<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-19-031586.txt : 20190208
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-19-031586.hdr.sgml : 20190208
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20190208082618
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-19-031586
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	424B3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		2
FILED AS OF DATE:		20190208
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20190208

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000821483
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS [1311]
		IRS NUMBER:				841060803
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		424B3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-228933
		FILM NUMBER:		19577723

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		825 TOWN & COUNTRY LANE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 1500
		CITY:			HOUSTON
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77024
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(281) 899-4800

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		825 TOWN & COUNTRY LANE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 1500
		CITY:			HOUSTON
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77024

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PAR PETROLEUM CORP/CO
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20120907

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DELTA PETROLEUM CORP/CO
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>424B3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>d676629d424b3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>424B3
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<TITLE>424B3</TITLE>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)<BR>Registration No. 333-228933<BR> </P>
<p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>PROSPECTUS </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


<IMG SRC="g676629g83y57.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>1,108,202 Shares of Common Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus relates to the offer and resale by the selling security holder identified in this prospectus of 1,108,202 shares of our common
stock (the &#147;Consideration Shares&#148;). The Consideration Shares were issued to the security holder as partial consideration for our acquisition of the equity interests in Eagle Island, LLC in a private placement transaction in reliance upon
an exemption from registration pursuant to Section&nbsp;4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#147;Securities Act&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The selling security holder identified in this prospectus (which term as used in this prospectus includes its respective pledges, donees,
transferees or other <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">successors-in-interest)</FONT></FONT> may offer this common stock from time to time through public or private transactions at prevailing market prices, at prices
related to prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Although we will incur expenses in connection with the
registration of the securities, we will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock by the selling security holder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>In order to avoid an &#147;ownership change&#148; for federal income tax purposes, our certificate of incorporation prohibits any person
from becoming a holder of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock, and restricts the ability of any holder of 5% or more of our common stock from disposing of or acquiring shares of our common stock without our consent, except under limited
circumstances. Consequently, there are limitations on the acquisition of shares of common stock as described in this prospectus. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our
common stock is quoted on the New York Stock Exchange (the &#147;NYSE&#148;) under the symbol &#147;PARR.&#148; The last reported sale price of our common stock on February&nbsp;6, 2019 was $16.50 per share. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>AN INVESTMENT IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES RISK. YOU SHOULD CONSIDER CAREFULLY THE <A HREF="#toc676629_2">RISK FACTORS</A> BEGINNING ON
PAGE&nbsp;5 OF THIS PROSPECTUS BEFORE PURCHASING SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor
any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>The date of this prospectus is February 7, 2019 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR>
<TD WIDTH="95%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Page</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_1">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_2">RISK FACTORS</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_3">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">10</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_4">USE OF PROCEEDS</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_5">SELLING SECURITY HOLDERS</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">12</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_6">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">13</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_7">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">15</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_8">LEGAL MATTERS</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">23</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_9">EXPERTS</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">23</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_10">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">23</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><A HREF="#toc676629_11">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE</A></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">24</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:24pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">i </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>About this Prospectus </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus forms a part of a registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> that we filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &#147;SEC&#148;). The selling security holder may sell from time to time the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. Each time the selling security holder sells securities, the selling security
holder may be required to provide you with this prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by
reference into this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. The selling security holder is offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of common stock only in jurisdictions where
offers and sales are permitted. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and
uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Please read &#147;Risk Factors&#148; and &#147;Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.&#148; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Industry and Market Data </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The market data and certain other statistical information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus are based on
independent industry publications, government publications or other published independent sources. Although we believe these third-party sources are reliable and that the information is accurate and complete, we have not independently verified the
information nor have we ascertained the underlying economic or operational assumptions relied upon therein. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">1 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_1"></A>PROSPECTUS SUMMARY </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This summary does
not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks discussed under &#147;Risk Factors&#148; beginning on page&nbsp;5 of this
prospectus, &#147;Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements&#148; beginning on page&nbsp;10 and the other information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, which are described under &#147;Incorporation of Certain Documents by
Reference&#148; beginning on page&nbsp;24, before making an investment decision. </I></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>In this prospectus, unless the context otherwise
requires, the terms &#147;we,&#148; &#147;us,&#148; &#147;our,&#148; the &#147;company&#148; and &#147;Par&#148; refer to Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>The Company </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We own, manage and maintain
interests in energy and infrastructure businesses. Our strategy is to identify, acquire and operate energy and infrastructure companies with attractive competitive positions. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our business is organized into three primary operating segments: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><B>Refining</B>&#151;Our refineries in Kapolei, Hawaii, produce <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">ultra-low</FONT>
sulfur diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, marine fuel, low sulfur fuel oil, and other associated refined products primarily for consumption in Hawaii. Our refinery in Newcastle, Wyoming, produces gasoline, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">ultra-low</FONT>
sulfur diesel, jet fuel, and other associated refined products that are primarily marketed in Wyoming and South Dakota. Our refinery in Tacoma, Washington produces distillate, gasoline, asphalt and other associated refined products primarily
marketed to the Pacific and West Coast markets. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><B>Retail</B>&#151;Our retail outlets in Hawaii sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise throughout the
islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, and Kauai. Our Hawaii retail network includes Hele and &#147;76&#148; branded retail sites, company-operated convenience stores, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">7-Eleven</FONT> operated convenience stores, other sites
operated by third parties, and unattended cardlock stations. We recently completed the rebranding of 24 of our 34 company-operated convenience stores in Hawaii to &#147;nomnom,&#148; a new proprietary brand. Our retail outlets in Washington and
Idaho sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise and operate under the &#147;Cenex<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>&#148; and &#147;Zip Trip<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>&#148;
brand&nbsp;names. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><B>Logistics</B>&#151;We own and operate terminals, pipelines, a single-point mooring (&#147;SPM&#148;), and
trucking operations to distribute refined products throughout the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, Molokai, and Kauai. We also own and operate a crude oil pipeline gathering system, a refined products pipeline, storage facilities, and loading racks in
Wyoming and a jet fuel storage facility and pipeline that serve Ellsworth Air Force Base in South Dakota. In addition, in Washington, we own and operate a marine terminal, a unit train-capable rail loading terminal, storage facilities, a truck rack,
and a proprietary pipeline that serves McChord Air Base. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We also own a 46.0% equity investment in Laramie Energy, LLC
(&#147;Laramie Energy&#148;), a joint venture entity focused on producing natural gas in Garfield, Mesa and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado. We are not required to make any additional capital contributions to Laramie Energy. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our refining, retail, and logistics segments were established through the acquisitions of Par Hawaii Refining, LLC (&#147;PHR,&#148; formerly
Hawaii Independent Energy, LLC) and Par Hawaii, Inc. (&#147;PHI,&#148; formerly Koko&#146;oha Investments, Inc.), which owns 100% of the outstanding membership interests of Mid Pac Petroleum, LLC (&#147;Mid Pac&#148;). PHR was acquired from Andeavor
(formerly Tesoro Corporation) on September&nbsp;25,&nbsp;2013 for approximately $75&nbsp;million in cash, plus net working capital and inventories, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">earn-out</FONT> payments of $27.3&nbsp;million, and the funding of
certain <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">start-up</FONT> expenses and overhaul costs prior to closing. PHI was acquired on April&nbsp;1, 2015 for cash consideration of approximately&nbsp;$74.4&nbsp;million and the assumption of $45.3&nbsp;million of
debt. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On July&nbsp;14, 2016, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding units representing the
membership interests in Hermes Consolidated, LLC (d/b/a Wyoming Refining Company) and indirectly Wyoming Refining Company&#146;s wholly-owned subsidiary, Wyoming Pipeline Company, LLC (collectively, &#147;Wyoming Refining&#148; or &#147;WRC&#148;)
(the &#147;WRC Acquisition&#148;). We paid cash consideration of $209.4&nbsp;million and assumed debt consisting of term loans of $58.0&nbsp;million and revolving loans of $10.1&nbsp;million. The results of operations of Wyoming Refining are
included in our refining and logistics segments effective July&nbsp;14, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On March&nbsp;23, 2018, we
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">acquired&nbsp;twenty-one</FONT> (21)&nbsp;and twelve (12)&nbsp;leased retail gasoline, convenience store facilities, all at various locations in Washington and Idaho (collectively, the &#147;Northwest Retail
Properties&#148;). The Northwest Retail Properties operate under the &#147;Cenex<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>&#148; and &#147;Zip Trip<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>&#148; brand names. We
acquired the Northwest Retail Properties for a purchase price of $70&nbsp;million, plus the value of certain inventory at closing. In connection with the closing of the Northwest Retail Properties acquisition, the parties and their respective
affiliates entered into a number of ancillary agreements, including a multi-year branded petroleum marketing agreement for the continued supply of Cenex-branded refined products by CHS Inc. to the Northwest Retail Properties and a multi-year supply
agreement pursuant to which we supply refined products to CHS Inc. within the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest markets. The acquired stations represent the second largest branded retail position in Spokane. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On December&nbsp;19, 2018, pursuant to the terms of a Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, dated as of August&nbsp;29, 2018 (the &#147;Topping
Unit Purchase Agreement&#148;), among PHR, IES Downstream, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (&#147;IES&#148;), Eagle Island, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which was subsequently merged with and into PHR (&#147;Eagle&#148;), and,
solely for certain purposes specified in the Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, us (the &#147;Topping Unit Acquisition&#148;), PHR acquired all of the limited liability company interests of Eagle, the owner of certain refining units and related assets
located near our original refinery in Kapolei, Hawaii (the &#147;Topping Units&#148;).&nbsp;The purchase price for the Topping Unit Acquisition was $45&nbsp;million, payable with $30&nbsp;million in cash and 860,502 of the Consideration
Shares.&nbsp;The purchase price will be adjusted by the value of hydrocarbon and certain nonhydrocarbon inventory and for certain prorated expenses related to the ownership of the Topping Units as of the closing date, with the initial adjustment for
the nonhydrocarbon inventory paid for by the issuance of 247,700 of the Consideration Shares.&nbsp;We financed the cash portion of the purchase price for the Topping Unit Acquisition with cash on hand and financed working capital under our existing
supply and offtake agreements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On January&nbsp;11, 2019, pursuant to the terms of a purchase and sale agreement, dated as of
November&nbsp;26, 2018 (the &#147;USOR Purchase Agreement&#148; and, together with the Topping Unit Purchase Agreement, the &#147;Acquisition Agreements&#148;) between our subsidiary Par Petroleum, LLC (&#147;Par Petroleum&#148;) and TrailStone NA
Oil&nbsp;&amp; Refining Holdings, LLC (the &#147;Trailstone Seller&#148;), Par Petroleum acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interests in TrailStone NA Asset Finance I, LLC, which was subsequently renamed Par Tacoma, LLC
(&#147;Trailstone&#148;), from Trailstone Seller (the &#147;USOR Acquisition&#148; and together with the Topping Unit Acquisition, the &#147;Acquisitions&#148;). TrailStone owns U.S. Oil&nbsp;&amp; Refining Co. (&#147;USOR&#148;). The USOR
Acquisition includes a 42,000 bpd refinery, a marine terminal, a unit train-capable rail loading terminal, and 2.9 MMbbls of refined product and crude oil storage, which refinery and associated logistics assets are located in Tacoma, Washington (the
&#147;Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business&#148;). The purchase price for the USOR Acquisition was $358&nbsp;million, payable with approximately $321&nbsp;million in cash and 2,363,776 shares of our common stock. The purchase price will
be adjusted by net working capital, the value of hydrocarbon inventory, reimbursable capital expenditures, closing indebtedness and transaction expenses. We financed the cash portion of the purchase price with cash on hand, debt financing with Bank
of Hawaii and a $250.0&nbsp;million senior secured term loan facility with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as sole lead arranger, sole bookrunner, sole syndication agent and as a lender thereunder. USOR was a party to an intermediation arrangement (the
&#147;USOR Intermediation Agreement&#148;) that was amended and remained in place at the closing of the USOR Acquisition. </P>
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The USOR Intermediation Agreement provides a structured financing arrangement based on USOR&#146;s crude oil and refined products inventories and associated accounts receivables. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition to the three operating segments described above, we have one additional reportable segment, Corporate and Other. Our Corporate and
Other reportable segment includes administrative costs and several small <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-operated</FONT> oil and gas interests that were owned by our predecessor. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Risk Factors </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">An
investment in our common stock is very risky. You should consider carefully the risk factors beginning on page&nbsp;5 of this prospectus before investing in our common stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Use of Proceeds </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Although
we will incur expenses in connection with the registration of the securities, we will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock by the selling security holder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Principal Executive Offices and Additional Information </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our principal executive office is located at 825 Town&nbsp;&amp; Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024. Our telephone number is (281)
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">899-4800,</FONT> and our website is www.parpacific.com. The information on our website or on any other website is not part of this prospectus, and you should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus
and in the documents incorporated herein by reference when making a decision as to whether to buy our common stock. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_2"></A>RISK FACTORS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Investing in shares of our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before investing, you should consider carefully the risks described
below, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, including the risk factors incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2017 and
other filings we make with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties we described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. If
any of these risks actually occurs, our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer, and you could lose your investment in us. </I></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to the Acquisitions </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may fail to
successfully integrate the Topping Units or the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business with our existing business in a timely manner, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations
or cash flows, or we may fail to realize all of the expected benefits of the Acquisitions, which could negatively impact our future results of operations. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Integration of the Topping Units and the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business with our existing business will be a complex,
time-consuming and costly process. A failure to successfully integrate the Topping Units and the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business with our existing business in a timely manner may have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The difficulties of combining the Topping Units and Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business with our existing operations include, among other things: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the operational complexities associated with us operating the Topping Units and IES operating the related
logistics assets as separate business operations when they were previously integrated as a single business operation; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">integrating personnel from diverse business backgrounds and organizational cultures; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the diversion of management&#146;s attention from other business concerns; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">difficulties assimilating the assets and operations of the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business with
our existing assets and integrating the Topping Units with our other assets in Hawaii; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">an inability to complete other internal growth projects and/or acquisitions; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">managing relationships with new customers and suppliers for whom we have not previously provided products or
services; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">an increase in our indebtedness; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">potential environmental or regulatory compliance matters or liabilities and title issues, including certain
liabilities arising from the operation of the Topping Unit before the Topping Unit Acquisition or the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business before the USOR Acquisition; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">coordinating geographically disparate organizations, systems and facilities. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If any of these risks or unanticipated liabilities or costs were to materialize, then any desired benefits of the Topping Units or the Pacific
Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business, as applicable, may not be fully realized, if at all, and our future results of operations could be negatively impacted. In addition, the Topping Units or the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics
Business may actually perform at levels below the forecasts we used to evaluate the Topping Units and the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business, due to factors that are beyond our control. If the Topping Units or the Pacific Northwest
Refinery and Logistics Business perform at levels below the forecasts we used to evaluate the Topping Units or the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business, respectively, then our future results of operations could be negatively impacted.
</P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Flaws in our ongoing due diligence in connection with the Acquisitions could have a significant
negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We conducted limited due diligence in connection with the
Acquisitions prior to signing the Acquisition Agreements. Intensive due diligence is time consuming and expensive due to the operations, accounting, finance and legal professionals who must be involved in the due diligence process and the fact that
such efforts do not always lead to a consummated transaction. Diligence may not reveal all material issues that may affect the Topping Units, Trailstone or the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business. In addition, factors outside of our
control may later arise. If, during the diligence process, we fail to identify issues specific to the Topping Units, Trailstone or the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business, we may be forced to later write down or write off assets,
restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in other reporting losses. We cannot assure you that we will not have to take write-downs or write-offs in connection with the acquisitions of certain of the assets
and assumption of certain liabilities of the Topping Units, Trailstone or the Pacific Northwest Refinery and Logistics Business, which could have a negative effect on our financial condition and results of operation following closing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Financing the USOR Acquisition substantially increased our outstanding indebtedness. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We funded the cash purchase price for the USOR Acquisition with a combination of debt financing, a new senior secured term loan facility, and
cash on hand. At September&nbsp;30, 2018, the principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness was $415&nbsp;million. On January&nbsp;11, 2019, in connection with the USOR Acquisition, we entered into a $250&nbsp;million term loan facility with
Goldman Sachs Bank USA and a $45&nbsp;million term loan with Bank of Hawaii. Additionally, the USOR Intermediation Agreement was amended and remained in place at the closing of the USOR Acquisition. This increase in our indebtedness may reduce our
flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions or to fund capital expenditure or working capital needs because we will require additional funds to service our outstanding indebtedness and may not be able to obtain additional
financing. For a discussion about the risks posed by leverage generally and by the covenants in our debt agreements, please read our Risk Factors in Part I, Item&nbsp;1A, of our Annual Report on <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Form&nbsp;10-K</FONT>
for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2017. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If we are unable to refinance our term loan with the Bank of Hawaii before it matures, we may be unable
to repay the amounts that are due thereunder. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In order to fund a portion of the cash purchase price for the USOR Acquisition, we
entered into a $45&nbsp;million term loan, which matures on July&nbsp;9, 2019, on which date the entire unpaid principal balance will be due and payable in full. We are considering a variety of options to refinance the term loan. One such option
would be a new term loan issued by the Bank of Hawaii pursuant to a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-binding</FONT> term sheet executed by us and the Bank of Hawaii, the security for which is expected to consist of certain unencumbered real
estate in Hawaii owned by Mid Pac (a wholly owned subsidiary of Par Petroleum) to be conveyed to our wholly-owned subsidiary in a sale-leaseback transaction. We cannot assure you that such refinancing will be available to us or at all. In the event
that we are unable to refinance the term loan, we may not have sufficient cash to repay the term loan at its maturity, which would be an event of default under the term loan and could result in an acceleration of the payments due under our other
debt agreements. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The volatility of crude oil prices and refined product prices, and changes in the demand for such products, may have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or expected earnings or cash flows from the Acquisitions. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Expected earnings and cash flows from the Acquisitions depend on a number of factors, including to a large extent the cost of crude oil and
other refinery feedstocks which has fluctuated significantly in recent years. While prices for refined products are influenced by the price of crude oil, the constantly changing margin between the price we pay for crude oil and other refinery
feedstocks and the prices we receive for refined products (&#147;crack spread&#148;) also fluctuates significantly. These prices we pay and prices we receive depend on numerous factors </P>
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beyond our control, including the global supply and demand for crude oil, gasoline and other refined products, which are subject to, among other things: </P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">changes in the global economy and the level of foreign and domestic production of crude oil and refined products;
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">availability of crude oil and refined products and the infrastructure to transport crude oil and refined
products; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">local factors, including market conditions, the level of operations of other refineries in our markets and the
volume and price of refined products imported; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">threatened or actual terrorist incidents, acts of war and other global political conditions;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">government regulations; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">weather conditions, hurricanes or other natural disasters. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, we purchase our refinery feedstocks before manufacturing and selling the refined products. Price level changes during the period
between purchasing feedstocks and selling the manufactured refined products from these feedstocks could have a significant impact on our financial results. We also purchase refined products manufactured by others for sale to our customers. Price
level changes during the periods between purchasing and selling these refined products could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Trailstone is particularly vulnerable to disruptions to our refining operations because its refining operations are concentrated in one facility.
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Because all of Trailstone&#146;s refining operations are concentrated in the Tacoma refinery, a significant disruption at the
Tacoma facility could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Tacoma refinery
may require unscheduled down time for unanticipated maintenance or repairs that are more frequent than our scheduled turnarounds. Refinery operations may also be disrupted by external factors such as a suspension of feedstock deliveries or an
interruption of electricity, natural gas, water treatment or other utilities. Other potentially disruptive factors include natural disasters, severe weather conditions, workplace or environmental accidents, interruptions of supply, work stoppages,
increases in the cost of crude supplies, losses of permits or authorizations or acts of terrorism. Disruptions to our refining operations could reduce our revenues during the period of time that our processing units are not operating. For example,
the Tacoma refinery sources crude from, among other locations, Western Canada, where the Albertan government recently announced that it will decrease oil production in 2019 to reduce price differentials. This action, or any similar actions, could
result in an increase in the price we pay for crude oil, which may result in a decrease in the expected earnings and cash flows generated by the Tacoma refinery. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Risks Related to the Common Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Because we have
no near term plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock, investors must look solely to stock appreciation for a return on their investment in us. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future
earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the near term. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of cash dividends will be
at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, results of operations, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects, and other factors that our board
of directors considers relevant. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">7 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they
adversely change their recommendations regarding our common stock or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our
business. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover,
if one or more of the analysts who cover our company downgrades our common stock or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The price of our common stock historically has been volatile. This volatility may affect the price at which you could sell your common stock.
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The market price for our common stock has varied between a high of $21.34 on August&nbsp;30, 2018, and a low of $13.68 on
December&nbsp;26, 2018, during the twelve month period ended December&nbsp;31, 2018. This volatility may affect the price at which you could sell your common stock. Our stock price is likely to continue to be volatile and subject to significant
price and volume fluctuations in response to market and other factors; variations in our quarterly operating results from our expectations or those of securities analysts or investors; downward revisions in securities analysts&#146; estimates; and
announcement by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>The market for
our common stock has been historically illiquid, which may affect your ability to sell your shares. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The volume of trading in our
common stock has historically been low. In addition, a substantial amount of our common stock is beneficially owned by three investors. The lack of substantial liquidity can adversely affect the price of our stock at a time when you might want to
sell your shares. There is no guarantee that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be maintained on the NYSE, or that the volume of trading will be sufficient to allow for timely trades. Investors may not be able to sell
their shares quickly or at the latest market price if trading in our stock is not active or if trading volume is limited. In addition, if trading volume in our common stock is limited, trades of relatively small numbers of shares may have a
disproportionate effect on the market price of our common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Delaware law, our charter documents and concentrated stock ownership may impede or
discourage a takeover, which could reduce the market price of our common stock. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are a Delaware corporation and the
anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law impose various impediments to the ability of a third party to acquire control of us, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. For example, the change in ownership
limitations contained in Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation could have the effect of discouraging or impeding an unsolicited takeover proposal. In addition, our board of directors or a committee thereof has the power, without stockholder
approval, to designate the terms of one or more series of preferred stock and issue shares of preferred stock. The ability of our board of directors or a committee thereof to create and issue a new series of preferred stock and certain provisions of
Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could impede a merger, takeover, or other business combination involving us or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer for our common stock, which, under certain
circumstances, could reduce the market price of our common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Zell Credit Opportunities Master Fund, L.P., BlackRock Inc. and
Whitebox Advisors, LLC, together with their respective affiliates, each own or have the right to acquire as of December&nbsp;31, 2018 approximately 27.7%, 9.8% and 7.0%, respectively, of our outstanding common stock. The level of their combined
ownership of shares of our common stock could have the effect of discouraging or impeding an unsolicited acquisition proposal. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">8 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may issue preferred stock with terms that could adversely affect the voting power or value of our
common stock. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more
classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations, and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of
one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock. For example, we might grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the
happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we might assign to holders of preferred stock could adversely affect the residual value of the
common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>We may issue shares of common stock in satisfaction of general unsecured claims from our predecessor&#146;s bankruptcy that would
dilute your ownership of our common stock. </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In December 2011 and January 2012, Delta Petroleum Corporation and its subsidiaries
filed voluntary petitions under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, and in March 2012, obtained approval from the bankruptcy court to proceed with a plan of reorganization. Pursuant to
this plan, among other things, certain allowed general unsecured claims may be paid with shares of our common stock. As of September&nbsp;30, 2018, two claims totaling approximately $22.4&nbsp;million remain to be resolved and we have reserved
approximately $0.5&nbsp;million representing the estimated value of claims remaining to be settled which are deemed probable and estimable at period end. The settlement of claims is subject to ongoing litigation and we are unable to predict with
certainty how many shares will be required to satisfy all claims. Pursuant to the plan of reorganization, allowed claims are settled at a ratio of 54.4 shares per $1,000 of claim. Any issuances by us of common stock to satisfy claims would have a
dilutive impact on the ownership interest of existing common stockholders and could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Future
sales of our common stock could reduce our stock price, and any additional capital raised by us through the sale of equity or convertible securities may dilute your ownership in us. </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are not restricted from issuing additional shares of common stock, including shares issuable pursuant to securities that are convertible
into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock. We have approximately 47.0&nbsp;million shares of common stock outstanding as of December&nbsp;31, 2018. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Subject to the satisfaction of vesting conditions and the requirements of Rule 144 of the Securities Act, shares of our common stock
registered under our equity incentive plan are available for resale immediately in the public market without restriction. In addition, subject to the change in ownership limitations contained in Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation, up to
7,722,809 shares of our common stock registered under our registration statements on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3,</FONT> declared effective on November&nbsp;30, 2016 and December&nbsp;21, 2016, are available for resale immediately in
the public market without restriction. An additional 3,471,978 shares of our common stock registered under this registration statement and our registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> filed with the SEC on
January&nbsp;16, 2019 will be available for resale to the public market without restriction once the registration statements are declared effective by the SEC. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the
right to receive, common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued in
connection with an acquisition), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">9 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_3"></A>CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Certain statements in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference herein may constitute &#147;forward-looking&#148;
statements as defined in Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act, Section&nbsp;21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#147;Exchange Act&#148;), the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (&#147;PSLRA&#148;), or in
releases made by the SEC, all as may be amended from time to time. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements of to
differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by,
among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as the words &#147;plan,&#148; &#147;believe,&#148; &#147;expect,&#148; &#147;anticipate,&#148; &#147;intend,&#148; &#147;estimate,&#148; &#147;project,&#148; &#147;may,&#148;
&#147;will,&#148; &#147;would,&#148; &#147;could,&#148; &#147;should,&#148; &#147;seeks,&#148; &#147;scheduled to,&#148; or other similar words, or the negative of these words or other variations of these words or comparable language, or by
discussion of strategy or intentions. These cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the PSLRA with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the &#147;safe harbor&#148; provisions of such laws. When
considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements included in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference herein. Please read &#147;Risk Factors&#148; beginning
on page 5 of this prospectus. The risk factors and other factors noted throughout this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking
statement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate herein by reference are
largely based on our expectations, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known market conditions and other factors. Although we believe such
estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control. In addition, management&#146;s assumptions about future events may prove to be inaccurate. All
readers are cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate herein by reference are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assure any reader that such statements will be
realized or that the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements due to factors described under the heading &#147;Risk Factors&#148; in
this prospectus and elsewhere in the documents we incorporate herein by reference. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new
information, future events or otherwise. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">10 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_4"></A>USE OF PROCEEDS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling security holder. The selling security holder named in this prospectus
will pay any underwriting fees, discounts and commissions, along with certain of the selling security holder&#146;s <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> expenses, incurred in connection with
their sale of shares registered under this prospectus. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred by us, or by the selling security holder, in effecting the registration, offer and sale of the shares covered by this prospectus. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">11 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_5"></A>SELLING SECURITY HOLDERS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table sets forth information relating to the selling security holder&#146;s beneficial ownership of our shares as of
December&nbsp;31, 2018. This prospectus covers the offering for resale from time to time of up to 1,108,202 shares owned by the selling security holder. The 1,108,202 shares were issued to the selling security holder at the closing of the Eagle
Acquisition. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As used herein, the &#147;selling security holder&#148; includes any pledgees, donees, transferees or other <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">successors-in-interest</FONT></FONT> selling shares received from the named selling security holder after the date of this prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">No offer or sale under this prospectus may be made by a selling security holder unless that holder is listed in the table below, in a
supplement to this prospectus or in an amendment to the related registration statement that has become effective under the Securities Act. We will supplement or amend this prospectus to include additional selling security holders upon request and
upon provision of all required information to us, subject to the terms of the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement, as described under the &#147;Description of Capital Stock&#151;Registration Rights Agreements&#151;Topping Unit Registration
Rights Agreement.&#148; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following table and related footnotes set forth: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the name of the selling security holder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if different, the name of the natural person(s) who exercise(s) sole/shared voting and/or investment power with
respect to the shares; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the number of our shares beneficially owned by such selling security holder prior to the offering;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the number being offered for the selling security holder&#146;s account; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the number to be owned by the selling security holder after completion of the offering (assuming the sale of all
shares offered by this prospectus). </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Unless otherwise indicated, the selling security holder is not a broker-dealer
registered under Section&nbsp;15 of the Exchange Act, or an affiliate of a broker-dealer registered under Section&nbsp;15 of the Exchange Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We prepared the table based on information supplied to us by the selling security holder. We have not sought to verify such information. The
percentages of shares beneficially owned and being offered are based on the number of shares that were outstanding as of December&nbsp;31, 2018, unless otherwise stated in the footnotes to the table below. Additionally, the selling security holder
may have sold or transferred some or all of their shares in exempt or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-exempt</FONT> transactions since such date. Other information about the selling security holder may also change over time. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="52%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><B>Selling&nbsp;Security&nbsp;Holder</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Common&nbsp;Stock&nbsp;Beneficially<BR>Owned&nbsp;Prior&nbsp;to&nbsp;Offering</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Number&nbsp;of</B><br><B>Shares</B><br><B>Which&nbsp;May</B><br><B>be Sold&nbsp;in</B><br><B>This&nbsp;Offering</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Common&nbsp;Stock<BR>Beneficially Owned<BR>After&nbsp;this&nbsp;Offering(3)</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Number</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Percent&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>Number</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Percent&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">IES Downstream, LLC(1)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,108,202</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">2.4%(2)</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,108,202</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">0%(2)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">*</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Less than one percent. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(1)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">One Rock Capital Partners, LLC (&#147;One Rock&#148;), the investment manager of IES has voting power over the
securities held by IES. The address of One Rock and IES is 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 54<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">th</SUP> Floor, New York, New York 10112. Tony Lee and Scott Spielvogel are responsible for the supervision and conduct
of all investment activities of One Rock. Each of IES, Tony Lee and Scott Spielvogel disclaim beneficial ownership over these Securities. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(2)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Based on 46,985,222 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2018. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(3)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Assumes that the selling security holder will sell all of the common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">12 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_6"></A>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The selling security holder and any of its pledgees, donees, transferees or other <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">successors-in-interest</FONT></FONT> may, from time to time, sell any or all of their shares of common stock offered by this prospectus on the NYSE or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the
shares are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed prices, the prevailing market prices or negotiated prices. The selling security holder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling such shares: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a
portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">privately negotiated transactions; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">settlement of short sales entered into after the effective date of the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">broker-dealers may agree with the selling security holder to sell a specified number of such shares at a
stipulated price per share; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange
or otherwise; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">a combination of any such methods of sale; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The selling security holder may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Broker-dealers engaged by the selling security holder may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may
receive commissions or discounts from the selling security holder (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in
the case of any agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Rule 2121 (&#147;Rule 2121&#148;), and, in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in
compliance with Rule 2121. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the sale of the common stock or interests therein, the selling security holder may enter
into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling security holder may also sell common stock
short and deliver these securities to close out its short positions, or loan or pledge the common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling security holder may also enter into option or other transactions with
broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer
or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the selling security holder has been advised that it may not use shares registered on the
registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to cover short sales of our common stock made prior to the date such registration statement has been declared effective by the SEC. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The selling security holder may, from time to time, pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares of common stock owned by
it and, if it defaults in the performance of its secured obligations, the pledgees </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">13 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of common stock from time to time pursuant to this prospectus or any amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable
provision of the Securities Act, amending, if necessary, the list of selling security holders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling security holders under this prospectus. The selling security holder also may
transfer and donate the shares of common stock in other circumstances in which case the transferees, donees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The selling security holder and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the shares may, under certain circumstances, be
deemed to be &#147;underwriters&#148; within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may
be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. The selling security holder has informed us that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute
the common stock. There is no underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with the proposed sale of the common stock by the selling security holder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If the selling security holder is deemed to be an &#147;underwriter&#148; within the meaning of the Securities Act, it will be subject to the
prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. The selling security holder will be responsible for complying with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder promulgated, as applicable to the
selling security holder in connection with resales of its shares under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. These provisions and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of common stock by it and the
marketability of such securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We agreed to keep the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part effective until the
earliest to occur of (i)&nbsp;the disposition of all of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, (ii)&nbsp;the availability under Rule 144 for each holder of such shares to immediately freely resell such shares without notice, current
information, manner of sale or volume restrictions or (iii)&nbsp;the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement. The shares will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable
state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is
complied with. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The selling security holder and any other person participating in such distribution will be subject to applicable
provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, Regulation M of the Exchange Act, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares of common stock by the selling security
holder and any other participating person. Regulation M may also restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the shares of common stock to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of common stock. All of
the foregoing may affect the marketability of the shares of common stock and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of common stock. We will make copies of this prospectus available to
the selling security holder for purposes of satisfying the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will pay all expenses of the registration of the shares of common stock pursuant to the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement,
including, without limitation, SEC filing fees and expenses of compliance with state securities or &#147;blue sky&#148; laws; provided, however, that the selling security holder will pay all underwriting discounts and selling commissions, if any. We
will indemnify the selling security holder against certain liabilities, including some liabilities under the Securities Act, in accordance with the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement. We may be indemnified by the selling security holder
against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the selling security holder specifically for use in this prospectus, in accordance with the Topping Unit
Registration Rights Agreement. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">14 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_7"></A>DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of December&nbsp;31, 2018, our authorized capital consisted of 500,000,000 shares of voting common stock, of which approximately
47.0&nbsp;million shares were issued and outstanding, and 3,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, none of which were outstanding. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In the discussion that follows, we have summarized selected provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and stockholders agreement,
as well as the Warrant Issuance Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement (each as defined below) relating to our capital stock, as well as the registration rights agreement (the &#147;Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement&#148;) with
respect to the issuance (the &#147;Convertible Notes Offering&#148;) of our 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2021 (the &#147;Convertible Notes&#148;), the registration rights agreement (the &#147;Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement&#148;)
with respect to the issuance of the 2.50% convertible subordinated bridge notes on September&nbsp;23, 2016 (the &#147;Bridge Notes&#148;), the registration rights agreement with respect to the Topping Unit Acquisition (the &#147;Topping Unit
Registration Rights Agreement&#148;), and the registration rights agreement with respect to the USOR Acquisition (the &#147;USOR Registration Rights Agreement&#148;). You should read our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, stockholders agreement,
Warrant Issuance Agreement, Registration Rights Agreement, Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement, Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement, Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement and USOR Registration Rights Agreement as currently in
effect for more details regarding the provisions we describe below and for other provisions that may be important to you. We have filed copies of those documents with the SEC, and they are incorporated by reference herein. Please read &#147;Where
You Can Find More Information.&#148; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Common Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote of
stockholders. Such holders do not have the right to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Holders of our common stock have no redemption or conversion rights, no preemptive or other rights to subscribe for our securities and are not
entitled to the benefits of any sinking fund provisions. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">winding-up,</FONT> holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally and ratably in all of the assets
remaining, if any, after satisfaction of all our debts and liabilities, and of the preferential rights of any series of preferred stock then outstanding. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, holders
of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the Board out of funds legally available therefor. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our
certificate of incorporation contains restrictions on the transfer of the Company Securities (as defined therein, and which includes our common stock) by holders who are, or would become as a result of such transfer, a holder of at least 5% of our
common stock (a &#147;5% Shareholder&#148;). Such restrictions were put in place in order to preserve our net operating loss carryovers, capital loss carryovers, general business credit carryovers, alternative minimum tax credit carryovers and
foreign tax credit carryovers, as well as any &#147;net unrealized <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">built-in</FONT> loss&#148; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On November&nbsp;10, 2014, as permitted by the terms of Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation, we entered into the Allocation
Agreement with ZCOF, ZCOF Par Petroleum Holdings, L.L.C. and Whitebox Multi-Strategy Partners, L.P. to reallocate the proportionate amount of our common stock that the 5% Shareholders are permitted to transfer among our remaining 5% Shareholders. In
accordance with Article 11 of our certificate of incorporation, the Board has approved, on a prospective basis, one or more Transfers (as defined in our certificate of incorporation) of shares of our common stock by the remaining 5% Shareholders up
to the new allocation amounts included on a schedule to the Allocation Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Warrants </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On August&nbsp;31, 2012, pursuant to the terms of a warrant issuance agreement (the &#147;Warrant Issuance Agreement&#148;), we issued warrants
(the &#147;Warrants&#148;) to purchase up to an aggregate of 959,213 shares (the </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">15 </P>

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&#147;Warrant Shares&#148;) of our common stock. The holders of the Warrants are entitled to purchase Warrant Shares at an exercise price of $0.09 per share, subject to certain adjustments from
time to time. The Warrants expire on the earlier of August&nbsp;31, 2022 or the occurrence of certain merger or consolidation transactions. At December&nbsp;31, 2018, Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 354,350 Warrant Shares were outstanding. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The number of shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the exercise prices of the Warrants will be adjusted in
connection with certain issuances or sales of shares of our common stock and convertible securities, or any subdivision, reclassification or combinations of common stock, as set forth in the Warrant Issuance Agreement. Additionally, in the case of
any reclassification or capital reorganization of our capital stock, the holder of each Warrant outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of such reclassification or reorganization shall have the right to receive upon exercise of the
applicable Warrant, the kind and amount of stock, other securities, cash or other property that such holder would have received if such Warrant had been exercised. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Preferred Stock </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Board is authorized
to establish one or more series of preferred stock and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred stock, the powers, designation, preferences and rights of each series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of each series,
including: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the designation of the series and the number of shares to constitute the series; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the dividend rate of the series, the conditions and dates upon which such dividends shall be payable, the
relation which such dividends shall bear to the dividends payable on any other class or classes of stock, and whether such dividends shall be cumulative or noncumulative; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether the shares of the series shall be subject to redemption by the Company and, if made subject to such
redemption, the times, prices and other terms and conditions of such redemption; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the terms and amount of any sinking fund provided for the purchase or redemption of the shares of the series;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">whether or not the shares of the series shall be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of any other class
or classes or of any other series of any class or classes of stock of the Company, and, if provision be made for conversion or exchange, the times, prices, rates, adjustments and other terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange;
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the extent, if any, to which the holders of the shares of the series shall be entitled to vote with respect to
the election of directors or otherwise; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the restrictions, if any, on the issue or reissue of any additional preferred stock; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">rights of the holders of the shares of the series upon the dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the
Company. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The authorized shares of preferred stock, as well as shares of common stock, are available for issuance
without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder action is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities are listed or traded. If the approval of our stockholders is not required for
the issuance of shares of preferred stock or common stock, the Board may determine not to seek stockholder approval. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Although the Board
has no intention at the present time of doing so, it could issue a series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of that series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. The Board will make any
determination to issue shares based on its judgment as to our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. The Board, in so acting, could issue preferred stock having terms that could discourage an acquisition attempt, including a
tender offer or other transaction that some, or a </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">16 </P>

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majority of, our stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or that might result in stockholders receiving a premium for their stock over the then current market price of the stock.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Anti-Takeover Provisions </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As noted
above, because our stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights, stockholders holding a majority of the shares of common stock outstanding will be able to elect all of our directors. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that
only the chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, or any officer upon the written request of a majority of the Board, may call a special meeting of the stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our certificate of incorporation requires a 66&nbsp;2/3% stockholder vote for the amendment or repeal of certain provisions of the certificate
of incorporation relating to the liability of directors, indemnification of officers and directors, and the transfer restrictions noted above. Our bylaws require a 66 2/3% stockholder vote for the amendment or repeal of certain provisions of the
bylaws. The combination of the lack of cumulative voting and the 66&nbsp;2/3% stockholder voting requirements will make it more difficult for existing stockholders to replace the Board as well as for another party to obtain control of us by
replacing the Board. Because the Board has the power to retain and discharge our officers, these provisions could also make it more difficult for existing stockholders or another party to effect a change in management. In addition, the authorization
of undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for the Board to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">These provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of us. These provisions are
intended to enhance the likelihood of continued stability in the composition of the Board and its policies and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened acquisition of us. These provisions are designed to
reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal. The provisions also are intended to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. However, such provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making
tender offers for our shares and, as a consequence, they also may inhibit fluctuations in the market price of our shares that could result from actual or rumored takeover attempts. Such provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in
our management. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As noted above, our certificate of incorporation contains restrictions on the transfer of Company Securities by holders
who are, or would become as a result of such transfer, 5% Shareholders. These restrictions on transfer may have the effect of preserving effective control of us by our principal stockholders and preserving the tenure of the board of directors and
management. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, we are subject to Section&nbsp;203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the &#147;DGCL&#148;) which
prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">before such date, the Board of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that
resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested holder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the
interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the
interested stockholder) those shares owned (i)&nbsp;by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii)&nbsp;employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the
plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the Board and authorized at an annual or special
meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66&nbsp;2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In general, Section&nbsp;203 of the DGCL defines business combination to include the
following: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the
interested stockholder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any
stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock
or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other
financial benefits by or through the corporation. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In general, Section&nbsp;203 of the DGCL defines an &#147;interested
stockholder&#148; as an entity or person who, together with the person&#146;s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and within three years prior to the time of determination of interested
stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Stockholders Agreement </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We entered into a stockholders agreement in April 2015 for the benefit of the holders of any of our securities entitled to vote for members of
the Board providing that in the event that we are no longer required to file annual and quarterly reports with the SEC, we will provide, as soon as reasonably practicable, comparable audited reports on an annual basis, unaudited reports on a
quarterly basis (which annual and quarterly reports shall contain substantially similar descriptions of business and management discussion and analysis provisions as are then required to be included in relevant filings with the SEC), and earnings
releases on a quarterly basis, made available to such holders through a secure website and subject to a standard click-through access and confidentiality agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Registration Rights Agreements </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Registration Rights Agreement </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The company and certain of our stockholders (the &#147;Rights Holders&#148;), including affiliates of ZCOF and Whitebox, are parties to a
registration rights agreement (the &#147;Registration Rights Agreement&#148;) providing the Rights Holders with certain registration rights. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, among other things, any Rights Holder or group of Rights Holders that, together with its or
their affiliates, holds more than fifteen percent (15%) of the Registrable Shares (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), will have the right to require the Company to file with the SEC, a registration statement on Form <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-1</FONT> or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3,</FONT> or any other appropriate form under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act for a public offering of all or part of its Registrable Shares (a &#147;Demand
Registration&#148;) by delivery of written notice to the Company, or a demand request. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Within 90 days after receiving the demand request,
we are required to file with the SEC the registration statement, on any form for which we then qualify and which is available for the sale of the Registrable Shares in accordance with the intended methods of distribution thereof, with respect to the
demand registration. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the registration statement to be declared effective as soon as practicable after such filing. We will not be obligated (i)&nbsp;to effect a demand registration
within ninety (90)&nbsp;days after the effective date of a previous demand registration, other than for a shelf registration, or (ii)&nbsp;to effect a demand registration unless the demand request is for a number of Registrable Shares with an
expected market value that is equal to at least (x) $15&nbsp;million as of the date of such demand request or is for one hundred </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">18 </P>

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percent of the demanding holders of Registrable Shares with respect to any demand registration made on <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Form&nbsp;S-1</FONT> or (y)&nbsp;$5&nbsp;million as of the
date of such demand request with respect to any demand registration made on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3.</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Upon
receipt of any demand request, we are required to give written notice, within ten (10)&nbsp;days of such demand request, to all other holders of Registrable Shares, who will have the right to elect to include in any subsequent demand registration
such portion of their Registrable Shares as they may request, subject to certain exceptions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, subject to certain exceptions,
if we propose to register any class of our common stock for sale to the public, we are required, subject to certain conditions, to include all Registrable Shares with respect to which the Company has received written requests for inclusion. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The rights of a holder of Registrable Shares may be transferred, assigned or otherwise conveyed to any transferee or assignee of such
Registrable Shares, subject to applicable state and federal securities laws and regulations and our certificate of incorporation. We will be responsible for expenses relating to the registrations contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The registration rights granted in the Registration Rights Agreement are subject to customary indemnification and contribution
provisions, as well as customary restrictions such as suspension periods and, if a registration is for an underwritten offering, limitations on the number of shares to be included in the underwritten offering imposed by the managing underwriter.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, a registration statement relating to resales by affiliates of ZCOF and Whitebox of the
shares received by them in connection with our emergence from bankruptcy on August&nbsp;31, 2012 was declared effective by the SEC on June&nbsp;23, 2015. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Convertible Notes Offering Registration Rights </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the closing of the Convertible Notes Offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers
under which we agreed for the benefit of the holders of the Convertible Notes and any shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium that we will, at our cost: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">file a shelf registration statement (which shall be an automatic shelf registration statement if we are then a
well-known seasoned issuer (&#147;WKSI&#148;)) with the SEC as soon as practicable following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes and in any event on or prior to the 90th day after the first date of original issuance of the
Convertible Notes, covering resales of any shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and in respect of any make-whole premium; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if we are not a WKSI on such 90th day, use our best efforts to cause the shelf registration statement to become
effective within 180 days after the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">use our best efforts to keep the shelf registration statement effective until the earlier of (1)&nbsp;the 120th
calendar day immediately following the maturity date or (2)&nbsp;the date on which there are no longer outstanding any Convertible Notes or &#147;restricted&#148; (within the meaning of Rule 144) shares of our common stock that have been received
upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The registration statement required
by the terms of the Convertible Notes Registration Rights Agreement was declared effective by the SEC on November&nbsp;30, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We may
suspend the effectiveness of the shelf registration statement or the use of the prospectus that is part of the shelf registration statement during specified periods under certain circumstances relating to pending
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">19 </P>

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corporate developments, public filings with the SEC and similar events. We need not specify the nature of the event giving rise to a suspension in any suspension notice to holders of the
Convertible Notes. Each holder, by its acceptance of the Convertible Notes, agrees to hold any such suspension notice in response to a notice of a proposed sale in confidence. Except in the case of a suspension period as the result of the filing of
a post-effective amendment solely to add additional selling security holders, any suspension period may not exceed an aggregate of: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">30 days in any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">90-day</FONT> period; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">60 days in any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">360-day</FONT> period. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">However, if the disclosure relates to a proposed or pending material business transaction, the disclosure of which the Board determines in
good faith would be reasonably likely to impede our ability to consummate such transaction, or would otherwise be seriously detrimental to us and our subsidiaries taken as a whole, we may extend the suspension period from 30 days to 45 days in any <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">90-day</FONT> period or from 60 days to 90 days in any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">360-day</FONT> period. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Each of the following is a registration default: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">the registration statement has not been filed (and become effective upon such filing if we are then a WKSI) prior
to or on the 90th day following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">if we are not a WKSI on such 90th day, the registration statement has not been declared effective prior to or on
the 180th day following the first date of original issuance of the Convertible Notes; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">we have not, through our omission, named as a selling securityholder in the prospectus, a prospectus supplement
or post-effective amendment a holder who has supplied the questionnaire described below and who is entitled to be so named as a selling securityholder within the required time periods as described below; or </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">at any time after the effectiveness date, the registration statement ceases to be effective or is not usable and
(1)&nbsp;we do not cure the lapse of effectiveness or usability within ten business days by a post-effective amendment, prospectus supplement or report filed under the Exchange Act (other than (a)&nbsp;in the case of a suspension period described in
the preceding paragraph or (b)&nbsp;in the case of a suspension of the registration statement as the result of the filing of a post-effective amendment solely to add additional selling securityholders), (2) a suspension period, when aggregated with
other suspension periods during the prior <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">90-day</FONT> period, continues, unterminated, for more than 30 days or, if applicable, 45 days or (3)&nbsp;a suspension period, when aggregated with other suspension periods
during the prior <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">360-day</FONT> period, continues, unterminated, for more than 60 days or, if applicable, 90 days. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If a registration default occurs, predetermined liquidated damages will accrue on the Convertible Notes, from, and including, the day
following such registration default to, but excluding, the earlier of (1)&nbsp;the day on which such registration default has been cured and (2)&nbsp;the date the registration statement is no longer required to be kept effective for our common
stock. The liquidated damages will be paid to those entitled to interest payments on such dates semiannually in arrears on each June&nbsp;15 and December&nbsp;15 and will accrue at a rate per year equal to: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">0.25% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to, and including, the 90th day following such
registration default; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">0.50% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes from, and after, the 91st day following such registration
default. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We will not pay liquidated damages on any Convertible Note after it has been converted into shares of our
common stock. If a Convertible Note ceases to be outstanding during a registration default (as a result of the holder exercising its conversion rights or otherwise), we will prorate the liquidated damages to be paid with respect to that Convertible
Note. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">20 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In no event will liquidated damages exceed 0.50% per year. If a holder converts some or all
of its Convertible Notes and we issue any shares of our common stock to satisfy all or any portion of our conversion obligation or if we issue any shares of our common stock in respect of any make-whole premium, in each case, when there exists a
registration default, such holder will not be entitled to receive liquidated damages on such common stock, and we will instead increase the conversion rate or the amount of such make-whole premium, as the case may be, by 3% for each $1,000 principal
amount of Convertible Notes. If a registration default occurs after a holder has converted its Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock or after we have issued shares of our common stock in respect of any make-whole premium, such holder
will not be entitled to any compensation with respect to such common stock. Other than our obligations to pay liquidated damages, we will not have any liability for damages with respect to a registration default on any registrable securities. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A holder who elects to sell securities under the shelf registration statement will: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">be required to be named as a selling securityholder in the related prospectus; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">be required to deliver a prospectus to purchasers; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">be subject to the civil liability provisions under the Securities Act in connection with any sales; and
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">be subject to the provisions of the registration rights agreement, including indemnification provisions.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the registration rights agreement, we will: </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">pay all expenses of the shelf registration statement; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">provide each registered holder with copies of the prospectus; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">notify holders when the shelf registration statement has become effective; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">take other reasonable actions as are required to permit unrestricted resales of shares of our common stock issued
upon conversion of the Convertible Notes or in respect of any make-whole premium in accordance with the terms and conditions of the registration rights agreement. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Bridge Notes Registration Rights </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the issuance of the Bridge Notes, we entered into the Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement with the purchasers of the
Bridge Notes (the &#147;Bridge Notes Purchasers&#148;). The Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement required us (i)&nbsp;to file, no later November&nbsp;11, 2016, with the SEC a shelf registration statement covering resales of the shares of our
common stock, if any, issuable upon (1)&nbsp;conversion of the Bridge Notes, (2)&nbsp;exercise of subscription rights by any Bridge Note Purchaser or its affiliates pursuant to our 2016 subscription rights offering, and (3)&nbsp;a stock dividend or
stock split or in connection with any combination of shares, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or other reorganization, other than shares freely tradeable without any limitations or restrictions under the Securities Act, (ii)&nbsp;to use our
commercially reasonable efforts to cause such shelf registration statement to be declared effective by the SEC no later than (A)&nbsp;January&nbsp;6, 2017 or (B)&nbsp;if earlier, five business days after the date on which the SEC informs us that it
will not review the shelf registration statement, and (iii)&nbsp;to use our commercially reasonable efforts to keep such shelf registration statement effective until the earlier of (A)&nbsp;the date on which all of such shares have been sold,
(B)&nbsp;the date on which such shares may be sold without volume restrictions under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, or (C)&nbsp;the third anniversary of the effective date of such shelf registration statement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we do not fulfill our obligations under the Bridge Notes Registration Rights Agreement with respect to the filing deadline, effectiveness
deadline or effectiveness period of a registration statement, we will be required to pay the holders of the Bridge Notes liquidated damages in an amount in cash equal to 1.00% of such holder&#146;s &#147;Allocated Purchase Price,&#148; which is the
amount effectively paid by such holder for the common stock acquired upon conversion of the Bridge Notes, per calendar month or portion thereof prior to the cure of such event of default. The maximum payment of liquidated damages to any such holder
associated with all events of default will not exceed 5.00% of such holder&#146;s Allocated Purchase Price. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">21 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The registration statement required by the terms of the Bridge Notes Registration Rights
Agreement was declared effective by the SEC on December&nbsp;21, 2016. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the Topping Unit Acquisition, we entered into the Topping Unit Registration Rights Agreement with IES. Under the Topping
Unit Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to file with the SEC within three (3)&nbsp;days after the closing date of the Topping Unit Acquisition and to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause to become effective a registration statement
relating to resales of the Consideration Shares, with an effectiveness deadline as promptly as practicable after filing of this prospectus, but in no event later than (x)&nbsp;ninety (90)&nbsp;days after the closing of the Topping Unit Acquisition,
or (y)&nbsp;if earlier, three (3)&nbsp;business days after the date on which the SEC informs us (I)&nbsp;that the SEC will not review this registration statement or (II)&nbsp;that we may request the effectiveness of this registration statement. We
also agreed to use our commercially reasonable efforts to keep the registration statement effective until the earliest to occur of (i)&nbsp;the disposition of all Consideration Shares, (ii)&nbsp;the availability under Rule 144 for each holder of
Consideration Shares to immediately freely resell such Consideration Shares without notice, current information, manner of sale or volume restrictions or (iii)&nbsp;the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is the registration statement required by the terms of the Topping Unit
Registration Rights Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><I>USOR Registration Rights Agreement </I></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the USOR Acquisition, we entered into the USOR Registration Rights Agreement with Trailstone Seller. Under the USOR
Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to file with the SEC within five (5)&nbsp;days after the closing date of the USOR Acquisition and to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause to become effective a registration statement relating to
the resales of 2,363,776 shares of our common stock issued in connection with the USOR Acquisition (the &#147;USOR Shares&#148;), with an effectiveness deadline as promptly as practicable after filing of the prospectus relating to the registration
statement, but in no event later than (x)&nbsp;sixty (60) days after the closing of the USOR Acquisition, or (y)&nbsp;if earlier, five (5)&nbsp;business days after the on which the SEC informs us (I)&nbsp;that the SEC will not review the
registration statement or (II)&nbsp;that we may request the effectiveness of the registration statement and we make such request. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If we
do not fulfill our obligations under the USOR Registration Rights Agreement with respect to the filing deadline, effectiveness deadline or effectiveness period of a registration statement that does not relate to an underwritten registration or a
piggyback registration, we will be required to pay the holders of the USOR Shares liquidated damages. In addition, the USOR Registration Rights Agreement provides the holders of the USOR Shares with certain customary demand, shelf takedown and
piggyback registration rights, subject to certain exceptions and to certain customary limitations (including with respect to minimum offering size and maximum number of demands and underwritten shelf takedowns). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The registration statement required by the USOR Registration Rights Agreement was filed with the SEC on January&nbsp;16, 2019. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Listing </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Our common stock is quoted on
the NYSE under the symbol &#147;PARR.&#148; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Transfer Agent and Registrar </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">American Stock Transfer&nbsp;&amp; Trust Company is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">22 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_8"></A>LEGAL MATTERS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The validity of our common stock will be passed upon for us by Porter Hedges LLP, Houston, Texas. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_9"></A>EXPERTS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The financial statements and the related financial statement schedule, incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Par Pacific Holdings,
Inc.&#146;s Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2017, and the effectiveness of Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.&#146;s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by
Deloitte&nbsp;&amp; Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements and financial statement schedule have been so incorporated in
reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The financial statements of
Laramie Energy, LLC as of December&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016 and for the three years ended December&nbsp;31, 2017, incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Par Pacific Holdings, Inc.&#146;s Annual Report on Form
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2017, have been audited by Deloitte&nbsp;&amp; Touche LLP, independent auditors, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such financial
statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The consolidated financial statements of TrailStone NA Asset Finance I, LLC as of and for the years ended December&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016,
included in our Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the SEC on December&nbsp;7, 2018, have been audited by Ernst&nbsp;&amp; Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon, included
therein and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The information incorporated by reference into this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of our proved reserves, the future net revenues
from those reserves and their present value is based, in part, on estimates of reserves and future net revenue as of December&nbsp;31, 2017, that were prepared by Netherland, Sewell&nbsp;&amp; Associates, Inc., an independent petroleum engineering
firm. These estimates are aggregated and the sums incorporated by reference into this prospectus in reliance upon the authority of the firm as an expert in these matters. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_10"></A>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus forms a part of a registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> we filed with the SEC. This
prospectus does not contain all of the information found in the registration statement. For further information regarding us and our common stock, you may desire to review the full registration statement, including its exhibits and schedules, filed
under the Securities Act, as well as our proxy statement, annual, quarterly and other reports and other information we file with the SEC. Our filings are available to the public at the SEC&#146;s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, documents filed
by us can be inspected at the offices of the NYSE, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10002. We maintain a website at www.parpacific.com. On the investors page of that site, we provide access to our SEC filings free of charge as soon as reasonably
practicable after filing with the SEC. Our registration statement, of which this prospectus constitutes a part, can be downloaded from the SEC&#146;s website or from our website. The information on our website or on any other website is not
incorporated in this prospectus by reference and you should not consider it part of any offering. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">23 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="toc676629_11"></A>INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The SEC allows us to &#147;incorporate by reference&#148; into this prospectus the information we file with it, which means that we can
disclose important information to you by referring you to the documents containing such information. Information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will
automatically update and supersede that information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the fiscal year ended
December&nbsp;31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March&nbsp;12, 2018, and portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March&nbsp;29, 2018, incorporated by reference therein (File
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;001-36550);</FONT> </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our Quarterly Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> or Form 10-Q/A for the quarterly
period ended March&nbsp;31, 2018, filed with the SEC on May&nbsp;10, 2018, for the quarterly period ended June&nbsp;30, 2018, filed with the SEC on August&nbsp;8, 2018, and for the quarterly period ended September&nbsp;30, 2018, filed with the SEC
on November&nbsp;7, 2018 and on February 4, 2019 (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;001-36550);</FONT> </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">A description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-A,</FONT> filed with the SEC on July&nbsp;16, 2014 (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;001-36550);</FONT> and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">&#149;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%" VALIGN="top">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Our Current Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> or Form
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K/A,</FONT> filed with the SEC on January&nbsp;9, 2018, February&nbsp;14, 2018, March&nbsp;6, 2018, March&nbsp;7, 2018, March&nbsp;23, 2018, March&nbsp;27, 2018, May&nbsp;9, 2018, May&nbsp;10, 2018, May&nbsp;14,
2018, July&nbsp;20, 2018, July&nbsp;27, 2018, August&nbsp;8, 2018 (two filings), August&nbsp;30, 2018, November&nbsp;7, 2018 (two filings), November&nbsp;27, 2018, November&nbsp;30, 2018, December&nbsp;7, 2018, December&nbsp;11, 2018,
December&nbsp;13, 2018, December&nbsp;20, 2018 and January&nbsp;14, 2019 (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;001-36550)</FONT> (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01, or any corresponding information
furnished under Item 9.01, of any such Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K).</FONT> </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All
documents filed by us pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01, or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01, on any Current Report
on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K)</FONT> after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated into this prospectus by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing
such document. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this
prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference modifies
or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This prospectus incorporates documents by reference that are not delivered with this prospectus. Copies of these documents, other than the
exhibits to the documents (unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents), are available upon written or oral request, at no charge, from us. Requests for such copies should be directed to Par Pacific Holdings,
Inc., 825 Town&nbsp;&amp; Country Lane, Suite 1500, Houston, Texas 77024, Attention: Corporate Secretary, telephone number: (281) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">899-4800.</FONT> </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">24 </P>

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 <P STYLE="line-height:2.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:2.00pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:16pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>1,108,202 Shares of Common Stock
</B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:24pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


<IMG SRC="g676629g83y57.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:24pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:200pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PROSPECTUS </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:200pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>February 7,
2019 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:24pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:4.5pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:2.00pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
