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Variable Interest Entities and Equity Method Investments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Variable Interest Entities and Equity Method Investments | VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES AND EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS Investment Funds Over a period of five years (2015 through 2019), we formed five investment funds (tax equity partnerships) with third party investors which granted the applicable investor ownership interests in the net assets of certain of our renewable energy project subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2022, we had three such investment funds each with a different third-party investor. We consolidate the investment funds, and all inter-company balances and transactions between Ameresco and the investment funds are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements. We determined that the investment funds meet the definition of a VIE. We use a qualitative approach in assessing the consolidation requirement for VIEs that focuses on determining whether we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and whether we have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We have considered the provisions within the contractual arrangements that grant us power to manage and make decisions that affect the operation of these VIEs, including determining the solar energy systems and associated long term customer contracts to be sold or contributed to the VIEs, and installation, operation, and maintenance of the solar energy systems. We considered the rights granted to the other investors under the contractual arrangements to be more protective in nature rather than participating rights. As such, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs for all periods presented. We evaluate our relationships with VIEs on an ongoing basis to ensure that we continue to be the primary beneficiary. Under the related agreements, cash distributions of income and other receipts by the funds, net of agreed-upon expenses and estimated expenses, tax benefits and detriments of income and loss, and tax benefits of tax credits, are assigned to the funds’ investor and our subsidiaries as specified in contractual arrangements. Certain of these arrangements have call and put options to acquire the investor’s equity interest as specified in the contractual agreements. See Note 12 for additional information about these investment funds and the call and put options. Other Variable Interest Entities We execute certain contracts jointly with third parties through various forms of joint ventures. Although the joint ventures own and hold the contracts with the clients, the services required by the contracts are typically performed by us and our joint venture partners, or by other subcontractors under subcontracting agreements with the joint ventures. Many of these joint ventures are formed for a specific project. The assets of these joint ventures generally consist almost entirely of cash and land, and the liabilities of our joint ventures generally consist almost entirely of amounts due to the joint venture partners. We follow guidance on the consolidation of VIEs that requires companies to utilize a qualitative approach to determine whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. The process for identifying the primary beneficiary of a VIE requires consideration of the factors that indicate a party has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the joint ventures economic performance, including powers granted to the joint ventures program manager, powers contained in the joint venture governing board and, to a certain extent, a company's economic interest in the joint venture. We analyze our joint ventures and classify them as either: •a VIE that must be consolidated because we are the primary beneficiary or the joint venture is not a VIE and we hold the majority voting interest with no significant participative rights available to the other partners, or •a VIE that does not require consolidation and is treated as an equity method investment because we are not the primary beneficiary or the joint venture is not a VIE and we do not hold the majority voting interest. Many of our joint ventures are deemed to be VIEs because they lack sufficient equity to finance the activities of the joint venture. The table below presents a summary of amounts related to our VIEs reflected in Note 1 on our consolidated balance sheets:
| As of December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment Funds |  | Other VIEs |  | Total VIEs |  | Investment Funds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,715 |  |  | $ | 8,392 |  |  | $ | 10,107 |  |  | $ | 4,915 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted cash | 799 |  |  | — |  |  | 799 |  |  | 822 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net | 24 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 590 |  |  | 656 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings | 951 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 952 |  |  | 1,421 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 35 |  |  | 14,287 |  |  | 14,322 |  |  | 151 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total VIE current assets | 3,524 |  |  | 23,246 |  |  | 26,770 |  |  | 7,965 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment, net | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | 89 |  |  | 1,266 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy assets, net | 84,081 |  |  | 97,969 |  |  | 182,050 |  |  | 108,498 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease assets | 4,901 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,901 |  |  | 6,271 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted cash, non-current portion | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | 73 |  |  | 418 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total VIE assets | $ | 92,698 |  |  | $ | 121,215 |  |  | $ | 213,913 |  |  | $ | 124,454 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portions of long-term debt and financing lease liabilities | $ | 2,087 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,087 |  |  | $ | 2,210 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | 48 |  |  | 8,007 |  |  | 8,055 |  |  | 47 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 304 |  |  | 12,255 |  |  | 12,559 |  |  | 643 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portions of operating lease liabilities | 117 |  |  | — |  |  | 117 |  |  | 142 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total VIE current liabilities | 2,556 |  |  | 20,262 |  |  | 22,818 |  |  | 3,042 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt and financing lease liabilities, net of current portion, unamortized discount and debt issuance costs | 19,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,177 |  |  | 20,952 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 5,159 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,159 |  |  | 6,558 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 866 |  |  | 2,709 |  |  | 3,575 |  |  | 573 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total VIE liabilities | $ | 27,758 |  |  | $ | 22,971 |  |  | $ | 50,729 |  |  | $ | 31,125 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity Method Investments Unconsolidated VIEs/joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we entered into three unconsolidated joint ventures and during the year ended December 31, 2021 we invested $9,000 in one new joint venture. No other material investments were made. Our investment balances for these equity method investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets and our pro rata share of net income or loss is included in operating income. The following table provides information about our equity method investments in joint ventures:
|  | As of December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021
Equity method investments |  | $ | 10,855 |  |  | $ | 9,206 |
Earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entities |  | $ | 1,647 |  |  | $ | (118) |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a variable interest entity (VIE), including but not limited to, judgments and assumptions in determining whether to consolidate and in identifying the primary beneficiary, gain (loss) recognized on the initial consolidation of the VIE, terms of arrangements, amounts and classification of the VIE's assets and liabilities, and the entity's maximum exposure to loss. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197479 + Details
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