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Loans and Allowance for Losses and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Financing Receivables Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015
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Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[2] | $ 6,139,304 |  | $ 5,725,299 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due | [3] | 21,038 | [1] | 32,136 | [4]
Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 5,845,308 |  | 5,509,463 |
Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 128,803 |  | 111,336 |
Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 165,193 |  | 104,500 |
Crops [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 3,410,498 |  | 3,243,651 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 13,822 | [1] | 5,167 | [4]
Crops [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 3,281,371 |  | 3,168,216 |
Crops [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 55,645 |  | 46,677 |
Crops [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 73,482 |  | 28,758 |
Permanent Plantings [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 1,037,440 |  | 941,411 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 3,652 | [1] | 7,405 | [4]
Permanent Plantings [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 971,477 |  | 904,373 |
Permanent Plantings [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 18,020 |  | 9,842 |
Permanent Plantings [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 47,943 |  | 27,196 |
Livestock [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 1,305,844 |  | 1,236,781 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 707 | [1] | 7,059 | [4]
Livestock [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 1,228,840 |  | 1,162,475 |
Livestock [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 48,416 |  | 48,438 |
Livestock [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 28,588 |  | 25,868 |
Part-Time Farm [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 324,074 |  | 211,125 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 2,857 | [1] | 2,667 | [4]
Part-Time Farm [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 304,728 |  | 192,531 |
Part-Time Farm [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 6,716 |  | 5,856 |
Part-Time Farm [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 12,630 |  | 12,738 |
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 48,051 |  | 81,990 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 0 | [1] | 9,838 | [4]
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 46,082 |  | 72,152 |
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 0 |  | 0 |
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 1,969 |  | 9,838 |
Other Commodity [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 13,397 |  | 10,341 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 0 | [1] | 0 | [4]
Other Commodity [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 12,810 |  | 9,716 |
Other Commodity [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 6 |  | 523 |
Other Commodity [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 581 |  | 102 |
On-balance sheet [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 3,514,454 |  | 2,957,975 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due | [3] | 19,757 | [1] | 26,935 | [4]
On-balance sheet [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 3,352,959 |  | 2,837,487 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 73,809 |  | 63,106 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 87,686 |  | 57,382 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 2,157,098 |  | 1,923,842 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 13,449 | [1] | 4,656 | [4]
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 2,080,227 |  | 1,888,762 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 35,223 |  | 22,255 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 41,648 |  | 12,825 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 597,130 |  | 454,901 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 3,245 | [1] | 7,405 | [4]
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 568,221 |  | 431,038 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 1,139 |  | 2,616 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 27,770 |  | 21,247 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 548,517 |  | 450,278 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 669 | [1] | 2,517 | [4]
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 504,784 |  | 409,003 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 33,075 |  | 35,317 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 10,658 |  | 5,958 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 191,270 |  | 99,973 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 2,394 | [1] | 2,519 | [4]
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 179,288 |  | 89,541 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 4,372 |  | 2,918 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 7,610 |  | 7,514 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 11,545 |  | 25,782 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 0 | [1] | 9,838 | [4]
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 11,545 |  | 15,944 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 0 |  | 0 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 0 |  | 9,838 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 8,894 |  | 3,199 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 0 | [1] | 0 | [4]
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 8,894 |  | 3,199 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 0 |  | 0 |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 0 |  | 0 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 2,624,850 |  | 2,767,324 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due | [3] | 1,281 | [1] | 5,201 | [4]
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 2,492,349 |  | 2,671,976 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 54,994 |  | 48,230 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 77,507 |  | 47,118 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 1,253,400 |  | 1,319,809 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 373 | [1] | 511 | [4]
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 1,201,144 |  | 1,279,454 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 20,422 |  | 24,422 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 31,834 |  | 15,933 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 440,310 |  | 486,510 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 407 | [1] | 0 | [4]
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 403,256 |  | 473,335 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 16,881 |  | 7,226 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 20,173 |  | 5,949 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 757,327 |  | 786,503 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 38 | [1] | 4,542 | [4]
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 724,056 |  | 753,472 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 15,341 |  | 13,121 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 17,930 |  | 19,910 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 132,804 |  | 111,152 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 463 | [1] | 148 | [4]
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 125,440 |  | 102,990 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 2,344 |  | 2,938 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 5,020 |  | 5,224 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 36,506 |  | 56,208 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 0 | [1] | 0 | [4]
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 34,537 |  | 56,208 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 0 |  | 0 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | 1,969 |  | 0 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 4,503 |  | 7,142 |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due |  | 0 | [1] | 0 | [4]
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] | Acceptable [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 3,916 |  | 6,517 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] | Special Mention [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[5] | 6 |  | 523 |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] | Substandard [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[6] | $ 581 |  | $ 102 |
[1] | Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.
[2] | Geographic regions: Northwest (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY); Southwest (AZ, CA, CO, HI, NM, NV, UT); Mid-North (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, NE, ND, SD, WI); Mid-South (AR, KS, LA, MO, OK, TX); Northeast (CT, DE, KY, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV); Southeast (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN).
[3] | Includes loans and loans underlying off-balance sheet Farm & Ranch Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs that are 90 days or more past due, in foreclosure, or in bankruptcy with at least one missed payment, excluding loans performing under either their original loan terms or a court-approved bankruptcy plan.
[4] | Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.
[5] | Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.
[6] | Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

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- Definition Recorded Investment in financing receivables that are past due at the balance sheet date. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Recorded Investment -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65880944 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 7A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66008989&loc=SL6953401-111524 + Details
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