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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 001-36550
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Delaware | 84-1060803
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

825 Town & Country Lane, Suite 1500 |
Houston, | Texas | 77024
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(281) 899-4800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value |  | PARR |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
61,067,032 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding as of August 4, 2023.

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION | Page No.
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 30
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 57
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 58
PART II OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 60
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 60
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 60
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 60
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 60
Item 5. | Other Information | 60
Item 6. | Exhibits | 62

The terms “Par,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context suggests otherwise.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 190,951 |  |  | $ | 490,925 |  |
Restricted cash | 4,006 |  |  | 4,001 |  |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 194,957 |  |  | 494,926 |  |
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $0.2 million and $0.3 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | 402,086 |  |  | 252,885 |  |
Inventories | 1,241,494 |  |  | 1,041,983 |  |
Prepaid and other current assets | 54,814 |  |  | 92,043 |  |
Total current assets | 1,893,351 |  |  | 1,881,837 |  |
Property, plant, and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment | 1,517,019 |  |  | 1,224,567 |  |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (426,760) |  |  | (388,733) |  |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 1,090,259 |  |  | 835,834 |  |
Long-term assets |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 330,864 |  |  | 350,761 |  |
Refining and logistics equity investments | 84,425 |  |  | — |  |
Intangible assets, net | 12,247 |  |  | 13,577 |  |
Goodwill | 129,275 |  |  | 129,325 |  |
Other long-term assets | 69,549 |  |  | 69,313 |  |
Total assets | $ | 3,609,970 |  |  | $ | 3,280,647 |  |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 4,353 |  |  | $ | 10,956 |  |
Obligations under inventory financing agreements | 783,622 |  |  | 893,065 |  |
Accounts payable | 351,320 |  |  | 151,395 |  |
Accrued taxes | 48,474 |  |  | 32,099 |  |
Operating lease liabilities | 69,053 |  |  | 66,081 |  |
Other accrued liabilities | 513,131 |  |  | 640,494 |  |
Total current liabilities | 1,769,953 |  |  | 1,794,090 |  |
Long-term liabilities |  |  |  |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | 574,762 |  |  | 494,576 |  |
Finance lease liabilities | 6,509 |  |  | 6,311 |  |
Operating lease liabilities | 270,964 |  |  | 292,701 |  |
Other liabilities | 68,471 |  |  | 48,432 |  |
Total liabilities | 2,690,659 |  |  | 2,636,110 |  |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 3,000,000 shares authorized, none issued | — |  |  | — |  |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 61,043,466 shares and 60,470,837 shares issued at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | 610 |  |  | 604 |  |
Additional paid-in capital | 845,979 |  |  | 836,491 |  |
Accumulated earnings (deficit) | 64,615 |  |  | (200,687) |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 8,107 |  |  | 8,129 |  |
Total stockholders’ equity | 919,311 |  |  | 644,537 |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 3,609,970 |  |  | $ | 3,280,647 |  |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, |  | June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues | $ | 1,783,927 |  |  | $ | 2,106,332 |  |  | $ | 3,469,136 |  |  | $ | 3,456,625 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) | 1,574,806 |  |  | 1,808,925 |  |  | 2,863,826 |  |  | 3,159,174 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | 101,843 |  |  | 80,865 |  |  | 184,963 |  |  | 160,881 |
Depreciation and amortization | 28,216 |  |  | 25,583 |  |  | 52,576 |  |  | 49,363 |
Loss on sale of assets, net | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) | 23,168 |  |  | 15,438 |  |  | 42,454 |  |  | 31,331 |
Equity (earnings) from refining and logistics investments | (425) |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | — |
Acquisition and integration costs | 7,273 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | 63 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | 2,613 |  |  | 1,477 |  |  | 5,363 |  |  | 2,865 |
Total operating expenses | 1,737,494 |  |  | 1,932,303 |  |  | 3,161,301 |  |  | 3,403,692 |
Operating income | 46,433 |  |  | 174,029 |  |  | 307,835 |  |  | 52,933 |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | (14,909) |  |  | (18,154) |  |  | (31,159) |  |  | (34,548) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | 38 |  |  | (5,672) |  |  | (17,682) |  |  | (5,672) |
Other income, net | 379 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 49 |
Equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,706 |  |  | — |
Total other expense, net | (14,492) |  |  | (23,779) |  |  | (37,791) |  |  | (40,171) |
Income before income taxes | 31,941 |  |  | 150,250 |  |  | 270,044 |  |  | 12,762 |
Income tax expense | (1,928) |  |  | (1,125) |  |  | (2,141) |  |  | (688) |
Net income | $ | 30,013 |  |  | $ | 149,125 |  |  | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Income per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 2.51 |  |  | $ | 4.45 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
Diluted | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 2.50 |  |  | $ | 4.39 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 60,399 |  |  | 59,479 |  |  | 60,255 |  |  | 59,449 |
Diluted | 60,993 |  |  | 59,642 |  |  | 61,020 |  |  | 59,644 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, |  | June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income | $ | 30,013 |  |  | $ | 149,125 |  |  | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other post-retirement benefits loss, net of tax | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |  |  | — |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |  |  | — |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 30,002 |  |  | $ | 149,125 |  |  | $ | 267,881 |  |  | $ | 12,074 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 52,576 |  |  | 49,363 |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | 17,682 |  |  | 5,672 |
Non-cash interest expense | 1,615 |  |  | 2,106 |
Non-cash lower of cost and net realizable value adjustment | — |  |  | (463) |
Deferred taxes | 1,226 |  |  | 615 |
Loss on sale of assets, net | — |  |  | 15 |
Stock-based compensation | 6,082 |  |  | 5,769 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative contracts | 7,621 |  |  | (13,155) |
Equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC | (10,706) |  |  | — |
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments | (425) |  |  | — |
Dividends received from refining and logistics investments | 425 |  |  | — |
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable | (134,440) |  |  | (174,818) |
Prepaid and other assets | 4,630 |  |  | (68,580) |
Inventories | 99,582 |  |  | (369,846) |
Deferred turnaround expenditures | — |  |  | (29,688) |
Obligations under inventory financing agreements | (78,038) |  |  | 309,396 |
Accounts payable, other accrued liabilities, and operating lease ROU assets and liabilities | 76,507 |  |  | 299,197 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 312,240 |  |  | 27,657 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Acquisition of business | (608,223) |  |  | — |
Capital expenditures | (30,729) |  |  | (29,020) |
Proceeds from sale of assets and other | 50 |  |  | 68 |
Return of capital from Laramie Energy, LLC | 10,706 |  |  | — |
Return of capital from refining and logistics investments | 2,175 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities | (626,021) |  |  | (28,952) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | 763,765 |  |  | 256,163 |
Repayments of borrowings | (702,499) |  |  | (313,143) |
Net borrowings (repayments) on deferred payment arrangements and receivable advances | (31,405) |  |  | 142,348 |
Payment of deferred loan costs | (9,127) |  |  | — |
Purchase of common stock for retirement | (5,171) |  |  | (6,483) |
Exercise of stock options | 6,374 |  |  | — |
Payments for debt extinguishment and commitment costs | (8,742) |  |  | (3,983) |
Other financing activities, net | 617 |  |  | 350 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 13,812 |  |  | 75,252 |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (299,969) |  |  | 73,957 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | 494,926 |  |  | 116,221 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 194,957 |  |  | $ | 190,178 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Net cash paid for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | (37,969) |  |  | $ | (30,735) |
Taxes | (2,810) |  |  | (13) |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Accrued capital expenditures | $ | 7,706 |  |  | $ | 3,818 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities | 944 |  |  | 594 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | 16,684 |  |  | 13,692 |
ROU assets terminated in exchange for release from operating lease liabilities | — |  |  | 32,902 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |
|  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  | Other |  |
| Common Stock |  | Paid-In |  | Accumulated |  | Comprehensive |  | Total
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Income |  | Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021 | 60,162 |  |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | 821,713 |  |  | $ | (559,117) |  |  | $ | 2,502 |  |  | $ | 265,700 |
Stock-based compensation | 412 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3,655 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,658 |
Purchase of common stock for retirement | (462) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (1,431) |  |  | (4,955) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,390) |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (137,051) |  |  | — |  |  | (137,051) |
Balance, March 31, 2022 | 60,112 |  |  | 601 |  |  | 823,937 |  |  | (701,123) |  |  | 2,502 |  |  | 125,917 |
Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | 632 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 632 |
Stock-based compensation | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,017 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,017 |
Purchase of common stock for retirement | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (94) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (94) |
Exercise of stock options | 65 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,131 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,132 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 149,125 |  |  | — |  |  | 149,125 |
Balance, June 30, 2022 | 60,220 |  |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | 827,623 |  |  | $ | (551,998) |  |  | $ | 2,502 |  |  | $ | 278,729 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |
|  |  |  |  | Additional |  | Accumulated |  | Other |  |
| Common Stock |  | Paid-In |  | (Deficit) |  | Comprehensive |  | Total
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | Income |  | Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022 | 60,471 |  |  | $ | 604 |  |  | $ | 836,491 |  |  | $ | (200,687) |  |  | $ | 8,129 |  |  | $ | 644,537 |
Stock-based compensation | 340 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,317 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,317 |
Purchase of common stock for retirement | (81) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,114) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,114) |
Exercise of stock options | 300 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6,368 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,374 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | (11) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 237,890 |  |  | — |  |  | 237,890 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 | 61,030 |  |  | 610 |  |  | 842,062 |  |  | 37,203 |  |  | 8,118 |  |  | 887,993 |
Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 726 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 726 |
Stock-based compensation | 115 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,655 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,656 |
Purchase of common stock for retirement | (128) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (464) |  |  | (2,601) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,066) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | (11) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,013 |
Balance, June 30, 2023 | 61,044 |  |  | $ | 610 |  |  | $ | 845,979 |  |  | $ | 64,615 |  |  | $ | 8,107 |  |  | $ | 919,311 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Note 1—Overview
Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (“Par” or the “Company”) own and operate market-leading energy and infrastructure businesses. Our strategy is to acquire and develop businesses in logistically complex, niche markets. Currently, we operate in three primary business segments:
1) Refining - We own and operate four refineries in Hawaii, Wyoming, Washington, and Montana. Beginning June 1, 2023, we own and operate a refinery that processes Western Canadian and regional Rocky Mountain crude oil and a 65% interest in an adjacent cogeneration facility in Billings, Montana.
2) Retail - Our retail outlets in Hawaii, Washington, and Idaho sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise through Hele and “76” branded sites, “nomnom” branded company-operated convenience stores, 7-Eleven operated convenience stores, other sites operated by third parties, and unattended cardlock stations.
3) Logistics - We operate an extensive multi-modal logistics network spanning the Pacific, the Northwest, and the Rocky Mountain regions to transport and store our crude oil and refined products for our refineries and transport refined products to our retail sites or third-party purchasers. Beginning June 1, 2023, we maintain ownership in distribution and logistics assets in the upper Rockies region, including the wholly owned Silvertip Pipeline, a 40% interest in the Yellowstone refined products pipeline, and four wholly owned and three joint venture refined product terminals.
As of June 30, 2023, we owned a 46.0% equity investment in Laramie Energy, LLC (“Laramie Energy”). Laramie Energy is focused on developing and producing natural gas in Garfield, Mesa, and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado. As noted in the Refining and Logistics discussions above, as of June 30, 2023 through the Billings Acquisition (as defined in Note 5—Acquisitions), we own a 65% and a 40% equity investment in Yellowstone Energy Limited Partnership, (“YELP”) and Yellowstone Pipeline Company (“YPLC”), respectively.
Our Corporate and Other reportable segment primarily includes general and administrative costs and certain development expenses associated with our renewable fuel initiatives.
Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Par and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts previously reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements for prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q, and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this report include all material adjustments of a normal recurring nature that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the complete fiscal year or for any other period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the related disclosures. Actual amounts could differ from these estimates.
6

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Allowance for Credit Losses
We are exposed to credit losses primarily through our sales of refined products. Credit limits and/or prepayment requirements are set based on such factors as the customer’s financial results, credit rating, payment history, and industry and are reviewed annually for customers with material credit limits. Credit allowances are reviewed at least quarterly based on changes in the customer’s creditworthiness due to economic conditions, liquidity, and business strategy as publicly reported and through discussions between the customer and the Company. We establish provisions for losses on trade receivables based on the estimated credit loss we expect to incur over the life of the receivable. We did not have a material change in our allowances on trade receivables during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.
Cost Classifications
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) includes the hydrocarbon-related costs of inventory sold, transportation costs of delivering product to customers, crude oil consumed in the refining process, costs to satisfy our Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”) and other environmental credit obligations, and certain hydrocarbon fees and taxes. Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) also includes the unrealized gains and losses on derivatives and inventory valuation adjustments. Certain direct operating expenses related to our logistics segment are also included in Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation).
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) includes direct costs of labor, maintenance and services, energy and utility costs, property taxes, and environmental compliance costs, as well as chemicals and catalysts and other direct operating expenses.
The following table summarizes depreciation and finance lease amortization expense excluded from each line item in our condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cost of revenues |  | $ | 5,022 |  |  | $ | 5,175 |  |  | $ | 10,021 |  |  | $ | 10,227 |
Operating expense |  | 16,153 |  |  | 13,183 |  |  | 28,557 |  |  | 26,080 |
General and administrative expense |  | 578 |  |  | 771 |  |  | 1,080 |  |  | 1,419 |

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
There have been no developments to recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Note 3—Refining and Logistics Equity Investments
Yellowstone Energy Limited Partnership
On June 1, 2023, we completed the Billings Acquisition (as defined in Note 5—Acquisitions) and acquired a 65% limited partnership ownership interest in YELP. YELP owns a cogeneration facility in Billings, Montana, that converts petroleum coke, supplied from our Montana refinery and other nearby third-party refineries, into power production for the local utility grid. As of June 30, 2023, our investment in YELP was $58.0 million. We account for our investment in YELP using the equity method as we have the ability to exert significant influence over, but do not control its operating and financial policies. Our proportionate share of YELP’s net income (loss) will be recorded on a one-month lag basis and included in Equity (earnings) from refining and logistics investments on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Yellowstone Pipeline Company
On June 1, 2023, we completed the Billings Acquisition (as defined in Note 5—Acquisitions) and acquired a 40% ownership interest in YPLC. YPLC owns a refined products pipeline that begins at our Montana refinery and transports refined product to Montana and the Pacific Northwest. As of June 30, 2023, our investment in YPLC was $26.4 million. We account for our ownership interest in YPLC using the equity method as we have the ability to exert significant influence over, but do not control its operating and financial policies. Our proportionate share of YPLC’s net income of $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 is included in Equity (earnings) from refining and logistics investments on our condensed
7

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, on June 28, 2023, YPLC made a cash dividend to its shareholders, of which our proportionate share was $2.6 million.
Note 4—Investment in Laramie Energy
Laramie Energy
As of June 30, 2023, we had a 46.0% ownership interest in Laramie Energy. Laramie Energy is focused on developing and producing natural gas in Garfield, Mesa, and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado. The balance of our investment in Laramie Energy was zero as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Prior to February 21, 2023, Laramie Energy had a term loan agreement which provided a term loan secured by a lien on its natural gas and crude oil properties and related assets. Under the terms of the term loan, Laramie Energy was generally prohibited from making future cash distributions to its owners, including us, except for certain permitted tax distributions.
On February 21, 2023, Laramie Energy entered into a new term loan agreement which provides a $205 million first lien term loan facility with $160.0 million funded at closing and an optional $45 million delayed draw commitment, subject to certain terms and conditions. Laramie Energy used the proceeds from the term loan to repay the then-outstanding balance of $76.3 million on its prior term loan, including accrued interest and prepayment penalties, and fully redeem preferred equity of $73.5 million. After deducting transaction costs, net proceeds were $4.8 million. Under the terms of the new term loan, Laramie is permitted to make future cash distributions to its owners, including us, subject to certain restrictions. Laramie Energy’s term loan matures on February 21, 2027. As of June 30, 2023, the term loan had an outstanding balance of $155.0 million.
On March 1, 2023, pursuant to its new term loan agreement, Laramie Energy made a one-time cash distribution to its owners, including us, based on ownership percentage. Our share of this distribution was $10.7 million, which was reflected as Return of capital from Laramie Energy, LLC on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. We recorded the cash received as Equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC on our condensed consolidated statements of operations because the carrying value of our investment in Laramie Energy was zero at the time of such distribution.
Effective February 21, 2023, and concurrent with the new term loan agreement noted above, we resumed the application of equity method accounting with respect to our investment in Laramie Energy. At June 30, 2023, our equity in the underlying net assets of Laramie Energy exceeded the carrying value of our investment by approximately $76.4 million. This difference arose primarily due to other-than-temporary impairments of our equity investment in Laramie Energy.
Note 5—Acquisitions
Billings Acquisition
On October 20, 2022, we and our subsidiaries Par Montana, LLC (“Par Montana”), Par Montana Holdings, LLC (“Par Montana Holdings”), and Par Rocky Mountain Midstream, LLC (“Par Rocky Mountain”, and together with Par Montana and Par Montana Holdings, the “Purchasers”), entered into an equity and asset purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Exxon Mobil Corporation, ExxonMobil Oil Corporation, and ExxonMobil Pipeline Company LLC (collectively, the “Sellers”) to purchase (i) the high-conversion, complex refinery located in Billings, Montana and certain associated distribution and logistics assets, (ii) the Sellers’ 65% limited partnership equity interest in YELP, and (iii) the Sellers’ 40% equity interest in YPLC for a base purchase price of $310.0 million plus the value of hydrocarbon inventory and adjusted working capital at closing (collectively, the “Billings Acquisition”). The Billings Acquisition enhances our fully integrated downstream network in the upper Rockies and Pacific Northwest. The Billings Acquisition increases scale and geographic diversification on the U.S. mainland and allows for efficient access to alternative markets.
On June 1, 2023, we completed the Billings Acquisition for a total purchase price of approximately $638.2 million (before consideration of the preliminary working capital adjustment), consisting of a cash deposit of $30.0 million paid on October 20, 2022 upon execution of the Purchase Agreement and $608.2 million paid at closing on June 1, 2023. The preliminary working capital adjustment is $12.7 million, which will reduce the total purchase price. The Company funded the Billings Acquisition with cash on hand and borrowings from the ABL Credit Facility (as defined in Note 11—Debt) under the ABL Credit Facility (as defined in Note 11—Debt).
8

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
We accounted for the Billings Acquisition as a business combination whereby the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition. A summary of the preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows (in thousands):

Trade accounts receivable | $ | 2,395 |
Inventories | 299,228 |
Property, plant, and equipment | 259,088 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 3,562 |
Investment in refining and logistics subsidiaries | 86,600 |
Other long-term assets | 4,094 |
Total assets (1) | 654,967 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 2,081 |
Other current liabilities | 7,056 |
Environmental liabilities | 18,869 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 1,481 |
Total liabilities | 29,487 |
Total | $ | 625,480 |

_______________________________________________________
(1)We allocated $531.7 million and $123.3 million of total assets to our refining and logistics segments, respectively.
We have recorded a preliminary estimate of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and expect to finalize the purchase price allocation during the first part of 2024. The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that are not finalized as of June 30, 2023 relate to inventory, property, plant, and equipment, and the environmental liabilities. Any final valuation adjustments could change the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, resulting in a change to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which could be material.
We incurred $5.1 million and $10.4 million of acquisition costs related to the Billings Acquisition for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. These costs are included in Acquisition and integration costs on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
We assumed certain environmental liabilities associated with the Billings Acquisition, including costs related to hazardous waste corrective measures, ground and surface water sampling and monitoring. We expect to incur these costs over a 20 to 30 year period.
The results of operations of the Montana refinery, newly acquired logistics assets in the Rockies region, and YELP and YPLC equity investments were included in our results beginning on June 1, 2023. For both of the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, our results of operations included revenues of $217.2 million and a net loss of $15.6 million related to these assets. The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents our consolidated revenues and net income (loss) as if the Billings Acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2022 (in thousands):

|  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues |  | $ | 4,410,002 |  |  | $ | 4,733,450 |
Net income (loss) |  | 419,113 |  |  | (80,237) |

These pro forma results were based on estimates and assumptions that we believe are reasonable. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the Billings Acquisition been effective as of the dates presented, nor is it indicative of future operating results of the combined company. Pro forma adjustments include (i) incremental depreciation resulting from the estimated fair value of property, plant, and equipment acquired, (ii) transaction costs which were shifted from the six months ended June 30, 2023 to the six months ended June 30, 2022 and (iii) elimination of historical transactions between Par and the Montana assets.
9

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Note 6—Revenue Recognition
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, receivables from contracts with customers were $367.7 million and $242.5 million, respectively. Our refining segment recognizes deferred revenues when cash payments are received in advance of delivery of products to the customer. Deferred revenue was $14.2 million and $11.5 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We have elected to apply a practical expedient not to disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected duration of less than one year and (ii) contracts where the variable consideration has been allocated entirely to our unsatisfied performance obligation.
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by major product line and includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues to total segment revenues (in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product or service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline |  | $ | 603,598 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 109,265 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distillates (1) |  | 700,048 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,368 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other refined products (2) |  | 404,619 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,892 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transportation and terminalling services |  | — |  |  | 64,709 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other revenue |  | 276 |  |  | — |  |  | 871 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total segment revenues (3) |  | $ | 1,708,541 |  |  | $ | 64,709 |  |  | $ | 148,396 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product or service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline |  | $ | 614,942 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 112,231 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distillates (1) |  | 896,601 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,224 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other refined products (2) |  | 526,854 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,907 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transportation and terminalling services |  | — |  |  | 50,633 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other revenue |  | 6,058 |  |  | — |  |  | 849 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total segment revenues (3) |  | $ | 2,044,455 |  |  | $ | 50,633 |  |  | $ | 147,211 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product or service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline |  | $ | 1,053,922 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 209,453 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distillates (1) |  | 1,479,101 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,967 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other refined products (2) |  | 790,228 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,720 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transportation and terminalling services |  | — |  |  | 117,097 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other revenue |  | 702 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,828 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total segment revenues (3) |  | $ | 3,323,953 |  |  | $ | 117,097 |  |  | $ | 283,968 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

10

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product or service: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline |  | $ | 1,016,051 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 202,006 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distillates (1) |  | 1,484,684 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,734 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other refined products (2) |  | 830,461 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,722 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transportation and terminalling services |  | — |  |  | 93,094 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other revenue |  | 12,482 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,658 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total segment revenues (3) |  | $ | 3,343,678 |  |  | $ | 93,094 |  |  | $ | 267,120 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

_______________________________________________________
(1)Distillates primarily include diesel and jet fuel.
(2)Other refined products include fuel oil, vacuum gas oil, and asphalt.
(3)Refer to Note 19—Segment Information for the reconciliation of segment revenues to total consolidated revenues.
Note 7—Inventories
Inventories at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

| Titled Inventory |  | Supply and Offtake Agreement (1) |  | Total
June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Crude oil and feedstocks | $ | 152,175 |  |  | $ | 216,782 |  |  | $ | 368,957 |
Refined products and blendstock | 337,097 |  |  | 158,509 |  |  | 495,606 |
Warehouse stock and other (2) | 376,931 |  |  | — |  |  | 376,931 |
Total | $ | 866,203 |  |  | $ | 375,291 |  |  | $ | 1,241,494 |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |
Crude oil and feedstocks | $ | 112,082 |  |  | $ | 265,536 |  |  | $ | 377,618 |
Refined products and blendstock | 188,040 |  |  | 168,624 |  |  | 356,664 |
Warehouse stock and other (2) | 307,701 |  |  | — |  |  | 307,701 |
Total | $ | 607,823 |  |  | $ | 434,160 |  |  | $ | 1,041,983 |

________________________________________________________
(1)Please read Note 9—Inventory Financing Agreements for further information.
(2)Includes $293.3 million and $258.2 million of RINs and environmental credits, reported at the lower of cost or net realizable value, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. RINs and environmental credit obligations of $433.0 million and $549.8 million, reported at market value, are included in Other accrued liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. If we marked our RINs and environmental credits to fair market value, our net environmental credit obligations would have been $100.9 million and $152.6 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was no reserve for the lower of cost or net realizable value of inventory. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the excess of current replacement cost over the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) inventory carrying value at the Washington refinery was approximately $41.1 million and $46.4 million, respectively.
11

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Note 8—Prepaid and Other Current Assets
Prepaid and other current assets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Collateral posted with broker for derivative instruments (1) | $ | 29,973 |  |  | $ | 40,788 |
Billings Acquisition deposit (2) | — |  |  | 30,000 |
Prepaid insurance | 7,718 |  |  | 15,639 |
Other | 17,123 |  |  | 5,616 |
Total | $ | 54,814 |  |  | $ | 92,043 |

_________________________________________________________
(1)Our cash margin that is required as collateral deposits on our commodity derivatives cannot be offset against the fair value of open contracts except in the event of default. Please read Note 12—Derivatives for further information.
(2)Please read Note 5—Acquisitions for further information.
Note 9—Inventory Financing Agreements
The following table summarizes our outstanding obligations under our inventory financing agreements (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Supply and Offtake Agreement | $ | 568,670 |  |  | $ | 732,511 |
Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement | 214,952 |  |  | 160,554 |
Obligations under inventory financing agreements | $ | 783,622 |  |  | $ | 893,065 |

Supply and Offtake Agreement
Under the Second Amended and Restated Supply and Offtake Agreement (as amended, the “Supply and Offtake Agreement”), J. Aron & Company LLC (“J. Aron”) finances the majority of the crude oil utilized at the Hawaii refinery, holds legal title to the crude oil stored in our storage tanks before processing until title passes to us at the tank outlet, and buys refined products produced at our Hawaii refinery, after which we repurchase the refined products prior to selling them to our retail locations or third parties. Under the Supply and Offtake Agreement, J. Aron may enter into agreements with third parties whereby J. Aron remits payments to these third parties for refinery procurement contracts for which we will become immediately obligated to reimburse J. Aron. The Supply and Offtake Agreement expires May 31, 2024 (as extended, the “Expiration Date”), subject to a one-year extension at the mutual agreement of the parties at least 120 days prior to the Expiration Date. The Supply and Offtake Agreement also makes available a discretionary draw facility (the “Discretionary Draw Facility”) to Par Hawaii Refining, LLC (“PHR”).
On April 25, 2022, we entered into an amendment (the “S&O Amendment”) to the Supply and Offtake Agreement which, among other things, amended the maximum commitment amount under the Discretionary Draw Facility from $165 million to $215 million. The S&O Amendment further increased the limit in the borrowing base for eligible hydrocarbon inventory from $82.5 million to $107.5 million. The S&O Amendment further requires a $5.0 million reserve against the borrowing base at any time more than $165 million is outstanding in discretionary draw advances made to PHR; the reserve may be reduced by the posting of cash collateral by PHR in accordance with the terms of the S&O Amendment. On February 13, 2023, we entered into an amendment to the Supply and Offtake Agreement to, among other things, facilitate entry into the Term Loan Credit Agreement. On June 21, 2023, we entered into an amendment (the June “2023 S&O Amendment”) to establish the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), as defined in the Supply and Offtake Agreement, as the benchmark rate in replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and revise certain other terms and conditions, effective July 1, 2023.
Under the Supply and Offtake Agreement, we pay or receive certain fees from J. Aron based on changes in market prices over time. In 2021 and 2022, we entered into multiple contracts to fix certain market fees for the period from January 2022 through May 2022 for $8.7 million. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we did not enter into any contracts to fix market fees related to our Supply and Offtake Agreement. We had no fixed market fees due to or from J. Aron as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The amount due to or from J. Aron was recorded as an adjustment to our Obligations under inventory financing agreements as allowed under the Supply and Offtake Agreement. We did not recognize any fixed market fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. We recognized fixed market fees of $1.6 million and $8.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, which were included in Cost of revenues (excluding
12

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
depreciation) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement
The Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement with Merrill Lynch Commodities, Inc. (“MLC”) provides a structured financing arrangement based on U.S. Oil & Refining Co. and certain affiliated entities’ crude oil and refined products inventories and associated accounts receivable. On May 9, 2022, we and MLC amended the Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement to increase the maximum borrowing capacity under the MLC receivable advances from $90 million to $115 million. On August 11, 2022, we and MLC entered into an amendment to the Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement to establish the adjusted three-month term SOFR rate as the benchmark rate in replacement of the LIBOR rate and revise certain other terms and conditions. On November 2, 2022, we and MLC amended the Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement to further extend the term through March 31, 2024 and reduce the maximum borrowing capacity to $110 million. On February 28, 2023, we and MLC amended the Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement to facilitate entry into the Term Loan Credit Agreement, and on April 26, 2023, we and MLC amended the Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement to facilitate entry into the ABL Credit Facility.
The following table summarizes our outstanding borrowings, letters of credit, and contractual undertaking obligations under the intermediation agreements (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Discretionary Draw Facility |  |  |
Outstanding borrowings (1) | $ | 146,157 |  |  | $ | 204,843 |
Borrowing capacity | 146,157 |  |  | 204,843 |
MLC receivable advances |  |  |
Outstanding borrowings (1) | 83,882 |  |  | 56,601 |
Borrowing capacity | 83,882 |  |  | 56,601 |
MLC issued letters of credit | 75,830 |  |  | 115,001 |

______________________________________________________
(1)Borrowings outstanding under the Discretionary Draw Facility and MLC receivable advances are included in Obligations under inventory financing agreements on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the borrowings outstanding under these arrangements are included within Cash flows from financing activities on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
The following table summarizes the inventory intermediation fees, which are included in Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, and Interest expense and financing costs, net related to the intermediation agreements (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net fees and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supply and Offtake Agreement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory intermediation fees (1) |  |  |  | $ | 12,628 |  |  | $ | 28,522 |  |  | $ | 26,627 |  |  | $ | 39,445 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net |  |  |  | 1,895 |  |  | 1,858 |  |  | 3,620 |  |  | 3,102 |
Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory intermediation fees |  |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 1,500 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net |  |  |  | 3,313 |  |  | 2,943 |  |  | 5,972 |  |  | 4,897 |

___________________________________________________
(1)Inventory intermediation fees under the Supply and Offtake Agreement include market structure fees of $1.8 million and $19.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and $4.2 million and $23.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Supply and Offtake Agreement and the Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement also provide us with the ability to economically hedge price risk on our inventories and crude oil purchases. Please read Note 12—Derivatives for further information.
13

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Note 10—Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Accrued payroll and other employee benefits | $ | 22,617 |  |  | $ | 27,815 |
Gross environmental credit obligations (1) | 433,031 |  |  | 549,791 |
Other | 57,483 |  |  | 62,888 |
Total | $ | 513,131 |  |  | $ | 640,494 |

___________________________________________________
(1)Gross environmental credit obligations are stated at market as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Please read Note 13—Fair Value Measurements for further information. A portion of these obligations are expected to be settled with our RINs assets and other environmental credits, which are presented as Inventories on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The carrying costs of these assets were $293.3 million and $258.2 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. If we marked our RINs and environmental credits to fair market value, our net environmental credit obligations at market value would have been $100.9 million and $152.6 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 11—Debt
The following table summarizes our outstanding debt (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
ABL Credit Facility due 2028 | $ | 41,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Term Loan Credit Agreement due 2030 | 548,625 |  |  | — |
7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 | — |  |  | 281,000 |
Term Loan B Facility due 2026 | — |  |  | 203,125 |
12.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 | — |  |  | 31,314 |
Other long-term debt | 5,058 |  |  | — |
Principal amount of long-term debt | 594,683 |  |  | 515,439 |
Less: unamortized discount and deferred financing costs | (15,568) |  |  | (9,907) |
Total debt, net of unamortized discount and deferred financing costs | 579,115 |  |  | 505,532 |
Less: current maturities, net of unamortized discount and deferred financing costs | (4,353) |  |  | (10,956) |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | $ | 574,762 |  |  | $ | 494,576 |

As of June 30, 2023, we had $215.0 million in letters of credit outstanding under the ABL Credit Facility, as defined below. As of December 31, 2022, we had $19.5 million in letters of credit outstanding under the Prior ABL Credit Facility, as defined below. We had $70.0 million and $5.9 million in cash-collateralized letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, under agreements with MLC and under certain other facilities.
Under the ABL Credit Facility and the Term Loan Credit Agreement, defined below, our subsidiaries are restricted from paying dividends or making other equity distributions, subject to certain exceptions.
ABL Credit Facility due 2028
On April 26, 2023, in connection with the Billings Acquisition, we repaid in full and terminated the loan and security agreements with certain lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent (as amended from time to time, “Prior ABL Credit Facility”) and entered into an Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement with certain lenders, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent (as amended from time to time, the “ABL Credit Facility”), providing for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of up to $150 million and secured by a first priority lien over certain of our assets and other personal property, subject to certain customary exceptions.
14

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
In accordance with ASC Topic 470, "Debt", we accounted for the ABL Credit Facility as a debt m odification and unamortized deferred financing costs/modification costs o f $0.7 million were rolled into the ABL Credit Facility which will be amortized over the remaining term of the ABL Credit Facility.
On May 30, 2023, the ABL Credit Facility was amended (“ABL Credit Facility Billings Amendment”) in order to, among other things, increase the principal amount to $450 million, adjust the borrowing base to account for the Billings Acquisition assets, and fund an escrow account to purchase a portion of the hydrocarbon inventory associated with the Billings Acquisition. Initially the ABL Credit Facility permitted the issuance of letters of credit of up to $65 million, with the ABL Credit Facility Billings Amendment this amount increased to $250 million. The ABL Credit Facility will mature, and the commitments thereunder will terminate on April 26, 2028. As of June 30, 2023, the ABL Credit Facility had $41.0 million outstanding revolving loans, $215.0 million in letters of credit outstanding, and a borrowing base of approxi mately $531.0 million.
The interest rates applicable to borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility is based on a fluctuating rate of interest measured by reference to either, at our option, (i) a base rate, plus an applicable margin, or (ii) an Adjusted Term SOFR rate, plus an applicable margin. The initial applicable margin for borrowings under the Facilities is 0.50% per annum with respect to base rate borrowings and 1.50% per annum with respect to SOFR borrowings, and the applicable margin for such borrowings after June 30, 2023 will be based on the our quarterly average excess availability as determined by reference to a borrowing base, ranging from 0.25% per annum to 0.75% per annum with respect to base rate borrowings and from 1.25% per annum to 1.75% per annum with respect to SOFR borrowings. We will also pay a de minimis fee for any undrawn amounts available under the ABL Credit Facility.
The ABL Credit Facility includes certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a minimum financial fixed charge coverage ratio and a minimum Borrower Group Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. In addition, the covenants limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers, or consolidations, engage in certain hedging transactions, and pay dividends and other restricted payments.
Term Loan Credit Agreement due 2030
On February 28, 2023, we entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “Agent”), and the lenders party thereto (“Lenders”). Pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the Lenders made an initial senior secured term loan in the principal amount of $550.0 million at a price equal to 98.5% of its face value. The initial loan bears interest at SOFR, as defined below. The net proceeds were used to refinance our existing Term Loan B Facility and repurchase our outstanding 7.75% Senior Secured Notes and 12.875% Senior Secured Notes and any remaining net proceeds are expected to be used for general corporate purposes. We recognized an aggregate of $2.8 million in debt modification costs in connection with the refinancing, which were recorded in Debt extinguishment and commitment costs on our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months June 30, 2023.
The Term Loan Credit Agreement bears interest at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to either a SOFR rate or base rate “Base Rate”, provided that the Base Rate shall not be below 1.5%, as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement. The SOFR rate and Base Rate definitions are summarized below:

SOFR Rate loan | Secured overnight financing rate plus the applicable margin of 4.250% per annum with a stepdown in the applicable margin of 0.25% in the event the Company’s credit rating is upgraded to Ba3/BB-,
Base Rate loan | A per annum rate plus the applicable margin of 3.250%. The base rate is the greatest of:
• | a rate as calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York based on such day’s federal funds transactions by depository institutions (“Federal Funds Rate”) for such day, plus 0.5%;
• | a rate equal to adjusted term SOFR for a one month interest period as of such day plus 1.0%; or
• | a rate as announced by Wells Fargo (the “Prime Rate”).

15

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
The Term Loan Credit Agreement requires quarterly payments of $1.4 million on the last business day of each March, June, September and December, commencing on June 30, 2023, with the balance due upon maturity. The Term Loan Credit Agreement matures on February 28, 2030.
7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2025
On February 28, 2023, we repurchased and cancelled $260.6 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.75% Senior Secured Notes at a repurchase price of 102.120% of the aggregate principal amount repurchased. On March 17, 2023, we repurchased and cancelled all remaining outstanding 7.75% Senior Secured Notes at a repurchase price of 101.938% of the aggregate principal amount repurchased. In connection with the termination of the 7.75% Senior Secured Notes, we recognized debt extinguishment costs of $5.9 million associated with debt repurchase premiums and $3.4 million associated with unamortized deferred financing costs, which were recorded in Debt extinguishment and commitment costs on our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Our 7.75% Senior Secured Notes bore interest at a rate of 7.750% per year (payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2018) and were due to mature on December 15, 2025.
Term Loan B Facility due 2026
On February 28, 2023, we terminated and repaid all amounts outstanding under the Term Loan B Facility. We recognized debt extinguishment costs of $1.7 million associated with unamortized deferred financing costs, which were recorded in Debt extinguishment and commitment costs on our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The Term Loan B Facility bore interest at a rate per annum equal to Adjusted LIBOR (as defined in the Term Loan B Facility) plus an applicable margin of 6.75% or at a rate per annum equal to Alternate Base Rate (as defined in the Term Loan B Facility) plus an applicable margin of 5.75%. In addition to the quarterly interest payments, the Term Loan B Facility required quarterly principal payments of $3.1 million. The Term Loan B Facility was due to mature on January 11, 2026.
12.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2026
On February 28, 2023, we repurchased and cancelled $29 million in aggregate principal amount of the 12.875% Senior Secured Notes at a repurchase price of 109.044% of the aggregate principal amount repurchased. On March 17, 2023, we repurchased and cancelled all remaining outstanding 12.875% Senior Secured Notes at a repurchase price of 108.616% of the aggregate principal amount repurchased. In connection with the termination of the 12.875% Senior Secured Notes, we recognized debt extinguishment costs of $2.8 million associated with debt repurchase premiums and $1.1 million associated with unamortized deferred financing costs, which were recorded in Debt extinguishment and commitment costs on our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The 12.875% Senior Secured Notes bore interest at an annual rate of 12.875% per year (payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2021) and were due to mature on January 15, 2026.
Other long-term debt
On June 7, 2023, we entered into two promissory notes with a third-party lender to acquire land in Kahului, Hawaii, and Hilo, Hawaii totaling $5.1 million. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.625% per annum and are payable on the first day of each month, commencing on July 1, 2023, until maturity. The promissory notes are unsecured and mature on June 7, 2030.
Cross Default Provisions
Included within each of our debt agreements are affirmative and negative covenants, and customary cross default provisions, that require the repayment of amounts outstanding on demand unless the triggering payment default or acceleration is remedied, rescinded, or waived. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our debt instruments.
Guarantors
In connection with our shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and became automatically effective on February 14, 2022 (“Registration Statement”), we may sell non-convertible debt securities and other securities in one or more offerings with an aggregate initial offering price of up to $750.0 million. Any non-convertible debt securities issued under the Registration Statement may be fully and unconditionally guaranteed (except for customary release provisions), on a joint and several basis, by some or all of our subsidiaries, other than subsidiaries that are “minor” within the meaning of Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”). We have
16

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
excluded the summarized financial information for the Guarantor Subsidiaries as the assets and results of operations of the Company and the Guarantor Subsidiaries are not materially different than the corresponding amounts presented on our consolidated financial statements.
Note 12—Derivatives
Commodity Derivatives
Our condensed consolidated balance sheets present derivative assets and liabilities on a net basis. Please read Note 13—Fair Value Measurements for the gross fair value and net carrying value of our derivative instruments.
Our open futures and over-the-counter (“OTC”) swaps at June 30, 2023, will settle by December 2024. At June 30, 2023, our open commodity derivative contracts represented (in thousands of barrels):

Contract Type |  | Purchases |  | Sales |  | Net
Futures |  | 45,493 |  |  | (45,912) |  |  | (419) |
Swaps |  | 6,548 |  |  | (10,294) |  |  | (3,746) |
Total |  | 52,041 |  |  | (56,206) |  |  | (4,165) |

At June 30, 2023, we also had option collars that economically hedge a portion of our internally consumed fuel at our refineries. The following table provides information on these option collars at our refineries as of June 30, 2023:

|  | 2023 |  | 2024
Average barrels per month |  | 166,667 |  |  | 148,168 |
Weighted-average strike price - floor (in dollars) |  | $ | 65.49 |  |  | $ | 60.95 |
Weighted-average strike price - ceiling (in dollars) |  | $ | 88.19 |  |  | $ | 83.20 |
Earliest commencement date |  | July 2023 |  | January 2024
Furthest expiry date |  | December 2023 |  | June 2024

Interest Rate Derivatives
We are exposed to interest rate volatility in our ABL Credit Facility, Term Loan Credit Agreement, Supply and Offtake Agreement, and Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement. We may utilize interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate risk. On April 12, 2023, we entered into an interest rate collar transaction to manage our interest rate risk on the Term Loan Credit Agreement. The interest rate collar agreement reduces variable interest rate risk from May 31, 2023, through May 31, 2026, with a notional amount of $300.0 million as of June 30, 2023. The terms of the agreement provide for an interest rate cap of 5.50% and floor of 2.295%, based on the three month SOFR as of the fixing date. We pay variable interest quarterly until the three month SOFR reaches the floor. If the three month SOFR is between the floor and the cap, no payment is due to either party. If the three month SOFR is greater than the cap, the counterparty pays us. The interest rate collar transaction expires on May 31, 2026. As of December 31, 2022, we did not hold any interest rate derivative instruments.
The following table provides information on the fair value amounts (in thousands) of these derivatives as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and their placement within our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

| Balance Sheet Location |  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  |  | Asset (Liability)
Commodity derivatives (1) | Prepaid and other current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 495 |
Commodity derivatives | Other accrued liabilities |  | (18,659) |  |  | (10,989) |
Commodity derivatives | Other liabilities |  | (199) |  |  | — |
J. Aron repurchase obligation derivative | Obligations under inventory financing agreements |  | (6,628) |  |  | (12,156) |
MLC terminal obligation derivative | Obligations under inventory financing agreements |  | 1,044 |  |  | 14,435 |
Interest rate derivatives | Other long-term assets |  | 543 |  |  | — |

17

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
_________________________________________________________
(1)Does not include cash collateral of $30.0 million and $40.8 million recorded in Prepaid and other current assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and $9.5 million in Other long-term assets as of both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The following table summarizes the pre-tax gains (losses) recognized in Net income (loss) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations resulting from changes in fair value of derivative instruments not designated as hedges charged directly to earnings (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| Statement of Operations Location |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Commodity derivatives | Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | $ | (6,104) |  |  | $ | (39,024) |  |  | $ | (6,728) |  |  | $ | (57,478) |
J. Aron repurchase obligation derivative | Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | (7,852) |  |  | 13,229 |  |  | 5,528 |  |  | (30,040) |
MLC terminal obligation derivative | Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 20,490 |  |  | (25,796) |  |  | 3,467 |  |  | (90,192) |
Interest rate derivatives | Interest expense and financing costs, net |  | 543 |  |  | — |  |  | 543 |  |  | — |

Note 13—Fair Value Measurements
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Purchase Price Allocation of Billings Acquisition
The preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as a result of the Billings Acquisition were estimated as of June 1, 2023, the date of the acquisition, using valuation techniques described in notes (1) through (5) below.

|  |  | Valuation
| Fair Value |  | Technique
| (in thousands) |  |
Net working capital excluding operating leases | $ | 294,567 |  |  | (1)
Property, plant, and equipment | 259,088 |  |  | (2)
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 3,562 |  |  | (3)
Refining and logistics equity investments | 86,600 |  |  | (4)
Other long-term assets | 4,094 |  |  | (1)
Current operating lease liabilities | (2,081) |  |  | (3)
Long-term operating lease liabilities | (1,481) |  |  | (3)
Environmental liabilities | (18,869) |  |  | (5)
Total | $ | 625,480 |  |  |

(1)Current assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their net realizable value. Other long-term assets includes preliminary costs for future turnarounds that were recently incurred and were recorded at their net realizable value.
(2)The fair value of personal property was estimated using the cost approach. Key assumptions in the cost approach include determining the replacement cost by evaluating recent purchases of comparable assets or published data, and adjusting replacement cost for economic and functional obsolescence, location, normal useful lives, and capacity (if applicable). The fair value of real property was estimated using the market approach. Key assumptions in the market approach include determining the asset value by evaluating recent purchases of comparable assets under similar circumstances. We consider this to be a Level 3 fair value measurement.
(3)Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities were recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term using the incremental borrowing rate at acquisition of 9.6%.
18

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
(4)The fair value of our investments in YELP and YPLC were determined using a combination of the income approach and the market approach. Under the income approach, we estimated the present value of expected future cash flows using a market participant discount rate. Under the market approach, we estimated fair value using observable multiples for comparable companies in the investments’ industries. These valuation methods require us to make significant estimates and assumptions regarding future cash flows, capital projects, commodity prices, long-term growth rates, and discount rates. We consider this to be a Level 3 fair value measurement.
(5)Environmental liabilities are based on management’s best estimates of probable future costs using currently available information. We consider this to be a Level 3 fair value measurement.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Derivative Instruments
We utilize commodity derivative contracts to manage our price exposure to our inventory positions, future purchases of crude oil, future purchases and sales of refined products, and cost of crude oil consumed in the refining process. We may utilize interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate risk.
We classify financial assets and liabilities according to the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities classified as Level 1 instruments are valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. These include our exchange traded futures. Level 2 instruments are valued using quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. Our Level 2 instruments include OTC swaps and options. These derivatives are valued using market quotations from independent price reporting agencies and commodity exchange price curves that are corroborated with market data. Level 3 instruments are valued using significant unobservable inputs that are not supported by sufficient market activity. The valuation of the embedded derivatives related to our J. Aron repurchase and MLC terminal obligations is based on estimates of the prices and differentials assuming settlement at the end of the reporting period. Estimates of the J. Aron and MLC settlement prices are based on observable inputs, such as Brent and West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil (“WTI”) indices, and unobservable inputs, such as contractual price differentials as defined in the Supply and Offtake Agreement and Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement. Such contractual differentials vary by location and by the type of product, have a weighted average premium of $11.09, and range from a discount of $5.64 per barrel to a premium of $48.39 per barrel as of June 30, 2023. Contractual price differentials are considered unobservable inputs; therefore, these embedded derivatives are classified as Level 3 instruments. We did not have other commodity derivatives classified as Level 3 at June 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022. Please read Note 12—Derivatives for further information on derivatives.
Gross Environmental credit obligations
Estimates of our gross environmental credit obligations are based on the amount of RINs or other environmental credits required to comply with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and the State of Washington’s regulations and the market prices of those RINs or other environmental credits as of the end of the reporting period. The gross environmental credit obligations are classified as Level 2 instruments as we obtain the pricing inputs for our RINs and other environmental credits from brokers based on market quotes on similar instruments. Please read Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies for further information on the EPA and the State of Washington’s regulations related to greenhouse gases.
19

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Financial Statement Impact
Fair value amounts by hierarchy level as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are presented gross in the tables below (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Gross Fair Value |  | Effect of Counter-Party Netting |  | Net Carrying Value on Balance Sheet (1)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 167,336 |  |  | $ | 11,944 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 179,280 |  |  | $ | (179,280) |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate derivatives | — |  |  | 543 |  |  | — |  |  | 543 |  |  | — |  |  | 543 |
Total | $ | 167,336 |  |  | $ | 12,487 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 179,823 |  |  | $ | (179,280) |  |  | $ | 543 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | (178,093) |  |  | $ | (20,045) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (198,138) |  |  | $ | 179,280 |  |  | $ | (18,858) |
J. Aron repurchase obligation derivative | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,628) |  |  | (6,628) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,628) |
MLC terminal obligation derivative | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,044 |  |  | 1,044 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,044 |
Gross environmental credit obligations (2) | — |  |  | (433,031) |  |  | — |  |  | (433,031) |  |  | — |  |  | (433,031) |
Total liabilities | $ | (178,093) |  |  | $ | (453,076) |  |  | $ | (5,584) |  |  | $ | (636,753) |  |  | $ | 179,280 |  |  | $ | (457,473) |

| December 31, 2022
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Gross Fair Value |  | Effect of Counter-Party Netting |  | Net Carrying Value on Balance Sheet (1)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | 161,541 |  |  | $ | 8,369 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 169,910 |  |  | $ | (169,415) |  |  | $ | 495 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | $ | (172,529) |  |  | $ | (7,875) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (180,404) |  |  | $ | 169,415 |  |  | $ | (10,989) |
J. Aron repurchase obligation derivative | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,156) |  |  | (12,156) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,156) |
MLC terminal obligation derivative | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,435 |  |  | 14,435 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,435 |
Gross environmental credit obligations (2) | — |  |  | (549,791) |  |  | — |  |  | (549,791) |  |  | — |  |  | (549,791) |
Total liabilities | $ | (172,529) |  |  | $ | (557,666) |  |  | $ | 2,279 |  |  | $ | (727,916) |  |  | $ | 169,415 |  |  | $ | (558,501) |

_________________________________________________________
(1)Does not include cash collateral of $39.5 million and $50.3 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, included within Prepaid and other current assets and Other long-term assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Does not include RINs assets and other environmental credits of $293.3 million and $258.2 million presented as Inventories on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
20

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
A roll forward of Level 3 derivative instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance, at beginning of period | $ | (5,979) |  |  | $ | (52,678) |  |  | $ | 2,279 |  |  | $ | (37,321) |
Settlements | (12,243) |  |  | 56,753 |  |  | (16,858) |  |  | 149,061 |
Total gains (losses) included in earnings (1) | 12,638 |  |  | (12,567) |  |  | 8,995 |  |  | (120,232) |
Balance, at end of period | $ | (5,584) |  |  | $ | (8,492) |  |  | $ | (5,584) |  |  | $ | (8,492) |

_________________________________________________________
(1)Included in Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The carrying value and fair value of long-term debt and other financial instruments as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

| June 30, 2023
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
ABL Credit Facility due 2028 (2) | 41,000 |  |  | 41,000 |
Term Loan Credit Agreement due 2030 (1) | 533,057 |  |  | 536,994 |
Other long-term debt (1) | 5,058 |  |  | 4,829 |
7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (1) (3) | — |  |  | — |
Term Loan B Facility due 2026 (1) (3) | — |  |  | — |
12.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 (1) (3) | — |  |  | — |

| December 31, 2022
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
Prior ABL Credit Facility due 2025 (2) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (1) | 277,137 |  |  | 276,785 |
Term Loan B Facility due 2026 (1) | 198,268 |  |  | 201,094 |
12.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 (1) | 30,127 |  |  | 34,029 |

_________________________________________________________
(1)The fair value measurements of the Term Loan Credit Agreement, Other long-term debt, 7.75% Senior Secured Notes, Term Loan B Facility, and 12.875% Senior Secured Notes are considered Level 2 measurements in the fair value hierarchy as discussed below.
(2)The fair value measurement of the ABL Credit Facility and the Prior ABL Credit Facility is considered a Level 3 measurement in the fair value hierarchy.
(3)The 7.75% Senior Secured Notes, Term Loan B Facility, and 12.875% Senior Secured Notes were fully repaid in 2023, please read Note 11—Debt for more information.
The fair value of the Term Loan Credit Agreement, Other long-term debt, 7.75% Senior Secured Notes, Term Loan B Facility, and 12.875% Senior Secured Notes were determined using a market approach based on quoted prices. The inputs used to measure the fair value are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy because the Term Loan Credit Agreement, Other long-term debt, 7.75% Senior Secured Notes, Term Loan B Facility, and 12.875% Senior Secured Notes may not be actively traded.
The carrying value of our ABL Credit Facility was determined to approximate fair value as of June 30, 2023. The fair value of all non-derivative financial instruments recorded in current assets, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and trade accounts receivable, and current liabilities, including accounts payable, approximate their carrying value due to their short-term nature.
Note 14—Leases
We have cancellable and non-cancellable finance and operating lease liabilities for the lease of land, vehicles, office space, retail facilities, and other facilities used in the storage and transportation of crude oil and refined products. Most of our
21

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 30 years or more. There are no material residual value guarantees associated with any of our leases.
The following table provides information on the amounts (in thousands) of our right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) and liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and their placement within our condensed consolidated balance sheets:

Lease type |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance |  | Property, plant, and equipment |  | $ | 22,095 |  |  | $ | 21,150 |
Finance |  | Accumulated amortization |  | (11,251) |  |  | (10,308) |
Finance |  | Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | $ | 10,844 |  |  | $ | 10,842 |
Operating |  | Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | 330,864 |  |  | 350,761 |
Total right-of-use assets |  | $ | 341,708 |  |  | $ | 361,603 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance |  | Other accrued liabilities |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | $ | 1,782 |
Operating |  | Operating lease liabilities |  | 69,053 |  |  | 66,081 |
Long-term |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance |  | Finance lease liabilities |  | 6,509 |  |  | 6,311 |
Operating |  | Operating lease liabilities |  | 270,964 |  |  | 292,701 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 348,185 |  |  | $ | 366,875 |

The following table summarizes the weighted-average lease terms and discount rates of our leases as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

|  |  |  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) |  |  |  |
Finance |  |  |  | 5.76 |  | 5.60
Operating |  |  |  | 8.96 |  | 9.00
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  |  |
Finance |  |  |  | 7.58 | % |  | 7.38 | %
Operating |  |  |  | 7.06 | % |  | 7.10 | %

The following table summarizes the lease costs and income recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
Lease cost (income) type |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Finance lease cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of finance lease ROU assets |  |  |  | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | 484 |  |  | $ | 946 |  |  | $ | 968 |
Interest on lease liabilities |  |  |  | 145 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 323 |
Operating lease cost |  |  |  | 24,421 |  |  | 21,993 |  |  | 48,290 |  |  | 44,247 |
Variable lease cost |  |  |  | 3,121 |  |  | 1,491 |  |  | 4,563 |  |  | 2,737 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  |  | 2,869 |  |  | 1,359 |  |  | 5,496 |  |  | 2,345 |
Net lease cost |  |  |  | $ | 31,029 |  |  | $ | 25,489 |  |  | $ | 59,587 |  |  | $ | 50,620 |
Operating lease income (1) |  |  |  | $ | (3,848) |  |  | $ | (3,219) |  |  | $ | (7,275) |  |  | $ | (4,065) |

_________________________________________________________
(1)The majority of our lessor income comes from leases with lease terms of one year or less and the estimated future undiscounted cash flows from lessor income are not expected to be material.
22

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
The following table summarizes the supplemental cash flow information related to leases as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
Lease type |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Financing cash flows from finance leases |  |  |  | $ | 899 |  |  | $ | 761 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  |  |  | 287 |  |  | 311 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  |  |  | 48,594 |  |  | 42,901 |
Non-cash supplemental amounts |  |  |  |  |  |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities |  |  |  | 944 |  |  | 594 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  |  |  | 16,684 |  |  | 13,692 |
ROU assets terminated in exchange for release from operating lease liabilities |  |  |  | — |  |  | 32,902 |

The table below includes the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for finance and operating leases as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands):

For the year ending December 31, |  | Finance leases |  | Operating leases |  | Total
2023 (1) |  | $ | 1,156 |  |  | $ | 49,047 |  |  | $ | 50,203 |
2024 |  | 2,000 |  |  | 78,717 |  |  | 80,717 |
2025 |  | 2,031 |  |  | 53,658 |  |  | 55,689 |
2026 |  | 1,563 |  |  | 47,025 |  |  | 48,588 |
2027 |  | 1,334 |  |  | 44,417 |  |  | 45,751 |
2028 |  | 572 |  |  | 41,528 |  |  | 42,100 |
Thereafter |  | 1,642 |  |  | 123,092 |  |  | 124,734 |
Total lease payments |  | 10,298 |  |  | 437,484 |  |  | 447,782 |
Less amount representing interest |  | (2,130) |  |  | (97,467) |  |  | (99,597) |
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 8,168 |  |  | $ | 340,017 |  |  | $ | 348,185 |

_________________________________________________________
(1)Represents the period from July 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023.
Additionally, we have $3.8 million and $18.5 million in future undiscounted cash flows for finance and operating leases that have not yet commenced, respectively. These leases are expected to commence when the lessor has made the equipment or location available to us to operate or begin construction, respectively.
Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to various lawsuits and other contingent matters. Additionally, we assumed certain liabilities associated with the Billings Acquisition. Please read Note 5—Acquisitions for further information. We establish accruals for specific legal matters when we determine that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. It is possible that an unfavorable outcome of one or more of these lawsuits or other contingencies could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Tax and Related Matters
We are also party to various other legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory, tax or government audits, inquiries, and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business. For example, during the first quarter of 2022 we received a tax assessment in the amount of $1.4 million from the Washington Department of Revenue related to its audit of certain taxes allegedly payable on certain sales of raw vacuum gas oil that occurred between 2014 and 2016. We believe the Department of Revenue’s interpretation is in conflict with its prior guidance and we appealed in November 2022. By opinion dated September 22, 2021, the Hawaii Attorney General reversed a prior 1964 opinion exempting various business transactions conducted in the Hawaii foreign trade zone from certain state taxes. We and other similarly situated state taxpayers who had previously claimed such exemptions are currently being audited for such prior tax periods. Similarly, on September 30, 2021, we received notice of a complaint filed on May 17, 2021, on camera and under seal in the first circuit court of the state of Hawaii alleging that Par Hawaii Refining, LLC, Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and certain unnamed defendants made false claims and statements in connection with various state tax returns related to our business conducted within the Hawaii foreign trade zone, and seeking
23

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
unspecified damages, penalties, interest and injunctive relief. We dispute the allegations in the complaint and intend to vigorously defend ourselves in such proceeding. We believe the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome in these matters to be neither probable nor reasonably estimable.
Environmental Matters
Like other petroleum refiners, our operations are subject to extensive and periodically-changing federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations governing air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid and hazardous waste management activities. Many of these regulations are becoming increasingly stringent and the cost of compliance can be expected to increase over time.
Periodically, we receive communications from various federal, state, and local governmental authorities asserting violations of environmental laws and/or regulations. These governmental entities may also propose or assess fines or require corrective actions for these asserted violations. Except as disclosed below, we do not anticipate that any such matters currently asserted will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Wyoming Refinery
Our Wyoming refinery is subject to a number of consent decrees, orders, and settlement agreements involving the EPA and/or the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, some of which date back to the late 1970s and several of which remain in effect, requiring further actions at the Wyoming refinery. The largest cost component arising from these various decrees relates to the investigation, monitoring, and remediation of soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediment contamination associated with the facility’s historic operations. Investigative work by Hermes Consolidated LLC, and its wholly owned subsidiary, Wyoming Pipeline Company (collectively, “WRC” or “Wyoming Refining”) and negotiations with the relevant agencies as to remedial approaches remain ongoing on a number of aspects of the contamination, meaning that investigation, monitoring, and remediation costs are not reasonably estimable for some elements of these efforts. As of June 30, 2023, we have accrued $14.5 million for the well-understood components of these efforts based on current information, approximately one-third of which we expect to incur in the next five years and the remainder to be incurred over approximately 30 years.
Additionally, we believe the Wyoming refinery will need to modify or close a series of wastewater impoundments in the next several years and replace those impoundments with a new wastewater treatment system. Based on current information, reasonable estimates we have received suggest costs of approximately $11.6 million to design and construct a new wastewater treatment system.
Finally, among the various historic consent decrees, orders, and settlement agreements into which Wyoming Refining has entered, there are several penalty orders associated with exceedances of permitted limits by the Wyoming refinery’s wastewater discharges. Although the frequency of these exceedances has declined over time, Wyoming Refining may become subject to new penalty enforcement action in the next several years, which could involve penalties in excess of $300,000.
Washington Climate Commitment Act and Clean Fuel Standard
In 2021, the Washington legislature passed the Climate Commitment Act (“Washington CCA”), which established a cap and invest program designed to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Rules implementing the Washington CCA by the Washington Department of Ecology set a cap on greenhouse gas emissions, provide mechanisms for the sale and tracking of tradable emissions allowances, and establish additional compliance and accountability measures. The Washington CCA became effective in January 2023 and the first auction for emissions allowances took place in February 2023. Additionally, a low carbon fuel standard (the “Clean Fuel Standard”) that limits carbon in transportation fuels and enables certain producers to buy or sell credits was also signed into law and became effective in 2023. We will be required to purchase compliance credits or allowances if we are unable to reduce emissions at our Tacoma refinery or reduce the amount of carbon in the transportation fuels we sell in Washington, which could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Regulation of Greenhouse Gases
Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (the “EISA”), the Renewable Fuel Standard (the “RFS”) requires an increasing amount of renewable fuel to be blended into the nation’s transportation fuel supply. Over time, higher annual RFS requirements have the potential to reduce demand for our refined transportation fuel products. In the near term, the RFS will be satisfied primarily with fuel ethanol blended into gasoline or by purchasing renewable credits, referred to as RINs, to maintain compliance. For additional information, please read Item 1. — Business — Environmental Regulations on our Annual Report
24

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, our estimate of the renewable volume obligation (“RVO”) liability for the 2020 and 2022 compliance years is based on the RFS volumetric requirements which the EPA finalized on June 3, 2022. Our RVO liability for the 2023 compliance year is based on the RFS volumetric requirements that were proposed on December 1, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we settled a portion of our 2020 and all of our 2021 RVO liabilities, which resulted in a gain of $94.7 million associated with the difference between the carrying value of the RINs retired and the market value of the RVO settled. This gain is included in Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The RFS may present production and logistics challenges for both the renewable fuels and petroleum refining and marketing industries in that we may have to enter into arrangements with other parties or purchase D3 waivers from the EPA to meet our obligations to use advanced biofuels, including biomass-based diesel and cellulosic biofuel, with potentially uncertain supplies of these new fuels.
There will be compliance costs and uncertainties regarding how we will comply with the various requirements contained in the EISA, RFS, and other fuel-related regulations. We may experience a decrease in demand for refined petroleum products due to an increase in combined fleet mileage or due to refined petroleum products being replaced by renewable fuels.
Recovery Trusts
We emerged from the reorganization of Delta Petroleum Corporation (“Delta”) on August 31, 2012 (“Emergence Date”), when the plan of reorganization (“Plan”) was consummated. On the Emergence Date, we formed the Delta Petroleum General Recovery Trust (“General Trust”). The General Trust was formed to pursue certain litigation against third parties, including preference actions, fraudulent transfer and conveyance actions, rights of setoff and other claims, or causes of action under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and other claims and potential claims that Delta and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Debtors”) hold against third parties. On February 27, 2018, the Bankruptcy Court entered its final decree closing the Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases of Delta and the other Debtors, discharging the trustee for the General Trust, and finding that all assets of the General Trust were resolved, abandoned, or liquidated and have been distributed in accordance with the requirements of the Plan. In addition, the final decree required the Company or the General Trust, as applicable, to maintain the current accruals owed on account of the remaining claims of the U.S. Government and Noble Energy, Inc.
As of June 30, 2023, two related claims totaling approximately $22.4 million remained to be resolved and we have accrued approximately $0.5 million representing the estimated value of claims remaining to be settled which are deemed probable and estimable at period end.
One of the two remaining claims was filed by the U.S. Government for approximately $22.4 million relating to ongoing litigation concerning a plugging and abandonment obligation in Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Lease OCS-P 0320, comprising part of the Sword Unit in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. The second unliquidated claim, which is related to the same plugging and abandonment obligation, was filed by Noble Energy Inc., the operator and majority interest owner of the Sword Unit. We believe the probability of issuing stock to satisfy the full claim amount is remote, as the obligations upon which such proof of claim is asserted are joint and several among all working interest owners and Delta, our predecessor, only owned an approximate 3.4% aggregate working interest in the unit.
The settlement of claims is subject to ongoing litigation and we are unable to predict with certainty how many shares will be required to satisfy all claims. Pursuant to the Plan, allowed claims are settled at a ratio of 54.4 shares per $1,000 of claim.
Note 16—Stockholders’ Equity
Share Repurchase Program
On November 10, 2021, the Board authorized and approved a share repurchase program for up to $50 million of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, with no specified end date. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, 110 thousand shares in total were repurchased under this share repurchase program for $2.6 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, 362 thousand shares were repurchased under this share repurchase program for $5 million. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended June 30, 2022. The repurchased shares were retired by the Company upon receipt. As of June 30, 2023, there was $43.3 million of authorization remaining under this share repurchase program. On August 2, 2023, the Board approved expanding the Company’s share repurchase authorization from $50 million to $250 million.
25

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Incentive Plans
The following table summarizes our compensation costs recognized in General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) and Operating expense (excluding depreciation) under the Amended and Restated Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. 2012 Long-term Incentive Plan and Stock Purchase Plan (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Restricted Stock Awards | $ | 2,656 |  |  | $ | 1,153 |  |  | $ | 4,052 |  |  | $ | 2,902 |
Restricted Stock Units | 477 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 984 |  |  | 1,011 |
Stock Option Awards | 523 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 937 |  |  | 1,761 |

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we granted 102 thousand and 405 thousand shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units with a fair value of approximately $2.3 million. As of June 30, 2023, there were approximately $15.0 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, which are expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we granted no stock option awards. As of June 30, 2023, there were approximately $2.8 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to stock option awards, which are expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we granted 90 thousand performance restricted stock units to executive officers, but no grants were made for the three months ended June 30, 2023. These performance restricted stock units had a fair value of approximately $2.5 million and are subject to certain annual performance targets based on three-year-performance periods as defined by our Board of Directors. As of June 30, 2023, there were approximately $2.6 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to the performance restricted stock units, which are expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.
Note 17—Income (Loss) per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income | $ | 30,013 |  |  | $ | 149,125 |  |  | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Plus: Net income effect of convertible securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Numerator for diluted income per common share | $ | 30,013 |  |  | $ | 149,125 |  |  | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Basic weighted-average common stock shares outstanding | 60,399 |  |  | 59,479 |  |  | 60,255 |  |  | 59,449 |
Plus: dilutive effects of common stock equivalents | 594 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 765 |  |  | 195 |
Diluted weighted-average common stock shares outstanding | 60,993 |  |  | 59,642 |  |  | 61,020 |  |  | 59,644 |
Basic income per common share | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 2.51 |  |  | $ | 4.45 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
Diluted income per common share | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 2.50 |  |  | $ | 4.39 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
Diluted income (loss) per common share excludes the following equity instruments because their effect would be anti-dilutive: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares of unvested restricted stock | 321 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 439 |
Shares of stock options | 108 |  |  | 2,402 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 2,404 |

26

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
Note 18—Income Taxes
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management continues to conclude that we did not meet the “more likely than not” requirement in order to recognize deferred tax assets on the remaining amounts and a valuation allowance has been recorded for substantially all of our net deferred tax assets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
We believe that any adjustment to our uncertain tax positions would not have a material impact on our financial statements given the Company’s deferred tax and corresponding valuation allowance position as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $1.2 billion in net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL carryforwards”); however, we currently have a valuation allowance against this and substantially all of our other deferred taxed assets.
Our net taxable income must be apportioned to various states based upon the income tax laws of the states in which we derive our revenue. Our NOL carryforwards will not always be available to offset taxable income apportioned to the various states. The states from which our refining, retail, and logistics revenues are derived are not the same states in which our NOLs were incurred; therefore, we expect to incur state tax liabilities in connection with our refining, retail, and logistics operations.
Note 19—Segment Information
We report the results for the following four reportable segments: (i) Refining, (ii) Retail, (iii) Logistics, and (iv) Corporate and Other. Commencing June 1, 2023, the results of operations of the Billings Acquisition are included in our refining and logistics segments.
Summarized financial information concerning reportable segments consists of the following (in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 1,708,541 |  |  | $ | 64,709 |  |  | $ | 148,396 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (137,719) |  |  | $ | 1,783,927 |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 1,567,605 |  |  | 35,788 |  |  | 109,168 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (137,755) |  |  | 1,574,806 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) |  | 76,971 |  |  | 3,596 |  |  | 21,276 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 101,843 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 19,826 |  |  | 5,059 |  |  | 2,732 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 599 |  |  | 28,216 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,168 |  |  | 23,168 |
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |
Acquisition and integration costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,273 |  |  | 7,273 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | 2,613 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 44,139 |  |  | $ | 20,691 |  |  | $ | 15,220 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (33,617) |  |  | $ | 46,433 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14,909) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 38 |
Other income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 379 |
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,941 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,928) |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 30,013 |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 6,301 |  |  | $ | 7,124 |  |  | $ | 3,104 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 987 |  |  | $ | 17,516 |

27

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 2,044,455 |  |  | $ | 50,633 |  |  | $ | 147,211 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (135,967) |  |  | $ | 2,106,332 |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 1,799,577 |  |  | 25,739 |  |  | 119,642 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (136,033) |  |  | 1,808,925 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) |  | 57,624 |  |  | 3,797 |  |  | 19,444 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 80,865 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 16,979 |  |  | 5,211 |  |  | 2,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 793 |  |  | 25,583 |
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 15 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,438 |  |  | 15,438 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | 1,477 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,477 |
Operating income (loss) |  | 168,798 |  |  | 15,898 |  |  | 5,525 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16,192) |  |  | 174,029 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (18,154) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,672) |
Other income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47 |
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 150,250 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,125) |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 149,125 |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 8,666 |  |  | $ | 2,177 |  |  | $ | 1,508 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 12,687 |

________________________________________________________
(1)Includes eliminations of intersegment revenues and cost of revenues of $137.7 million and $136.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 3,323,953 |  |  | $ | 117,097 |  |  | $ | 283,968 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (255,882) |  |  | $ | 3,469,136 |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 2,845,275 |  |  | 67,087 |  |  | 207,396 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (255,932) |  |  | 2,863,826 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) |  | 135,853 |  |  | 7,043 |  |  | 42,067 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 184,963 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 35,549 |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | 5,811 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,123 |  |  | 52,576 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42,454 |  |  | 42,454 |
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |
Acquisition and integration costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | 12,544 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,363 |  |  | 5,363 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 307,276 |  |  | $ | 33,299 |  |  | $ | 28,694 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (61,434) |  |  | $ | 307,835 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (31,159) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (17,682) |
Other income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 344 |
Equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,706 |
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 270,044 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,141) |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 267,903 |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 13,955 |  |  | $ | 8,005 |  |  | $ | 7,254 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,515 |  |  | $ | 30,729 |

28

PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Interim Periods Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 3,343,678 |  |  | $ | 93,094 |  |  | $ | 267,120 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (247,267) |  |  | $ | 3,456,625 |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 3,143,492 |  |  | 49,488 |  |  | 213,484 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (247,290) |  |  | 3,159,174 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) |  | 114,536 |  |  | 7,570 |  |  | 38,775 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 160,881 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 32,312 |  |  | 10,298 |  |  | 5,291 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,462 |  |  | 49,363 |
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 15 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,331 |  |  | 31,331 |
Acquisition and integration costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63 |  |  | 63 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | 2,865 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,865 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 50,473 |  |  | $ | 25,750 |  |  | $ | 9,570 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (32,860) |  |  | $ | 52,933 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (34,548) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,672) |
Other income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49 |
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,762 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (688) |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 21,495 |  |  | $ | 3,910 |  |  | $ | 3,089 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 526 |  |  | $ | 29,020 |

________________________________________________________
(1)Includes eliminations of intersegment revenues and cost of revenues of $255.9 million and $247.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Note 20—Subsequent Events
LC Facility
On July 26, 2023, PHR, as borrower, entered into an Uncommitted Credit Agreement (the “LC Facility Agreement”) whereby the lenders agree to consider making revolving credit loans and issuing and participating in letters of credit for the account of PHR in the maximum available amount of $120 million in the aggregate (the “LC Facility”) with the right to request an increase up to $350 million in the aggregate, subject to conditions. Letters of credit issued under the Uncommitted Facility are intended finance and provide credit support for certain of PHR’s purchases of crude oil from crude oil suppliers and proceeds of revolving credit loans may be used to pay suppliers when due. PHR has agreed to pay customary fees and commissions under this agreement. The LC Facility Agreement requires PHR to comply with various covenants including compliance with the minimum liquidity covenant as discussed below.
Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Supply and Offtake Agreement
On July 26, 2023, and in connection with entering into the LC Facility Agreement, PHR, Par Petroleum, as guarantor, and J. Aron entered into an Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Supply and Offtake Agreement. This amendment allows PHR to enter into a crude oil procurement contract supported by a letter of credit and have its purchases funded by J. Aron, subject to certain conditions. Under this amendment, PHR agrees that it shall not permit the liquidity of PHR for any three consecutive business days to be less than $15 million at any time, with at least $15 million of such liquidity consisting of cash and cash equivalents.
29

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We are a growing energy company based in Houston, Texas, that provides both renewable and conventional fuels to the western United States.
Our business is organized into three primary segments:
1) Refining - We own and operate four refineries with total operating throughput capacity of 218 thousand barrels per day (“Mbpd”) in Hawaii, Wyoming, Washington, and Montana. On June 1, 2023, we purchased a refinery in Billings, Montana that processes Western Canadian and regional Rocky Mountain crude oil and a 65% interest in an adjacent cogeneration facility.
2) Retail - Our retail outlets in Hawaii, Washington, and Idaho sell gasoline, diesel, and retail merchandise through Hele and “76” branded sites, “nomnom” branded company-operated convenience stores, 7-Eleven operated convenience stores, other sites operated by third parties, and unattended cardlock stations.
3) Logistics - We operate an extensive energy infrastructure network spanning the Pacific, the Northwest, and the Rocky Mountain regions to transport and store crude oil and refined products for our refineries and transport refined products to our retail sites or third-party purchasers. On June 1, 2023, we purchased distribution and logistics assets in the upper Rockies region, including the wholly owned 70-mile, 55 Mbpd Silvertip Pipeline, a 40% interest in the 750-mile, 65 Mbpd Yellowstone refined products pipeline, and four wholly owned and three joint venture refined product terminals.
As of June 30, 2023, we owned a 46.0% equity investment in Laramie Energy. Laramie Energy is focused on developing and producing natural gas in Garfield, Mesa, and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado. As noted in the Refining and Logistics discussions above, as of June 30, 2023 through the Billings Acquisition, we own a 65% and a 40% equity investment in YELP and YPLC, respectively.
We have four reportable segments: (i) Refining, (ii) Retail, (iii) Logistics, and (iv) Corporate and Other. Our Corporate and Other reportable segment primarily includes general and administrative costs, business development expenses associated with renewable fuel projects, and Par West redevelopment and other costs. Please read Note 19—Segment Information to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for detailed information on our operating results by segment.
Recent Events Affecting Comparability of Periods
Crude oil pricing decreased in the first half of 2023, compared to the volatility noted in the second half of 2022. In the first half of 2023, Brent crude oil pricing decreased to $80 per barrel compared to $107 per barrel in the second half of 2022. In addition, in the first half of 2023 U.S. retail gasoline prices decreased to $3.59 per gallon compared to $4.17 per gallon in the second half of 2022. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (“EIA”) in its May 2023 short term energy outlook is forecasting average Brent crude oil pricing of $73 per barrel in 2023 due to ongoing considerations about weakening global economic conditions, perceived risk around the global banking sector, and persistent inflation. Refined product crack spreads in the second quarter of 2023 decreased as compared to the second quarter of 2022, largely driven by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine that escalated in February 2022. In addition, U.S retail gasoline prices are expected to decrease by 20% to $3.40 per gallon during the summer 2023 driving season (April-September) compared to summer 2022. On April 3, 2023, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) announced a cut to crude oil production of 1.2 MMbpd through the end of 2023. The EIA expects the drop in OPEC crude oil production and the seasonal rise in oil consumption to put upward pressure on crude oil prices. On June 4, 2023, Saudi Arabia, the largest producer in the OPEC cartel, announced an additional 1 MMbpd cut to its production beginning with its July export program. The Kingdom announced during early August that those cuts would be extended through the end of the year. As a result, crude oil prices have returned to levels closer to 2022 than crude oil prices during the first half of 2023. Please read Item 1A. — Risk Factors on our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for further information.
Results of Operations
30

Three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022
Net Income. Our financial results for the second quarter of 2023 declined from net income of $149.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to net income of $30.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by a $124.7 million decrease in refining segment operating income, $7.8 million higher general and administrative expenses, and $7.3 million higher acquisition and integration expenses also related to our Billings Acquisition, partially offset by a $9.7 million improvement in our retail segment operating income. Please read the discussions of segment and consolidated results below for additional information.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA was $150.8 million compared to $242.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The $91.3 million decrease was primarily related to a decrease of $99.6 million in our refining segment, partially offset by an increase of $9.9 million in our retail segment. Please read the discussion of segment results below for additional information.
For the three months ended June 30, 2023, Adjusted Net Income was $105.6 million compared to an Adjusted Net Income of $197.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decline was primarily related to the factors described above for the decrease in Adjusted EBITDA.
Six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022
Net Income. Our financial results improved from a net income of $12.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to net income of $267.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was driven by a $256.8 million increase in refining segment operating income and a $19.1 million increase in retail segment operating income, partially offset by a $12.4 million increase in acquisitions and integration expenses related to our Billings Acquisition, and a $11.2 million increase in general and administrative expenses. Please read the discussions of segment and consolidated results below for additional information.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA was $318.5 million compared to $254.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The improvement was primarily related to an increase of $48.8 million in our refining segment, combined with an increase of $19.6 million in our retail segment, an increase of $7.6 million in our logistics segment, offset by a decrease of $11.9 million in our corporate segment. Please read the discussion of segment results below for additional information.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Adjusted Net Income was $243.1 million compared to $169.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The improvement was primarily related to the same factors described above for the increase in Adjusted EBITDA as well as our receipt of a $10.7 million distribution from Laramie Energy.
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The following tables summarize our consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 (in thousands). The following should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenues | $ | 1,783,927 |  |  | $ | 2,106,332 |  |  | $ | (322,405) |  |  | (15)%
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) | 1,574,806 |  |  | 1,808,925 |  |  | (234,119) |  |  | (13)%
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | 101,843 |  |  | 80,865 |  |  | 20,978 |  |  | 26%
Depreciation and amortization | 28,216 |  |  | 25,583 |  |  | 2,633 |  |  | 10%
Loss on sale of assets, net | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | (15) |  |  | (100)%
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) | 23,168 |  |  | 15,438 |  |  | 7,730 |  |  | 50%
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments | (425) |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | NM (1)
Acquisition and integration costs | 7,273 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,273 |  |  | NM (1)
Par West redevelopment and other costs | 2,613 |  |  | 1,477 |  |  | 1,136 |  |  | 77%
Total operating expenses | 1,737,494 |  |  | 1,932,303 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 46,433 |  |  | 174,029 |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | (14,909) |  |  | (18,154) |  |  | 3,245 |  |  | (18)%
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | 38 |  |  | (5,672) |  |  | 5,710 |  |  | 101%
Other income, net | 379 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 706%
Total other expense, net | (14,492) |  |  | (23,779) |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 31,941 |  |  | 150,250 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | (1,928) |  |  | (1,125) |  |  | (803) |  |  | 71%
Net income | $ | 30,013 |  |  | $ | 149,125 |  |  |  |  |

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenues | $ | 3,469,136 |  |  | $ | 3,456,625 |  |  | $ | 12,511 |  |  | —%
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) | 2,863,826 |  |  | 3,159,174 |  |  | (295,348) |  |  | (9)%
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | 184,963 |  |  | 160,881 |  |  | 24,082 |  |  | 15%
Depreciation and amortization | 52,576 |  |  | 49,363 |  |  | 3,213 |  |  | 7%
Loss on sale of assets, net | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | (15) |  |  | (100)%
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) | 42,454 |  |  | 31,331 |  |  | 11,123 |  |  | 36%
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments | (425) |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | NM (1)
Acquisition and integration costs | 12,544 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 12,481 |  |  | 19,811%
Par West redevelopment and other costs | 5,363 |  |  | 2,865 |  |  | 2,498 |  |  | 87%
Total operating expenses | 3,161,301 |  |  | 3,403,692 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 307,835 |  |  | 52,933 |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | (31,159) |  |  | (34,548) |  |  | 3,389 |  |  | (10)%
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | (17,682) |  |  | (5,672) |  |  | (12,010) |  |  | 212%
Other income, net | 344 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 602%
Equity earnings (losses) from Laramie Energy, LLC | 10,706 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,706 |  |  | NM (1)
Total other expense, net | (37,791) |  |  | (40,171) |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 270,044 |  |  | 12,762 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | (2,141) |  |  | (688) |  |  | (1,453) |  |  | 211%
Net income | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 12,074 |  |  |  |  |

________________________________________________________
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(1)NM - Not meaningful
The following tables summarize our operating income (loss) by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands). The following should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Three months ended June 30, 2023 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 1,708,541 |  |  | $ | 64,709 |  |  | $ | 148,396 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (137,719) |  |  | $ | 1,783,927 |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 1,567,605 |  |  | 35,788 |  |  | 109,168 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (137,755) |  |  | 1,574,806 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) |  | 76,971 |  |  | 3,596 |  |  | 21,276 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 101,843 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 19,826 |  |  | 5,059 |  |  | 2,732 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 599 |  |  | 28,216 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,168 |  |  | 23,168 |
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |
Acquisition and integration costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,273 |  |  | 7,273 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | 2,613 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 44,139 |  |  | $ | 20,691 |  |  | $ | 15,220 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (33,617) |  |  | $ | 46,433 |

Three months ended June 30, 2022 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 2,044,455 |  |  | $ | 50,633 |  |  | $ | 147,211 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (135,967) |  |  | $ | 2,106,332 |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 1,799,577 |  |  | 25,739 |  |  | 119,642 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (136,033) |  |  | 1,808,925 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) |  | 57,624 |  |  | 3,797 |  |  | 19,444 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 80,865 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 16,979 |  |  | 5,211 |  |  | 2,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 793 |  |  | 25,583 |
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 15 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,438 |  |  | 15,438 |
Acquisition and integration costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | 1,477 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,477 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 168,798 |  |  | $ | 15,898 |  |  | $ | 5,525 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (16,192) |  |  | $ | 174,029 |

________________________________________________________
(1)Includes eliminations of intersegment Revenues and Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) of $137.7 million and $136.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Six months ended June 30, 2023 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 3,323,953 |  |  | $ | 117,097 |  |  | $ | 283,968 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (255,882) |  |  | $ | 3,469,136 |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 2,845,275 |  |  | 67,087 |  |  | 207,396 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (255,932) |  |  | 2,863,826 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) |  | 135,853 |  |  | 7,043 |  |  | 42,067 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 184,963 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 35,549 |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | 5,811 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,123 |  |  | 52,576 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42,454 |  |  | 42,454 |
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |
Acquisition and integration costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | 12,544 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,363 |  |  | 5,363 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 307,276 |  |  | $ | 33,299 |  |  | $ | 28,694 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (61,434) |  |  | $ | 307,835 |

33

Six months ended June 30, 2022 |  | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  | Corporate, Eliminations and Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 3,343,678 |  |  | $ | 93,094 |  |  | $ | 267,120 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (247,267) |  |  | $ | 3,456,625 |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) |  | 3,143,492 |  |  | 49,488 |  |  | 213,484 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (247,290) |  |  | 3,159,174 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) |  | 114,536 |  |  | 7,570 |  |  | 38,775 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 160,881 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 32,312 |  |  | 10,298 |  |  | 5,291 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,462 |  |  | 49,363 |
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 15 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,331 |  |  | 31,331 |
Acquisition and integration costs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63 |  |  | 63 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | 2,865 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,865 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 50,473 |  |  | $ | 25,750 |  |  | $ | 9,570 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (32,860) |  |  | $ | 52,933 |

________________________________________________________
(1)Includes eliminations of intersegment Revenues and Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) of $255.9 million and $247.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Below is a summary of key operating statistics for the refining segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Total Refining Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks Throughput (Mbpd) (1) | 162.3 |  |  | 141.3 |  |  | 147.7 |  |  | 129.8 |
Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) (1) | 168.8 |  |  | 143.4 |  |  | 159.1 |  |  | 133.0 |
Hawaii Refinery |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks Throughput (Mbpd) | 84.1 |  |  | 84.1 |  |  | 80.2 |  |  | 83.4 |
Yield (% of total throughput) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks | 26.8 | % |  | 22.9 | % |  | 26.8 | % |  | 24.0 | %
Distillates | 41.0 | % |  | 38.0 | % |  | 40.1 | % |  | 39.6 | %
Fuel oils | 28.2 | % |  | 33.6 | % |  | 28.8 | % |  | 31.5 | %
Other products | 0.8 | % |  | 2.4 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 1.4 | %
Total yield | 96.8 | % |  | 96.9 | % |  | 96.9 | % |  | 96.5 | %
Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) | 87.2 |  |  | 80.2 |  |  | 88.8 |  |  | 79.2 |
Adjusted Gross Margin per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (2) | $ | 12.08 |  |  | $ | 18.71 |  |  | $ | 15.41 |  |  | $ | 11.22 |
Production costs per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (3) | 4.33 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | 4.43 |  |  | 4.45 |
D&A per bbl ($/throughput bbl) | 0.67 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.70 |  |  | 0.66 |
Montana Refinery |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks Throughput (Mbpd) (1) | 62.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 62.6 |  |  | — |
Yield (% of total throughput) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks | 46.3 | % |  | — | % |  | 46.3 | % |  | — | %
Distillates | 29.3 | % |  | — | % |  | 29.3 | % |  | — | %
Asphalt | 13.3 | % |  | — | % |  | 13.3 | % |  | — | %
Other products | 6.1 | % |  | — | % |  | 6.1 | % |  | — | %
Total yield | 95.0 | % |  | — | % |  | 95.0 | % |  | — | %

34

Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) (1) | 59.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 59.3 |  |  | — |
Adjusted Gross Margin per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (2) | $ | 30.98 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30.98 |  |  | $ | — |
Production costs per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (3) | 8.07 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.07 |  |  | — |
D&A per bbl ($/throughput bbl) | 1.85 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.85 |  |  | — |
Washington Refinery |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks Throughput (Mbpd) | 40.9 |  |  | 40.5 |  |  | 40.3 |  |  | 30.4 |
Yield (% of total throughput) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks | 24.0 | % |  | 24.2 | % |  | 23.8 | % |  | 24.4 | %
Distillates | 34.8 | % |  | 34.4 | % |  | 34.6 | % |  | 34.1 | %
Asphalt | 19.5 | % |  | 20.8 | % |  | 19.0 | % |  | 19.7 | %
Other products | 18.3 | % |  | 17.4 | % |  | 18.7 | % |  | 18.6 | %
Total yield | 96.6 | % |  | 96.8 | % |  | 96.1 | % |  | 96.8 | %
Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) | 44.8 |  |  | 44.6 |  |  | 42.8 |  |  | 37.1 |
Adjusted Gross Margin per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (2) | $ | 6.37 |  |  | $ | 20.50 |  |  | $ | 8.66 |  |  | $ | 14.17 |
Production costs per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (3) | 3.98 |  |  | 3.40 |  |  | 4.11 |  |  | 4.71 |
D&A per bbl ($/throughput bbl) | 1.82 |  |  | 2.03 |  |  | 1.81 |  |  | 2.45 |

35

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Wyoming Refinery |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks Throughput (Mbpd) | 16.7 |  |  | 16.7 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 16.0 |
Yield (% of total throughput) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks | 43.7 | % |  | 48.1 | % |  | 45.6 | % |  | 49.1 | %
Distillates | 48.7 | % |  | 43.6 | % |  | 47.3 | % |  | 43.4 | %
Fuel oils | 2.6 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 2.3 | %
Other products | 2.5 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 1.7 | % |  | 2.5 | %
Total yield | 97.5 | % |  | 97.3 | % |  | 97.1 | % |  | 97.3 | %
Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) | 17.3 |  |  | 18.6 |  |  | 17.7 |  |  | 16.7 |
Adjusted Gross Margin per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (2) | $ | 20.56 |  |  | $ | 43.34 |  |  | $ | 24.05 |  |  | $ | 34.97 |
Production costs per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (3) | 8.30 |  |  | 6.97 |  |  | 7.85 |  |  | 7.46 |
D&A per bbl ($/throughput bbl) | 2.93 |  |  | 2.92 |  |  | 2.85 |  |  | 3.07 |
Market Indices (average $ per barrel) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3-1-2 Singapore Crack Spread (4) | $ | 13.72 |  |  | $ | 36.80 |  |  | $ | 17.45 |  |  | $ | 26.56 |
RVO Adjusted Pacific Northwest 3-1-1-1 (5) | 25.13 |  |  | 47.23 |  |  | 25.21 |  |  | 35.01 |
RVO Adjusted USGC 3-2-1 (6) | 21.65 |  |  | 42.24 |  |  | 24.09 |  |  | 30.31 |
Crude Oil Prices (average $ per barrel) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brent | $ | 77.73 |  |  | $ | 111.98 |  |  | $ | 79.90 |  |  | $ | 104.98 |
WTI | 73.56 |  |  | 108.52 |  |  | 74.77 |  |  | 101.80 |
ANS (7) | 78.26 |  |  | 112.17 |  |  | 78.63 |  |  | 104.19 |
Bakken Clearbrook (7) | 75.37 |  |  | 109.80 |  |  | 77.25 |  |  | 102.86 |
WCS Hardisty (7) | 60.07 |  |  | 90.25 |  |  | 58.38 |  |  | 85.10 |
Brent M1-M3 | 0.44 |  |  | 4.23 |  |  | 0.48 |  |  | 4.18 |

________________________________________________________
(1)Feedstocks throughput and sales volumes per day for the Montana refinery for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are calculated based on the 30-day period for which we owned the Montana refinery in 2023. As such, the amounts for the total refining segment represent the sum of the Hawaii, Washington and Wyoming refineries’ throughput or sales volumes averaged over the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 plus the Montana refinery’s throughput or sales volumes averaged over the period from June 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023. The 2022 amounts for the total refining segment represent the sum of the Hawaii, Washington and Wyoming refineries’ throughput or sales volumes averaged over the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.
(2)We calculate Adjusted Gross Margin per barrel by dividing Adjusted Gross Margin by total refining throughput. Adjusted Gross Margin for our Washington refinery is determined under the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) inventory costing method. Adjusted Gross Margin for our other refineries is determined under the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) inventory costing method. The definition of Adjusted Gross Margin was modified beginning with the financial results reported for the second quarter in fiscal year 2022. We have recast Adjusted Gross Margin for prior periods when reported to conform to the modified presentation. Please see discussion of Adjusted Gross Margin below.
(3)Management uses production costs per barrel to evaluate performance and compare efficiency to other companies in the industry. There are a variety of ways to calculate production costs per barrel; different companies within the industry calculate it in different ways. We calculate production costs per barrel by dividing all direct production costs, which include the costs to run the refineries including personnel costs, repair and maintenance costs, insurance, utilities, and other miscellaneous costs, by total refining throughput. Our production costs are included in Operating expense (excluding depreciation) on our consolidated statement of operations, which also includes costs related to our bulk marketing operations.
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(4)We believe the 3-1-2 Singapore Crack Spread (or three barrels of Brent crude oil converted into one barrel of gasoline and two barrels of distillates (diesel and jet fuel)) is the most representative market indicator for our operations in Hawaii.
(5)We believe the RVO Adjusted Pacific Northwest 3-1-1-1 (or three barrels of WTI crude oil converted into one barrel of Pacific Northwest gasoline, one barrel of Pacific Northwest ULSD and one barrel of USGC VGO, less 100% of the RVO cost for gasoline and ULSD) is the most representative market indicator for our operations in Washington with improved historical correlations to our reported adjusted gross margin compared to prior reported indices.
(6)We believe the RVO Adjusted USGC 3-2-1 (or three barrels of WTI crude oil converted into two barrels of USGC gasoline and one barrel of USGC ULSD, less 100% of the RVO cost) is the most representative market indicator for our operations in Montana and Wyoming with improved historical correlations to our reported adjusted gross margin compared to prior reported indices.
(7)Crude pricing has been updated to reflect simple averages of outright prices during the relevant period.
Below is a summary of key operating statistics for the retail segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Retail Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail sales volumes (thousands of gallons) | 29,373 |  |  | 25,862 |  |  | 56,572 |  |  | 50,770 |

Non-GAAP Performance Measures
Management uses certain financial measures to evaluate our operating performance that are considered non-GAAP financial measures. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes or alternatives to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies since each company may define these terms differently.
We believe Adjusted Gross Margin (as defined below) provides useful information to investors because it eliminates the gross impact of volatile commodity prices and adjusts for certain non-cash items and timing differences created by our inventory financing agreements and lower of cost and net realizable value adjustments to demonstrate the earnings potential of the business before other fixed and variable costs, which are reported separately in Operating expense (excluding depreciation) and Depreciation and amortization. Management uses Adjusted Gross Margin per barrel to evaluate operating performance and compare profitability to other companies in the industry and to industry benchmarks. We believe Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) are useful supplemental financial measures that allow investors to assess the financial performance of our assets without regard to financing methods, capital structure, or historical cost basis, the ability of our assets to generate cash to pay interest on our indebtedness, and our operating performance and return on invested capital as compared to other companies without regard to financing methods and capital structure.
Beginning with financial results reported for periods in fiscal year 2023, Adjusted Gross Margin, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude the mark-to-market losses (gains) associated with our net obligation related to the Washington Climate Commitment Act and Clean Fuel Standard effective beginning in 2023. These modifications were made to better reflect our operating performance and to improve comparability between periods.
Beginning with financial results reported for periods in fiscal year 2023, Adjusted Net Income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude the redevelopment and other costs for our Par West facility, which was shut down in 2020. This modification improves comparability between periods by excluding expenses incurred in connection with the strategic redevelopment of this non-operating facility. We have recast Adjusted Gross Margin, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted EBITDA for prior periods when reported to conform to the modified presentation.
Beginning with financial results report for the second quarter of 2023, Adjusted Gross Margin, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude our portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from our refining and logistics investments.
Adjusted Gross Margin
Adjusted Gross Margin is defined as operating income (loss) excluding:
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•operating expense (excluding depreciation);
•depreciation and amortization (“D&A”);
•Par’s portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments;
•impairment expense;
•loss (gain) on sale of assets, net;
•inventory valuation adjustment (which adjusts for timing differences to reflect the economics of our inventory financing agreements, including lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments, the impact of the embedded derivative repurchase or terminal obligations, contango (gains) and backwardation losses associated with our Washington inventory and intermediation obligation, and purchase price allocation adjustments);
•LIFO layer liquidation impacts associated with our Washington inventory;
•Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustment (which represents the income statement effect of reflecting our RINs liability on a net basis; this adjustment also includes the mark-to-market losses (gains) associated with our net RINs liability and our net obligation associated with the Washington Climate Commitment Act and Clean Fuel Standard); and
•unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives.
The following tables present a reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Margin to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, operating income (loss), on a historical basis, for selected segments, for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Three months ended June 30, 2023 | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 44,139 |  |  | $ | 20,691 |  |  | $ | 15,220 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | 76,971 |  |  | 3,596 |  |  | 21,276 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 19,826 |  |  | 5,059 |  |  | 2,732 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Par’s portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments | — |  |  | 207 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory valuation adjustment | 33,118 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments | 9,343 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss on derivatives | 22,178 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Gross Margin (1) | $ | 205,575 |  |  | $ | 29,553 |  |  | $ | 39,228 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Three months ended June 30, 2022 | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 168,798 |  |  | $ | 15,898 |  |  | $ | 5,525 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | 57,624 |  |  | 3,797 |  |  | 19,444 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 16,979 |  |  | 5,211 |  |  | 2,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Par’s portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of assets, net | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory valuation adjustment | (7,557) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments | 78,548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on derivatives | (28,607) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | 1,477 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Gross Margin (1) | $ | 287,262 |  |  | $ | 24,894 |  |  | $ | 27,569 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Six months ended June 30, 2023 | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 307,276 |  |  | $ | 33,299 |  |  | $ | 28,694 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | 135,853 |  |  | 7,043 |  |  | 42,067 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 35,549 |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | 5,811 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Par’s portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments | — |  |  | 207 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory valuation adjustment | 53,976 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments | (123,958) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss on derivatives | 8,508 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Gross Margin (1) | $ | 417,204 |  |  | $ | 50,642 |  |  | $ | 76,572 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Six months ended June 30, 2022 | Refining |  | Logistics |  | Retail |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 50,473 |  |  | $ | 25,750 |  |  | $ | 9,570 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | 114,536 |  |  | 7,570 |  |  | 38,775 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 32,312 |  |  | 10,298 |  |  | 5,291 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Par’s portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of assets, net | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory valuation adjustment | 73,096 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments | 89,850 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on derivatives | (13,155) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | 2,865 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Gross Margin (1) | $ | 349,977 |  |  | $ | 43,606 |  |  | $ | 53,636 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

____________________________________________________________________________
(1)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no impairment expense and LIFO liquidation adjustment recorded in Operating income (loss). For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, there was no (gain) loss on sale of assets recorded in Operating income (loss).
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) is defined as Net income (loss) excluding:
•inventory valuation adjustment (which adjusts for timing differences to reflect the economics of our inventory financing agreements, including lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments, the impact of the embedded derivative repurchase or terminal obligations, contango (gains) and backwardation losses associated with our Washington inventory and intermediation obligation, and purchase price allocation adjustments);
•the LIFO layer liquidation impacts associated with our Washington inventory;
•Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (which represents the income statement effect of reflecting our RINs liability on a net basis; this adjustment also includes the mark-to-market losses (gains) associated with our net RINs liability and our net obligation associated with the Washington Climate Commitment Act and Clean Fuel Standard);
•unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives;
•acquisition and integration costs;
•redevelopment and other costs related to Par West;
•debt extinguishment and commitment costs;
•increase in (release of) tax valuation allowance and other deferred tax items;
•changes in the value of contingent consideration and common stock warrants;
•severance costs;
•(gain) loss on sale of assets;
•impairment expense;
•impairment expense associated with our investment in Laramie Energy and our share of Laramie Energy’s asset impairment losses in excess of our basis difference; and
•Par’s share of Laramie Energy’s unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives.
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Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Adjusted Net Income (Loss) excluding:
•D&A;
•interest expense and financing costs;
•equity losses (earnings) from Laramie Energy excluding Par’s share of unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives, impairment of Par’s investment, and our share of Laramie Energy’s asset impairment losses in excess of our basis difference;
•Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments; and
•income tax expense (benefit) excluding the increase in (release of) tax valuation allowance.
The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, Net income, on a historical basis for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net Income |  | $ | 30,013 |  |  | $ | 149,125 |  |  | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Inventory valuation adjustment |  | 33,118 |  |  | (7,557) |  |  | 53,976 |  |  | 73,096 |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments |  | 9,343 |  |  | 78,548 |  |  | (123,958) |  |  | 89,850 |
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives |  | 22,178 |  |  | (28,607) |  |  | 8,508 |  |  | (13,155) |
Acquisition and integration costs |  | 7,273 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | 63 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs |  | 2,613 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,363 |  |  | — |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs |  | (38) |  |  | 5,672 |  |  | 17,682 |  |  | 5,672 |
Severance costs |  | 1,070 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 1,070 |  |  | 2,263 |
Loss on sale of assets, net |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Adjusted Net Income (1) |  | 105,570 |  |  | 197,231 |  |  | 243,088 |  |  | 169,878 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 28,216 |  |  | 25,583 |  |  | 52,576 |  |  | 49,363 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net |  | 14,909 |  |  | 18,154 |  |  | 31,159 |  |  | 34,548 |
Equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC, excluding Par’s share of unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,706) |  |  | — |
Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments |  | 207 |  |  | — |  |  | 207 |  |  | — |
Income tax expense |  | 1,928 |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | 2,141 |  |  | 688 |
Adjusted EBITDA (1) |  | $ | 150,830 |  |  | $ | 242,093 |  |  | $ | 318,465 |  |  | $ | 254,477 |

________________________________________
(1)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no LIFO liquidation adjustment, change in value of contingent consideration, change in value of common stock warrants, change in valuation allowance or other deferred tax items, impairment expense, impairments associated with our investment in Laramie Energy, our share of Laramie Energy’s asset impairment losses in excess of our basis difference, or our share of Laramie Energy’s unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives.
Factors Impacting Segment Results
Operating Income
Three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022
Refining. Operating income for our refining segment was $44.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $124.7 million compared to an income of $168.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by:

• | a decrease of $145.9 million related to decreased crack spreads at all our refineries, |  |  |  |  |
• | a decrease of $60.0 million related to an unfavorable change in crude oil differentials at our Hawaii refinery, and |  |  |  |  |
• | a $12.0 million unfavorable FIFO change at our Wyoming refinery, |  |  |  |  |

partially offset by:
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• | an increase of $88.3 million related to a favorable change in the step-out obligation related to our inventory financing agreements driven by changes in commodity prices, and |  |  |  |  |
• | an increase of $21.6 million driven by a 17.7% increase in refined product sales across our refineries. |  |  |  |  |

Logistics. Operating income for our logistics segment was $20.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $4.8 million compared to $15.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase is primarily due to contribution from Billings logistics assets during June 2023.
Retail. Operating income for our retail segment was $15.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $9.7 million compared to $5.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in fuel margins, higher fuel sales volumes, and increased merchandise sales in the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022.
Six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022
Refining. Operating income for our refining segment was $307.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an improvement of $256.8 million compared to an operating income of $50.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in profitability was primarily driven by a decrease in consolidated environmental costs across all our refineries of $216.7 million, including a $94.7 million gain on retirement of 2020 and 2021 RINs. Other factors impacting segment results include higher refined product sales volumes and declining crack spreads.
Logistics. Operating income for our logistics segment was $33.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $7.5 million compared to $25.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increased third party revenues and a $3.0 million contribution from the Billings Acquisition logistics assets during June 2023.
Retail. Operating income for our retail segment was $28.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $19.1 million compared to $9.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in fuel margins, higher fuel sales volumes, and increased merchandise sales in the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Adjusted Gross Margin
Three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022
Refining. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, our refining Adjusted Gross Margin was $205.6 million, a decrease of $81.7 million compared to $287.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased crack spreads and higher environmental costs across all our refineries, partially offset by margin contributed by the Montana refinery of $58.2 million. Overall, refined product crack spreads in the second quarter of 2023 decreased as compared to the second quarter of 2022 due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine that escalated in February 2022.
•Adjusted Gross Margin for the Hawaii refinery decreased by $6.63 per barrel from $18.71 per barrel during the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $12.08 per barrel during the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to declining crack spreads and higher feedstock differentials. The Singapore 3-1-2 index declined from $36.80 in the second quarter of 2022 to $13.72 in the second quarter of 2023.
•Adjusted Gross Margin for the Washington refinery decreased by $14.13 per barrel from $20.50 per barrel during the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $6.37 per barrel during the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to declining product crack spreads, and unfavorable environmental costs of $23.3 million. The RVO Adjusted Pacific Northwest 3-1-1-1 index declined from $47.23 in the second quarter of 2022 to $25.13 in the second quarter of 2023.
•Adjusted Gross Margin for the Wyoming refinery decreased by $22.78 per barrel from $43.34 per barrel during the three months ended June 30, 2022 to $20.56 per barrel during the three months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to declining crack spreads and an unfavorable FIFO change of $12.0 million. The RVO Adjusted USGC 3-2-1 index declined from $42.24 in the second quarter of 2022 to $21.65 in the second quarter of 2023.
Logistics. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, our logistics Adjusted Gross Margin was $29.6 million, an increase of $4.7 million compared to $24.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase is primarily due to a 4% increase in throughput across our logistics assets.
Retail. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, our retail Adjusted Gross Margin was $39.2 million, an increase of $11.6 million compared to $27.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an
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increase in fuel margins, higher fuel sales volumes, and increased merchandise sales in the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the comparable period in 2022.
Six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022
Refining. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, our refining Adjusted Gross Margin was $417.2 million, an increase of $67.2 million compared to $350.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to Adjusted Gross Margin contributed by the Montana refinery of $58.2 million. Other factors impacting refining results are described below.
•Adjusted Gross Margin for the Hawaii refinery improved by $4.19 per barrel from $11.22 per barrel during the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $15.41 per barrel during the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to higher refined products sold partially offset by lower crack spreads. The Singapore 3-2-1 index declined from $26.56 in the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $17.45 in the six months ended June 30, 2023.
•Adjusted Gross Margin for the Washington refinery decreased by $5.51 per barrel from $14.17 per barrel during the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $8.66 per barrel during the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to declining product crack spreads. The RVO Adjusted Pacific Northwest 3-1-1-1 index declined from $35.01 in the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $25.21 in the six months ended June 30, 2023.
•Adjusted Gross Margin for the Wyoming refinery decreased by $10.92 per barrel from $34.97 per barrel during the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $24.05 per barrel during the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to declining crack spreads and unfavorable FIFO changes of $32 million. The RVO Adjusted USGS 3-2-1 index declined from $30.31 in the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $24.09 in the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Logistics. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, our logistics Adjusted Gross Margin was $50.6 million, an increase of $7.0 million compared to $43.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increased revenues from third party services and a 10% increase in throughput across our Washington assets, partially offset by a 36% increase in cost of sales driven primarily by higher marine vessel fees and fuel costs.
Retail. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, our retail Adjusted Gross Margin was $76.6 million, an increase of $23.0 million compared to $53.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in fuel margins, higher fuel sales volumes, and increased merchandise sales.
Discussion of Consolidated Results
Three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022
Revenues. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, revenues were $1.8 billion, a $0.3 billion decrease compared to $2.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in crude prices and average product crack spreads discussed below, partially offset by a $0.2 billion contribution from the Billings Acquisition and a 4% increase in refining sales volumes across our legacy refinery portfolio during the quarter. Average Brent crude oil prices declined 31% and average WTI crude oil prices declined 32% during the second quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2022. The 3-1-2 Singapore Crack Spread, RVO Adjusted Pacific Northwest 3-1-1-1, and RVO Adjusted USGC 3-2-1 declined 63%, 47%, and 49%, respectively, compared to the second quarter of 2022. Please read our key operating statistics for further information. Revenues at our retail segment increased $1.2 million primarily due to a 14% increase in volumes and a 13% increase in merchandise sales, partially offset by a 13% decline in fuel prices.
Cost of Revenues (Excluding Depreciation). For the three months ended June 30, 2023, cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) was $1.6 billion, a decrease of $0.2 billion when compared to $1.8 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased crude oil prices as described above and lower purchased product costs, partially offset by a $0.2 billion contribution from the Billings Acquisition. Cost of sales at our retail segment decreased $10 million primarily driven by a decrease in fuel costs.
Operating Expense (Excluding Depreciation). For the three months ended June 30, 2023, operating expense (excluding depreciation) was $101.8 million, a $20.9 million increase when compared to $80.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. $15.3 million of the increase was driven by the Billings Acquisition. Additional drivers of the increase were higher utility and maintenance costs and increased employee costs.
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Depreciation and Amortization. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, D&A was $28.2 million, an increase of $2.6 million compared to $25.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by the $3.5 million of D&A attributable to the Billings Acquisition.
General and Administrative Expense (Excluding Depreciation). For the three months ended June 30, 2023, general and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) was $23.2 million, an increase of $7.8 million compared to $15.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in employee costs, costs related to the Billings Acquisition, and renewable development activities.
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, Equity (earnings) from refining and logistics investments were $0.4 million related to YPLC. Please read Note 3—Refining and Logistics Equity Investments for further information.
Acquisition and Integration Expense. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred $7.3 million of acquisition and integration costs related to the Billings Acquisition, compared to immaterial acquisition and integration costs for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Please read Note 5—Acquisitions for further information.
Par West redevelopment and other costs. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, Par West redevelopment and other costs were $2.6 million, an increase of $1.1 million compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to higher redevelopment costs.
Interest Expense and Financing Costs, Net. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, our interest expense and financing costs were $14.9 million, a decrease of $3.3 million compared to $18.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $4.7 million increase in interest income, partially offset by an increase in interest expense due to higher outstanding debt balances. Please read Note 9—Inventory Financing Agreements and Note 11—Debt for further information.
Debt Extinguishment and Commitment Costs. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, our debt extinguishment and commitment costs were $5.7 million and primarily represented extinguishment costs associated with the redemption of $36.9 million of 12.875% Senior Secured Notes in second quarter of 2022. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, debt extinguishment and commitment costs were immaterial. Please read Note 11—Debt to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
Income Taxes. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded income tax expense of $1.9 million primarily related to increased taxable income and higher apportionment factors in the states in which we pay taxes. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded an income tax expense of $1.1 million primarily related to increased taxable income.
Six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022
Revenues. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, revenues were $3.5 billion, relatively consistent with $3.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Billings Acquisition contributed revenues of $0.2 billion in the first month under our ownership. When comparing our legacy refining operations, there was a decrease of $0.2 billion in third-party revenues at our refining segment, $0.6 billion related to lower crude oil prices, partially offset by a 12% increase in refining sales volumes across our legacy refining locations. Average Brent crude oil prices declined 24% and average WTI crude oil prices declined 27% as compared to the prior period. Revenues at our retail segment increased $16.9 million primarily due to an 11% increase in volumes, partially offset by a 6% decrease in fuel prices. Revenues at our at Logistics segment increased $3.2 million primarily due to a 2% increase in Hawaii throughput.
Cost of Revenues (Excluding Depreciation). For the six months ended June 30, 2023, cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) was $2.9 billion, a $0.3 billion decrease compared to $3.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022, inclusive of a $0.2 billion contribution from the Billings Refinery. A $0.6 billion decrease within our legacy refining portfolio was primarily due to decreases in Brent and WTI crude oil prices as discussed above, coupled with $0.3 billion lower intermediation costs and $0.2 billion lower environmental costs, partially offset by $0.2 billion related to higher refining sales volumes, $0.2 billion related to higher purchased products.
Operating Expense (Excluding Depreciation). For the six months ended June 30, 2023, operating expense (excluding depreciation) was $185.0 million, an increase of $24.1 million compared to $160.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by $15.3 million attributable to the Billings Acquisition, coupled with $2.5 million higher employee costs and $2.0 million higher utility and maintenance expenses.
43

Depreciation and Amortization. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, D&A was $52.6 million, an increase of $3.2 million compared to $49.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by the $3.5 million contribution from the Billings Acquisition.
General and Administrative Expense (Excluding Depreciation). For the six months ended June 30, 2023, general and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) was $42.5 million, an increase of $11.2 million compared to $31.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in employee costs, costs related to the Billings Acquisition, and renewable development activities.
Equity earnings from refining and logistics investments. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, equity earnings from refining and logistics investments were $0.4 million. As part of the Billings Acquisition, we acquired a 65% limited partnership ownership interest in YELP and a 40% ownership interest in YPLC. Our proportionate share of YPLC’s net income was $0.4 million. There was no equity earnings from YELP for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. Please read Note 3—Refining and Logistics Equity Investments for additional information.
Acquisition and Integration Expense. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred $12.5 million of acquisition and integration costs and primarily related to the Billings Acquisition. Please read Note 5—Acquisitions for further information.
Par West redevelopment and other costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Par West redevelopment and other costs were $5.4 million, an increase of $2.5 million compared to $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, associated with the operation and decommissioning of our Par West facility. The increase was primarily due to additional redevelopment costs of $2.3 million.
Interest Expense and Financing Costs, Net. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, our interest expense and financing costs were $31.2 million, a decrease of $3.3 million when compared to $34.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to an increase in interest income of $6.9 million, partially offset by an increase in interest expense due to higher outstanding debt balances.
Debt Extinguishment and Commitment Costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred debt extinguishment and commitment costs of $17.7 million in connection with the refinancing of our long-term debt in the first quarter of 2023. Please read Note 11—Debt for further information. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, our debt extinguishment and commitment costs were $5.7 million and primarily represented extinguishment costs associated with the redemption of $36.9 million of 12.875% Senior Secured Notes in second quarter of 2022.
Equity Earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC were $10.7 million. On March 1, 2023, following a refinancing of certain debt, Laramie Energy was permitted to make a one-time cash distribution to its owners based on ownership percentage. Our share of this distribution was $10.7 million. There were no equity earnings from our investment in Laramie Energy, LLC, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and six months ended June 30, 2022. Please read Note 4—Investment in Laramie Energy for further discussion.
Income Taxes. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded an income tax expense of $2.1 million primarily related to increased taxable income and higher apportionment factors in the states in which we pay taxes. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded an income tax expense of $0.7 million primarily related to increased taxable income.
44

Consolidating Condensed Financial Information
On February 28, 2023, Par Petroleum, LLC (the “Issuer”) entered into the Term Loan Credit Agreement due 2030 with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto. The Term Loan Credit Agreement was co-issued by Par Petroleum Finance Corp. (together with the Issuer, the “Issuers”), which has no independent assets or operations. The Term Loan Credit Agreement is guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis only as to payment of principal and interest by Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. (the “Parent”) and is guaranteed on a senior secured basis by all of the subsidiaries of Par Petroleum, LLC. The Term Loan Credit Agreement proceeds were used to refinance our existing Term Loan B Facility and repurchase our outstanding 7.75% Senior Secured Notes and 12.875% Senior Secured Notes, all three of which had similar guarantees that were replaced by those on the Term Loan Credit Agreement.
The following supplemental condensed consolidating financial information reflects (i) the Parent’s separate accounts, (ii) Par Petroleum, LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries’ accounts (which are all guarantors of the Term Loan Credit Agreement), (iii) the accounts of subsidiaries of the Parent that are not guarantors of the Term Loan Credit Agreement and consolidating adjustments and eliminations, and (iv) the Parent’s consolidated accounts for the dates and periods indicated. For purposes of the following condensed consolidating information, the Parent’s investment in its subsidiaries is accounted for under the equity method of accounting (dollar amounts in thousands).
45

| As of June 30, 2023
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 7,191 |  |  | $ | 183,732 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 190,951 |
Restricted cash | 336 |  |  | 3,670 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,006 |
Trade accounts receivable | — |  |  | 401,711 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 402,086 |
Inventories | — |  |  | 1,241,494 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,241,494 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 3,049 |  |  | 52,140 |  |  | (375) |  |  | 54,814 |
Due from related parties | 355,102 |  |  | — |  |  | (355,102) |  |  | — |
Total current assets | 365,678 |  |  | 1,882,747 |  |  | (355,074) |  |  | 1,893,351 |
Property, plant, and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment | 21,043 |  |  | 1,492,021 |  |  | 3,955 |  |  | 1,517,019 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (15,784) |  |  | (407,760) |  |  | (3,216) |  |  | (426,760) |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 5,259 |  |  | 1,084,261 |  |  | 739 |  |  | 1,090,259 |
Long-term assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,324 |  |  | 328,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 330,864 |
Refining and logistics equity investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 84,425 |  |  | 84,425 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 657,524 |  |  | — |  |  | (657,524) |  |  | — |
Intangible assets, net | — |  |  | 12,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,247 |
Goodwill | — |  |  | 126,678 |  |  | 2,597 |  |  | 129,275 |
Other long-term assets | 726 |  |  | 68,823 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,549 |
Total assets | $ | 1,031,511 |  |  | $ | 3,503,296 |  |  | $ | (924,837) |  |  | $ | 3,609,970 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,353 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,353 |
Obligations under inventory financing agreements | — |  |  | 783,622 |  |  | — |  |  | 783,622 |
Accounts payable | 7,125 |  |  | 344,195 |  |  | — |  |  | 351,320 |
Accrued taxes | 22 |  |  | 48,452 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,474 |
Operating lease liabilities | 783 |  |  | 68,270 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,053 |
Other accrued liabilities | 496 |  |  | 514,321 |  |  | (1,686) |  |  | 513,131 |
Due to related parties | 100,986 |  |  | 153,514 |  |  | (254,500) |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities | 109,412 |  |  | 1,916,727 |  |  | (256,186) |  |  | 1,769,953 |
Long-term liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | — |  |  | 574,762 |  |  | — |  |  | 574,762 |
Finance lease liabilities | — |  |  | 10,839 |  |  | (4,330) |  |  | 6,509 |
Operating lease liabilities | 2,788 |  |  | 268,176 |  |  | — |  |  | 270,964 |
Other liabilities | — |  |  | 101,111 |  |  | (32,640) |  |  | 68,471 |
Total liabilities | 112,200 |  |  | 2,871,615 |  |  | (293,156) |  |  | 2,690,659 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock | 610 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 610 |
Additional paid-in capital | 845,979 |  |  | 314,686 |  |  | (314,686) |  |  | 845,979 |
Accumulated earnings (deficit) | 64,615 |  |  | 310,996 |  |  | (310,996) |  |  | 64,615 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 8,107 |  |  | 5,999 |  |  | (5,999) |  |  | 8,107 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 919,311 |  |  | 631,681 |  |  | (631,681) |  |  | 919,311 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,031,511 |  |  | $ | 3,503,296 |  |  | $ | (924,837) |  |  | $ | 3,609,970 |

46

| As of December 31, 2022
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,547 |  |  | $ | 488,350 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 490,925 |
Restricted cash | 331 |  |  | 3,670 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,001 |
Trade accounts receivable | — |  |  | 252,816 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 252,885 |
Inventories | — |  |  | 1,041,983 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,041,983 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 2,229 |  |  | 89,883 |  |  | (69) |  |  | 92,043 |
Due from related parties | 229,431 |  |  | — |  |  | (229,431) |  |  | — |
Total current assets | 234,538 |  |  | 1,876,702 |  |  | (229,403) |  |  | 1,881,837 |
Property, plant, and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment | 19,865 |  |  | 1,200,747 |  |  | 3,955 |  |  | 1,224,567 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (14,967) |  |  | (370,643) |  |  | (3,123) |  |  | (388,733) |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 4,898 |  |  | 830,104 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 835,834 |
Long-term assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,649 |  |  | 348,112 |  |  | — |  |  | 350,761 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 487,943 |  |  | — |  |  | (487,943) |  |  | — |
Intangible assets, net | — |  |  | 13,577 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,577 |
Goodwill | — |  |  | 126,727 |  |  | 2,598 |  |  | 129,325 |
Other long-term assets | 723 |  |  | 72,721 |  |  | (4,131) |  |  | 69,313 |
Total assets | $ | 730,751 |  |  | $ | 3,267,943 |  |  | $ | (718,047) |  |  | $ | 3,280,647 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,956 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,956 |
Obligations under inventory financing agreements | — |  |  | 893,065 |  |  | — |  |  | 893,065 |
Accounts payable | 4,176 |  |  | 147,219 |  |  | — |  |  | 151,395 |
Accrued taxes | 47 |  |  | 32,052 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,099 |
Operating lease liabilities | 787 |  |  | 65,294 |  |  | — |  |  | 66,081 |
Other accrued liabilities | 511 |  |  | 639,396 |  |  | 587 |  |  | 640,494 |
Due to related parties | 77,420 |  |  | 118,139 |  |  | (195,559) |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities | 82,941 |  |  | 1,906,121 |  |  | (194,972) |  |  | 1,794,090 |
Long-term liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | — |  |  | 494,576 |  |  | — |  |  | 494,576 |
Finance lease liabilities | — |  |  | 10,710 |  |  | (4,399) |  |  | 6,311 |
Operating lease liabilities | 3,273 |  |  | 289,428 |  |  | — |  |  | 292,701 |
Other liabilities | — |  |  | 46,922 |  |  | 1,510 |  |  | 48,432 |
Total liabilities | 86,214 |  |  | 2,747,757 |  |  | (197,861) |  |  | 2,636,110 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock | 604 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 604 |
Additional paid-in capital | 836,491 |  |  | 409,686 |  |  | (409,686) |  |  | 836,491 |
Accumulated earnings (deficit) | (200,687) |  |  | 104,479 |  |  | (104,479) |  |  | (200,687) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 8,129 |  |  | 6,021 |  |  | (6,021) |  |  | 8,129 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 644,537 |  |  | 520,186 |  |  | (520,186) |  |  | 644,537 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 730,751 |  |  | $ | 3,267,943 |  |  | $ | (718,047) |  |  | $ | 3,280,647 |

47

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,783,875 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 1,783,927 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) | — |  |  | 1,574,806 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,574,806 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | — |  |  | 101,843 |  |  | — |  |  | 101,843 |
Depreciation and amortization | 443 |  |  | 27,727 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 28,216 |
Loss on sale of assets, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) | 8,459 |  |  | 14,710 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 23,168 |
Equity (earnings) from refining and logistics investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | (425) |
Acquisition and integration costs (2) | (5,271) |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,273 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | — |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,613 |
Total operating expenses | 3,631 |  |  | 1,734,243 |  |  | (380) |  |  | 1,737,494 |
Operating income (loss) | (3,631) |  |  | 49,632 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 46,433 |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | (18) |  |  | (14,982) |  |  | 91 |  |  | (14,909) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |
Other income (expense), net | 41 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 379 |
Equity earnings (losses) from subsidiaries | 34,389 |  |  | — |  |  | (34,389) |  |  | — |
Equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total other income (expense), net | 34,412 |  |  | (14,607) |  |  | (34,297) |  |  | (14,492) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 30,781 |  |  | 35,025 |  |  | (33,865) |  |  | 31,941 |
Income tax benefit (expense) (1) | (768) |  |  | (8,820) |  |  | 7,660 |  |  | (1,928) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 30,013 |  |  | $ | 26,205 |  |  | $ | (26,205) |  |  | $ | 30,013 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (7,942) |  |  | $ | 158,086 |  |  | $ | 686 |  |  | $ | 150,830 |

48

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,106,284 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 2,106,332 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) | — |  |  | 1,808,925 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,808,925 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | — |  |  | 80,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,865 |
Depreciation and amortization | 576 |  |  | 24,960 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 25,583 |
Loss on sale of assets, net | 27 |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) | 4,756 |  |  | 10,682 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,438 |
Acquisition and integration costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | — |  |  | 1,477 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,477 |
Total operating expenses | 5,359 |  |  | 1,926,897 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 1,932,303 |
Operating income | (5,359) |  |  | 179,387 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 174,029 |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | (4) |  |  | (18,242) |  |  | 92 |  |  | (18,154) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | — |  |  | (5,672) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,672) |
Other income (expense), net | 3 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |
Equity earnings (losses) from subsidiaries | 154,484 |  |  | — |  |  | (154,484) |  |  | — |
Total other income (expense), net | 154,483 |  |  | (23,870) |  |  | (154,392) |  |  | (23,779) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 149,124 |  |  | 155,517 |  |  | (154,391) |  |  | 150,250 |
Income tax benefit (expense) (1) | — |  |  | (38,096) |  |  | 36,971 |  |  | (1,125) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 149,124 |  |  | $ | 117,421 |  |  | $ | (117,420) |  |  | $ | 149,125 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (4,753) |  |  | $ | 246,798 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 242,093 |

49

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,469,072 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 3,469,136 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) | — |  |  | 2,863,826 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,863,826 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | — |  |  | 184,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 184,963 |
Depreciation and amortization | 816 |  |  | 51,666 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 52,576 |
Loss on sale of assets, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) | 14,309 |  |  | 28,146 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 42,454 |
Equity (earnings) from refining and logistics investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | (425) |  |  | (425) |
Acquisition and integration costs | — |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,544 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | — |  |  | 5,363 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,363 |
Total operating expenses | 15,125 |  |  | 3,146,508 |  |  | (332) |  |  | 3,161,301 |
Operating income (loss) | (15,125) |  |  | 322,564 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 307,835 |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | (26) |  |  | (31,315) |  |  | 182 |  |  | (31,159) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | — |  |  | (17,682) |  |  | — |  |  | (17,682) |
Other income (expense), net | 34 |  |  | 310 |  |  | — |  |  | 344 |
Equity earnings (losses) from subsidiaries | 283,933 |  |  | — |  |  | (283,933) |  |  | — |
Equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,706 |  |  | 10,706 |
Total other income (expense), net | 283,941 |  |  | (48,687) |  |  | (273,045) |  |  | (37,791) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 268,816 |  |  | 273,877 |  |  | (272,649) |  |  | 270,044 |
Income tax benefit (expense) (1) | (913) |  |  | (67,360) |  |  | 66,132 |  |  | (2,141) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 206,517 |  |  | $ | (206,517) |  |  | $ | 267,903 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (13,799) |  |  | $ | 331,567 |  |  | $ | 697 |  |  | $ | 318,465 |

50

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,456,564 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 3,456,625 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) | — |  |  | 3,159,174 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,159,174 |
Operating expense (excluding depreciation) | — |  |  | 160,881 |  |  | — |  |  | 160,881 |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,204 |  |  | 48,063 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 49,363 |
Loss on sale of assets, net | 27 |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) | 8,934 |  |  | 22,397 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,331 |
Acquisition and integration costs | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | — |  |  | 2,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,865 |
Total operating expenses | 10,228 |  |  | 3,393,368 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 3,403,692 |
Operating income | (10,228) |  |  | 63,196 |  |  | (35) |  |  | 52,933 |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | (9) |  |  | (34,725) |  |  | 186 |  |  | (34,548) |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | — |  |  | (5,672) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,672) |
Other income (expense), net | (4) |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |
Equity earnings (losses) from subsidiaries | 22,315 |  |  | — |  |  | (22,315) |  |  | — |
Total other income (expense), net | 22,302 |  |  | (40,344) |  |  | (22,129) |  |  | (40,171) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 12,074 |  |  | 22,852 |  |  | (22,164) |  |  | 12,762 |
Income tax benefit (expense) (1) | — |  |  | (5,699) |  |  | 5,011 |  |  | (688) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 12,074 |  |  | $ | 17,153 |  |  | $ | (17,153) |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (8,587) |  |  | $ | 263,003 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 254,477 |

________________________________________
(1) The income tax benefit (expense) of the Parent Guarantor and Issuer and Subsidiaries is determined using the separate return method. The Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations column includes tax benefits recognized at the Par consolidated level that are primarily associated with changes to the consolidated valuation allowance and other deferred tax balances.
(2) The acquisition and integration expense related to the Billings Acquisition was pushed down from the Parent Guarantor to the Issuer and Subsidiaries upon consummation of the transaction.
51

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA for the supplemental consolidating condensed financial information, which is segregated at the “Parent Guarantor,” “Issuer and Subsidiaries,” and “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations” levels, is calculated in the same manner as for the Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Adjusted EBITDA calculations. See “Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Performance Measures — Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA” above.
The following tables present a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, Net income, on a historical basis for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Net income (loss) | $ | 30,013 |  |  | $ | 26,205 |  |  | $ | (26,205) |  |  | $ | 30,013 |
Inventory valuation adjustment | — |  |  | 33,118 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,118 |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments | — |  |  | 9,343 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,343 |
Unrealized loss on derivatives | — |  |  | 22,178 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,178 |
Acquisition and integration costs | (5,271) |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,273 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | — |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,613 |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | — |  |  | (38) |  |  | — |  |  | (38) |
Severance costs | 476 |  |  | 594 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,070 |
Depreciation and amortization | 443 |  |  | 27,727 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 28,216 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | 18 |  |  | 14,982 |  |  | (91) |  |  | 14,909 |
Equity losses (earnings) from Laramie Energy, LLC, excluding Par’s share of unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity losses (income) from subsidiaries | (34,389) |  |  | — |  |  | 34,389 |  |  | — |
Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 207 |  |  | 207 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 768 |  |  | 8,820 |  |  | (7,660) |  |  | 1,928 |
Adjusted EBITDA (1) | $ | (7,942) |  |  | $ | 158,086 |  |  | $ | 686 |  |  | $ | 150,830 |

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Net income (loss) | $ | 149,124 |  |  | $ | 117,421 |  |  | $ | (117,420) |  |  | $ | 149,125 |
Inventory valuation adjustment | — |  |  | (7,557) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,557) |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments | — |  |  | 78,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,548 |
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives | — |  |  | (28,607) |  |  | — |  |  | (28,607) |
Acquisition and integration costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | — |  |  | 5,672 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,672 |
Severance costs | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |
Loss on sale of assets, net | 27 |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Depreciation and amortization | 576 |  |  | 24,960 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 25,583 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | 4 |  |  | 18,242 |  |  | (92) |  |  | 18,154 |
Equity losses (income) from subsidiaries | (154,484) |  |  | — |  |  | 154,484 |  |  | — |
Income tax expense (benefit) | — |  |  | 38,096 |  |  | (36,971) |  |  | 1,125 |
Adjusted EBITDA (1) | $ | (4,753) |  |  | $ | 246,798 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 242,093 |

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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Net income (loss) | $ | 267,903 |  |  | $ | 206,517 |  |  | $ | (206,517) |  |  | $ | 267,903 |
Inventory valuation adjustment | — |  |  | 53,976 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,976 |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments | — |  |  | (123,958) |  |  | — |  |  | (123,958) |
Unrealized loss on derivatives | — |  |  | 8,508 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,508 |
Acquisition and integration costs | — |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,544 |
Par West redevelopment and other costs | — |  |  | 5,363 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,363 |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | — |  |  | 17,682 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,682 |
Severance costs | 476 |  |  | 594 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,070 |
Depreciation and amortization | 816 |  |  | 51,666 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 52,576 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | 26 |  |  | 31,315 |  |  | (182) |  |  | 31,159 |
Equity earnings from Laramie Energy, LLC, excluding Par’s share of unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,706) |  |  | (10,706) |
Equity losses (income) from subsidiaries | (283,933) |  |  | — |  |  | 283,933 |  |  | — |
Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 207 |  |  | 207 |
Income tax expense | 913 |  |  | 67,360 |  |  | (66,132) |  |  | 2,141 |
Adjusted EBITDA (1) | $ | (13,799) |  |  | $ | 331,567 |  |  | $ | 697 |  |  | $ | 318,465 |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Parent Guarantor |  | Issuer and Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Eliminations |  | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Net income (loss) | $ | 12,074 |  |  | $ | 17,153 |  |  | $ | (17,153) |  |  | $ | 12,074 |
Inventory valuation adjustment | — |  |  | 73,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,096 |
Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments | — |  |  | 89,850 |  |  | — |  |  | 89,850 |
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives | — |  |  | (13,155) |  |  | — |  |  | (13,155) |
Acquisition and integration costs | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |
Debt extinguishment and commitment costs | — |  |  | 5,672 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,672 |
Severance costs | 351 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,263 |
Loss on sale of assets, net | 27 |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,204 |  |  | 48,063 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 49,363 |
Interest expense and financing costs, net | 9 |  |  | 34,725 |  |  | (186) |  |  | 34,548 |
Equity losses (income) from subsidiaries | (22,315) |  |  | — |  |  | 22,315 |  |  | — |
Income tax expense (benefit) | — |  |  | 5,699 |  |  | (5,011) |  |  | 688 |
Adjusted EBITDA (1) | $ | (8,587) |  |  | $ | 263,003 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 254,477 |

________________________________________
(1)For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no LIFO liquidation adjustment, change in value of contingent consideration, change in value of common stock warrants, change in valuation allowance or other deferred tax items, impairment expense, impairments associated with our investment in Laramie Energy, our share of Laramie Energy’s asset impairment losses in excess of our basis difference, or our share of Laramie Energy’s unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, there was no Par’s portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from refining and logistics investments.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity and capital requirements are primarily a function of our debt maturities and debt service requirements and contractual obligations, capital expenditures, turnaround outlays, and working capital needs. Examples of working capital needs include purchases and sales of commodities and associated margin and collateral requirements, facility maintenance costs, and other costs such as payroll. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, cash on hand, amounts available under our credit agreements, and access to capital markets.
Our liquidity position as of June 30, 2023 was $464.4 million and consisted of $457.1 million at Par Petroleum, LLC and subsidiaries, $7.2 million at Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., and $0.1 million at all our other subsidiaries.
As of June 30, 2023, we had access to the ABL Credit Facility, the J. Aron Discretionary Draw Facility, the MLC receivable advances, and cash on hand of $191.0 million. In addition, we have the Supply and Offtake Agreement with J. Aron and the Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement, which are used to finance the majority of the inventory at our Hawaii and Washington refineries, respectively. Generally, the primary uses of our capital resources have been in the operations of our refining and retail segments, payments related to acquisitions, and to repay or refinance indebtedness. On June 1, 2023 we closed the Billings Acquisition; please read Note 5—Acquisitions for further information. On April 26, 2023, we terminated the Prior ABL Credit Facility with certain lenders and Bank of America and entered into a new ABL Credit Facility. Please read Note 11—Debt for further information about the ABL Credit Facility. On July 26, 2023, we entered into a new LC Facility. Please read Note 20—Subsequent Events for further information about the LC Facility.
We believe our cash flows from operations and available capital resources will be sufficient to meet our current capital expenditures, working capital, and debt service requirements for the next 12 months. We may seek to raise additional debt or equity capital to fund acquisitions and any other significant changes to our business or to refinance existing debt. We cannot offer any assurances that such capital will be available in sufficient amounts or at an acceptable cost.
We may from time to time seek to retire or repurchase our common stock through cash purchases, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors. The amounts involved may be material. The Term Loan Credit Agreement may also require annual prepayments of principal with a variable percentage of our excess cash flow, 50% or 25% depending on our consolidated year end secured net leverage ratio (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement).
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes cash activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 312,240 |  |  | $ | 27,657 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (626,021) |  |  | (28,952) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 13,812 |  |  | 75,252 |

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was driven primarily by net income of $267.9 million, non-cash charges to operations and non-operating items of approximately $76.1 million, and net cash used for changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $31.8 million. Non-cash charges to operations and non-operating items consisted primarily of the following adjustments:

|  |  | • |  | depreciation and amortization expenses of $52.6 million,
|  |  | • |  | debt commitment and extinguishment costs of $17.7 million,
|  |  | • |  | unrealized loss on derivatives contracts of $7.6 million, and
|  |  | • |  | stock based compensation costs of $6.1 million,
|  |  | partially offset by:
|  |  | • |  | gain of $10.7 million from our equity investment in Laramie Energy.

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Net cash used for changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted primarily from:

|  |  | • |  | an increase in our accounts receivable due to the Billings Acquisition,
|  |  | • |  | a decrease in gross environmental credit obligations primarily related to retirements of a portion of our prior year obligations, partially offset by increased current period obligations
|  |  | • |  | a decrease in our inventory financing agreement obligations.
|  |  | partially offset by:
|  |  | • |  | an increase in our and accounts payable, and
|  |  | • |  | an increase in inventory driven by Washington CCA assets, partially offset by lower crude oil and refined product prices and lower inventory volumes at our Hawaii refinery.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 consisted primarily of:

|  |  | • |  | $608.2 million for the Billings Acquisition, and
|  |  | • |  | $30.7 million in additions to property, plant, and equipment driven by maintenance projects at our refineries and various profit improvement projects, including construction of a flagship retail store in Washington, improved crude processing equipment at our Hawaii refinery, a co-processing unit at our Tacoma refinery, and various IT infrastructure improvements,
|  |  | partially offset by:
|  |  | • |  | a $10.7 million cash distribution received from Laramie Energy in the first quarter of 2023.

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $13.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and consisted primarily of the following activities:

|  |  | • |  | net borrowings of debt of $61.3 million primarily driven by the refinancing and consolidation of our debt,
|  |  | partially offset by:
|  |  | • |  | net repayment under the J. Aron Discretionary Draw Facility and MLC receivable advances of $31.4 million, and
|  |  | • |  | aggregate payments of $17.9 million of deferred loan costs and debt extinguishment costs, related to our debt refinancing.

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was driven primarily by non-cash charges to operations of approximately $49.9 million and net income of $12.1 million, partially offset by net cash used for changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $34.3 million. Non-cash charges to operations consisted primarily of the following adjustments:

|  |  | • |  | depreciation and amortization expenses of $49.4 million,
|  |  | • |  | stock based compensation costs of $5.8 million, and
|  |  | • |  | debt commitment and extinguishment costs of $5.7 million,
|  |  | partially offset by:
|  |  | • |  | unrealized loss on derivatives contracts of $13.2 million.

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Net cash used for changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted primarily from:

|  |  | • |  | net increases in our inventories and accounts receivable resulting from higher crude oil and refined product prices and higher inventory volumes at our Hawaii refinery, and
|  |  | • |  | increase in prepaid and other primarily driven by $66.1 million increase in collateral posted with broker to support commodity derivative positions,
|  |  | partially offset by:
|  |  | • |  | net increases in our Supply and Offtake Agreement and Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement obligations and accounts payable, and
|  |  | • |  | an increase in gross environmental credit obligations primarily related to current period production volumes and increases in RINs prices.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 consisted primarily of:

|  |  | • |  | $29.0 million in additions to property, plant, and equipment driven by profit improvement and turnaround projects including crude recovery and debottlenecking projects at our Tacoma refinery, maintenance projects at our Wyoming refinery, and co-generation engine and combustion projects at our Hawaii refinery.

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $75.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and consisted primarily of the following activities:

|  |  | • |  | net borrowings under the J. Aron Discretionary Draw Facility and MLC receivable advances of $142.3 million,
|  |  | partially offset by:
|  |  | • |  | net repayments of debt of $57.0 million primarily driven by the partial repurchase and cancellation of our 7.75% Senior Secured Notes and 12.875% Senior Secured Notes, and
|  |  | • |  | repurchases of common stock of $6.5 million.

Cash Requirements. There have been no material changes to the cash requirements disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, outside the ordinary course of business except as follows:
Debt Refinancing. On February 28, 2023, we entered into the Term Loan Credit Agreement. The proceeds were used to repurchase and cancel the then-outstanding 7.75% Senior Secured Notes and 12.875% Senior Secured Notes and terminate and repay all amounts outstanding under the Term Loan B Facility. As a result of this refinancing, our debt maturity was extended from 2026 to 2030 and, using interest rates that were in effect at March 31, 2023, our estimated undiscounted future interest payments increased to $295 million. Please read Note 11—Debt for more information.
Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no material changes to critical accounting estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute “forward-looking” statements as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), or in releases made by the SEC, all as may be amended from time to time. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors including, without limitation, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and certain developments in the global crude oil markets on our business, our customers, and the markets where we operate; our beliefs regarding available capital resources; our beliefs regarding the likely results or impact of certain disputes or contingencies and any potential fines or penalties; our beliefs regarding the fair value of certain assets, and our expectations with respect to laws and regulations, including environmental regulations and related compliance costs and any fines or penalties related thereto; our expectations regarding the sufficiency of our cash flows and liquidity; our expectations regarding anticipated capital expenditures, including the timing and cost of compliance with consent decrees and other enforcement actions; our expectations
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regarding the impact of the adoption of certain accounting standards; our estimates regarding the fair value of certain indebtedness; estimated costs to settle claims from the Delta bankruptcy; the estimated value of, and our ability to settle, legal claims remaining to be settled against third parties; our expectations regarding the synergies or other benefits of our acquisitions; our expectations regarding certain tax liabilities and debt obligations; management’s assumptions about future events; our ability to integrate the recently acquired ExxonMobil Billings refinery and associated marketing and logistics assets (the “Acquisition”) into our existing business, the anticipated synergies and other benefits of the Acquisition, including renewable growth opportunities; anticipated liabilities and costs associated with the Acquisition; the anticipated financial and operating results of the Acquisition, and the effect on the Company’s cash flows and profitability (including Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income); our ability to raise additional debt or equity capital; our ability to make strategic investments in business opportunities; and the estimates, assumptions, and projections regarding future financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows. These and other forward-looking statements could cause the actual results, performance, or achievements of Par and its subsidiaries to differ materially from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as the words “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “seeks,” or “scheduled to,” or other similar words, or the negative of these terms or other variations of these terms or comparable language, or by discussion of strategy or intentions. These cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, and the PSLRA with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of such laws.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are largely based on our expectations, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known market conditions and other factors. Although we believe such estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control, including those set out in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under “Risk Factors.”
In addition, management’s assumptions about future events may prove to be inaccurate. All readers are cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not guarantees of future performance; and we cannot assure any reader that such statements will be realized or that the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements due to factors described above and under Critical Accounting Estimates and Risk Factors included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. There can be no guarantee that the operational and financial measures the Company has taken, and may take in the future, will be fully effective. We do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf.
Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Commodity Price Risk
Our earnings, cash flows, and liquidity are significantly affected by commodity price volatility. Our Revenues fluctuate with refined product prices and our Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) fluctuates with movements in crude oil and feedstock prices. Assuming all other factors remain constant, a $1 per barrel change in average gross refining margins, based on our throughput for the three months ended June 30, 2023 of 162 thousand bpd, would change annualized operating income by approximately $58.4 million. This analysis may differ from actual results.
In order to manage commodity price risks, we utilize exchange-traded futures, OTC options, and OTC swaps associated with:
•the price for which we sell our refined products;
•the price we pay for crude oil and other feedstocks;
•our crude oil and refined products inventory; and
•our fuel requirements for our refineries.
All of our futures and OTC swaps are executed to economically hedge our physical commodity purchases, sales, and inventory. All our open futures and OTC swaps at June 30, 2023, will settle by December 2024. Based on our net open positions at June 30, 2023, a $1 change in the price of crude oil, assuming all other factors remain constant, would result in a
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change of approximately $2.8 million to the fair value of these derivative instruments and Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation).
Our predominant variable operating cost is the cost of fuel consumed in the refining process, which is included in Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we consumed approximately 142 thousand bpd of crude oil during the refining process across all our refineries. We internally consumed approximately 3% of this throughput in the refining process during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, which is accounted for as a fuel cost. We have executed option collars to economically hedge our internally consumed fuel cost at all our refineries. Please read Note 12—Derivatives to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Compliance Program Price Risk
We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility in the price of RINs required to comply with the Renewable Fuel Standard. Our RVO is based on a percentage of our Hawaii, Wyoming, Washington, and Montana refineries’ production of on-road transportation fuel. The EPA sets the RVO percentages annually. On June 3, 2022, the EPA finalized the 2021 and 2022 RVOs, reduced the existing 2020 RVO, denied 69 small refinery exemption petitions including ours, and proposed that certain small refineries be permitted to use an alternative RIN retirement schedule for their 2019-2020 compliance obligations. To the degree we are unable to blend the required amount of biofuels to satisfy our RVO, we must purchase RINs on the open market. To mitigate the impact of this risk on our results of operations and cash flows, we may purchase RINs when we deem the price of these instruments to be favorable. Some of these contracts are derivative instruments, however, we elect the normal purchases normal sales exception and do not record these contracts at their fair values.
Additionally, we are exposed to market risks related to the volatility in the price of compliance credits required to comply with Washington CCA and Clean Fuel Standard. To the extent we are unable to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation fuels we sell in Washington, we must purchase compliance credits at auction or in the open market. The number of credits required to comply with the Washington CCA and Clean Fuel Standard is based on the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation fuels we sell in Washington compared to certain regulatory limits. To mitigate the impact of this risk on our results of operations and cash flows, we may purchase credits when we deem the price to be favorable.
Interest Rate Risk
As of June 30, 2023, we had $589.6 million in debt principal that was subject to floating interest rates. We also had interest rate exposure in connection with our liabilities under the J. Aron Supply and Offtake Agreement and the MLC Washington Refinery Intermediation Agreement for which we pay charges based on the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and SOFR, respectively. An increase of 1% in the variable rate on our indebtedness, after considering the instruments subject to minimum interest rates, would result in an increase to our Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) and Interest expense and financing costs, net, of approximately $0.9 million and $8.1 million per year, respectively. We may utilize interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate risk. As of June 30, 2023 we had entered into an interest rate collar at a cap of 5.50% and floor of 2.295%, based on the three month SOFR as of the fixing date. This swap expires on May 31, 2026. Please read Note 12—Derivatives for more information.
We have one contract that references LIBOR as of June 30, 2023. Effective July 1, 2023, this facility will reference daily SOFR. Please read Note 11—Debt for more information.
Credit Risk
We are subject to risk of losses resulting from nonpayment or nonperformance by our counterparties. We will continue to closely monitor the creditworthiness of customers to whom we grant credit and establish credit limits in accordance with our credit policy.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In connection with the preparation of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as of June 30, 2023, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
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Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than the acquisition of ExxonMobil’s Billings refinery, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We are currently in the process of integrating the Billings refinery operations, control processes and information systems into our systems and control environment and will include them in scope for the year ending December 31, 2024. We believe that we have taken the necessary steps to monitor and maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting during this integration.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of our business. Please read Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risks factors included under Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. You should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in our 2022 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.
Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Dividends
We have not paid dividends on our common stock and we do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. In addition, under the ABL Credit Facility and Term Loan Credit Agreement our subsidiaries are restricted from paying dividends or making other equity distributions, subject to certain exceptions.
Repurchases
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended June 30, 2023:

Period | Total number of shares (or units) purchased (1) |  | Average price paid per share (or unit) |  | Total number of shares (or units) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (1) |  | Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares (or units) that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1)
April 1 - April 30, 2023 | 1,046 |  |  | $ | 23.08 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 43,454,006 |
May 1 - May 31, 2023 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,454,006 |
June 1 - June 30, 2023 | 127,003 |  |  | 23.93 |  |  | 110.495 |  |  | 43,343,511 |
Total | 128,049 |  |  | $ | 23.92 |  |  | 110.495 |  |  |

________________________________________________
(1)On November 10, 2021, the Board authorized and approved a share repurchase program for up to $50 million of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, with no specified end date. On August 2, 2023, the Board approved expanding the Company’s share repurchase authorization from $50 million to $250 million. Shares repurchased that were not associated with the share repurchase program were surrendered by employees to pay taxes withheld upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.
Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
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During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2023, no director of the Company adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 105-1 trading arrangements as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. EXHIBITS

2.1 | Third Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Delta Petroleum Corporation and Its Debtor Affiliates dated August 16, 2012. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 7, 2012.
2.2 | Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated as of June 17, 2013, by and among Tesoro Corporation, Tesoro Hawaii, LLC, and Hawaii Pacific Energy, LLC Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013, filed on August 14, 2013.
2.3 | Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 2, 2014, by and among the Company, Bogey, Inc., Koko’oha Investments, Inc., and Bill D. Mills, in his capacity as the Shareholders’ Representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014, filed on August 11, 2014.
2.4 | Amendment of Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of September 9, 2014, by and among the Company, Bogey, Inc., Koko’oha Investments, Inc., and Bill D. Mills, in his capacity as the Shareholders’ Representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 10, 2014.
2.5 | Second Amendment of Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of December 31, 2014, by and among Par Petroleum Corporation, Bogey, Inc., Koko’oha Investments, Inc., and Bill D. Mills, in his capacity as the Shareholder’s Representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2015.
2.6 | Third Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of March 31, 2015, by and among the Company, Bogey, Inc., Koko’oha Investments, Inc., and Bill D. Mills, in his capacity as the Shareholders’ Representative. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 2, 2015.
2.7 | Unit Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 13, 2016, between Par Wyoming, LLC and Black Elk Refining, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 15, 2016.
2.8 | First Amendment to Unit Purchase Agreement dated as of July 14, 2016, between Par Wyoming, LLC and Black Elk Refining, LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 2016.
2.9 | Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of November 26, 2018, among Par Petroleum, LLC, TrailStone NA Oil & Refining Holdings, LLC, and solely for certain purposes specified therein, the Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 30, 2018. #
2.10 | Amendment No. 1 to Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of January 11, 2019, among Par Petroleum, LLC, TrailStone NA Oil & Refining Holdings, LLC and Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2019.
2.11 | Equity and Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of October 20, 2022, by and among Exxon Mobil Corporation, ExxonMobil Oil Corporation and ExxonMobil Pipeline Company, LLC, as sellers, and Par Montana, LLC and Par Montana Holdings, LLC, as purchaser entities, and solely for the limited purposes set forth therein, Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2022.
2.12 | First Amendment to Equity and Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of June 1, 2023, by and among Exxon Mobil Corporation, ExxonMobil Oil Corporation and ExxonMobil Pipeline Company, LLC, as sellers, and Par Montana, LLC, Par Montana Holdings, LLC, and Par Rocky Mountain Midstream, LLC, as purchaser entities, and solely for the limited purposes set forth therein, Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2023.
3.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated October 20, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2015.
3.2 | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated October 20, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2015.
4.1 | Form of the Company’s Common Stock Certificate. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2014.
4.2 | Stockholders Agreement dated April 10, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2015.
4.3 | Registration Rights Agreement effective as of August 31, 2012, by and among the Company, Zell Credit Opportunities Master Fund, L.P., Waterstone Capital Management, L.P., Pandora Select Partners, LP, Iam Mini-Fund 14 Limited, Whitebox Multi-Strategy Partners, LP, Whitebox Credit Arbitrage Partners, LP, HFR RVA Combined Master Trust, Whitebox Concentrated Convertible Arbitrage Partners, LP, and Whitebox Asymmetric Partners, LP. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 7, 2012.

4.4 | First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement dated as of December 19, 2018, by and among the Company and the holders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 filed on December 21, 2018.
10.1 | Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of April 26, 2023, by and among Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., as Holdings, Par Petroleum, LLC, Par Hawaii, LLC, Hermes Consolidated, LLC, Wyoming Pipeline Company LLC, Par Montana, LLC and Par Rocky Mountain Midstream, LLC, as Borrowers, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Agent, Issuing Bank, and Swing Lender, the lenders party thereto, as the Lenders, and the other issuing banks party thereto, as Issuing Banks, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, N.A., Goldman Sachs Bank USA, MUFG Bank, LTD and Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2023.
10.2 | First Amendment to Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2023, by and among Par Pacific Holdings, Inc., as Holdings, Par Petroleum, LLC, Par Hawaii, LLC, Hermes Consolidated, LLC, Wyoming Pipeline Company LLC, Par Montana, LLC and Par Rocky Mountain Midstream, LLC, as Borrowers, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Agent, Issuing Bank, and Swing Lender, the lenders party thereto, as the Lenders, and the other issuing banks party thereto, as Issuing Banks, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, N.A., Goldman Sachs Bank USA, MUFG Bank, LTD and Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2023.
10.3 | Thirty-First Amendment to First Lien ISDA 2002 Master Agreement, entered into as of April 26, 2023, by and between U.S. Oil & Refining Co. and Merrill Lynch Commodities, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2023.
10.4 | Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Supply and Offtake Agreement, dated as of June 21, 2023, by and among Par Hawaii Refining LLC, Par Petroleum, LLC, as guarantor, and J. Aron & Company LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 26, 2023.
10.5 | Uncommitted Credit Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2023, by and among Par Hawaii Refining, LLC, as borrower, each of the lenders and letter of credit issuers listed on the signature pages thereof, MUFG Bank, Ltd., as administrative agent for the lenders, sub-collateral agent, as joint lead arranger and sole bookrunner, Macquarie Bank Limited, as joint lead arranger, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, solely in its capacity as collateral agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2023.
10.6 | Parent Guaranty, dated as of July 26, 2023, made by Par Petroleum, LLC, as guarantor. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2023.
10.7 | Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Supply and Offtake Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2023, by and among Par Hawaii Refining LLC, Par Petroleum, LLC, as guarantor, and J. Aron & Company LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2023.
10.8 | Third Amended and Restated Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2023, by and among Par Hawaii Refining, LLC, J. Aron & Company LLC, MUFG Bank, Ltd., and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as collateral agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2023.
10.9 | Collateral Agency and Intermediation Rights Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2023, by and among Par Hawaii Refining, LLC, MUFG Bank, Ltd., J. Aron & Company LLC, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as collateral agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2023.
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. **
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. **
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.*
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Documents.*
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.*
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.*
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.*

104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).*

* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
# Portions of this exhibit have been redacted in accordance with Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K.

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange of Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| PAR PACIFIC HOLDINGS, INC. (Registrant)
| By: | /s/ William Pate |  |
|  | William Pate |  |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |  |
| By: | /s/ Shawn Flores |  |
|  | Shawn Flores |  |
|  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  |

Date: August 9, 2023