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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Current:  
U.S.—Federal$— $— $— 
U.S.—State(2,380)10,883 362 
Foreign— — 73 
Deferred:  
U.S.—Federal(5,528)(133,979)236 
U.S.—State2,212 7,760 39 
Total$(5,696)$(115,336)$710 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
Income tax expense was different from the amounts computed by applying U.S. Federal income tax rate to pretax income as a result of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit(0.9)%2.9 %0.1 %
Change in valuation allowance related to current activity— %(45.3)%(21.3)%
Permanent items1.6 %0.4 %0.4 %
Equity Method Investment Recovery
2.5 %— %— %
Non-deductible executive compensation
(9.8)%— %— %
Other
0.7 %2.2 %— %
Actual income tax rate15.1 %(18.8)%0.2 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20242023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss$257,394 $244,243 
Environmental credit obligations8,875 11,280 
ROU Liabilities
109,436 87,686 
Other21,567 13,313 
Total deferred tax assets397,272 356,522 
Valuation allowance(52,741)(52,755)
Net deferred tax assets344,531 303,767 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Inventory3,480 2,681 
Property and equipment105,612 90,882 
Intangible assets2,223 511 
ROU Assets
110,053 89,087 
Total deferred tax liabilities221,368 183,161 
Total deferred tax assets, net (1)
$123,163 $120,606 
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(1)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, deferred tax assets, net, is included in Other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets.