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Fair Value Disclosures - Summary of Carrying Value and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | Dec. 31, 2014 | Dec. 31, 2013
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Financial derivatives | $ 23,182 | $ 3,816 |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 38,871 | 40,189 |  |
Derivative Liability | 32,509 | 39,213 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 37,282 | 38,609 | $ 37,925 | $ 39,667
Reported Value Measurement [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 265,229 | 1,210,084 |  |
Loans | 4,507,435 | 3,962,044 |  |
Financial derivatives | 23,182 | 3,816 |  |
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties | 1,142,704 | 713,536 |  |
Derivative Liability | 58,152 | 77,199 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 2,515,851 | 2,775,516 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 6,002,916 | 5,426,621 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 2,029,613 | 1,917,319 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 32,656 | 31,240 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 31,796 | 30,301 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 6,215 | 8,949 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 5,486 | 8,308 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Due within one year [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Notes payable: | 8,440,123 | 9,111,461 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Notes payable: | 5,222,977 | 4,967,036 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 265,229 | 1,210,084 |  |
Loans | 4,481,019 | 4,027,660 |  |
Financial derivatives | 23,182 | 3,816 |  |
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties | 1,107,513 | 713,316 |  |
Derivative Liability | 58,152 | 77,199 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 2,515,851 | 2,775,516 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 6,006,694 | 5,434,422 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 1,934,023 | 1,917,319 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 34,720 | 31,953 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 33,860 | 31,015 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 6,197 | 8,872 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 5,467 | 8,230 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Due within one year [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Notes payable: | 8,439,515 | 9,108,468 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Notes payable: | $ 5,260,497 | $ 5,009,310 |  |

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