-for-sale investment securities include investments such as time deposits and convertible debt securities. The fair values of these instruments are based on observable inputs in non-active markets, which are therefore classified as Level 2 in the hierarchy. We did not record any material gains or losses on these securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
Equity investment securities
Our equity investment securities include investments in common stocks of publicly traded companies. The fair values of these instruments are classified as Level 1 in the hierarchy as they are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. We recognized a net unrealized loss of $1 million and $10 million on these securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. An immaterial gain was recorded during the same period in 2021.
Aircraft fuel derivatives
Our aircraft fuel derivatives include call spread options which are not traded on public exchanges. Their fair values are determined using a market approach based on inputs that are readily available from public markets for commodities and energy trading activities; therefore, they are classified as Level 2 inputs. The data inputs are combined into quantitative models and processes to generate forward curves and volatility related to the specific terms of the underlying hedge contracts.