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Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities FASB ASC Topic 820 requires disclosures for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). All non-financial assets are included either as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition or in the “Other assets” category of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Currently, First Commonwealth does not have any non-financial liabilities to disclose. FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments" ("Topic 825"), permits entities to irrevocably elect to measure select financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The unrealized gains and losses are required to be included in earnings each reporting period for the items that fair value measurement is elected. First Commonwealth has elected not to measure any existing financial instruments at fair value under Topic 825; however, in the future we may elect to adopt this guidance for select financial instruments. In accordance with Topic 820, First Commonwealth groups financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the principal markets in which the assets and liabilities are transacted and the observability of the data points used to determine fair value. These levels are defined in Note 1, "Statement of Accounting Policies." Level 2 investment securities are valued by a recognized third party pricing service using observable inputs. The model used by the pricing service varies by asset class and incorporates available market, trade and bid information as well as cash flow information when applicable. Because many fixed-income investment securities do not trade on a daily basis, the model uses available information such as benchmark yield curves, benchmarking of like investment securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. The model will also use processes such as an option-adjusted spread to assess the impact of interest rates and to develop prepayment estimates. Market inputs normally used in the pricing model include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data including market research publications. Management validates the market values provided by the third party service by having another source price 100% of the securities on a monthly basis, monthly monitoring of variances from prior period pricing and, on a monthly basis, evaluating pricing changes compared to expectations based on changes in the financial markets. Other Investments include FHLB stock whose estimated fair value is based on its par value. Additional information on FHLB stock is provided in Note 8, “Investment Securities.” Loans held for sale include residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary mortgage market. The estimated fair value for these loans was determined on the basis of rates obtained in the respective secondary market. Loans held for sale could also include the Small Business Administration guaranteed portion of small business loans. The estimated fair value of these loans is based on the contract with the third party investor. When loans held for sale include other commercial loans, fair value is determined using an executed trade and market bid obtained from potential buyers. Interest rate derivatives are reported at an estimated fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs and are included in "Other assets" and "Other liabilities" in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. These consist of interest rate swaps where there is no significant deterioration in the counterparties' (loan customers') credit risk since origination of the interest rate swap as well as interest rate caps, interest rate collars and risk participation agreements. First Commonwealth values its interest rate swap and cap positions using a yield curve by taking market prices/rates for an appropriate set of instruments. The set of instruments used to determine the U.S. Dollar yield curve includes SOFR rates from overnight to one year, Eurodollar futures contracts and SOFR swap rates from one year to thirty years. These yield curves determine the valuations of interest rate swaps. Interest rate derivatives are further described in Note 7, “Derivatives.” For purposes of potential valuation adjustments to our derivative positions, First Commonwealth evaluates the credit risk of its counterparties as well as our own credit risk. Accordingly, we have considered factors such as the likelihood of default, expected loss given default, net exposures and remaining contractual life, among other things, in determining if any estimated fair value adjustments related to credit risk are required. We review our counterparty exposure quarterly, and when necessary, appropriate adjustments are made to reflect the exposure. We also utilize this approach to estimate our own credit risk on derivative liability positions. In 2023 and 2022, we have not realized any losses due to a counterparty's inability to pay any net uncollateralized position. Interest rate derivatives also include interest rate forwards entered into to hedge residential mortgage loans held for sale and the related interest-rate lock commitments. This includes forward commitments to sell mortgage loans. The fair value of these derivative financial instruments are based on derivative market data inputs as of the valuation date and the underlying value of mortgage loans for rate lock commitments. In addition, at times the Company hedges foreign currency risk through the use of foreign exchange forward contracts. The fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts is based on the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate. The estimated fair value for other real estate owned included in Level 2 is determined by either an independent market based appraisal less estimated costs to sell or an executed sales agreement. The estimated fair value of the other investments included in Level 3 is based on carrying value as these securities do not have a readily determinable fair value. The estimated fair value of limited partnership investments included in Level 3 is based on par value. For interest rate derivatives included in Level 3, the fair value incorporates credit risk by considering such factors as likelihood of default and expected loss given default based on credit quality of the underlying counterparties (loan customers). In accordance with ASU 2011-4, the following table provides information related to quantitative inputs and assumptions used in Level 3 fair value measurements.
| Fair Value (dollars in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range / (weighted average)
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other Investments | $ | 6,182 |  |  | Carrying Value |  | N/A |  | N/A
Limited Partnership Investments | 27,137 |  |  | Par Value |  | N/A |  | N/A
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other Investments | 1,170 |  |  | Carrying Value |  | N/A |  | N/A
Nonperforming Loans | 363 |  | (a) | Gas Reserve study |  | Discount rate |  | 10.00%
|  |  |  |  | Gas per MMBTU |  | $3.00 - $3.00 (b)
|  |  |  |  | Oil per BBL/d |  | $80.00 - $80.00 (b)
Limited Partnership Investments | 17,691 |  |  | Par Value |  | N/A |  | N/A
(a)the remainder of nonperforming loans valued using Level 3 inputs are not included in this disclosure as the values of those loans are based on bankruptcy agreement documentation. (b)unobservable inputs are defined as follows: MMBTU—one million British thermal units; BBL/d—barrels per day. The discount rate is the significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of nonperforming loans. Significant increases in this rate would result in a decrease in the estimated fair value of the loans, while a decrease in this rate would result in a higher fair value measurement. Other unobservable inputs in the fair value measurement of nonperforming loans relate to gas, oil and natural gas prices. Increases in these prices would result in an increase in the estimated fair value of the loans, while a decrease in these prices would result in a lower fair value measurement. The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31:
| 2023
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities—Residential | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,465 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,465 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities—Commercial | — |  |  | 465,393 |  |  | — |  |  | 465,393 |
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities—Residential | — |  |  | 494,599 |  |  | — |  |  | 494,599 |
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises | — |  |  | 915 |  |  | — |  |  | 915 |
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions | — |  |  | 8,202 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,202 |
Corporate Securities | — |  |  | 48,412 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,412 |
Total Securities Available for Sale | — |  |  | 1,020,986 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,020,986 |
Other Investments | — |  |  | 44,689 |  |  | 6,182 |  |  | 50,871 |
Loans Held for Sale | — |  |  | 29,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,820 |
Other Assets (a) | — |  |  | 32,668 |  |  | 27,137 |  |  | 59,805 |
Total Assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,128,163 |  |  | $ | 33,319 |  |  | $ | 1,161,482 |
Other Liabilities (a) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,167 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,167 |
Total Liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,167 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,167 |
(a)Hedging and non-hedging interest rate derivatives and limited partnership investments
| 2022
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities—Residential | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,983 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,983 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities—Commercial | — |  |  | 271,416 |  |  | — |  |  | 271,416 |
Obligations of U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-Backed Securities—Residential | — |  |  | 448,989 |  |  | — |  |  | 448,989 |
Other Government-Sponsored Enterprises | — |  |  | 882 |  |  | — |  |  | 882 |
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions | — |  |  | 8,187 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,187 |
Corporate Securities | — |  |  | 29,204 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,204 |
Total Securities Available for Sale | — |  |  | 762,661 |  |  | — |  |  | 762,661 |
Other Investments | — |  |  | 25,244 |  |  | 1,170 |  |  | 26,414 |
Loans Held for Sale | — |  |  | 11,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,869 |
Other Assets (a) | — |  |  | 50,738 |  |  | 17,691 |  |  | 68,429 |
Total Assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 850,512 |  |  | $ | 18,861 |  |  | $ | 869,373 |
Other Liabilities (a) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,298 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,298 |
Total Liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,298 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,298 |
(a)Hedging and non-hedging interest rate derivatives and limited partnership investments The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows for the year ended December 31, 2023:
|  |  | Other Investments |  |  |  | Other Assets |  | Total
|  |  | (dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of year |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,691 |  |  | $ | 18,861 |
Total gains or losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Included in other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  |  | 10,055 |  |  | 15,055 |
Issuances |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sales |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (669) |  |  | (669) |
Transfers from Level 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transfers into Level 3 |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  | 69 |
Balance, end of year |  |  | $ | 6,182 |  |  |  |  | $ | 27,137 |  |  | $ | 33,319 |
There are no gains or losses included in earnings for the period that are attributable to the change in realized gains (losses) relating to assets held at December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no transfers between fair value Levels 1, 2 or 3. The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows for the year ended December 31, 2022:
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Other Investments |  |  |  | Other Assets |  | Total
|  |  |  |  |  |  | (dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of year |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,981 |  |  | $ | 16,151 |
Total gains or losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Included in other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,991 |  |  | 2,991 |
Issuances |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (281) |  |  | (281) |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transfers from Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transfers into Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, end of year |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,691 |  |  | $ | 18,861 |
There are no gains or losses included in earnings for the period that are attributable to the change in realized gains (losses) relating to assets held at December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no transfers between fair value Levels 1, 2 or 3. The tables below present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31 and total gains and losses realized on these assets during the year ended December 31:
| 2023
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Total Gains (Losses)
| (dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,215 |  |  | $ | 9,708 |  |  | $ | 34,923 |  |  | $ | (6,606) |
Other real estate owned | — |  |  | 609 |  |  | — |  |  | 609 |  |  | (6) |
Total Assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,824 |  |  | $ | 9,708 |  |  | $ | 35,532 |  |  | $ | (6,612) |
| 2022
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Total Gains (Losses)
| (dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,140 |  |  | $ | 11,636 |  |  | $ | 34,776 |  |  | $ | (2,127) |
Other real estate owned | — |  |  | 553 |  |  | — |  |  | 553 |  |  | — |
Total Assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,693 |  |  | $ | 11,636 |  |  | $ | 35,329 |  |  | $ | (2,127) |
Nonperforming loans over $250 thousand are individually reviewed to determine the amount of each loan considered to be at risk of noncollection. The fair value for nonperforming loans that are collateral based is determined by reviewing real property appraisals, equipment valuations, accounts receivable listings and other financial information. A discounted cash flow analysis is performed to determine fair value for nonperforming loans when an observable market price or a current appraisal is not available. For real estate secured loans, First Commonwealth’s loan policy requires updated appraisals be obtained at least every twelve months on all nonperforming loans with balances of $250 thousand and over. For real estate secured loans with balances under $250 thousand, we rely on broker price opinions. For non-real estate secured assets, the Company normally relies on third party valuations specific to the collateral type. The fair value of other real estate owned, determined by either an independent market based appraisal less estimated costs to sell or an executed sales agreement, is classified as Level 2. The fair value for other real estate owned determined using an internal valuation is classified as Level 3. Other real estate owned had a current carrying value of $0.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and consisted primarily of residential properties in Pennsylvania and Ohio. We review whether events and circumstances subsequent to a transfer to other real estate owned have occurred that indicate the balance of those assets may not be recoverable. If events and circumstances indicate further impairment, we will record a charge to the extent that the carrying value of the assets exceed their fair values, less estimated costs to sell, as determined by valuation techniques appropriate in the circumstances. Certain other assets and liabilities, including goodwill, core deposit intangibles and customer list intangibles are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. Additional information related to this measurement is provided in Note 12 “Goodwill and Other Amortizing Intangible Assets.” There were no other assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during 2023. FASB ASC Topic 825-10, “Transition Related to FSP FAS 107-1” and APB 28-1, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis are as discussed above. The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities are provided below. Cash and due from banks and interest bearing bank deposits: The carrying amounts for cash and due from banks and interest-bearing bank deposits approximate the estimated fair values of such assets. Securities: Fair values for available for sale and held to maturity securities are based on quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments. The carrying value of other investments, which includes FHLB stock, is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value. Loans held for sale: The estimated fair value of loans held for sale is based on market bids obtained from potential buyers. Loans: The fair values of all loans are estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using interest rates currently offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality adjusted for past due and nonperforming loans. Off-balance sheet instruments: Many of First Commonwealth’s off-balance sheet instruments, primarily loan commitments and standby letters of credit, are expected to expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. FASB ASC Topic 460, “Guarantees,” clarified that a guarantor is required to recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The carrying amount and estimated fair value for standby letters of credit was $0.1 million at both December 31, 2023 and 2022. See Note 10, “Commitments and Letters of Credit,” for additional information. Deposit liabilities: The estimated fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date because of the customers' ability to withdraw funds immediately. The fair value of fixed rate time deposits are estimated by discounting the future cash flows using interest rates currently being offered and a schedule of aggregated expected maturities. Short-term borrowings: The fair values of borrowings from the FHLB were estimated based on the estimated incremental borrowing rate for similar types of borrowings. The carrying amounts of other short-term borrowings, such as federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreement to repurchase, were used to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the borrowings. Subordinated debt and long-term debt: The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using First Commonwealth’s estimate of the current market rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The following table presents carrying amounts and estimated fair values of First Commonwealth’s financial instruments at December 31:
| 2023
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
| Carrying Amount |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
| (dollars in thousands)
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 125,436 |  |  | $ | 125,436 |  |  | $ | 125,436 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits | 21,557 |  |  | 21,557 |  |  | 21,557 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Securities available for sale | 1,020,986 |  |  | 1,020,986 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,020,986 |  |  | — |
Securities held to maturity | 419,009 |  |  | 350,595 |  |  | — |  |  | 350,595 |  |  | — |
Other investments | 50,871 |  |  | 50,871 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,689 |  |  | 6,182 |
Loans held for sale | 29,820 |  |  | 29,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,820 |  |  | — |
Loans and leases | 8,968,761 |  |  | 8,860,736 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,215 |  |  | 8,835,521 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 9,192,309 |  |  | 9,187,655 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,187,655 |  |  | — |
Short-term borrowings | 597,835 |  |  | 594,670 |  |  | — |  |  | 594,670 |  |  | — |
Long-term debt | 4,122 |  |  | 4,041 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,041 |  |  | — |
Subordinated debt | 177,741 |  |  | 151,525 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 151,525 |
Capital lease obligation | 4,894 |  |  | 4,894 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,894 |  |  | — |
| 2022
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
| Carrying Amount |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
| (dollars in thousands)
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 124,254 |  |  | $ | 124,254 |  |  | $ | 124,254 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits | 29,990 |  |  | 29,990 |  |  | 29,990 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Securities available for sale | 762,661 |  |  | 762,661 |  |  | — |  |  | 762,661 |  |  | — |
Securities held to maturity | 461,162 |  |  | 386,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 386,205 |  |  | — |
Other investments | 26,414 |  |  | 26,414 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,244 |  |  | 1,170 |
Loans held for sale | 11,869 |  |  | 11,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,869 |  |  | — |
Loans and leases | 7,642,143 |  |  | 7,639,721 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,140 |  |  | 7,616,581 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 8,005,469 |  |  | 7,992,012 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,992,012 |  |  | — |
Short-term borrowings | 372,694 |  |  | 363,135 |  |  | — |  |  | 363,135 |  |  | — |
Long-term debt | 4,862 |  |  | 4,781 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,781 |  |  | — |
Subordinated debt | 170,937 |  |  | 156,621 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 156,621 |
Capital lease obligation | 5,425 |  |  | 5,425 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,425 |  |  | — |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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