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Short-Duration Insurance Contracts (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract] |
Schedule of Reconciliation of Property and Casualty Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses | The following table is a summary reconciliation of the beginning and ending Property & Casualty unpaid claims and claim expense reserves for the periods indicated. The table presents reserves on both a gross and net (after reinsurance) basis. The total net Property & Casualty insurance claims and claim expense incurred amounts are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The end of the year gross reserve (before reinsurance balances and reinsurance recoverable balances) are reflected on a gross basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
($ in millions) |  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Property & Casualty |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross reserves, beginning of year |  | $ | 388.7 |  |  | $ | 362.4 |  |  | $ | 372.2 |
Less: reinsurance recoverables |  | 100.8 |  |  | 110.3 |  |  | 112.9 |
Net reserves, beginning of year(1) |  | 287.9 |  |  | 252.1 |  |  | 259.3 |
Incurred claims and claim expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |
Claims occurring in the current year |  | 557.0 |  |  | 512.3 |  |  | 455.1 |
Increase (decrease) in estimated reserves for claims occurring in prior years(2) |  | — |  |  | 22.0 |  |  | (7.2) |
Total claims and claim expenses incurred |  | 557.0 |  |  | 534.3 |  |  | 447.9 |
Claims and claim expense payments for claims occurring during: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current year |  | 353.1 |  |  | 320.0 |  |  | 307.1 |
Prior years |  | 179.0 |  |  | 178.5 |  |  | 148.0 |
Total claims and claim expense payments |  | 532.1 |  |  | 498.5 |  |  | 455.1 |
Net reserves, end of year |  | 312.8 |  |  | 287.9 |  |  | 252.1 |
Plus: reinsurance recoverables |  | 104.0 |  |  | 100.8 |  |  | 110.3 |
Gross reserves, end of year |  | $ | 416.8 |  |  | $ | 388.7 |  |  | $ | 362.4 |
(1) Reserves are net of anticipated reinsurance recoverables. (2) Shows the amounts by which the Company increased (decreased) its reserves in each of the periods indicated for claims occurring in previous periods to reflect subsequent information on such claims and changes in their projected final settlement costs. Also, refer to the paragraphs below for additional information regarding prior years' reserve development recognized in 2023, 2022 and 2021. The following table is a summary reconciliation of the beginning and ending Group Benefits unpaid claims and claim expense reserves for the year ended December 31, 2023 (2022 recast for adoption of LDTI). The table presents reserves on both a gross and net (after reinsurance). The total net Group Benefits insurance claims and claim expense incurred amounts are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The end of the year gross reserve (before reinsurance balances and reinsurance recoverable balances) are reflected on a gross basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
($ in millions) |  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Group Benefits |  |  |  |
Gross reserves, beginning of year |  | $ | 121.6 |  |  | $ | 125.4 |
Less: reinsurance recoverables |  | 27.9 |  |  | 28.5 |
Net reserves, beginning of year(1) |  | 93.7 |  |  | 96.9 |
Incurred claims and claim expenses: |  |  |  |
Claims occurring in the current year |  | 73.6 |  |  | 77.7 |
Increase (decrease) in estimated reserves for claims occurring in prior years(2) |  | (13.9) |  |  | (10.9) |
Total claims and claim expenses incurred |  | 59.7 |  |  | 66.8 |
Claims and claim expense payments for claims occurring during: |  |  |  |
Current year |  | 33.8 |  |  | 35.0 |
Prior years |  | 30.7 |  |  | 35.0 |
Total claims and claim expense payments |  | 64.5 |  |  | 70.0 |
Net reserves, end of year |  | 88.9 |  |  | 93.7 |
Plus: reinsurance recoverables |  | 27.7 |  |  | 27.9 |
Gross reserves, end of year |  | $ | 116.6 |  |  | $ | 121.6 |
(1) Reserves are net of anticipated reinsurance recoverables. (2) Shows the amounts by which the Company increased (decreased) its reserves for claims occurring in previous periods to reflect subsequent information on such claims and changes in their projected final settlement costs. Also, refer to the paragraphs below for additional information regarding prior years' reserve development recognized in 2023.
Schedule of Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Also Referred to as a History of Claims Duration | Below is the average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, also referred to as a history of claims duration:
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance
Years |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 9 |  | 10
Homeowners |  | 78.8 | % |  | 18.1 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | 0.3 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | —
Auto liability |  | 37.1 | % |  | 35.1 | % |  | 14.7 | % |  | 6.9 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | 0.6 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | 0.4 | % |  | —
Auto physical damage |  | 94.7 | % |  | 5.3 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Below is the average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age for Group Benefits, also referred to as a history of claims duration:
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance
Years |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 9 |  | 10
Specialty health |  | 74.1 | % |  | 24.5 | % |  | 0.9 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Group disability |  | 29.3 | % |  | 32.4 | % |  | 9.7 | % |  | 4.0 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 3.1 | % |  | 3.0 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  | 1.8 | %
The information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2014 to 2022 is presented as unaudited supplementary information.
($ in millions)
Specialty Health |  |
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |  |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  | As of December 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total of Incurred- But-Not-Reported Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims |  | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Actual)
2014 |  | $ | 59.6 |  |  | $ | 56.3 |  |  | $ | 55.9 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 337,987 |
2015 |  |  |  | 33.3 |  |  | 30.9 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 183,433 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 11.2 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,274 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 63,492 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.9 |  |  | 13.2 |  |  | 13.0 |  |  | 12.7 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 95,218 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,754 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,609 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22.8 |  |  | 17.7 |  |  | 16.1 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 72,407 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22.6 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 120,965 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16.0 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 79,654 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 185.0 |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  |  |  |
Specialty Health |  |  |  |
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |  |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
2014 |  | $ | 43.4 |  |  | $ | 54.9 |  |  | $ | 55.4 |  |  | $ | 55.7 |  |  | $ | 55.9 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  |  | 24.9 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  |  |  |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  |  |  |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  |  |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  |  |  |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 12.9 |  |  | 13.7 |  |  |  |  |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 16.7 |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | 174.1 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Outstanding prior to 2014 |  | — |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Prior years paid |  | — |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance |  | $ | 10.9 |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions)
Group Disability |  |
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |  |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  | As of December 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total of Incurred- But-Not-Reported Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims |  | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Actual)
2014 |  | $ | 16.3 |  |  | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | 14.8 |  |  | $ | 14.4 |  |  | $ | 14.3 |  |  | $ | 14.5 |  |  | $ | 14.7 |  |  | $ | 14.3 |  |  | $ | 14.6 |  |  | $ | 14.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 2,863 |
2015 |  |  |  | 25.3 |  |  | 19.2 |  |  | 16.6 |  |  | 14.7 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | 14.7 |  |  | 14.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,347 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 28.5 |  |  | 28.6 |  |  | 27.4 |  |  | 26.0 |  |  | 26.3 |  |  | 26.8 |  |  | 28.1 |  |  | 28.1 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 3,618 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29.9 |  |  | 26.0 |  |  | 22.9 |  |  | 22.4 |  |  | 23.3 |  |  | 24.0 |  |  | 23.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 3,904 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29.8 |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | 23.2 |  |  | 22.7 |  |  | 23.3 |  |  | 23.6 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 4,171 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34.5 |  |  | 33.5 |  |  | 30.2 |  |  | 29.9 |  |  | 30.2 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 4,549 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36.7 |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | 34.1 |  |  | 33.2 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 4,343 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37.8 |  |  | 41.3 |  |  | 41.3 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 5,109 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39.2 |  |  | 32.0 |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | 4,349 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40.3 |  |  | 13.2 |  |  | 3,510 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 280.8 |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  |  |  |
Group Disability |  |  |  |
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |  |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
2014 |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | 9.9 |  |  | $ | 10.6 |  |  | $ | 11.1 |  |  | $ | 11.7 |  |  | $ | 12.1 |  |  | $ | 12.4 |  |  | $ | 12.7 |  |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 16.6 |  |  | 17.2 |  |  | 17.6 |  |  | 18.1 |  |  | 18.6 |  |  | 18.9 |  |  | 19.1 |  |  |  |  |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 16.4 |  |  | 19.3 |  |  | 20.3 |  |  | 21.1 |  |  | 21.8 |  |  | 22.4 |  |  | 22.9 |  |  |  |  |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 16.1 |  |  | 17.9 |  |  | 18.3 |  |  | 18.9 |  |  | 19.4 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 16.1 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | 18.9 |  |  | 19.6 |  |  | 20.1 |  |  |  |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11.8 |  |  | 22.8 |  |  | 24.3 |  |  | 24.7 |  |  | 25.2 |  |  |  |  |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.4 |  |  | 22.7 |  |  | 25.5 |  |  | 26.4 |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11.8 |  |  | 24.0 |  |  | 26.7 |  |  |  |  |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11.7 |  |  | 21.4 |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.2 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | 206.6 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Outstanding prior to 2014 |  | 9.0 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Prior years paid |  | 100.3 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance |  | $ | 83.2 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Effect of discounting | (14.0) |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Discounted net reserves |  | $ | 69.2 |  |  |  |  |
Schedule of Short-Duration Insurance Contracts, Claims Development | The following tables illustrate the incurred and paid claims development by accident year on a net basis for the lines of homeowners, auto liability and auto physical damage. Conditions and trends that have affected the development of these reserves in the past will not necessarily reoccur in the future. It may not be appropriate to use this cumulative history in the projection of future performance. The information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2014 to 2022 is presented as unaudited supplementary information.
($ in millions)
Homeowners |  |
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |  |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  | As of December 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total of Incurred- But-Not-Reported Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims |  | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Actual)
2014 |  | $ | 111.6 |  |  | $ | 113.5 |  |  | $ | 109.1 |  |  | $ | 106.8 |  |  | $ | 106.6 |  |  | $ | 106.6 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 19,777 |
2015 |  |  |  | 111.7 |  |  | 115.1 |  |  | 114.4 |  |  | 114.1 |  |  | 115.1 |  |  | 114.9 |  |  | 114.9 |  |  | 114.9 |  |  | 114.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,745 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 115.9 |  |  | 118.6 |  |  | 117.0 |  |  | 117.9 |  |  | 117.9 |  |  | 117.9 |  |  | 118.1 |  |  | 118.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,662 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 126.3 |  |  | 129.8 |  |  | 132.7 |  |  | 130.7 |  |  | 130.8 |  |  | 130.8 |  |  | 131.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 19,741 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 166.8 |  |  | 157.4 |  |  | 158.9 |  |  | 158.1 |  |  | 157.2 |  |  | 156.0 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 20,296 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 130.4 |  |  | 129.9 |  |  | 132.1 |  |  | 130.9 |  |  | 131.1 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 18,114 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 155.7 |  |  | 151.9 |  |  | 145.4 |  |  | 146.9 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 18,906 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 150.2 |  |  | 150.7 |  |  | 154.3 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 18,056 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 162.2 |  |  | 156.2 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 15,036 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 183.1 |  |  | 38.8 |  |  | 14,655 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 1,398.3 |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  |  |  |
Homeowners |  |  |  |
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |  |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
2014 |  | $ | 83.3 |  |  | $ | 103.0 |  |  | $ | 105.7 |  |  | $ | 106.1 |  |  | $ | 106.3 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  |  | 90.7 |  |  | 109.3 |  |  | 111.9 |  |  | 113.3 |  |  | 114.6 |  |  | 114.9 |  |  | 114.7 |  |  | 114.7 |  |  | 114.9 |  |  |  |  |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 95.8 |  |  | 113.2 |  |  | 115.1 |  |  | 117.5 |  |  | 117.7 |  |  | 117.8 |  |  | 118.0 |  |  | 118.1 |  |  |  |  |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106.8 |  |  | 128.5 |  |  | 129.8 |  |  | 130.0 |  |  | 130.5 |  |  | 130.7 |  |  | 131.2 |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 130.5 |  |  | 152.4 |  |  | 157.0 |  |  | 157.4 |  |  | 157.2 |  |  | 156.2 |  |  |  |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 103.8 |  |  | 126.2 |  |  | 129.1 |  |  | 130.0 |  |  | 130.4 |  |  |  |  |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106.8 |  |  | 138.7 |  |  | 144.0 |  |  | 145.6 |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 114.9 |  |  | 146.3 |  |  | 151.0 |  |  |  |  |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 108.3 |  |  | 144.8 |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 126.3 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | 1,324.9 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Outstanding prior to 2013 |  | — |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Prior years paid |  | — |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance |  | $ | 73.4 |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions)
Automobile Liability |  |
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  | As of December 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total of Incurred- But-Not-Reported Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims |  | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Actual)
2014 |  | $ | 155.1 |  |  | $ | 157.2 |  |  | $ | 158.5 |  |  | $ | 159.9 |  |  | $ | 159.8 |  |  | $ | 159.4 |  |  | $ | 159.3 |  |  | $ | 159.4 |  |  | $ | 160.0 |  |  | $ | 160.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 64,648 |
2015 |  |  |  | 165.5 |  |  | 172.6 |  |  | 177.0 |  |  | 178.3 |  |  | 178.7 |  |  | 179.2 |  |  | 178.9 |  |  | 178.8 |  |  | 178.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 68,626 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 180.4 |  |  | 184.4 |  |  | 184.6 |  |  | 186.6 |  |  | 188.1 |  |  | 189.2 |  |  | 189.6 |  |  | 189.5 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 70,684 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 188.0 |  |  | 188.8 |  |  | 188.6 |  |  | 189.1 |  |  | 191.7 |  |  | 192.9 |  |  | 192.5 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 68,371 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 200.3 |  |  | 195.3 |  |  | 192.9 |  |  | 189.8 |  |  | 192.0 |  |  | 192.3 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 35,394 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 181.1 |  |  | 180.1 |  |  | 176.7 |  |  | 181.5 |  |  | 181.2 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 61,879 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 137.0 |  |  | 134.9 |  |  | 136.3 |  |  | 137.3 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 46,934 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 142.2 |  |  | 157.8 |  |  | 156.7 |  |  | 11.5 |  |  | 45,005 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 165.6 |  |  | 166.1 |  |  | 26.9 |  |  | 46,104 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 176.4 |  |  | 70.0 |  |  | 42,198 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 1,731.0 |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  |  |  |
Automobile Liability |  |  |  |
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |  |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
2014 |  | $ | 61.3 |  |  | $ | 117.5 |  |  | $ | 139.5 |  |  | $ | 149.1 |  |  | $ | 155.8 |  |  | $ | 157.6 |  |  | $ | 158.6 |  |  | $ | 158.8 |  |  | $ | 160.0 |  |  | $ | 160.0 |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  |  | 70.8 |  |  | 134.5 |  |  | 158.0 |  |  | 170.1 |  |  | 174.5 |  |  | 176.7 |  |  | 177.7 |  |  | 178.3 |  |  | 178.6 |  |  |  |  |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 73.1 |  |  | 140.9 |  |  | 166.8 |  |  | 177.8 |  |  | 184.5 |  |  | 188.1 |  |  | 189.0 |  |  | 189.4 |  |  |  |  |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70.7 |  |  | 139.5 |  |  | 166.6 |  |  | 179.8 |  |  | 185.8 |  |  | 190.8 |  |  | 191.8 |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77.5 |  |  | 141.5 |  |  | 168.6 |  |  | 180.7 |  |  | 188.0 |  |  | 190.6 |  |  |  |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 69.7 |  |  | 129.1 |  |  | 155.5 |  |  | 170.9 |  |  | 176.2 |  |  |  |  |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51.5 |  |  | 94.0 |  |  | 118.2 |  |  | 129.2 |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52.9 |  |  | 112.5 |  |  | 136.5 |  |  |  |  |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55.8 |  |  | 116.7 |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62.2 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | 1,531.2 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Outstanding prior to 2013 |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Prior years paid |  | — |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance |  | $ | 200.9 |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions)
Automobile Physical Damage |  |
Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  | As of December 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total of Incurred- But-Not-Reported Liabilities Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims |  | Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Actual)
2014 |  | $ | 95.6 |  |  | $ | 95.6 |  |  | $ | 95.4 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 68,139 |
2015 |  |  |  | 99.3 |  |  | 98.0 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.5 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 70,685 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 112.4 |  |  | 109.5 |  |  | 109.3 |  |  | 109.6 |  |  | 109.6 |  |  | 109.5 |  |  | 109.5 |  |  | 109.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 74,209 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 115.5 |  |  | 111.8 |  |  | 110.5 |  |  | 110.6 |  |  | 110.5 |  |  | 110.6 |  |  | 110.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,998 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 109.0 |  |  | 108.9 |  |  | 108.3 |  |  | 108.3 |  |  | 108.2 |  |  | 108.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,833 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 111.6 |  |  | 110.5 |  |  | 110.0 |  |  | 110.0 |  |  | 109.9 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 73,128 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87.0 |  |  | 86.9 |  |  | 87.1 |  |  | 87.0 |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | 62,044 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 105.0 |  |  | 105.7 |  |  | 105.1 |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 58,080 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 125.7 |  |  | 125.5 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 59,353 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 132.4 |  |  | (6.0) |  |  | 58,167 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 1,081.2 |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  |  |  |
Automobile Physical Damage |  |  |  |
Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net of Reinsurance |  |  |  |
Years Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
Accident |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  | Unaudited |  |  |  |  |  |
Year |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
2014 |  | $ | 88.9 |  |  | $ | 95.4 |  |  | $ | 95.3 |  |  | $ | 95.3 |  |  | $ | 95.3 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  | $ | 95.2 |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  |  | 92.1 |  |  | 97.9 |  |  | 97.7 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  | 97.6 |  |  |  |  |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  | 106.5 |  |  | 109.7 |  |  | 109.5 |  |  | 109.6 |  |  | 109.6 |  |  | 109.6 |  |  | 109.5 |  |  | 109.5 |  |  |  |  |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 105.2 |  |  | 110.8 |  |  | 110.7 |  |  | 110.6 |  |  | 110.6 |  |  | 110.6 |  |  | 110.6 |  |  |  |  |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 103.6 |  |  | 109.1 |  |  | 108.3 |  |  | 108.3 |  |  | 108.2 |  |  | 108.2 |  |  |  |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106.2 |  |  | 110.7 |  |  | 110.1 |  |  | 110.1 |  |  | 110.1 |  |  |  |  |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84.1 |  |  | 87.6 |  |  | 87.4 |  |  | 87.3 |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97.3 |  |  | 105.8 |  |  | 105.4 |  |  |  |  |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 114.6 |  |  | 124.3 |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 122.0 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | 1,070.2 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Outstanding prior to 2013 |  | — |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Prior years paid |  | — |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance |  | $ | 11.0 |  |  |  |  |
Schedule of Reconciliation of the Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development Tables to the Liability for Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses | Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development Tables for Property & Casualty and Group Benefits to Unpaid Claims and Claim Expense Reserves in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (2022 recast for the adoption of LDTI)
($ in millions) | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Property & Casualty and Group Benefits |  |  |  |
Net reserves |  |  |  |
Homeowners |  | $ | 73.4 |  |  | $ | 61.0 |
Auto liability |  | 200.9 |  | 192.5 |
Auto physical damage |  | 11.0 |  | 10.6 |
Specialty health |  | 10.9 |  | 16.9 |
Group disability |  | 83.2 |  | 69.0 |
Other than short duration lines |  | 11.0 |  | 10.5 |
Total net reserves for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance |  | 390.4 |  |  | 360.5 |
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims |  |  |  |
Homeowners |  | 2.2 |  |  | (4.4) |
Auto liability |  | 96.6 |  | 97.6 |
Specialty health |  | 0.2 |  | 0.2 |
Group disability |  | 25.0 |  | 25.6 |
Other short duration lines |  | 14.9 |  | 20.0 |
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims |  | 138.9 |  |  | 139.0 |
Insurance lines other than short duration(1) |  | 41.1 |  | 43.5 |
Unallocated claims adjustment expenses |  | 11.3 |  | 21.0 |
Total other than short duration and unallocated claims adjustment expenses |  | 52.4 |  |  | 64.5 |
Gross reserves, end of year(1) |  | $ | 581.7 |  |  | $ | 564.0 |
(1) This line includes Life & Retirement and Supplemental reserves included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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