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Derivative Instruments | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2016
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Derivative Instruments | NOTE 4 - Derivative Instruments In February 2014, the Company began offering fixed indexed annuity products (“FIA”), which are deferred fixed annuities that guarantee the return of principal to the contractholder and credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specified market index. In October 2015, the Company began offering indexed universal life products (“IUL”), which also credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specified market index. When deposits are received for FIA and IUL contracts, a portion is used to purchase derivatives consisting of call options on the applicable market indices to fund the index credits due to FIA and IUL policyholders. For the Company, substantially all such call options are one-year options purchased to match the funding requirements of the underlying contracts. The call options are carried at fair value with the change in fair value included in Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses), a component of revenues, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The change in fair value of derivatives includes the gains or losses recognized at the expiration of the option term or early termination and the changes in fair value for open positions. Call options are not purchased to fund the index liabilities which may arise after the next deposit anniversary date. On the respective anniversary dates of the indexed deposits, the index used to compute the annual index credit is reset and new one-year call options are purchased to fund the next annual index credit. The cost of these purchases is managed through the terms of the FIA and IUL contracts, which permit changes to index return caps, participation rates and/or asset fees, subject to guaranteed minimums on each contract’s anniversary date. By adjusting the index return caps, participation rates or asset fees, crediting rates generally can be managed except in cases where the contractual features would prevent further modifications. The future annual index credits on fixed indexed annuities are treated as a “series of embedded derivatives” over the expected life of the applicable contract with a corresponding reserve recorded. For the indexed universal life contract, the embedded derivative represents a single year liability for the index return. The Company carries all derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The Company elected to not use hedge accounting for derivative transactions related to the FIA and IUL products. As a result, the Company records the purchased call options and the embedded derivative related to the provision of a contingent return at fair value, with changes in the fair value of the derivatives recognized immediately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair values of derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in FIA and IUL contracts, presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:
|  | March 31, |  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments, included in Short-term and Other Investments |  | $ | 3,140 |  | $ | 2,501 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed indexed annuities - embedded derivatives, included in Other Policyholder Funds |  |  | 42,085 |  |  | 39,021 |
Indexed universal life - embedded derivatives, included in Investment Contract and Life Policy Reserves |  |  | 23 |  |  | 14 |
In general, the change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives related to the fixed indexed annuities will not correspond to the change in fair value of the purchased call options because the purchased call options are one-year options while the options valued in those embedded derivatives represent the rights of the policyholder to receive index credits over the entire period the fixed indexed annuities are expected to be in force, which typically exceeds 10 years. The changes in fair value of derivatives included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Change in fair value of derivatives (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net realized investment gains (losses) |  | $ | (218) |  | $ | (205) |
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net realized investment gains (losses) |  |  | (676) |  |  | 439 |
| (1) | Includes the gains or losses recognized at the expiration of the option term or early termination and the changes in fair value for open options.
The Company’s strategy attempts to mitigate any potential risk of loss under these agreements through a regular monitoring process, which evaluates the program's effectiveness. The Company is exposed to risk of loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties and, accordingly, option contracts are purchased from multiple counterparties, which are evaluated for creditworthiness prior to purchase of the contracts. All of these options have been purchased from nationally recognized financial institutions with a Standard and Poor's/Moody’s long-term credit rating of “BBB+”/“Baa1” or higher at the time of purchase and the maximum credit exposure to any single counterparty is subject to concentration limits. The Company also obtains credit support agreements that allow it to request the counterparty to provide collateral when the fair value of the exposure to the counterparty exceeds specified amounts. The notional amount and fair value of call options by counterparty and each counterparty's long-term credit ratings were as follows:
|  | March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015 |
|  | Credit Rating (1) |  | Notional |  | Fair |  | Notional |  | Fair |
Counterparty |  | S&P |  | Moody’s |  | Amount |  | Value |  | Amount |  | Value |
Bank of America, N.A. |  |  | A |  |  | A1 |  | $ | 34,800 |  | $ | 1,022 |  | $ | 17,000 |  | $ | 5 |
Barclays Bank PLC |  |  | A- |  |  | A2 |  |  | 11,400 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 7,600 |  |  | 137 |
Citigroup Inc. |  |  | BBB+ |  |  | Baa1 |  |  | 17,300 |  |  | 705 |  |  | 17,300 |  |  | 845 |
Credit Suisse International |  |  | A |  |  | A2 |  |  | 14,600 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 12,000 |  |  | 167 |
Societe Generale |  |  | A |  |  | A2 |  |  | 65,300 |  |  | 914 |  |  | 80,800 |  |  | 1,347 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 143,400 |  | $ | 3,140 |  | $ | 134,700 |  | $ | 2,501 |
| (1) | As assigned by Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”).
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company held $2,197 and $2,617, respectively, of cash received from counterparties for derivative collateral, which is included in Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. This derivative collateral limits the Company’s maximum amount of economic loss due to credit risk that would be incurred if parties to the call options failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts to $250 per counterparty.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 45 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6441202&loc=d3e80720-113993 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4C -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5624171-113959 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=d3e41620-113959 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4B -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5624163-113959 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5579240-113959 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4D -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5624177-113959 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35736893&loc=d3e80784-113994 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=d3e41641-113959 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5579245-113959 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4H -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5624258-113959 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35736893&loc=d3e80748-113994 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4K -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5708775-113959 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4J -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5708773-113959 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5618551-113959 Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5580258-113959 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4E -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=SL5624181-113959 Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 25 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6886632&loc=d3e76258-113986 Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=56946850&loc=d3e41638-113959 Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(n)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 + Details
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