XML 20 R9.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.7.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company included herein were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information furnished includes all adjustments and accruals of a normal recurring nature, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim periods. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year or any subsequent interim period.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, which are included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 28, 2017. There have been no significant changes to the Company's significant accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2017, other than the updates described below and the subsequent notes.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the OP and its subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a joint venture and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, management considers factors such as ownership interest, authority to make decisions and contractual and substantive participating rights of the other partners or members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE") for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company has determined that the OP is a VIE of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Substantially all of the Company's assets and liabilities are held by the OP.
Income Taxes
The Company qualified to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013. Commencing with such taxable year, the Company was organized to operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code. The Company intends to continue to operate in such a manner to continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that it will operate in a manner so as to remain qualified as a REIT. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax to the extent it distributes annually all of its REIT taxable income. REIT's are subject to a number of other organizational and operational requirements. The Company conducts business in various states and municipalities within the U.S. (including Puerto Rico), United Kingdom and continental Europe and, as a result, the Company or one of its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and certain foreign jurisdictions. As a result, the Company may be subject to certain federal, state, local and foreign taxes on its income and assets, including alternative minimum taxes, taxes on any undistributed income and state, local or foreign income, franchise, property and transfer taxes. Any of these taxes decrease Company's earnings and available cash.
In addition, the Company's international assets and operations, including those designated as direct or indirect qualified REIT subsidiaries or other disregarded entities of a REIT, continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted. During the period from July 13, 2011 (date of inception) to December 31, 2012, the Company elected to be taxed as a corporation, pursuant to which income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and income tax basis of assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, using expected tax rates in effect for each taxing jurisdiction in which the Company operates for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more-likely-than-not, based on technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. Because, the Company elected and qualified to be taxed as a REIT commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013, it does not anticipate that any applicable deferred tax assets or liabilities will be realized.
Significant judgment is required in determining the Company's tax provision and in evaluating its tax positions. The Company establishes tax reserves based on a benefit recognition model, which the Company believes could result in a greater amount of benefit (and a lower amount of reserve) being initially recognized in certain circumstances. Provided that the tax position is deemed more likely than not of being sustained, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being ultimately realized upon settlement. The Company derecognizes the tax position when the likelihood of the tax position being sustained is no longer more likely than not.
The Company recognizes deferred income taxes in certain of its subsidiaries taxable in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are generally the result of temporary differences (items that are treated differently for tax purposes than for GAAP purposes). In addition, deferred tax assets arise from unutilized tax net operating losses, generated in prior years. The Company provides a valuation allowance against its deferred income tax assets when it believes that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred income tax asset may not be realized. Whenever a change in circumstances causes a change in the estimated realizability of the related deferred income tax asset, the resulting increase or decrease in the valuation allowance is included in deferred income tax expense (benefit).
The Company derives most of its REIT taxable income from its real estate operations in the U.S. and has historically distributed all of its REIT taxable income to its shareholders. As such, the Company's real estate operations are generally not subject to federal tax, and accordingly, no provision has been made for U.S. federal income taxes in the consolidated financial statements for these operations. These operations may be subject to certain state, local, and foreign taxes, as applicable.
The Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are primarily the result of temporary differences related to the following:
Basis differences between tax and GAAP for certain international real estate investments. For income tax purposes, in certain acquisitions, the Company assumes the seller’s basis, or the carry-over basis, in the acquired assets. The carry-over basis is typically lower than the purchase price, or the GAAP basis, resulting in a deferred tax liability with an offsetting increase to goodwill or the acquired tangible or intangible assets;
Timing differences generated by differences in the GAAP basis and the tax basis of assets such as those related to capitalized acquisition costs and depreciation expense; and
Tax net operating losses in certain subsidiaries, including those domiciled in foreign jurisdictions that may be realized in future periods if the respective subsidiary generates sufficient taxable income.
The Company recognizes current income tax expense for state and local income taxes and taxes incurred in its foreign jurisdictions. The Company's current income tax expense fluctuates from period to period based primarily on the timing of its taxable income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized an income tax expense of $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recognized an income tax expense of $0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Deferred income tax (expense) benefit is generally a function of the period’s temporary differences and the utilization of net operating losses generated in prior years that had been previously recognized as deferred income tax assets from state and local taxes in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions.
Out-of-period adjustment
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded $0.5 million of additional rental income and unbilled straight-line rent due to an error in the calculation of straight-line rent for one of the Company's properties acquired during 2014. The Company concluded that this adjustment was not material to the financial position or results of operations for the current period or any prior period.
Listing Note
Concurrent with the Listing, the Company, as the general partner of the OP, caused the OP, subject to the terms of the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement, to issue a note (the "Listing Note") to the Special Limited Partner, to evidence the OP’s obligation to make distributions to the Special Limited Partner which it was entitled to receive pursuant to its special limited partner interest in the OP. The final value of the Listing Note on maturity at January 2016 was determined to be zero. No amounts were paid on maturity or can be paid subsequently to the Special Limited Partner with respect to the Listing Note.
Multi-Year Outperformance Agreement
Concurrent with the Listing and modifications to the Fourth Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement") by and among the Company, the OP and the Advisor, the Company entered into a Multi-Year Outperformance Agreement (the “OPP”) with the OP and the Advisor (see Note 13 Share-Based Compensation). The Company records equity based compensation expense associated with the awards over the requisite service period of five years. The cumulative equity-based compensation expense is adjusted each reporting period for changes in the estimated market-related performance.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted:
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-05 Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships. Under the new guidance, the novation of a derivative contract in a hedge accounting relationship does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedge accounting relationship. The hedge accounting relationship could continue uninterrupted if all of the other hedge accounting criteria are met, including the expectation that the hedge will be highly effective when the creditworthiness of the new counterparty to the derivative contract is considered. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein. The Company has adopted the provisions of this guidance effective January 1, 2017, and has applied the provisions prospectively. The adoption of this guidance has not had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2016, the FASB issued an update on ASU 2016-09 Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The guidance changes the accounting for certain aspects of share-based compensation. Among other things, the revised guidance allows companies to make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur. The revised guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company has adopted the provisions of this guidance effective January 1, 2017, and has applied the provisions prospectively. The adoption of this guidance has not had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-17 Interest Held through Related Parties that Are under Common Control (Topic 810) guidance where a reporting entity will need to evaluate if it should consolidate a VIE. The amendments change the evaluation of whether a reporting entity is the primary beneficiary of a VIE by changing how a single decision maker of a VIE treats indirect interests in the entity held through related parties that are under common control with the reporting entity. The revised guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company has adopted the provisions of this guidance effective January 1, 2017, and has applied the provisions prospectively. The adoption of this guidance has not had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 Clarifying the Definition of a Business (Topic 805) guidance that revises the definition of a business. Amongst other things, this new guidance is applicable when evaluating whether an acquisition (disposal) should be treated as either a business acquisition (disposal) or an asset acquisition (disposal). Under the revised guidance, when substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets, the assets acquired would not be considered a business. The revised guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and the amendments will be applied prospectively. The Company has adopted the provisions of this guidance effective January 1, 2017, and has applied the provisions prospectively. While Company's acquisitions have historically been classified as either business combinations or asset acquisitions, certain acquisitions that were classified as business combinations by the Company likely would have been considered asset acquisitions under the new standard. As a result, future transaction costs are more likely to be capitalized since the Company expects most of its future acquisitions to be classified as asset acquisitions under this new standard.
Pending Adoption:
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under the revised guidance, an entity is required to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The revised guidance allows entities to apply either a full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method upon adoption. In July 2015, the FASB finalized a one-year delay of the revised guidance, although entities will be allowed to early adopt the guidance as of the original effective date. The new guidance will be effective in the Company's 2018 fiscal year. The Company is evaluating the impact of the implementation of this guidance, including performing a preliminary review of all revenue streams to identify any differences in the timing, measurement or presentation of revenue recognition. The Company is continuing to evaluate the allowable methods of adoption.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01 Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Subtopic 825-10). The revised guidance amends the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The new guidance significantly revises an entity’s accounting related to equity investments and the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. Among other things, it also amends the presentation and disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The revised guidance is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is not permitted for most of the amendments in the update. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 Leases (ASC 842), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. The ASU is expected to impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company has certain operating and land lease arrangements for which it is the lessee. ASC 842 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840 Leases. The standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net). The guidance requires an entity to determine whether the nature of its promise to provide goods or services to a customer is performed in a principal or agent capacity and to recognize revenue in a gross or net manner based on its principal/agent designation. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing. The amendments in this update do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606 but rather, clarify aspects of identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, while retaining the related principles for those areas. The amendment is effective on the same date as ASU 2014-09, which is not yet effective. The Company is evaluating the impact of the implementation of this guidance, including performing a preliminary review of all revenue streams to identify any differences in the timing, measurement or presentation of revenue recognition. The Company is continuing to evaluate the allowable methods of adoption.
In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. The amendments provide clarifying guidance in a few narrow areas and add some practical expedients to the guidance. The amendments are expected to reduce the degree of judgment necessary to comply with Topic 606, which the FASB expects will reduce the potential for diversity arising in practice and reduce the cost and complexity of applying the guidance. The amendment is effective on the same date as ASU 2014-09, which is not yet effective. The Company is evaluating the impact of the implementation of this guidance, including performing a preliminary review of all revenue streams to identify any differences in the timing, measurement or presentation of revenue recognition. The Company is continuing to evaluate the allowable methods of adoption.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) guidance on how certain transactions should be classified and presented in the statement of cash flows as either operating, investing or financing activities. Among other things, the update provides specific guidance on where to classify debt prepayment and extinguishment costs, payments for contingent consideration made after a business combination and distributions received from equity method investments. The revised guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) (Topic 230) guidance on the classification of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The amendment requires restricted cash to be included in the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total cash amounts. Therefore, transfers between cash and restricted cash will no longer be shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) guidance on simplifying subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The amendments in this update modify the concept of impairment from the condition that exists to when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. An entity no longer will determine goodwill impairment by calculating the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. The revised guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and the amendments will be applied prospectively. Early application is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05 Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets guidance related to partial sales of non-financial assets, eliminates rules specifically addressing the sales of real estate, clarifies the definition of in substance non-financial assets, removes exception to the financial asset derecognition model and clarifies the accounting for contributions of non-financial assets to joint ventures. The revised guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, but only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09 Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) guidance that clarifies which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The update states that modification accounting should be used unless the fair value of the award, the vesting terms of the award, and the classification of the award as either equity or liability, does not change as a result of the modification. The revised guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.
In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non-controlling Interests with a Scope Exception guidance that changes the method to determine the classification of certain financial instruments with a down round feature as liabilities or equity instruments and clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. A down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability, rather, an entity that presents earnings per share is required to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features. The revised guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Adoption should be applied retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a down round feature with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance.