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Loans and Allowance for Losses and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Allowance for Losses by Impairment Method and Commodity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Mar. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015
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Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | $ 6,123,504 | $ 6,031,565 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 116,963 | 107,739 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1],[2] | 6,240,467 | 6,139,304 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 4,922 | 5,143 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 2,716 | 2,292 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 7,638 | 7,435 | $ 6,626 | $ 6,563
Crops [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 3,397,537 | 3,357,301 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 63,646 | 53,197 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 3,461,183 | 3,410,498 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 2,322 | 2,420 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 1,240 | 945 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 3,562 | 3,365 | 2,892 | 2,791
Permanent Plantings [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 1,023,386 | 1,006,935 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 33,248 | 30,505 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 1,056,634 | 1,037,440 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 927 | 933 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 943 | 790 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 1,870 | 1,723 | 937 | 931
Livestock [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 1,286,420 | 1,290,332 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 12,062 | 15,512 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 1,298,482 | 1,305,844 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 982 | 976 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 397 | 399 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 1,379 | 1,375 | 1,763 | 1,781
Part-Time Farm [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 351,398 | 315,549 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 8,007 | 8,525 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 359,405 | 324,074 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 188 | 247 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 136 | 158 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 324 | 405 | 444 | 408
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 51,481 | 48,051 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 51,481 | 48,051 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 472 | 533 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 472 | 533 | 587 | 649
Other Commodity [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 13,282 | 13,397 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 13,282 | 13,397 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 31 | 34 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 31 | 34 | $ 3 | $ 3
On-balance sheet [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 3,544,142 | 3,426,768 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 99,244 | 87,686 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 3,643,386 | 3,514,454 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 3,510 | 3,630 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 2,301 | 1,785 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 5,811 | 5,415 |  |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 2,144,328 | 2,115,450 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 53,568 | 41,648 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 2,197,896 | 2,157,098 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 1,876 | 2,000 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 962 | 613 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 2,838 | 2,613 |  |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 594,950 | 569,360 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 30,980 | 27,770 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 625,930 | 597,130 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 667 | 652 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 936 | 770 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 1,603 | 1,422 |  |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 573,922 | 537,859 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 7,396 | 10,658 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 581,318 | 548,517 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 765 | 735 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 275 | 270 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 1,040 | 1,005 |  |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 208,401 | 183,660 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 7,300 | 7,610 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 215,701 | 191,270 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 155 | 193 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 128 | 132 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 283 | 325 |  |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 13,640 | 11,545 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 13,640 | 11,545 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 21 | 22 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 21 | 22 |  |
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 8,901 | 8,894 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 8,901 | 8,894 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 26 | 28 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 26 | 28 |  |
Off-balance sheet [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 2,579,362 | 2,604,797 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 17,719 | 20,053 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 2,597,081 | 2,624,850 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 1,412 | 1,513 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 415 | 507 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 1,827 | 2,020 |  |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 1,253,209 | 1,241,851 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 10,078 | 11,549 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 1,263,287 | 1,253,400 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 446 | 420 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 278 | 332 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 724 | 752 |  |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 428,436 | 437,575 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 2,268 | 2,735 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 430,704 | 440,310 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 260 | 281 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 7 | 20 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 267 | 301 |  |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 712,498 | 752,473 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 4,666 | 4,854 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 717,164 | 757,327 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 217 | 241 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 122 | 129 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 339 | 370 |  |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 142,997 | 131,889 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 707 | 915 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 143,704 | 132,804 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 33 | 54 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 8 | 26 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 41 | 80 |  |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 37,841 | 36,506 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 37,841 | 36,506 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 451 | 511 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | 451 | 511 |  |
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 4,381 | 4,503 |  |
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Gross | [1] | 4,381 | 4,503 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | 5 | 6 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | 0 | 0 |  |
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses |  | $ 5 | $ 6 |  |
[1] | Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.
[2] | Geographic regions: Northwest (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY); Southwest (AZ, CA, CO, HI, NM, NV, UT); Mid-North (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, NE, ND, SD, WI); Mid-South (AR, KS, LA, MO, OK, TX); Northeast (CT, DE, KY, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV); Southeast (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN).

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- Definition The valuation allowance for financing receivables that are expected to be uncollectible that were collectively evaluated for impairment. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 11B -Subparagraph (g) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66008989&loc=SL6953423-111524 + Details
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