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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Summary of company's fair value hierarchy measured at recurring basis
The following table presents the Company's fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis. At December 31, 2020, Level 3 investments comprised approximately 5.3% of the Company's total investment portfolio at fair value.
($ in thousands)CarryingFairFair Value Measurements at
Reporting Date Using
AmountValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
December 31, 2020
Financial Assets
Investments
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Government and federally
sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities$684,838 $684,838 $— $673,764 $11,074 
Other, including U.S. Treasury securities433,153 433,153 18,350 414,803 — 
Municipal bonds1,827,497 1,827,497 — 1,767,907 59,590 
Foreign government bonds45,054 45,054 — 45,054 — 
Corporate bonds2,122,898 2,122,898 14,876 1,952,206 155,816 
Other asset-backed securities1,231,850 1,231,850 — 1,103,567 128,283 
Total fixed maturity securities6,345,290 6,345,290 33,226 5,957,301 354,763 
Equity securities
121,653 121,653 39,235 82,115 303 
Short-term investments
141,770 141,770 137,679 4,091 — 
Other investments
36,258 36,258 — 36,258 — 
Totals$6,644,971 $6,644,971 $210,140 $6,079,765 $355,066 
Separate Account (variable annuity) assets (1)
$2,891,423 $2,891,423 $2,891,423 $— $— 
Financial Liabilities
Investment contract and life policy reserves,
embedded derivatives
$2,474 $2,474 $— $2,474 $— 
Other policyholder funds, embedded derivatives$104,488 $104,488 $— $— $104,488 
December 31, 2019
Financial Assets
Investments
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Government and federally
sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities$724,319 $724,319 $— $711,004 $13,315 
Other, including U.S. Treasury securities458,868 458,868 17,699 441,169 — 
Municipal bonds1,686,203 1,686,203 — 1,641,912 44,291 
Foreign government bonds45,370 45,370 — 45,370 — 
Corporate bonds1,581,424 1,581,424 14,470 1,463,002 103,952 
Other asset-backed securities1,295,492 1,295,492 — 1,161,979 133,513 
Total fixed maturity securities5,791,676 5,791,676 32,169 5,464,436 295,071 
Equity securities
101,864 101,864 49,834 51,923 107 
Short-term investments
172,667 172,667 172,667 — — 
Other investments
25,997 25,997 — 25,997 — 
Totals$6,092,204 $6,092,204 $254,670 $5,542,356 $295,178 
Separate Account (variable annuity) assets (1)
$2,490,469 $2,490,469 $2,490,469 $— $— 
Financial Liabilities
Investment contract and life policy reserves,
embedded derivatives
$1,314 $1,314 $— $1,314 $— 
Other policyholder funds, embedded derivatives$93,733 $93,733 $— $— $93,733 
(1)    Separate Account (variable annuity) assets represent contractholder funds invested in various actively traded mutual funds that have daily quoted net asset values that are readily determinable for identical assets that the Company can access. Separate Account (variable annuity) liabilities are equal to the estimated fair value of Separate Account (variable annuity) assets.
Table for reconciliations for all Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis The following tables present reconciliations for the periods indicated for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
($ in thousands)Financial Assets
Financial
Liabilities (1)
Municipal
Bonds
Corporate
 Bonds
Mortgage
and Asset-
Backed
Securities (2)
Total
Fixed
Maturity
Securities
Equity
Securities
Total
Beginning balance, January 1, 2020$44,291 $103,952 $146,828 $295,071 $107 $295,178 $93,733 
Transfers into Level 3 (3)
80,686 83,621 104,263 268,570 234 268,804 — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (3)
(69,074)(36,620)(84,679)(190,373)— (190,373)— 
Total gains or losses
Net investment gains (losses)
included in net income related
to financial assets
— — (239)(239)(38)(277)— 
Net investment (gains) losses
included in net income related
to financial liabilities
— — — — — — 11,499 
Net unrealized investment gains
(losses) included in OCI
4,252 1,427 (10,471)(4,792)— (4,792)— 
Purchases— 6,875 1,890 8,765 — 8,765 — 
Issuances— — — — — — 8,373 
Sales— — 1,214 1,214 — 1,214 — 
Settlements— — — — — — — 
Paydowns, maturities and distributions(565)(3,439)(19,449)(23,453)— (23,453)(9,117)
Ending balance, December 31, 2020$59,590 $155,816 $139,357 $354,763 $303 $355,066 $104,488 
Beginning balance, January 1, 2019$47,531 $80,742 $120,211 $248,484 $$248,489 $78,700 
Transfers into Level 3 (3)
— 33,475 56,766 90,241 65 90,306 — 
Transfers out of Level 3 (3)
— (7,698)(2,568)(10,266)— (10,266)— 
Total gains or losses
Net investment gains (losses)
included in net income related
to financial assets
— — (1,105)(1,105)38 (1,067)— 
Net investment (gains) losses
included in net income related
to financial liabilities
— — — — — — 12,636 
Net unrealized investment gains
(losses) included in OCI
474 4,461 6,100 11,035 — 11,035 — 
Purchases— 2,483 — 2,483 — 2,483 — 
Issuances— — — — — — 10,039 
Sales— — (607)(607)(1)(608)— 
Settlements— — — — — — — 
Paydowns, maturities and distributions(3,714)(9,511)(31,969)(45,194)— (45,194)(7,642)
Ending balance, December 31, 2019$44,291 $103,952 $146,828 $295,071 $107 $295,178 $93,733 
(1)    Represents embedded derivatives, all related to the Company's FIA products, reported in Other policyholder funds in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)    Includes U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations for mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities.
(3)    Transfers into and out of Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were attributable to changes in the availability of observable market information for individual fixed maturity securities and short-term investments. The Company's policy is to recognize transfers into and out of the levels as having occurred at the end of the reporting period in which the transfers were determined.
Fair value measurement inputs and valuation techniques
The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs for recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3.
($ in thousands)
Financial
Assets
Fair Value at
December 31, 2020
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable Inputs
Range
(Weighted Average)
and Single Point Best Estimate (1)
Municipal bonds$59,590 discounted cash flow
I spread (2)
307 - 391 bps
Corporate bonds155,816 discounted cash flow
N spread (3)
272 - 553 bps
market comparableoption adjusted spread12.54%
Other asset-backed securities128,283 vendor pricehaircut
3.00% - 5.00%
discounted cash flowconstant prepayment rate20.00%
discounted cash flow
T spread (4)
235 - 800 bps
discounted cash flow
PDI interest margin (5)
7.13%
discounted cash flow
SBL interest margin (6)
4.50%
Government mortgage-backed securities11,074 vendor pricehaircut
3.00% - 5.00%
Equity securities303 Black-Scholesequity value
low - 31.00%; high - 41.00%
($ in thousands)
Financial
Liabilities
Fair Value at
December 31, 2020
Valuation Technique(s)Unobservable Inputs
Range
(Weighted Average)
and Single Point Best Estimate (1)
Derivatives
embedded in
fixed indexed annuity products
$104,488 discounted cash flowlapse rate5.30%
mortality multiplier (7)
63.00%
      option budget 
0.90% - 2.50%
non-performance adjustment (8)
5.00%
(1)    When a range of unobservable inputs is not readily available, the Company uses a single point best estimate.
(2)    "I spread" is the interpolated weighted average life point on the "on the run" (OTR) point of the curve.
(3)    "N spread" is the interpolated weighted average life point on the swap curve.
(4)    "T spread" is a specific point on the OTR curve.
(5)    "PDI" stands for private debt investment.
(6)    "SBL" stands for broadly syndicated loans.
(7)    Mortality multiplier is applied to the Annuity 2000 table.
(8)    Determined as a percentage of a risk-free rate.
Summary of fair value assets and liabilities measured on nonrecurring basis The following table presents the carrying amount, fair value and fair value hierarchy of these financial assets and financial liabilities.
($ in thousands)CarryingFairFair Value Measurements at
Reporting Date Using
AmountValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
December 31, 2020
Financial Assets
Investments
Other investments$168,296 $172,073 $— $— $172,073 
Deposit asset on reinsurance2,420,926 3,030,589 — — 3,030,589 
Financial Liabilities
Investment contract and policy reserves,
fixed annuity contracts
4,847,648 4,963,318 — — 4,963,318 
Investment contract and life policy reserves,
account values on life contracts
98,719 108,360 — — 108,360 
Other policyholder funds646,809 646,809 — 590,692 56,117 
Short-term debt135,000 135,000 — — 135,000 
Long-term debt302,323 331,136 — 331,136 — 
December 31, 2019
Financial Assets
Investments
Other investments$163,312 $167,185 $— $— $167,185 
Deposit asset on reinsurance2,346,166 2,634,012 — — 2,634,012 
Financial Liabilities
Investment contract and policy reserves,
fixed annuity contracts
4,675,774 4,609,880 — — 4,609,880 
Investment contract and life policy reserves,
account values on life contracts
93,465 98,332 — — 98,332 
Other policyholder funds553,550 553,550 — 495,812 57,738 
Short-term debt135,000 135,000 — — 135,000 
Long-term debt298,025 322,678 — 322,678 —