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Investment Securities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investment Securities | Investment Securities Securities Available for Sale Below is an analysis of the amortized cost and fair values of securities available for sale at December 31:
| 2020 |  | 2019
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential | $ | 6,492 |  |  | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,230 |  |  | $ | 7,745 |  |  | $ | 596 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,341 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Commercial | 182,823 |  |  | 8,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 191,180 |  |  | 186,316 |  |  | 2,983 |  |  | (166) |  |  | 189,133 |
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential | 481,109 |  |  | 14,924 |  |  | — |  |  | 496,033 |  |  | 660,777 |  |  | 4,113 |  |  | (2,943) |  |  | 661,947 |
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises | 100,996 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,998 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions | 11,154 |  |  | 243 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,397 |  |  | 17,738 |  |  | 171 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,909 |
Corporate Securities | 22,941 |  |  | 1,444 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,385 |  |  | 22,919 |  |  | 1,043 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,962 |
Total Securities Available for Sale | $ | 805,515 |  |  | $ | 25,708 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 831,223 |  |  | $ | 896,495 |  |  | $ | 8,906 |  |  | $ | (3,109) |  |  | $ | 902,292 |
Mortgage backed securities include mortgage backed obligations of U.S. Government agencies and obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises. These obligations have contractual maturities ranging from less than one year to approximately 30 years with lower anticipated lives to maturity due to prepayments. All mortgage backed securities contain a certain amount of risk related to the uncertainty of prepayments of the underlying mortgages. Interest rate changes have a direct impact upon prepayment speeds; therefore, First Commonwealth uses computer simulation models to test the average life and yield volatility of all mortgage backed securities under various interest rate scenarios to monitor the potential impact on earnings and interest rate risk positions. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Other fixed income securities within the portfolio also contain prepayment risk. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are shown below:
| Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (dollars in thousands)
Due within 1 year | $ | 104,995 |  |  | $ | 105,015 |
Due after 1 but within 5 years | 19,349 |  |  | 20,395 |
Due after 5 but within 10 years | 10,747 |  |  | 11,370 |
Due after 10 years | — |  |  | — |
| 135,091 |  |  | 136,780 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities (a) | 670,424 |  |  | 694,443 |
Total Debt Securities | $ | 805,515 |  |  | $ | 831,223 |
(a)Mortgage Backed Securities include an amortized cost of $189.3 million and a fair value of $198.4 million for Obligations of U.S. Government agencies issued by Ginnie Mae and an amortized cost of $481.1 million and a fair value of $496.0 million for Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Proceeds from sales of securities and gross gains (losses) realized on sales, calls and maturities of securities available for sale were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (dollars in thousands)
Proceeds from sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 15,939 |
Gross (losses) gains realized: |  |  |  |  |
Sales Transactions: |  |  |  |  |
Gross gains | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,719 |
Gross losses | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |
| — |  |  | (7) |  |  | 4,719 |
Maturities |  |  |  |  |
Gross gains | 70 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 3,383 |
Gross losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 70 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 3,383 |
Net gains | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 8,102 |
Gross gains from maturities recognized in 2020 were the result of calls on municipal securities. Gross losses on sales transactions recognized in 2019 were the result of the sale of one municipal security after its credit rating was withdrawn. Gross gains from maturities recognized in 2019 were the result of calls on municipal securities. Gross gains from sales transactions of $4.7 million were recognized in 2018 as a result of the sale of the remaining pooled trust preferred security portfolio. Gross gains from maturities of $3.4 million were recognized in 2018 as a result of successful auction calls on PreSTL XIV and PreSTL IX, two of our pooled trust preferred securities. Securities available for sale with an approximate fair value of $792.1 million and $584.8 million were pledged as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to secure public deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law. Securities Held to Maturity Below is an analysis of the amortized cost and fair values of debt securities held to maturity at December 31:
| 2020 |  | 2019
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential | $ | 2,766 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,904 |  |  | $ | 3,392 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,449 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Commercial | 36,799 |  |  | 1,441 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,240 |  |  | 51,291 |  |  | 18 |  |  | (184) |  |  | 51,125 |
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential | 277,351 |  |  | 5,389 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 282,730 |  |  | 229,667 |  |  | 1,377 |  |  | (294) |  |  | 230,750 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Commercial | 9,737 |  |  | 344 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,081 |  |  | 12,081 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,148 |
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions | 34,391 |  |  | 705 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,096 |  |  | 40,092 |  |  | 554 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,646 |
Debt Securities Issued by Foreign Governments | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | 600 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 600 |
Total Securities Held to Maturity | $ | 361,844 |  |  | $ | 8,017 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | 369,851 |  |  | $ | 337,123 |  |  | $ | 2,073 |  |  | $ | (478) |  |  | $ | 338,718 |
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (dollars in thousands)
Due within 1 year | $ | 2,500 |  |  | $ | 2,525 |
Due after 1 but within 5 years | 7,669 |  |  | 7,742 |
Due after 5 but within 10 years | 20,126 |  |  | 20,689 |
Due after 10 years | 4,896 |  |  | 4,940 |
| 35,191 |  |  | 35,896 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities (a) | 326,653 |  |  | 333,955 |
Total Debt Securities | $ | 361,844 |  |  | $ | 369,851 |
(a)Mortgage Backed Securities include an amortized cost of $39.6 million and a fair value of $41.1 million for Obligations of U.S. Government agencies issued by Ginnie Mae and an amortized cost of $287.1 million and a fair value of $292.8 million for Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Securities held to maturity with an amortized cost of $228.1 million and $306.8 million were pledged as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to secure public deposits for other purposes required or permitted by law. Other Investments As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB"), First Commonwealth is required to purchase and hold stock in the FHLB to satisfy membership and borrowing requirements. The level of stock required to be held is dependent on the amount of First Commonwealth's mortgage related assets and outstanding borrowings with the FHLB. This stock is restricted in that it can only be sold to the FHLB or to another member institution, and all sales of FHLB stock must be at par. As a result of these restrictions, FHLB stock is unlike other investment securities insofar as there is no trading market for FHLB stock and the transfer price is determined by FHLB membership rules and not by market participants. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, our FHLB stock totaled $10.6 million and $15.1 million, respectively and is included in “Other investments” on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. FHLB stock is held as a long-term investment and its value is determined based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. First Commonwealth evaluates impairment quarterly and has concluded that the par value of its investment in FHLB stock will be recovered. Accordingly, no impairment charge was recorded on these securities for the year ended December 31, 2020. At both December 31, 2020 and 2019, Other Investments also includes $1.7 million in equity securities. These securities do not have a readily determinable fair value and are carried at cost. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no gains or losses recognized through earnings on equity securities. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates equity securities by reviewing research reports, analysts’ recommendations, credit rating changes, news stories, annual reports, regulatory filings, impact of interest rate changes and other relevant information. Impairment of Investment Securities On January 1, 2020, First Commonwealth adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which requires estimated credit losses on held to maturity securities be recorded as an allowance for credit loss instead of a reduction in the amortized cost of the securities. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, credit related other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities was recognized in earnings while non-credit related other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities not expected to be sold was recognized in OCI. There were no estimated credit losses recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, no other-than-temporary impairment charges were recognized. First Commonwealth utilizes the specific identification method to determine the net gain or loss on debt securities and the average cost method to determine the net gain or loss on equity securities. We review our investment portfolio on a quarterly basis for indications of impairment. For available for sale securities the review includes analyzing the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including any specific events which may influence the operations of the issuer and whether we are more likely than not to sell the security. We evaluate whether we are more likely than not to sell debt securities based upon our investment strategy for the particular type of security and our cash flow needs, liquidity position, capital adequacy, tax position and interest rate risk position. Held-to-maturity securities are evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis using historical probability of default and loss given default information specific to the investment category. If this evaluation determines that credit losses exist an allowance for credit loss is recorded and included in earnings as a component of credit loss expense. The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values at December 31, 2020 for available for sale securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded and held to maturity securities by investment category and time frame for which the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
| (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential | 3,755 |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,755 |  |  | (10) |
Total Securities | $ | 3,755 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,755 |  |  | $ | (10) |
At December 31, 2020, fixed income securities issued by U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises comprised 100% of total unrealized losses. All unrealized losses are a result of changes in market interest rates. At December 31, 2020, there were 2 debt securities in an unrealized loss position, all of which related to residential mortgage-backed securities with an unrealized loss of less than 12 months. There were no equity securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020. The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value at December 31, 2019 for both available for sale and held to maturity securities by investment category and time frame for which the securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
| (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Commercial | $ | 54,501 |  |  | $ | (201) |  |  | $ | 16,365 |  |  | $ | (149) |  |  | $ | 70,866 |  |  | $ | (350) |
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities – Residential | 111,969 |  |  | (436) |  |  | 219,015 |  |  | (2,801) |  |  | 330,984 |  |  | (3,237) |
Total Securities | $ | 166,470 |  |  | $ | (637) |  |  | $ | 235,380 |  |  | $ | (2,950) |  |  | $ | 401,850 |  |  | $ | (3,587) |
As of December 31, 2020, our corporate securities had an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $22.9 million and $24.4 million, respectively, and were comprised of debt for large regional banks. At December 31, 2019, these securities had an amortized cost of $22.9 million and estimated fair value of $24.0 million. When unrealized losses exist, management reviews each of the issuer’s asset quality, earnings trend and capital position, to determine whether the unrealized loss position is a result of credit losses. All interest payments on the corporate securities are being made as contractually required. There was no expected credit related impairment recognized on investment securities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Prior to 2020, investment securities were evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment. During 2018, all of our pooled trust preferred collateralized debt obligations were liquidated either through a successful auction call or sale. Other-than-temporary impairment charges were recognized on the pooled trust preferred securities in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The following table provides a cumulative roll forward of credit losses recognized in earnings for the trust preferred securities for the years ended December 31:
|  |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  | (dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning (a) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,208 |
Credit losses on debt securities for which other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognized |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Additional credit losses on debt securities for which other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Increases in cash flows expected to be collected, recognized over the remaining life of the securities (b) |  |  | — |  |  | (223) |
Reduction for debt securities sold during the period |  |  | — |  |  | (9,164) |
Reduction for debt securities called during the period |  |  | — |  |  | (2,821) |
Balance, ending |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
(a)The beginning balance represents credit related losses included in other-than-temporary impairment charges recognized on debt securities in prior periods. (b)Represents the increase in cash flows recognized either as principal payments or interest income during the period.

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