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Long-Duration Insurance Contracts (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Insurance [Abstract]

Schedule of Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity

The following table summarizes the balance of and changes in LFPB on January 1, 2021 due to adoption of ASU 2018-12. The impact of shifts between deferred profit liabilities (DPL) and LFPB for limited-payment products are presented as offsetting line items in the effect of net premiums exceeding gross premiums and the effect of decrease/increase of DPL.

($ in millions)
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life						Limited Pay Whole Life						Supplemental Health(1)						SPIA (life contingent)
Balance, end of year December 31, 2020						$	218.7					$	93.2					$	758.3					$	51.3					$	392.5					$	115.9
Change in discount rate assumptions						111.5						27.3						433.0						18.2						23.0						20.6
Change in cash flow assumptions, effect of net premiums exceeding gross premiums						0.4						—						—						—						—						—
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021						330.6						120.5						1,191.3						69.5						415.5						136.5
Less: Reinsurance recoverables, end of year December 31, 2020						(0.1)						(5.4)						(1.3)						(0.1)						—						—
Less: Change in discount rate assumptions						(0.2)						(0.9)						(0.7)						(0.1)						—						—
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance						$	330.3					$	114.2					$	1,189.3					$	69.3					$	415.5					$	136.5

(1)     As of January 1, 2021, the net LFPB for Supplemental Health was $163.5 million for cancer, $31.2 million for accident, $32.0 million for disability and $188.8 million for other supplemental health policies.

The following tables summarize balances and changes in LFPB for traditional and limited-payment contracts.

The balances of and changes in LFPB as of and for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows:

($ in millions)
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life(1)						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Supplemental Health(2)						SPIA (life contingent)
Present value of expected net premiums:
Balance at July 1, 2023						$	217.5					$	240.3					$	68.1					$	31.7					$	172.0					$	—
July 1, 2023 balance at original discount rate						247.0						265.1						64.7						34.2						207.5						—
Effect of:						—						—						—						—						—						—
Change in cash flow assumptions						—						—						—						—						—						—
Actual variances from expected experience						0.8						(1.2)						0.7						(0.3)						—						—
Adjusted balance at July 1, 2023						247.8						263.9						65.4						33.9						207.5						—
Issuances(3)						2.2						6.0						—						1.2						3.7						0.8
Interest accruals(4)						1.8						2.6						1.0						0.4						1.5						—
Net premiums collected(5)						(5.2)						(6.3)						(1.7)						(1.5)						(5.6)						(0.8)
September 30, 2023 balance at original discount rate						246.6						266.2						64.7						34.0						207.1						—
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						(41.7)						(38.1)						(0.4)						(3.6)						(42.8)						—
Balance at September 30, 2023						204.9						228.1						64.3						30.4						164.3						—
Present value of expected future policy benefits:
Balance at July 1, 2023						507.1						360.6						871.5						85.3						426.6						103.6
July 1, 2023 balance at original discount rate						588.7						406.4						799.6						102.6						525.8						113.0
Effect of:
Changes in cash flow assumptions						—						—						—						—						—						—
Actual variances from expected experience						0.8						(0.3)						1.1						(0.3)						(0.2)						—
Adjusted balance at July 1, 2023						589.5						406.1						800.7						102.3						525.6						113.0
Issuances						2.2						6.4						—						1.2						3.7						0.7
Interest accruals						4.8						3.9						11.7						1.0						3.6						1.1
Benefit payments(6)						(5.3)						(5.0)						(16.0)						(0.2)						(15.7)						(2.9)
September 30, 2023 balance at original discount rate						591.2						411.4						796.4						104.3						517.2						111.9
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						(123.5)						(71.0)						11.0						(25.7)						(118.8)						(13.7)
Balance at September 30, 2023						467.7						340.4						807.4						78.6						398.4						98.2
Net liability for future policy benefits						262.7						112.4						743.2						48.2						234.0						98.2
Less: Reinsurance recoverable						(58.1)						(16.9)						(0.6)						(0.1)						(3.5)						(3.3)
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable						204.6						95.5						742.6						48.1						230.5						94.9
Impact of flooring on net liability for future policy benefits						0.5						0.1						—						—						—						—
Net liability for future policy benefits at September 30, 2023						$	205.1					$	95.6					$	742.6					$	48.1					$	230.5					$	94.9

(1) Experience Life contains both whole life and term elements.

(2) As of September 30, 2023, the net LFPB for Supplemental Health was $88.5 million for cancer, $20.0 million for accident, $21.6 million for disability and $100.4 million for other supplemental health policies.

(3) Issuances are calculated at present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during the current period.

(4) Interest accruals represent the interest earned on the beginning present value of either the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits using the original interest rate.

(5) Net premiums collected represent the product of the current period net premium ratio and the gross premiums collected during the period of in force business.

(6) Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits due to death, lapse/withdrawal and maturity payments based on revised expected assumptions.

The balances of and changes in LFPB as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows:

($ in millions)
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life(1)						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Supplemental Health(2)						SPIA (life contingent)
Present value of expected net premiums:
Balance at January 1, 2023						$	215.1					$	234.7					$	68.3					$	29.7					$	167.4					$	—
January 1, 2023 balance at original discount rate						245.9						265.4						65.5						32.4						205.1						—
Effect of:						—						—						—						—						—						—
Change in cash flow assumptions						—						(5.3)						—						—						—						—
Actual variances from expected experience						2.6						(2.2)						1.4						1.0						0.3						—
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2023						248.5						257.9						66.9						33.4						205.4						—
Issuances(3)						7.6						19.0						—						3.3						13.6						4.2
Interest accruals(4)						5.4						7.8						2.8						1.0						4.5						—
Net premiums collected(5)						(14.9)						(18.5)						(5.0)						(3.7)						(16.4)						(4.2)
September 30, 2023 balance at original discount rate						246.6						266.2						64.7						34.0						207.1						—
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						(41.7)						(38.1)						(0.4)						(3.6)						(42.8)						—
Balance at September 30, 2023						204.9						228.1						64.3						30.4						164.3						—
Present value of expected future policy benefits:
Balance at January 1, 2023						493.6						347.0						867.5						79.4						431.7						103.3
January 1, 2023 balance at original discount rate						581.9						401.0						805.2						98.6						537.1						113.4
Effect of:
Changes in cash flow assumptions						—						(5.6)						—						—						—						—
Actual variances from expected experience						2.7						0.4						2.0						1.2						(0.1)						(0.5)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2023						584.6						395.8						807.2						99.8						537.0						112.9
Issuances						7.7						19.6						—						3.3						13.6						4.7
Interest accruals						14.2						11.4						35.5						2.9						10.8						3.3
Benefit payments(6)						(15.3)						(15.4)						(46.3)						(1.7)						(44.2)						(9.0)
September 30, 2023 balance at original discount rate						591.2						411.4						796.4						104.3						517.2						111.9
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						(123.5)						(71.0)						11.0						(25.7)						(118.8)						(13.7)
Balance at September 30, 2023						467.7						340.4						807.4						78.6						398.4						98.2
Net liability for future policy benefits						262.7						112.4						743.2						48.2						234.0						98.2
Less: Reinsurance recoverable						(58.1)						(16.9)						(0.6)						(0.1)						(3.5)						(3.3)
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable						204.6						95.5						742.6						48.1						230.5						94.9
Impact of flooring on net liability for future policy benefits						0.5						0.1						—						—						—						—
Net liability for future policy benefits at September 30, 2023						$	205.1					$	95.6					$	742.6					$	48.1					$	230.5					$	94.9

(1) Experience Life contains both whole life and term elements.

(2) As of September 30, 2023, the net LFPB for Supplemental Health was $88.5 million for cancer, $20.0 million for accident, $21.6 million for disability and $100.4 million for other supplemental health policies.

(3) Issuances are calculated at present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during the current period.

(4) Interest accruals represent the interest earned on the beginning present value of either the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits using the original interest rate.

(5) Net premiums collected represent the product of the current period net premium ratio and the gross premiums collected during the period of in force business.

(6) Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits due to death, lapse/withdrawal and maturity payments based on revised expected assumptions.

The balances of and changes in LFPB as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 were as follows:

($ in millions)
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life(1)						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Supplemental Health(2)						SPIA (life contingent)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance at January 1, 2022(7)						$	260.7					$	264.4					$	74.6					$	29.7					$	226.7					$	—
January 1, 2022 balance at original discount rate(7)						239.3						235.4						55.9						27.2						223.1						—
Effect of:
Change in cash flow assumptions						5.2						18.7						9.1						2.0						12.2						—
Actual variances from expected experience						7.2						(4.2)						3.0						1.6						(25.3)						—
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2022						251.7						249.9						68.0						30.8						210.0						—
Issuances(3)						12.5						28.0						—						6.3						12.0						5.3
Interest accruals(3)						6.7						9.0						3.3						1.1						5.9						—
Net premiums collected(5)						(25.0)						(21.5)						(5.8)						(5.8)						(22.8)						(5.3)
December 31, 2022 balance at original discount rate						245.9						265.4						65.5						32.4						205.1						—
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						(30.8)						(30.7)						2.8						(2.7)						(37.7)						—
Balance at December 31, 2022						215.1						234.7						68.3						29.7						167.4						—
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance at January 1, 2022(7)						660.4						411.5						1,172.7						102.9						590.6						129.1
January 1, 2022 balance at original discount rate(7)						566.1						360.0						802.6						86.6						584.2						115.7
Effect of:
Changes in cash flow assumptions						5.2						21.5						11.0						2.0						13.8						—
Actual variances from expected experience						7.7						(4.7)						3.6						1.4						(30.0)						0.4
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2022						579.0						376.8						817.2						90.0						568.0						116.1
Issuances						12.4						28.3						—						6.4						12.0						5.3
Interest accruals						18.0						14.4						47.4						3.4						15.0						4.3
Benefit payments(6)						(27.5)						(18.5)						(59.4)						(1.2)						(57.9)						(12.3)
December 31, 2022 balance at original discount rate						581.9						401.0						805.2						98.6						537.1						113.4
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						(88.3)						(54.0)						62.3						(19.2)						(105.4)						(10.1)
Balance at December 31, 2022						493.6						347.0						867.5						79.4						431.7						103.3
Net liability for future policy benefits						278.4						112.2						799.3						49.6						264.4						103.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable						(63.1)						(15.3)						(0.8)						—						(3.4)						(3.2)
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable						215.3						96.9						798.5						49.6						261.0						100.1
Impact of flooring on net liability for future policy benefits						1.1						0.2						—						—						—						—
Net liability for future policy benefits at December 31, 2022						$	216.4					$	97.1					$	798.5					$	49.6					$	261.0					$	100.1

(1) Experience Life contains both whole life and term elements.

(2) As of December 31, 2022, the net LFPB for Supplemental Health was $101.8 million for cancer, $21.8 million for accident, $23.1 million for disability and $114.3 million for other supplemental health policies.

(3) Issuances are calculated at present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during the current period.

(4) Interest accruals represent the interest earned on the beginning present value of either the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits using the original interest rate.

(5) Net premiums collected represent the product of the current period net premium ratio and the gross premiums collected during the period of in force business.

(6) Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits due to death, lapse/withdrawal and maturity payments based on revised expected assumptions.

(7) Whole Life, Term Life, and Supplemental Health beginning balance at January 1, 2022 includes reserves acquired from Madison National Life Insurance Company, Inc. on January 1, 2022.

The balances of and changes in LFPB (including a summary of the balance and changes in the LFPB on January 1, 2021 due to adoption of ASU 2018-12) as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 were as follows:

($ in millions)
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience  Life(1)						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Supplemental Health(2)						SPIA (life contingent)
Balance, end of year December 31, 2020						$	218.7					$	93.2					$	758.3					$	51.3					$	392.5					$	115.9
Change in discount rate assumptions						111.5						27.3						433.0						18.2						23.0						20.6
Change in cash flow assumptions, effect of net premiums exceeding gross premiums						0.4						—						—						—						—						—
Change in cash flow assumptions, effect of decrease of the DPL						—						—						—						—						—						—
Adjustment for removal of related balances in AOCI						—						—						—						—						—						—
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021						330.6						120.5						1,191.3						69.5						415.5						136.5
Less: Reinsurance recoverables						(0.1)						(5.4)						(1.3)						(0.1)						—						—
Less: Change in discount rate assumptions						(0.2)						(0.9)						(0.7)						(0.1)						—						—
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance						$	330.3					$	114.2					$	1,189.3					$	69.3					$	415.5					$	136.5
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance at January 1, 2021						$	176.5					$	244.1					$	78.0					$	25.4					$	233.0					$	—
January 1, 2021 balance at original discount rate						143.5						200.8						55.2						22.0						218.2						—
Effect of:
Change in cash flow assumptions						2.4						(4.5)						(3.3)						—						(1.8)						—
Actual variances from expected experience						8.8						6.9						6.3						1.0						6.3						—
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2021						154.7						203.2						58.2						23.0						222.7						—
Issuances(3)						13.3						29.8						—						10.2						13.0						3.7
Interest accruals(4)						6.2						7.9						3.2						0.8						5.9						—
Net premiums collected(5)						(16.6)						(19.8)						(5.6)						(6.8)						(24.1)						(3.7)
December 31, 2021 balance at original discount rate						157.6						221.1						55.8						27.2						217.5						—
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						25.4						32.0						18.8						2.5						4.0						—
Balance at December 31, 2021						183.0						253.1						74.6						29.7						221.5						—
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance at January 1, 2021						507.1						364.7						1,269.3						95.0						626.9						136.5
January 1, 2021 balance at original discount rate						362.5						294.0						813.5						73.4						589.1						115.9
Effect of:
Changes in cash flow assumptions						2.8						(4.8)						(3.6)						—						(3.0)						—
Actual variances from expected experience						8.7						7.2						6.6						1.1						6.2						(0.4)
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2021						374.0						296.4						816.5						74.5						592.3						115.5
Issuances						13.3						29.8						—						10.2						13.0						3.7
Interest accruals						17.1						12.0						47.9						2.9						15.7						4.5
Benefit payments(5)						(18.1)						(18.7)						(61.9)						(1.0)						(48.4)						(12.1)
December 31, 2021 balance at original discount rate						386.3						319.5						802.5						86.6						572.6						111.6
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						114.4						51.1						370.2						16.3						8.0						13.1
Balance at December 31, 2021						500.7						370.6						1,172.7						102.9						580.6						124.7
Net liability for future policy benefits						317.7						117.6						1,098.1						73.2						359.1						124.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable						(0.5)						(5.5)						(1.1)						(0.2)						—						—
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable						$	317.2					$	112.1					$	1,097.0					$	73.0					$	359.1					$	124.7

(1) Experience Life contains both whole life and term elements.

(2) As of December 31, 2021, the net LFPB for Supplemental Health was $140.8 million for cancer, $28.7 million for accident, $29.3 million for disability and $160.3 million for other supplemental health policies.

(3) Issuances are calculated at present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits related to new policies issued during the current period.

(4) Interest accruals represent the interest earned on the beginning present value of either the expected net premiums or the expected future policy benefits using the original interest rate.

(5) Net premiums collected represent the product of the current period net premium ratio and the gross premiums collected during the period of in force business.

(6) Benefit payments represent the release of the present value, using the original discount rate, of the expected future policy benefits due to death, lapse/withdrawal and maturity payments based on revised expected assumptions.

The following table summarizes the amount of revenue and interest related to traditional and limited-payment contracts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss):

($ in millions)						Gross premiums or assessments												Gross premiums or assessments
						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2023						2022						2023						2022
Whole life						$	7.2					$	7.0					$	20.5					$	19.3
Term life						11.7						11.3						33.9						31.6
Experience life						8.1						8.4						24.2						25.2
Limited-pay whole life						2.2						2.0						5.5						6.3
Supplemental health						30.0						30.4						89.7						91.7
SPIA (life contingent)						0.9						0.9						4.5						4.2
Total						$	60.1					$	60.0					$	178.3					$	178.3

($ in millions)						Interest expense												Interest expense
						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2023						2022						2023						2022
Whole life						$	3.0					$	2.8					$	8.8					$	8.4
Term life						1.2						1.0						3.6						3.2
Experience life						10.9						11.1						32.8						33.2
Limited-pay whole life						0.6						0.6						1.9						1.8
Supplemental health						2.1						2.2						6.4						6.9
SPIA (life contingent)						1.1						1.1						3.3						3.3
Total						$	18.9					$	18.8					$	56.8					$	56.8

The following table provides the amount of undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefits and expenses for traditional and limited-payment contracts:

($ in millions)						As of September 30, 2023												As of December 31, 2022
						Undiscounted						Discounted						Undiscounted						Discounted
Whole life
Expected future gross premiums						$	473.9					$	323.6					$	469.0					$	322.5
Expected future benefits and expenses						1,138.5						591.2						1,121.4						580.4
Term life
Expected future gross premiums						757.0						471.7						739.3						464.2
Expected future benefits and expenses						704.2						411.4						678.0						401.0
Experience Life
Expected future gross premiums						542.1						301.8						569.6						315.5
Expected future benefits and expenses						1,713.6						796.4						1,755.4						805.2
Limited-pay whole life
Expected future gross premiums						63.3						48.2						60.8						46.5
Expected future benefits and expenses						238.3						104.3						226.8						98.6
Supplemental health
Expected future gross premiums						1,639.2						1,206.3						1,615.5						1,208.1
Expected future benefits and expenses						713.5						517.2						761.4						563.6
SPIA (life contingent)
Expected future gross premiums						—						—						—						—
Expected future benefits and expenses						156.7						111.9						157.7						113.4

The following table provides the weighted-average durations of LFPB, in years:

						As of September 30,
						2023						2022
Whole life						17.8						17.7
Term life						16.4						15.8
Experience life						10.4						10.7
Limited-pay whole life						22.2						21.3
Supplemental health						10.4						9.9
SPIA (life contingent)						7.6						7.7

The following table provides ranges of the weighted-average interest rates for LFPB:

						As of September 30,
						2023						2022
Whole life
Interest accretion rate						1.7% - 4.9%						1.7% - 5.0%
Current discount rate						5.5% - 5.9%						4.9% - 5.4%
Term life
Interest accretion rate						4.2% - 4.3%						4.1% - 4.3%
Current discount rate						5.9% - 5.9%						5.5% - 5.5%
Experience life
Interest accretion rate						6.1		%				6.1		%
Current discount rate						5.9		%				5.5		%
Limited-pay whole life
Interest accretion rate						3.9		%				3.9		%
Current discount rate						5.9		%				5.4		%
Supplemental health
Interest accretion rate						1.7% - 2.7%						1.7% - 2.7%
Current discount rate						5.9% - 6.1%						5.4% - 5.8%
SPIA (life contingent)
Interest accretion rate						1.7% - 4.1%						1.7% - 4.0%
Current discount rate						5.8% - 5.8%						5.4% - 5.4%

Schedule of Liability for Future Policy Benefits, by Product Segment

The following table reconciles the net LFPB to LFPB in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. DPL for single premium and immediate annuity products is presented together with LFPB in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

($ in millions)						September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Whole life						$	262.7					$	279.5
Term life						112.4						112.4
Experience life						743.2						799.3
Limited-pay whole life						48.2						49.6
Supplemental health						234.0						264.4
SPIA (life contingent)						98.2						103.3
Limited-pay whole life DPL						3.9						3.2
SPIA (life contingent) DPL						1.2						0.8
Reconciling items(1)						109.6						105.5
Total						$	1,613.4					$	1,718.0

(1) Reconciling items primarily relate to products not in scope of ASU 2018-12 and return of premium reserves.

Schedule of Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques

Level 3 Assets and Liabilities by Price Source

The table below presents the balances of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value with their corresponding pricing sources (in millions, 2022 information recast for the adoption of LDTI):

($ in millions)
						Total						Internal						External
September 30, 2023
Financial Assets
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities						$	2.5					$	—					$	2.5
Municipal bonds						69.7						—						69.7
Corporate bonds						305.2						47.4						257.8
Other asset-backed securities						98.0						—						98.0
Total fixed maturity securities						475.4						47.4						428.0
Equity securities						2.2						—						2.2
Totals						$	477.6					$	47.4					$	430.2
Financial Liabilities(1)						$	78.3					$	78.3					$	—
December 31, 2022
Financial Assets
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities						$	2.6					$	—					$	2.6
Municipal bonds						54.4						—						54.4
Corporate bonds						261.3						9.5						251.8
Other asset-backed securities						105.0						—						105.0
Total fixed maturity securities						423.3						9.5						413.8
Equity securities						2.0						—						2.0
Totals						$	425.3					$	9.5					$	415.8
Financial Liabilities(1)						$	91.3					$	91.3					$	—

(1) Represents embedded derivatives related to fixed indexed annuity and indexed universal life products reported in Future policy benefit reserves and Other policyholder funds as well as net MRBs reported in Policyholders' account balances in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

External pricing sources for securities represent prices from prior transactions or unadjusted third-party pricing information where pricing inputs are not readily available.

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs for recurring fair value measurements categorized with Level 3.

($ in millions)

Fair Value as of September 30, 2023

Valuation Technique(s)

Unobservable Inputs

Range (Weighted Average) and Single Point Best Estimate(1)

Financial Assets

Corporate bonds

$

47.4

discounted cash flow

yield

8.3% - 17.4%

Financial Liabilities

Derivatives embedded in fixed indexed annuity products

$

82.8

discounted cash flow

lapse rate

5.4%

mortality multiplier(2)

67.8%

option budget

0.9% - 3.8%

non-performance adjustment(3)

5.0%

Net MRBs

$

(4.5)

discounted cash flow

lapse rate

5.9%

mortality multiplier(2)

67.8%

(1)    When a range of unobservable inputs is not readily available, the Company uses a single point best estimate.

(2)    Mortality multiplier is applied to the Annuity 2000 table.

(3)    Determined as a percentage of the risk-free rate.

The following table summarizes the ranges of actual experience and expected experience for mortality and lapses of LFPB:

						September 30, 2023
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life						Limited-Pay Whole Life						SPIA (life contingent)
Mortality
Actual experience						0.7		%				0.1% - 0.6%						1.7		%				0.1		%				N.M.
Expected experience						0.7		%				0.1% - 1.7%						1.6		%				0.3		%				N.M.
Lapses
Actual experience						3.6		%				5.3% - 7.3%						3.2		%				4.3		%				N.M.
Expected experience						4.7		%				5.7% - 32.2%						3.1		%				5.3		%				N.M.
						September 30, 2022
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life						Limited-Pay Whole Life						SPIA (life contingent)
Mortality
Actual experience						0.8		%				0.1% - 0.3%						1.6		%				0.2		%				N.M.
Expected experience						0.7		%				0.1% - 0.8%						1.4		%				0.2		%				N.M.
Lapses
Actual experience						3.1		%				5.6% - 63.0%						3.4		%				4.0		%				N.M.
Expected experience						5.8		%				6.6% - 7.3%						3.2		%				7.5		%				N.M.

Schedule of Policyholder Account Balance

The following tables summarize balances of and changes in policyholders' account balances:

($ in millions)						Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
						Indexed Universal Life						Experience Life						Fixed Account Annuities						Fixed Indexed Account Annuities						SPIA (non-life contingent)
Balance at July 1, 2023						$	52.0					$	63.0					$	4,563.5					$	481.2					$	33.5
Premiums received(1)						$	3.1					$	(0.1)					$	70.0					$	5.3					$	0.5
Surrenders and withdrawals(2)						(0.2)						(1.1)						(87.8)						(17.6)						—
Benefit payments(3)						—						(0.4)						(21.2)						(0.6)						(1.2)
Net transfers from (to) separate account						(0.3)						—						3.0						(3.1)						—
Interest credited(4)						0.7						0.8						40.8						3.0						0.3
Other						(0.6)						(0.1)						0.2						(0.2)						—
Balance at September 30, 2023						$	54.7					$	62.1					$	4,568.5					$	468.0					$	33.1
Weighted-average crediting rate						5.4		%				5.2		%				3.6		%				2.6		%				3.7		%
Net amount at risk(5)						$	—					$	—					$	53.9					$	—					$	—
Cash surrender value						$	37.7					$	61.4					$	4,512.3					$	456.8					$	32.9
($ in millions)						Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
						Indexed Universal Life						Experience Life						Fixed Account Annuities						Fixed Indexed Account Annuities						SPIA (non-life contingent)
Balance at July 1, 2022						$	42.6					$	65.4					$	4,573.7					$	518.2					$	36.3
Premiums received(1)						$	3.2					$	(0.2)					$	61.3					$	8.0					$	0.3
Surrenders and withdrawals(2)						(0.1)						(0.9)						(64.4)						(9.8)						—
Benefit payments(3)						—						(0.4)						(17.7)						(1.1)						(1.4)
Net transfers from (to) separate account						—						—						7.8						(0.7)						—
Interest credited(4)						—						0.9						39.2						0.1						0.2
Other						(0.9)						(0.1)						4.2						2.2						—
Balance at September 30, 2022						$	44.8					$	64.7					$	4,604.1					$	516.9					$	35.4
Weighted-average crediting rate						—		%				5.7		%				3.5		%				0.1		%				2.3		%
Net amount at risk(5)						$	—					$	—					$	110.2					$	—					$	—
Cash surrender value						$	29.0					$	64.0					$	4,546.5					$	501.7					$	35.0

(1) Premiums received represents premiums collected from policyholder during the period of in force business.

(2) Surrenders and withdrawals represent reductions to the policyholders' account balance due to policyholders surrendering the policy or withdrawing funds from the account balance.

(3) Benefit payments represent benefits due under contract that were paid to a policyholder during the periods.

(4) Interest credited represents interest earned and credited to policyholders' account balance during the periods.

(5) Net amount at risk represents guaranteed benefit amounts less current policyholders' account balance at the reporting date.

($ in millions)						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
						Indexed Universal Life						Experience Life						Fixed Account Annuities						Fixed Indexed Account Annuities						SPIA (non-life contingent)
Balance at January 1, 2023						$	47.6					$	64.3					$	4,591.1					$	510.3					$	34.4
Premiums received(1)						$	9.8					$	(0.5)					$	183.9					$	15.8					$	2.6
Surrenders and withdrawals(2)						(0.9)						(2.6)						(289.8)						(50.1)						(0.2)
Benefit payments(3)						—						(1.3)						(58.1)						(2.1)						(4.3)
Net transfers from (to) separate account						(0.5)						—						17.5						(6.4)						—
Interest credited(4)						0.9						2.3						120.7						3.9						0.8
Other						(2.2)						(0.1)						3.2						(3.4)						(0.2)
Balance at September 30, 2023						$	54.7					$	62.1					$	4,568.5					$	468.0					$	33.1
Weighted-average crediting rate						2.3		%				5.0		%				3.6		%				1.1		%				3.1		%
Net amount at risk(5)						$	—					$	—					$	53.9					$	—					$	—
Cash surrender value						$	37.7					$	61.4					$	4,512.3					$	456.8					$	32.9
($ in millions)						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
						Indexed Universal Life						Experience Life						Fixed Account Annuities						Fixed Indexed Account Annuities						SPIA (non-life contingent)
Balance at January 1, 2022						$	39.1					$	66.2					$	4,532.7					$	522.6					$	37.7
Premiums received(1)						$	7.9					$	(0.2)					$	156.0					$	25.4					$	1.7
Surrenders and withdrawals(2)						(0.7)						(2.4)						(184.2)						(30.1)						(0.4)
Benefit payments(3)						—						(1.2)						(50.6)						(2.9)						(4.4)
Net transfers from (to) separate account						—						—						34.6						(1.1)						—
Interest credited(4)						0.8						2.4						116.4						3.2						0.8
Other						(2.3)						(0.1)						(0.8)						(0.2)						—
Balance at September 30, 2022						$	44.8					$	64.7					$	4,604.1					$	516.9					$	35.4
Weighted-average crediting rate						2.7		%				5.0		%				3.5		%				0.8		%				3.0		%
Net amount at risk(5)						$	—					$	—					$	110.2					$	—					$	—
Cash surrender value						$	29.0					$	64.0					$	4,546.5					$	501.7					$	35.0

(1) Premiums received represents premiums collected from policyholder during the period of in force business.

(2) Surrenders and withdrawals represent reductions to the policyholders' account balance due to policyholders surrendering the policy or withdrawing funds from the account balance.

(3) Benefit payments represent benefits due under contract that were paid to a policyholder during the periods.

(4) Interest credited represents interest earned and credited to policyholders' account balance during the periods.

(5) Net amount at risk represents guaranteed benefit amounts less current policyholders' account balance at the reporting date.

The following table reconciles policyholders' account balances to the policyholders' account balance liability in the Consolidated Balances Sheets:

($ in millions)						September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Indexed universal life						$	54.7					$	47.6
Experience Life						62.1						64.3
Fixed account annuities						4,568.5						4,591.1
Fixed indexed account annuities						468.0						510.3
SPIA (non-life contingent)						33.1						34.4
Reconciling items(1)						17.6						12.9
Total						$	5,204.0					$	5,260.6

(1) Reconciling items primarily relate to FIA reserves net of account balances, miscellaneous fixed annuity reserves, personal promise accounts and MRBs.

Schedule of Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate

The following tables present the gross account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums:

($ in millions)						September 30, 2023
						At Guaranteed Minimum						1-50 Basis Points Above						51-150 Basis Points Above						Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above						Total(1)
Guaranteed minimum crediting rates:
Less than 2%						$	64.4					$	252.2					$	417.3					$	182.3					$	916.2
Equal to 2% but less than 3%						197.9						56.0						38.0						37.0						328.9
Equal to 3% but less than 4%						598.0						22.3						0.7						—						621.0
Equal to 4% but less than 5%						2,692.8						—						—						—						2,692.8
5% or higher						89.3						—						—						—						89.3
Total						$	3,642.4					$	330.5					$	456.0					$	219.3					$	4,648.2
($ in millions)						December 31, 2022
						At Guaranteed Minimum						1-50 Basis Points Above						51-150 Basis Points Above						Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above						Total(1)
Guaranteed minimum crediting rates:
Less than 2%						$	262.5					$	370.6					$	214.4					$	96.1					$	943.6
Equal to 2% but less than 3%						256.1						19.8						4.7						—						280.6
Equal to 3% but less than 4%						667.4						0.4						0.4						—						668.2
Equal to 4% but less than 5%						2,706.1						—						—						—						2,706.1
5% or higher						91.7						—						—						—						91.7
Total						$	3,983.8					$	390.8					$	219.5					$	96.1					$	4,690.2

(1) Excludes products not containing a fixed guaranteed minimum crediting rate.

Schedule of Separate Account, Liability

The following table presents the balances of and changes in the Separate Account variable annuity liabilities presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets(1):

($ in millions)						Retirement Services
						Variable Account Annuities
						September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Balance, beginning of year						$	2,792.3					$	3,441.0
Deposits						173.9						240.3
Withdrawals						(163.3)						(186.8)
Net transfers						(11.1)						(38.1)
Fees and charges						(28.0)						(36.8)
Market appreciation (depreciation)						215.6						(619.7)
Other						(5.4)						(7.6)
Balance, end of period						$	2,974.0					$	2,792.3

(1) The Separate Account variable annuity liabilities are backed by, and are equal to, the Separate Account variable annuity assets that represent contractholder funds invested in various actively traded mutual funds that have daily quoted net asset values that are readily determinable for identical assets that the Company can access.

Schedule of Market Risk Benefit, Activity

The following table summarizes the balance of and changes in the net liability position of MRBs on January 1, 2021 due to adoption of ASU 2018-12:

($ in millions)
Balance, end of year December 31, 2020						$	0.1
Adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value, except for the difference due to instrument-specific credit risk						6.8
Adjustment for cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk at issuance						1.7
Total adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value						8.5
Balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021						8.6
Less: Reinsurance recoverable						—
Balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance						$	8.6

The following table presents the balances of and changes in MRBs associated with deferred variable annuities as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

($ in millions)						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2023						2022						2023						2022
Balance, beginning of period									$	(3.6)											$	4.6								$	0.2					$	4.8
Balance, beginning of period, before effects of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk						(3.2)						4.2						—						2.0
Changes in market risk benefits(1)						(1.3)						(1.6)						(4.5)						0.6
Balance, end of period(2)						$	(4.5)					$	2.6					$	(4.5)					$	2.6
Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk						—						0.3						—						0.3
Balance, end of period						$	(4.5)					$	2.9					$	(4.5)					$	2.9
Net amount at risk(3)						$	37.6					$	79.9					$	37.6					$	79.9
Weighted-average attained age of contract holders						63						63						63						63

(1) Reflects interest accruals and effect of changes in interest rates, equity markets, equity index volatility and future assumptions.

(2) Balance, end of period, before the effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk.

(3) Net amount at risk represents the current guaranteed benefit less current account balance at the reporting date.

The following table presents MRBs by amounts in an asset position and amounts in a liability position. The net liabilities (assets) are included in Policyholders' account balances presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

($ in millions)						As of September 30, 2023																		As of December 31, 2022
						(Asset)						Liability						Net						(Asset)						Liability						Net
Deferred variable annuities						$	(6.4)					$	1.9					$	(4.5)					$	(4.4)					$	4.7					$	0.3

Schedule of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

The following table summarizes the balance of and changes in DAC on January 1, 2021 due to adoption of ASU 2018-12:

($ in millions)
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Indexed Universal Life						Supplemental Health						Total Annuities
Balance, end of year December 31, 2020						$	17.8					$	25.6					$	2.6					$	4.4					$	11.3					$	4.3					$	137.7
Adjustment for removal of related balances in AOCI						—						—						3.6						—						1.6						—						85.4
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021						$	17.8					$	25.6					$	6.2					$	4.4					$	12.9					$	4.3					$	223.1

DAC and Deferred Sales Inducements

The following tables roll-forward DAC for the periods indicated:

($ in millions)						Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Indexed Universal Life						Supplemental Health						Total Annuities
Balance, beginning of period						$	21.6					$	31.4					$	5.7					$	7.0					$	16.1					$	7.0					$	217.2
Capitalizations						0.7						1.5						0.1						0.4						0.6						0.7						3.7
Amortization expense						(0.3)						(0.8)						(0.1)						(0.1)						(0.2)						(0.2)						(3.6)
Experience adjustment						(0.1)						(0.1)						—						(0.1)						(0.1)						—						(2.3)
Balance, end of period						$	21.9					$	32.0					$	5.7					$	7.2					$	16.4					$	7.5					$	215.0
($ in millions)						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Indexed Universal Life						Supplemental Health						Total Annuities
Balance, beginning of period						$	20.9					$	30.0					$	5.8					$	6.7					$	15.4					$	6.2					$	221.1
Capitalizations						2.0						4.3						0.2						0.9						1.8						2.0						11.4
Amortization expense						(0.9)						(2.2)						(0.3)						(0.3)						(0.7)						(0.5)						(11.0)
Experience adjustment						(0.1)						(0.1)						—						(0.1)						(0.1)						(0.2)						(6.5)
Balance, end of period						$	21.9					$	32.0					$	5.7					$	7.2					$	16.4					$	7.5					$	215.0
($ in millions)						Year Ended December 31, 2022
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Indexed Universal Life						Supplemental Health						Total Annuities
Balance, beginning of year						$	19.1					$	27.5					$	6.0					$	5.6					$	13.7					$	4.9					$	223.3
Capitalizations						3.0						5.0						0.2						1.4						2.5						1.8						15.5
Amortization expense						(1.2)						(2.5)						(0.4)						(0.3)						(0.8)						(0.5)						(15.8)
Experience adjustment						—						—						—						—						—						—						(1.9)
Balance, end of year						$	20.9					$	30.0					$	5.8					$	6.7					$	15.4					$	6.2					$	221.1
($ in millions)						Year Ended December 31, 2021
						Whole Life						Term Life						Experience Life						Limited-Pay Whole Life						Indexed Universal Life						Supplemental Health						Total Annuities
Balance, end of year December 31, 2020						$	17.8					$	25.6					$	2.6					$	4.4					$	11.3					$	4.3					$	137.7
Adjustment for removal of related balances in AOCI						—						—						3.6						—						1.6						—						85.4
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021						$	17.8					$	25.6					$	6.2					$	4.4					$	12.9					$	4.3					$	223.1
Capitalizations						2.4						4.2						0.2						1.5						1.7						1.1						17.3
Amortization expense						(1.1)						(2.3)						(0.4)						(0.3)						(0.8)						(0.5)						(16.0)
Experience adjustment						—						—						—						—						(0.1)						—						(1.1)
Balance, end of year December 31, 2021						$	19.1					$	27.5					$	6.0					$	5.6					$	13.7					$	4.9					$	223.3

The following table presents a reconciliation of DAC to the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

($ in millions)						September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Whole life						$	21.9					$	20.9
Term life						32.0						30.0
Experience life						5.7						5.8
Limited pay whole life						7.2						6.7
Indexed universal life						16.4						15.4
Supplemental health						7.5						6.2
Total annuities						215.0						221.1
Reconciling item(1)						29.2						24.5
Total						$	334.9					$	330.6

(1) Reconciling item relates to DAC associated with the Property & Casualty reporting segment.

Schedule of Deferred Sale Inducement Cost

The following table rolls-forward the deferred sales inducements balance as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

($ in millions)						Three Months Ended September 30, 2023						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period						$	14.9					$	15.9
Capitalizations						—						—
Amortization expense						(0.2)						(0.8)
Experience adjustment						(0.2)						(0.6)
Balance, end of period						$	14.5					$	14.5

X

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the movement in deferred policy acquisition costs.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (g)(1)
-Publisher FASB
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