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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans and leases are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition net of deferred loan fees and costs, and discounts related to purchased loans. Net deferred costs were $8.2 million and $5.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and discounts on purchased loans were $25.7 million and $5.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table provides outstanding balances related to each of our loan types as of December 31:

			2023																		2022
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	1,543,349																	$	1,211,706
Time and demand			1,187,300																		1,023,824
Commercial credit cards			12,906																		13,920
Equipment finance			232,944																		79,674
Time and demand other			110,199																		94,288
Real estate construction			597,735																		513,101
Construction other			541,633																		395,439
Construction residential			56,102																		117,662
Residential real estate			2,416,876																		2,194,669
Residential first lien			1,739,107																		1,547,192
Residential junior lien/home equity			677,769																		647,477
Commercial real estate			3,053,152																		2,425,012
Multifamily			551,142																		431,151
Non-owner occupied			1,772,785																		1,510,347
Owner occupied			729,225																		483,514
Loans to individuals			1,357,649																		1,297,655
Automobile and recreational vehicles			1,277,969																		1,210,451
Consumer credit cards			10,291																		10,657
Consumer other			69,389																		76,547
Total loans and leases			$	8,968,761																	$	7,642,143

First Commonwealth’s loan portfolio includes five primary loan categories. When calculating the allowance for credit losses these categories are classified into fourteen portfolio segments. The composition of loans by portfolio segment includes;

Commercial, financial, agricultural and other

Time & Demand - Consists primarily of commercial and industrial loans. This category consists of loans that are typically cash flow dependent and therefore have different risk and loss characteristics than other commercial loans. Loans in this category include revolving and term structures with fixed and variable interest rates. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, this category includes $0.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, in Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans for small businesses. Because PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, there is no allowance for credit losses recognized for these loans.

Commercial Credit Cards - Consists of unsecured credit cards for commercial customers. These commercial credit cards have separate characteristics outside of normal commercial non-real estate loans, as they tend to have shorter overall duration. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.

Equipment Finance - Consists of loans and leases to finance the purchase of equipment for commercial customers. The risk and loss characteristics are unique for this group due to the type of collateral. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.

Time & Demand Other - Consists primarily of loans to state and political subdivisions and other commercial loans that have different characteristics than loans in the Time and Demand category. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of household debt to income and economic conditions measured by GDP.

Real estate construction

Construction Other - Consists of construction loans to commercial builders and developers and are secured by the properties under development.

Construction Residential - Consists of loans to finance the construction of residential properties during the construction period. Borrowers are typically individuals who will occupy the completed single family property.

The risk and loss characteristics of these two construction categories are different than other real estate secured categories due to the collateral being at various stages of completion. The nature of the project and type of borrower of the two construction categories provides for unique risk and loss characteristics for each category. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for construction loans include forecasts of national unemployment and measures of completed construction projects.

Residential real estate

Residential first lien - Consists of loans with collateral of 1-4 family residencies with a senior lien position. The risk and loss characteristics are unique for this group because the collateral for these loans are the borrower’s primary residence. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and residential property values.

Residential Junior Lien/Home Equity - Consists of loans with collateral of 1-4 family residencies with an open end line of credit or junior lien position. The junior lien position for the majority of these loans provides a higher risk of loss than other residential real estate loans. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and residential property values.

Commercial real estate

Multifamily - Consists of loans secured by commercial multifamily properties. Real estate related to rentals to consumers provide unique risk and loss characteristics. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of commercial real estate values and national unemployment.

Non-owner Occupied - Consists of loans secured by commercial real estate non-owner occupied and provides different loss characteristics than other real estate categories. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.

Owner Occupied - Consists of loans secured by commercial real estate owner occupied properties. The risk and loss characteristics of this category were considered different than other real estate categories because it is owner occupied and would impact the ability to conduct business. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of national unemployment and economic conditions measured by GDP.

Loans to individuals

Automobile and recreational vehicles - Consists of both direct and indirect loans with automobiles and recreational vehicles held as collateral. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of consumer sentiment and automobile retention value.

Consumer Credit Cards – Consists of unsecured consumer credit cards The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of consumer sentiment and economic conditions measured by GDP.

Other Consumer - Consists of lines of credit, student loans and other consumer loans, not secured by real estate or autos. The primary macroeconomic drivers for estimating credit losses for this category include forecasts of consumer sentiment and retail sales.

The allowance for credit losses is calculated by pooling loans of similar credit risk characteristics and applying a discounted cash flow methodology after incorporating probability of default and loss given default estimates. Probability of default represents an estimate of the likelihood of default and loss given default measures the expected loss upon default. Inputs impacting the expected losses include a forecast of macroeconomic factors, using a weighted forecast from a nationally recognized firm. Our model incorporates a one-year forecast of macroeconomic factors, after which the factors revert back to the historical mean over a one-year period. The most significant macroeconomic factor used in estimating credit losses is the national unemployment rate. The forecasted value for national unemployment at the beginning of the forecast period was 3.79% and during the one-year forecast period it was projected to average 4.55%, with a peak of 4.82%.

Credit Quality Information

As part of the on-going monitoring of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the following credit worthiness categories are used in grading our commercial loans:

Pass						Acceptable levels of risk exist in the relationship. Includes all loans not classified as OAEM, substandard or doubtful.
Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM)						Potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. The potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or weaken the Bank’s credit position at some future date. The credit risk may be relatively minor, yet constitute an undesirable risk in light of the circumstances surrounding the specific credit. No loss of principal or interest is expected.
Substandard						Well-defined weakness or a weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt. A loan may be classified as substandard as a result of deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition and repayment capacity. Loans for which repayment plans have not been met or collateral equity margins do not protect the Company may also be classified as substandard.
Doubtful						Loans with the characteristics of substandard loans with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of presently existing facts and conditions, is highly improbable.

The Company’s internal creditworthiness grading system provides a measurement of credit risk based primarily on an evaluation of the borrower’s cash flow and collateral. Category ratings are reviewed each quarter, at which time management analyzes the results, as well as other external statistics and factors related to loan performance.

The following tables represent our credit risk profile by creditworthiness category for the years ended December 31:

			2023
									Non-Pass
			Pass						OAEM						Substandard						Doubtful						Loss						Total Non-Pass						Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	1,453,970					$	58,325					$	31,054					$	—					$	—					$	89,379					$	1,543,349
Time and demand			1,098,763						58,325						30,212						—						—						88,537						1,187,300
Commercial credit cards			12,906						—						—						—						—						—						12,906
Equipment finance			232,102						—						842						—						—						842						232,944
Time and demand other			110,199						—						—						—						—						—						110,199
Real estate construction			585,543						—						12,192						—						—						12,192						597,735
Construction other			529,441						—						12,192						—						—						12,192						541,633
Construction residential			56,102						—						—						—						—						—						56,102
Residential real estate			2,405,240						2,768						8,868						—						—						11,636						2,416,876
Residential first lien			1,732,006						2,415						4,686						—						—						7,101						1,739,107
Residential junior lien/home equity			673,234						353						4,182						—						—						4,535						677,769
Commercial real estate			2,956,338						62,038						34,776						—						—						96,814						3,053,152
Multifamily			538,939						12,117						86						—						—						12,203						551,142
Non-owner occupied			1,722,315						31,652						18,818						—						—						50,470						1,772,785
Owner occupied			695,084						18,269						15,872						—						—						34,141						729,225
Loans to individuals			1,357,483						—						166						—						—						166						1,357,649
Automobile and recreational vehicles			1,277,805						—						164						—						—						164						1,277,969
Consumer credit cards			10,291						—						—						—						—						—						10,291
Consumer other			69,387						—						2						—						—						2						69,389
Total			$	8,758,574					$	123,131					$	87,056					$	—					$	—					$	210,187					$	8,968,761

			2022
									Non-Pass
			Pass						OAEM						Substandard						Doubtful						Loss						Total Non-Pass						Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	1,164,193					$	35,389					$	12,124					$	—					$	—					$	47,513					$	1,211,706
Time and demand			976,346						35,389						12,089						—						—						47,478						1,023,824
Commercial credit cards			13,920						—						—						—						—						—						13,920
Equipment finance			79,674						—						—						—						—						—						79,674
Time and demand other			94,253						—						35						—						—						35						94,288
Real estate construction			513,101						—						—						—						—						—						513,101
Construction other			395,439						—						—						—						—						—						395,439
Construction residential			117,662						—						—						—						—						—						117,662
Residential real estate			2,187,780						736						6,153						—						—						6,889						2,194,669
Residential first lien			1,542,854						675						3,663						—						—						4,338						1,547,192
Residential junior lien/home equity			644,926						61						2,490						—						—						2,551						647,477
Commercial real estate			2,347,000						52,291						25,721						—						—						78,012						2,425,012
Multifamily			430,613						488						50						—						—						538						431,151
Non-owner occupied			1,439,478						49,037						21,832						—						—						70,869						1,510,347
Owner occupied			476,909						2,766						3,839						—						—						6,605						483,514
Loans to individuals			1,297,206						—						449						—						—						449						1,297,655
Automobile and recreational vehicles			1,210,090						—						361						—						—						361						1,210,451
Consumer credit cards			10,657						—						—						—						—						—						10,657
Consumer other			76,459						—						88						—						—						88						76,547
Total			$	7,509,280					$	88,416					$	44,447					$	—					$	—					$	132,863					$	7,642,143

The following table summarizes the loan risk rating category by loan type including term loans on an amortized cost basis by origination year as of December 31:

			2023
			Term Loans																																				Revolving Loans
			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior												Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand			$	170,285					$	178,568					$	111,288					$	73,487					$	42,502					$	65,419					$	545,751					$	1,187,300
Pass			166,716						174,699						100,779						71,125						29,812						57,660						497,972						1,098,763
OAEM			1,707						3,129						2,948						1,530						10,873						2,553						35,585						58,325
Substandard			1,862						740						7,561						832						1,817						5,206						12,194						30,212
Gross Charge-offs			(582)						(4,572)						(18)						(2,195)						(2,364)						(1,283)						(5,133)						(16,147)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						119						4						128						9						260
Commercial credit cards			—						—						—						—						—						—						12,906						12,906
Pass			—						—						—						—						—						—						12,906						12,906
Gross Charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						—						(105)						(105)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						—						13						13
Equipment finance			170,630						62,314						—						—						—						—						—						232,944
Pass			170,302						61,800						—						—						—						—						—						232,102
Substandard			328						514						—						—						—						—						—						842
Gross Charge-offs			(104)						(433)						—						—						—						—						—						(537)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—

			2023
			Term Loans																																				Revolving Loans
			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior												Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand other			9,965						6,022						17,860						19,352						3,025						46,466						7,509						110,199
Pass			9,965						6,022						17,860						19,352						3,025						46,466						7,509						110,199
Gross Charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						—						(2,410)						(2,410)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						—						225						225
Construction other			94,150						217,565						154,873						44,428						5,379						24,541						697						541,633
Pass			94,150						214,277						153,195						44,428						5,379						17,315						697						529,441
Substandard			—						3,288						1,678						—						—						7,226						—						12,192
Gross Charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Construction residential			27,487						19,322						2,284						3,194						3,337						—						478						56,102
Pass			27,487						19,322						2,284						3,194						3,337						—						478						56,102
Gross Charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Residential first lien			120,053						385,917						527,057						320,107						97,529						286,503						1,941						1,739,107
Pass			119,903						385,269						524,841						319,762						96,702						283,665						1,864						1,732,006
OAEM			—						80						1,527						—						—						731						77						2,415
Substandard			150						568						689						345						827						2,107						—						4,686
Gross Charge-offs			—						(98)						—						(31)						(1)						(116)						—						(246)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						177						—						177
Residential junior lien/home equity			62,098						70,171						44,359						2,487						2,305						4,949						491,400						677,769
Pass			62,098						70,171						44,359						2,487						2,305						4,672						487,142						673,234
OAEM			—						—						—						—						—						208						145						353
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						69						4,113						4,182
Gross Charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						—						(315)						(315)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						—						70						70
Multifamily			6,839						156,393						155,067						94,284						44,121						92,585						1,853						551,142
Pass			6,839						144,728						155,067						94,284						44,121						92,047						1,853						538,939
OAEM			—						11,665						—						—						—						452						—						12,117
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						86						—						86
Gross Charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Non-owner occupied			184,562						423,543						159,593						148,716						221,551						621,678						13,142						1,772,785
Pass			181,578						415,577						159,593						148,716						211,019						592,755						13,077						1,722,315
OAEM			—						7,546						—						—						7,313						16,793						—						31,652
Substandard			2,984						420						—						—						3,219						12,130						65						18,818
Gross Charge-offs			—						(232)						—						—						—						(4,473)						—						(4,705)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						127						—						127
Owner occupied			106,831						163,830						153,996						80,522						59,357						152,728						11,961						729,225
Pass			106,583						161,071						149,788						75,267						42,745						147,809						11,821						695,084
OAEM			112						785						3,950						4,000						5,363						4,026						33						18,269
Substandard			136						1,974						258						1,255						11,249						893						107						15,872
Gross Charge-offs			—						—						(32)						—						—						(1,540)						—						(1,572)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						24						—						24

			2023
			Term Loans																																				Revolving Loans
			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior												Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Automobile and recreational vehicles			427,112						459,836						234,144						115,364						35,402						6,111						—						1,277,969
Pass			427,112						459,835						234,085						115,354						35,345						6,074						—						1,277,805
Substandard			—						1						59						10						57						37						—						164
Gross Charge-offs			(487)						(2,232)						(1,258)						(972)						(527)						(111)						—						(5,587)
Gross Recoveries			71						479						419						367						347						149						—						1,832
Consumer credit cards			—						—						—						—						—						—						10,291						10,291
Pass			—						—						—						—						—						—						10,291						10,291
Gross Charge-offs			—						—						—						—						—						—						(290)						(290)
Gross Recoveries			—						—						—						—						—						—						87						87
Consumer other			6,893						4,224						13,277						1,411						1,090						3,440						39,054						69,389
Pass			6,893						4,224						13,277						1,411						1,090						3,440						39,052						69,387
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						—						2						2
Gross Charge-offs			(21)						(50)						(130)						(31)						(157)						(23)						(941)						(1,353)
Gross Recoveries			—						1						4						9						35						66						185						300
Total			$	1,386,905					$	2,147,705					$	1,573,798					$	903,352					$	515,598					$	1,304,420					$	1,136,983					$	8,968,761
Total charge-offs			$	(1,194)					$	(7,617)					$	(1,438)					$	(3,229)					$	(3,049)					$	(7,546)					$	(9,194)					$	(33,267)
Total recoveries			$	71					$	480					$	423					$	495					$	386					$	671					$	589					$	3,115

			2022
			Term Loans																																				Revolving Loans
			2022						2021						2020						2019						2018						Prior												Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Time and demand			$	180,134					$	165,064					$	66,006					$	88,959					$	57,030					$	57,907					$	408,724					$	1,023,824
Pass			180,134						154,542						56,592						79,935						56,718						56,309						392,116						976,346
OAEM			—						10,489						8,387						1,846						250						895						13,522						35,389
Substandard			—						33						1,027						7,178						62						703						3,086						12,089
Commercial credit cards			—						—						—						—						—						—						13,920						13,920
Pass			—						—						—						—						—						—						13,920						13,920
Equipment finance			79,674						—						—						—						—						—						—						79,674
Pass			79,674						—						—						—						—						—						—						79,674
Time and demand other			7,172						20,281						19,626						3,823						2,885						36,197						4,304						94,288
Pass			7,172						20,281						19,626						3,823						2,885						36,162						4,304						94,253
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						35						—						35
Construction other			81,870						179,919						85,264						23,001						24,005						1,011						369						395,439
Pass			81,870						179,919						85,264						23,001						24,005						1,011						369						395,439
Construction residential			82,829						34,783						—						31						18						—						1						117,662
Pass			82,829						34,783						—						31						18						—						1						117,662
Residential first lien			272,136						507,573						337,995						102,870						69,890						255,573						1,155						1,547,192
Pass			272,136						507,042						337,979						102,097						69,212						253,310						1,078						1,542,854
OAEM			—						164						—						133						51						250						77						675
Substandard			—						367						16						640						627						2,013						—						3,663
Residential junior lien/home equity			77,016						49,273						1,499						2,584						1,683						4,396						511,026						647,477
Pass			77,016						49,273						1,499						2,517						1,683						4,263						508,675						644,926
OAEM			—						—						—						—						—						51						10						61
Substandard			—						—						—						67						—						82						2,341						2,490
Multifamily			140,004						90,868						60,699						39,848						19,914						78,483						1,335						431,151
Pass			140,004						90,868						60,699						39,848						19,914						77,945						1,335						430,613
OAEM			—						—						—						—						—						488						—						488
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						50						—						50
Non-owner occupied			298,751						153,918						115,947						214,068						141,814						581,060						4,789						1,510,347
Pass			298,751						153,918						115,947						212,588						113,638						541,007						3,629						1,439,478
OAEM			—						—						—						1,480						20,349						26,207						1,001						49,037
Substandard			—						—						—						—						7,827						13,846						159						21,832
Owner occupied			113,010						105,513						56,977						44,430						26,456						131,432						5,696						483,514
Pass			113,010						105,309						55,468						43,014						26,294						128,230						5,584						476,909
OAEM			—						182						745						791						92						923						33						2,766
Substandard			—						22						764						625						70						2,279						79						3,839
Automobile and recreational vehicles			613,513						330,298						172,530						68,996						20,589						4,525						—						1,210,451
Pass			613,513						330,252						172,435						68,865						20,524						4,501						—						1,210,090
Substandard			—						46						95						131						65						24						—						361
Consumer credit cards			—						—						—						—						—						—						10,657						10,657
Pass			—						—						—						—						—						—						10,657						10,657
Consumer other			6,561						17,177						2,489						3,798						1,656						4,085						40,781						76,547
Pass			6,561						17,177						2,489						3,775						1,652						4,085						40,720						76,459
Substandard			—						—						—						23						4						—						61						88
Total			$	1,952,670					$	1,654,667					$	919,032					$	592,408					$	365,940					$	1,154,669					$	1,002,757					$	7,642,143

Portfolio Risks

The credit quality of our loan portfolio can potentially represent significant risk to our earnings, capital and liquidity. First Commonwealth devotes substantial resources to managing this risk primarily through our credit administration department that develops and administers policies and procedures for underwriting, maintaining, monitoring and collecting loans. Credit administration is independent of lending departments and oversight is provided by the Credit Committee of the First Commonwealth Board of Directors.

Total gross charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $33.3 million and $9.8 million, respectively.

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans by Segment

The following tables delineate the aging analysis of the recorded investments in past due loans as of December 31. Also included in these tables are loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing because they are well-secured and in the process of collection.

			2023
			30 - 59 days past due						60 - 89 days past due						90 days and greater and still accruing						Nonaccrual						Total past due and nonaccrual						Current						Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	1,206					$	745					$	4,187					$	10,060					$	16,198					$	1,527,151					$	1,543,349
Time and demand			565						691						4,187						9,218						14,661						1,172,639						1,187,300
Commercial credit cards			7						54						—						—						61						12,845						12,906
Equipment finance			600						—						—						842						1,442						231,502						232,944
Time and demand other			34						—						—						—						34						110,165						110,199
Real estate construction			—						—						—						3,288						3,288						594,447						597,735
Construction other			—						—						—						3,288						3,288						538,345						541,633
Construction residential			—						—						—						—						—						56,102						56,102
Residential real estate			6,982						1,535						1,062						8,573						18,152						2,398,724						2,416,876
Residential first lien			4,130						940						171						4,443						9,684						1,729,423						1,739,107
Residential junior lien/home equity			2,852						595						891						4,130						8,468						669,301						677,769
Commercial real estate			4,157						—						3,509						17,385						25,051						3,028,101						3,053,152
Multifamily			—						—						—						55						55						551,087						551,142
Non-owner occupied			2,303						—						3,509						14,282						20,094						1,752,691						1,772,785
Owner occupied			1,854						—						—						3,048						4,902						724,323						729,225
Loans to individuals			4,613						878						678						166						6,335						1,351,314						1,357,649
Automobile and recreational vehicles			4,115						612						151						164						5,042						1,272,927						1,277,969
Consumer credit cards			39						71						—						—						110						10,181						10,291
Consumer other			459						195						527						2						1,183						68,206						69,389
Total			$	16,958					$	3,158					$	9,436					$	39,472					$	69,024					$	8,899,737					$	8,968,761

			2022
			30 - 59 days past due						60 - 89 days past due						90 days and greater and still accruing						Nonaccrual						Total past due and nonaccrual						Current						Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	1,233					$	279					$	355					$	2,374					$	4,241					$	1,207,465					$	1,211,706
Time and demand			1,121						270						352						2,374						4,117						1,019,707						1,023,824
Commercial credit cards			27						9						—						—						36						13,884						13,920
Equipment finance			—						—						—						—						—						79,674						79,674
Time and demand other			85						—						3						—						88						94,200						94,288
Real estate construction			502						—						—						—						502						512,599						513,101
Construction other			—						—						—						—						—						395,439						395,439
Construction residential			502						—						—						—						502						117,160						117,662
Residential real estate			3,023						1,178						811						5,683						10,695						2,183,974						2,194,669
Residential first lien			1,547						771						214						3,369						5,901						1,541,291						1,547,192
Residential junior lien/home equity			1,476						407						597						2,314						4,794						642,683						647,477
Commercial real estate			7,870						25						93						20,539						28,527						2,396,485						2,425,012
Multifamily			202						—						—						—						202						430,949						431,151
Non-owner occupied			7,547						—						92						19,575						27,214						1,483,133						1,510,347
Owner occupied			121						25						1						964						1,111						482,403						483,514
Loans to individuals			3,268						571						732						449						5,020						1,292,635						1,297,655
Automobile and recreational vehicles			2,694						368						295						361						3,718						1,206,733						1,210,451
Consumer credit cards			53						29						5						—						87						10,570						10,657
Consumer other			521						174						432						88						1,215						75,332						76,547
Total			$	15,896					$	2,053					$	1,991					$	29,045					$	48,985					$	7,593,158					$	7,642,143

Nonaccrual Loans

The previous tables summarize nonaccrual loans by loan segment. The Company generally places loans on nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, when part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred, or the loans reach a certain number of days past due. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status, except for consumer loans which are placed in nonaccrual status at 150 days past due.

When a loan is placed on nonaccrual, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and all future payments received are applied as a reduction to the loan principal. Generally, the loan is returned to accrual status when (a) all delinquent interest and principal become current under the terms of the loan agreement or (b) the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection and collectability is no longer in doubt.

Nonperforming Loans

Management considers loans to be nonperforming when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract, including scheduled interest payments. When management identifies a loan as nonperforming, the credit loss is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole source or repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of collateral. When the loan is collateral dependent, the appraised value less estimated cost to sell is utilized. If management determines the value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, a credit loss is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance for credit losses.

When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a nonperforming loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal, under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a nonperforming loan is not in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method.

There were no nonperforming loans held for sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022. There were no gains on nonperforming loans held for sale during both of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. There was $0.4 million in gains on sale of nonperforming loans recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021.

The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balance for nonperforming loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Also presented are the average recorded investment in nonperforming loans and the related amount of interest recognized while the loan was considered nonperforming. Average balances are calculated based on month-end balances of the loans for the period reported and are included in the table below based on its period end allowance position. The increase in nonperforming loans is primarily a result of $14.5 million in loans acquired from Centric, offset by the removal of $6.4 million in accruing TDR's. The TDR's were eliminated as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022-02.

			2023
			Recorded investment						Unpaid principal balance						Related specific allowance						Average recorded investment						Interest Income Recognized
			(dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	4,369					$	18,014											$	7,895					$	143
Time and demand			3,527						17,172												7,569						143
Equipment finance			842						842												326						—
Time and demand other			—						—												—						—
Real estate construction			3,288						3,288												1,096						—
Construction other			3,288						3,288												1,096						—
Construction residential			—						—												—						—
Residential real estate			7,042						8,763												6,440						136
Residential first lien			4,161						5,151												3,760						129
Residential junior lien/home equity			2,881						3,612												2,680						7
Commercial real estate			12,402						18,219												20,715						260
Multifamily			55						58												37						—
Non-owner occupied			10,971						17,092												18,454						122
Owner occupied			1,376						1,069												2,224						138
Loans to individuals			166						259												365						7
Automobile and recreational vehicles			164						257												299						7
Consumer other			2						2												66						—
Subtotal			27,267						48,543												36,511						546
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			5,691						6,787						$	4,044					6,574						(16)
Time and demand			5,691						6,787						4,044						6,574						(16)
Equipment finance			—						—						—						—						—
Time and demand other			—						—						—						—						—
Real estate construction			—						—						—						—						—
Construction other			—						—						—						—						—
Construction residential			—						—						—						—						—
Residential real estate			1,531						1,697						118						1,183						—
Residential first lien			282						279						39						47						—
Residential junior lien/home equity			1,249						1,418						79						1,136						—
Commercial real estate			4,983						5,294						387						655						—
Multifamily			—						—						—						—						—
Non-owner occupied			3,311						3,550						174						397						—
Owner occupied			1,672						1,744						213						258						—
Loans to individuals			—						—						—						—						—
Automobile and recreational vehicles			—						—						—						—						—
Consumer other			—						—						—						—						—
Subtotal			12,205						13,778						4,549						8,412						(16)
Total			$	39,472					$	62,321					$	4,549					$	44,923					$	530

			2022
			Recorded investment						Unpaid principal balance						Related specific allowance						Average recorded investment						Interest Income Recognized
			(dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	3,141					$	9,555											$	3,751					$	157
Time and demand			3,141						9,555												3,751						157
Equipment finance			—						—												—						—
Time and demand other			—						—												—						—
Real estate construction			—						—												—						—
Construction other			—						—												—						—
Construction residential			—						—												—						—
Residential real estate			9,145						11,010												9,040						241
Residential first lien			5,754						6,848												5,280						172
Residential junior lien/home equity			3,391						4,162												3,760						69
Commercial real estate			21,505						24,119												22,983						172
Multifamily			—						—												172						43
Non-owner occupied			20,155						22,565												21,304						104
Owner occupied			1,350						1,554												1,507						25
Loans to individuals			528						563												455						16
Automobile and recreational vehicles			440						475												378						16
Consumer other			88						88												77						—
Subtotal			34,319						45,247												36,229						586
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			1,168						1,186						$	711					261						8
Time and demand			1,168						1,186						711						261						8
Equipment finance			—						—						—						—						—
Time and demand other			—						—						—						—						—
Real estate construction			—						—						—						—						—
Construction other			—						—						—						—						—
Construction residential			—						—						—						—						—
Residential real estate			—						—						—						—						—
Residential first lien			—						—						—						—						—
Residential junior lien/home equity			—						—						—						—						—
Commercial real estate			—						—						—						—						—
Multifamily			—						—						—						—						—
Non-owner occupied			—						—						—						—						—
Owner occupied			—						—						—						—						—
Loans to individuals			—						—						—						—						—
Automobile and recreational vehicles			—						—						—						—						—
Consumer other			—						—						—						—						—
Subtotal			1,168						1,186						711						261						8
Total			$	35,487					$	46,433					$	711					$	36,490					$	594

			2021
			Average recorded investment						Interest Income Recognized
			(dollars in thousands)
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	9,240					$	389
Time and demand			9,240						389
Real estate construction			53						—
Residential real estate			10,315						375
Residential first lien			5,674						279
Residential junior lien/home equity			4,641						96
Commercial real estate			26,235						119
Multifamily			1,223						—
Non-owner occupied			22,668						28
Owner occupied			2,344						91
Loans to individuals			479						15
Automobile and recreational vehicles			425						15
Consumer other			54						—
Subtotal			46,322						898
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			84						—
Time and demand			84						—
Real estate construction			—						—
Residential real estate			—						—
Residential first lien			—						—
Residential junior lien/home equity			—						—
Commercial real estate			665						—
Multifamily			444						—
Non-owner occupied			—						—
Owner occupied			221						—
Loans to individuals			—						—
Automobile and recreational vehicles			—						—
Consumer other			—						—
Subtotal			749						—
Total			$	47,071					$	898

Unfunded commitments related to nonperforming loans were $0.1 million and $0.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. After consideration of the requirements to draw and available collateral related to these commitments, it was determined that no reserve was required for these commitments at December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. Disclosures for years prior to adoption continue to reflect TDR's as nonperforming loans and include TDR disclosures required under the previous guidance. Upon adoption of this guidance, the Company no longer establishes a specific reserve for modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Instead, these modifications are included in their respective loan segment and an allowance is determined by a loss given default and probability of default methodology.

Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, other-than-insignificant payment delay, term extensions or any combination thereof.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of December 31:

			2023
			Rate Reduction						Term Extension						Principal Forgiveness						Payment Deferral						Term Extension and Payment Deferral						Total						Percentage of Total Loans and Leases
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	50					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	50					—		%
Time and demand			50						—						—						—						—						50						—
Residential real estate			21						303						—						—						434						758						0.03
Residential first lien			21						303						—						—						434						758						0.04
Commercial real estate			—						—						—						9,663						—						9,663						0.32
Owner occupied			—						—						—						9,663						—						9,663						1.33
Total			$	71					$	303					$	—					$	9,663					$	434					$	10,471					0.12		%

The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of December 31:

			2023
			Rate Reduction						Term Extension (Years)						Principal Forgiveness						Payment Deferral (Years)
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			4.00		%				0.0						$	—					0.0
Time and demand			4.00						0.0						—						0.0
Residential real estate			2.25						3.1						—						0.5
Residential first lien			2.25						3.1						—						0.5
Commercial real estate			—						0.0						—						0.5
Owner occupied			—						0.0						—						0.5
Total			3.49		%				3.1						$	—					0.5

A modification is considered to be in default when the loan is 90 days or more past due. For the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no modified loans that were considered to be in default. The following tables shows the payment status of loans that have been modified on or after January 1, 2023, the date we adopted ASU 2022-02:

			Current						30 - 59 days past due						60 - 89 days past due						90 days or greater and still accruing						Total
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	50					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	50
Time and demand			50						—						—						—						50
Residential real estate			758						—						—						—						758
Residential first lien			758						—						—						—						758
Commercial real estate			9,663						—						—						—						9,663
Owner occupied			9,663						—						—						—						9,663
Total			$	10,471					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	10,471

Troubled Debt Restructurings Disclosures Prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02

Troubled debt restructured loans are those loans whose terms have been renegotiated to provide a reduction or deferral of principal or interest as a result of the financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, who could not obtain comparable terms from alternate financing sources. Troubled debt restructured loans are considered to be nonperforming loans.

The following tables provide detail, including specific reserve and reasons for modification, related to loans identified as troubled debt restructurings during the years ending December 31:

			2022
									Type of Modification
			Number of Contracts						Extend Maturity						Modify Rate						Modify Payments						Total Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment						Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment						Specific Reserve
			(dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate			5						$	—					$	10					$	683					$	693					$	676					$	—
Residential first lien			5						—						10						683						693						676						—
Total			5						$	—					$	10					$	683					$	693					$	676					$	—

			2021
									Type of Modification
			Number of Contracts						Extend Maturity						Modify Rate						Modify Payments						Total Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment						Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment						Specific Reserve
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			6						$	—					$	—					$	7,893					$	7,893					$	288					$	—
Time and demand			6						—						—						7,893						7,893						288						—
Residential real estate			15						—						359						301						660						624						—
Residential first lien			12						—						359						171						530						502						—
Residential junior lien/home equity			3						—						—						130						130						122						—
Commercial real estate			2						—						—						644						644						634						—
Non-owner occupied			2						—						—						644						644						634						—
Loans to individuals			7						—						110						63						173						144						—
Automobile and recreational vehicles			7						—						110						63						173						144						—
Total			30						$	—					$	469					$	8,901					$	9,370					$	1,690					$	—

The troubled debt restructurings included in the above tables are also included in the nonperforming loan tables provided earlier in this footnote. Loans defined as modified due to a change in rate include loans that were modified for a change in rate as well as a re-amortization of the principal and an extension of the maturity. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, $10 thousand and $0.4 million, respectively, of total rate modifications represent loans with modifications to the rate as well as payment due to re-amortization. In 2022, the changes in loan balances between the pre-modification balance and post-modification balance are due to customer payments. For 2021, the change between the pre-modification and post-modification balance for commercial real estate loans is primarily due to the payoff of one large commercial relationship that restructured during the year.

A troubled debt restructuring is considered to be in default when a restructured loan is 90 days or more past due. The following table provides information related to loans that were restructured within the past twelve months and that were considered to be in default during the year ending December 31:

			2022												2021
			Number of Contracts						Recorded Investment						Number of Contracts						Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			—						$	—					1						$	223
Time and demand			—						—						1						223
Loans to individuals			—						—						1						21
Automobile and recreational vehicles			—						—						1						21
Total			—						$	—					2						$	244

The following tables provide detail related to the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31.

			2023
			Beginning balance						Allowance for credit loss on PCD acquired loans						Charge-offs						Recoveries						Provision (credit)a						Ending balance
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	22,650					$	19,417					$	(19,199)					$	498					$	4,630					$	27,996
Time and demand			20,040						19,417						(16,147)						260						(751)						22,819
Commercial credit cards			335						—						(105)						13						35						278
Equipment finance			1,086						—						(537)						—						2,850						3,399
Time and demand other			1,189						—						(2,410)						225						2,496						1,500
Real estate construction			8,822						287						—						—						(1,691)						7,418
Construction other			6,360						227						—						—						(139)						6,448
Construction residential			2,462						60						—						—						(1,552)						970
Residential real estate			21,412						527						(561)						247						2,276						23,901
Residential first lien			14,822						197						(246)						177						2,025						16,975
Residential junior lien/home equity			6,590						330						(315)						70						251						6,926
Commercial real estate			28,804						6,971						(6,277)						151						7,422						37,071
Multifamily			4,726						234						—						—						273						5,233
Non-owner occupied			16,426						2,739						(4,705)						127						5,408						19,995
Owner occupied			7,652						3,998						(1,572)						24						1,741						11,843
Loans to individuals			21,218						3						(7,230)						2,219						5,122						21,332
Automobile and recreational vehicles			18,819						3						(5,587)						1,832						4,075						19,142
Consumer credit cards			412						—						(290)						87						163						372
Consumer other			1,987						—						(1,353)						300						884						1,818
Total			$	102,906					$	27,205					$	(33,267)					$	3,115					$	17,759					$	117,718

a) The provision (credit) shown here includes the day 1 provision on non-PCD loans acquired from Centric and excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.

			2022
			Beginning balance												Charge-offs						Recoveries						Provision (credit)a						Ending balance
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	18,093											$	(2,361)					$	394					$	6,524					$	22,650
Time and demand			15,283												(710)						202						5,265						20,040
Commercial credit cards			247												(217)						71						234						335
Equipment finance			—												—						—						1,086						1,086
Time and demand other			2,563												(1,434)						121						(61)						1,189
Real estate construction			4,220												—						9						4,593						8,822
Construction other			3,278												—						9						3,073						6,360
Construction residential			942												—						—						1,520						2,462
Residential real estate			12,625												(339)						187						8,939						21,412
Residential first lien			7,459												(163)						130						7,396						14,822
Residential junior lien/home equity			5,166												(176)						57						1,543						6,590
Commercial real estate			33,376												(2,487)						769						(2,854)						28,804
Multifamily			3,561												(411)						411						1,165						4,726
Non-owner occupied			24,838												(1,836)						342						(6,918)						16,426
Owner occupied			4,977												(240)						16						2,899						7,652
Loans to individuals			24,208												(4,658)						1,349						319						21,218
Automobile and recreational vehicles			21,392												(2,639)						787						(721)						18,819
Consumer credit cards			496												(486)						75						327						412
Consumer other			2,320												(1,533)						487						713						1,987
Total			$	92,522											$	(9,845)					$	2,708					$	17,521					$	102,906

a) The provision (credit) shown here excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.

			2021
			Beginning balance												Charge-offs						Recoveries						Provision (credit)a						Ending balance
			(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			$	17,187											$	(7,020)					$	2,430					$	5,496					$	18,093
Time and demand			16,838												(6,845)						2,412						5,441						17,846
Commercial credit cards			349												(175)						18						55						247
Real estate construction			7,966												(9)						155						(3,892)						4,220
Residential real estate			14,358												(309)						468						(1,892)						12,625
Residential first lien			7,919												(60)						337						(737)						7,459
Residential junior lien/home equity			6,439												(249)						131						(1,155)						5,166
Commercial real estate			41,953												(1,659)						135						(7,053)						33,376
Multifamily			6,240												(1)						—						(2,678)						3,561
Non-owner occupied			28,414												(1,556)						125						(2,145)						24,838
Owner occupied			7,299												(102)						10						(2,230)						4,977
Loans to individuals			19,845												(4,061)						1,460						6,964						24,208
Automobile and recreational vehicles			16,133												(1,792)						1,016						6,035						21,392
Consumer credit cards			635												(425)						71						215						496
Consumer other			3,077												(1,844)						373						714						2,320
Total			$	101,309											$	(13,058)					$	4,648					$	(377)					$	92,522

a) The provision (credit) shown here excludes the provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure included in the income statement.

X

- References

No definition available.

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- Definition

The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 310
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//310-10/tableOfContent

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