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Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]  
Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS Our subsidiaries with membership interests in the investment funds we formed have the right to elect to require the non-controlling interest holder to sell all of its membership units to our subsidiaries, a call option. Our investment funds also include
rights for the non-controlling interest holder to elect to require our subsidiaries to purchase all of the non-controlling membership interests in the fund, a put option.
The following table sets forth information about the call and put options for our investment funds outstanding as of December 31, 2022:
Call OptionPut Option
Investment Fund NumberFormation DateStart DateEnd DatePurchase PriceStart DateEnd DatePurchase Price
1June 2018April 2024October 2024(1)October 2024April 2025(3)
2October 2018June 2024December 2024(1)December 2024June 2025(3)
3December 2019March 2026September 2026(2)September 2026September 2027(4)
(1) Purchase price is equal to the greater of (i) the fair market value of such interests at the time the option is exercised or (ii) 7% of the investors’ contributed capital balance at the time the option is exercisable.
(2) Purchase price is equal to the greater of (i) the fair market value of such interests at the time the option is exercised or (ii) 5% of the investors’ contributed capital balance at the time the option is exercisable. The call options are exercisable beginning on the date that specified conditions are met for each respective fund. These dates are estimate and subject to change based on last funding date.
(3) Purchase price is the sum of (i) the fair market value at the time the option is exercised, and (ii) the closing costs incurred by the investor in connection with the exercise of the put option.
(4) Purchase price is the lessor of fair market value at the time the option is exercised and the sum of (i) 5% of the investors’ contributed capital balance at the time the option is exercisable, and (ii) the fair market value of any unpaid tax law change losses incurred by the investor in connection with the exercise of the put option.
The call options are exercisable beginning on the date that specified conditions are met for each respective fund. The following table presents our call option exercised during the:
Year Ended December 31,
20222021
Start date of call optionDecember 2022March 2021
Date purchase of investor's share was finalizedDecember 2022September 2021
Cash paid$839 $1,000 
We reclassified the remaining redeemable non-controlling interest balance to paid-in capital to reflect the additional contribution from us to our wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Because the put options represent redemption features that are not solely within our control, the non-controlling interests in these funds are presented outside of permanent equity. Redeemable non-controlling interests are reported using the greater of their carrying value (which is impacted by attribution under the HLBV method) or their estimated redemption value at each reporting period. At both December 31, 2022 and 2021, redeemable non-controlling interests were reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at their carrying values, as the carrying value at each reporting period was greater than the estimated redemption value.