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Fair Value Disclosures - Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Sep. 30, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2014 | Mar. 31, 2014 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | $ 235 |  |  | $ 0 |  | $ 235 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Realized and Unrealized Gains Included in Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 235 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Transfers Out |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | $ 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 6,770,031 | $ 6,115,339 |  | 5,472,078 |  | 6,770,031 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 1,825,732 |  | 1,055,501 |  | 1,434,461 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | (124,760) |  | 0 |  | (26,675) |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (957,486) |  | (394,307) |  | (1,153,191) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | (19,478) |  | 4,210 |  | 15,292 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 65,607 |  | (22,143) |  | 64,946 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,013,151 |  |  |  | 1,632,786 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 5,472,078 |  |  | 4,891,803 |  | 6,115,339 |  | 5,472,078 |
Investment Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 66,418 | 45,415 |  | 41,265 |  | 66,418 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | (26,806) |  | 0 |  | (26,675) |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (2,213) |  | (657) |  | (890) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | 1,728 |  | 359 |  | (379) |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | (394) |  | 4,448 |  | 2,791 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 41,265 |  |  | 17,730 |  | 45,415 |  | 41,265 |
USDA Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading Securities, Unrealized Gains |  | $ 300 |  |  |  | 1,800 |  | 900 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 1,612,013 | 1,917,319 |  | 1,771,532 |  | 1,612,013 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 391,240 |  | 363,621 |  | 335,359 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | (97,954) |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (245,587) |  | (245,481) |  | (228,585) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | (262) |  | 761 |  | 1,151 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 35,959 |  | 26,886 |  | 51,594 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,980,327 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 1,771,532 |  |  | 20,388 |  | 1,917,319 |  | 1,771,532 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 65,490 | 44,924 |  | 40,576 |  | 65,490 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | (26,806) |  | 0 |  | (26,675) |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | (205) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | (100) |  | (825) |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | (394) |  | 4,448 |  | 2,791 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 40,576 |  |  | 17,730 |  | 44,924 |  | 40,576 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 5,091,600 | 4,152,605 |  | 3,659,281 |  | 5,091,600 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 1,434,492 |  | 691,880 |  | 1,099,102 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (709,686) |  | (148,169) |  | (923,716) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | (20,944) |  | 3,090 |  | 14,520 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 30,042 |  | (53,477) |  | 10,561 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 32,824 |  | 0 |  | 1,632,786 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 3,659,281 |  |  | 4,853,685 |  | 4,152,605 |  | 3,659,281 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 1,553,669 | 1,888,344 |  | 1,731,222 |  | 1,553,669 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 391,240 |  | 363,621 |  | 335,359 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | (97,954) |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (237,262) |  | (233,385) |  | (209,400) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 35,959 |  | 26,886 |  | 51,594 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 | [1] |  |  |  |  | 1,980,327 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 1,731,222 |  |  | 0 |  | 1,888,344 |  | 1,731,222 |
Trading Securities [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 928 | 491 |  | 689 |  | 928 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (2,213) |  | (657) |  | (685) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | 1,722 |  | 459 |  | 446 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 689 |  |  | 0 |  | 491 |  | 689 |
Trading Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 58,344 | 28,975 |  | 40,310 | [2] | 58,344 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (8,325) |  | (12,096) |  | (19,185) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | (262) | [2] | 761 | [3] | 1,151 | [4]
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 40,310 | [2] |  | 20,388 | [2] | 28,975 |  | 40,310 | [2]
Institutional Credit [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 5,070,366 | 4,121,244 |  | 3,631,662 | [2] | 5,070,366 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 1,430,392 |  | 678,566 |  | 1,091,475 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (706,446) |  | (138,687) |  | (922,908) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | (20,944) |  | 3,090 |  | 14,520 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 29,439 |  | (53,387) |  | 10,995 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  | 0 |  | 1,600,000 | 0 |  |  |  | 1,632,786 | [4]
Ending Balance |  |  | 3,631,662 | [2] |  | 4,853,685 | [2] | 4,121,244 |  | 3,631,662 | [2]
USDA Guarantees [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 21,234 | 31,361 |  | 27,619 |  | 21,234 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 4,100 |  | 13,314 |  | 7,627 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (3,240) |  | (9,482) |  | (808) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 603 |  | (90) |  | (434) |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 32,824 | [1] |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 27,619 |  |  | 0 |  | 31,361 |  | 27,619 |
Floating Interest Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 65,285 | 44,924 |  | 40,576 |  | 65,285 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | (26,806) |  | 0 |  | (26,675) |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | (100) |  | (825) |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | (394) |  | 4,448 |  | 2,791 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 40,576 |  |  | 17,730 |  | 44,924 |  | 40,576 |
Floating Interest Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | 205 |  |  | 0 |  | 205 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (205) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
Floating Interest Rate [Member] | Trading Securities [Member] | Asset-backed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  |  | $ 928 | 491 |  | 689 | [5] | 928 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  |  | (2,213) |  | (657) | [6] | (685) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  |  |  | 1,722 | [5] | 459 |  | 446 | [7]
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  | $ 689 | [5] |  | $ 0 | [5] | $ 491 |  | $ 689 | [5]
[1] | Includes $32.8 million of Farmer Mac Guaranteed USDA Securities and $2.0 billion of USDA Securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity on October 1, 2016.
[2] | Includes unrealized losses of $0.3 million attributable to assets still held as of December 31, 2016 that are recorded in "Gains on trading securities."
[3] | Includes unrealized gains of $0.9 million attributable to assets still held as of December 31, 2015 that are recorded in "Gains on trading securities."
[4] | Includes $1.6 billion of AgVantage securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity on January 1, 2014 and $20.7 million of AgVantage securities purchased during 2014 transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity.
[5] | nrealized gains are attributable to assets still held as of December 31, 2016 and are recorded in "Gains on trading securities."
[6] | Unrealized gains are attributable to assets still held as of December 31, 2015 and are recorded in "Gains on trading securities."
[7] | Unrealized gains are attributable to assets still held as of December 31, 2014 and are recorded in "Gains on trading securities."

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- Definition Amount of transfers of financial instrument classified as a liability out of level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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- Definition Amount of gain (loss) recognized in the income statement for financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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- Definition Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(1a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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- Definition Amount of purchases of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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- Definition Amount of sale of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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- Definition Amount of settlement of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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- Definition Amount of transfers of financial instrument classified as an asset out of level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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- Definition Fair value of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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- Definition Amount of gain (loss) recognized on the income statement for financial instrument classified as a liability measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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