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Share-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation

9. Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” which requires the Company to recognize compensation expense for share-based awards, measured at the fair value of the awards at the grant date. The Company recognized $0.9 million and $0.5 million of share-based compensation related expense during the three-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $2.4 million and $1.2 million during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company granted zero and 1.2 million options during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was estimated at $1.98 per option, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions:

Expected Volatility: The Company utilizes a volatility factor based on the Company's historical stock prices for a period of time equal to the expected term of the stock option utilizing weekly price observations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company utilized a weighted-average volatility factor of 52.5%.

Expected Term: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company utilized a weighted-average expected term factor of 5.0 years.

Risk-Free Interest Rate: The risk-free interest rate utilized is based upon the implied yields currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues over the expected term of the stock options. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company utilized a weighted-average risk free interest rate of 0.3%.

The Company granted approximately 5,000 and 144,000 restricted stock units during the three-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and approximately 465,000 and 648,000 restricted stock units during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The weighted-average fair value of restricted stock units granted was estimated at $8.50 and $6.35 per unit during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The fair value of 2021 and 2020 time-based restricted stock units was determined by using the value of stock in the open market on the grant date. The fair value of the 2021 and 2020 performance-based restricted stock units was determined by using the Monte Carlo valuation model.

The fair value of the stock-based awards granted is recorded as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods of the awards.

There were 2,000 and zero options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company received approximately $13,000 from a non-employee director exercising options during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was approximately $3,000.