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Fair Value Disclosures - Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | $ 4,891,803,000 |  | $ 6,115,339,000 |
Transfers In |  | 7,041,000 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 572,116,000 |  | 1,014,505,000 |
Sales |  | (32,589,000) |  | (30,454,000) |
Settlements |  | (163,723,000) |  | (599,792,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | (3,297,000) |  | 24,661,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 13,240,000 |  | (5,759,000) |
Ending Balance |  | 5,284,591,000 |  | 6,518,500,000 |
Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  | 45,415,000 |
Purchases |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  | (26,806,000) |
Settlements |  |  |  | (206,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  | 104,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  | (394,000) |
Ending Balance |  |  |  | 18,113,000 |
USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |
Trading Securities, Unrealized Holding Loss |  | 44,000 |  |  |
Trading Securities, Unrealized Gains |  |  |  | 200,000 |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 20,388,000 |  | 1,917,319,000 |
Transfers In |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 32,589,000 |  | 98,974,000 |
Sales |  | (32,589,000) |  | (3,648,000) |
Settlements |  | (1,704,000) |  | (86,558,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | (82,000) |  | 259,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 0 |  | 8,537,000 |
Ending Balance |  | 18,602,000 |  | 1,934,883,000 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 17,730,000 |  | 44,924,000 |
Transfers In |  | 7,041,000 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | (26,806,000) |
Settlements |  | (112,000) |  | 0 |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  | 6,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | (1,716,000) |  | (394,000) |
Ending Balance |  | 22,943,000 |  | 17,730,000 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 4,853,685,000 |  | 4,152,605,000 |
Transfers In |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 539,527,000 |  | 915,531,000 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  | (161,907,000) |  | (513,028,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | (3,215,000) |  | 24,298,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 14,956,000 |  | (13,902,000) |
Ending Balance |  | 5,243,046,000 |  | 4,565,504,000 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 0 |  | 1,888,344,000 |
Transfers In |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 32,589,000 |  | 98,974,000 |
Sales |  | (32,589,000) |  | (3,648,000) |
Settlements |  | 0 |  | (84,193,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 0 |  | 8,537,000 |
Ending Balance |  | 0 |  | 1,908,014,000 |
Trading Securities [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  | 491,000 |
Purchases |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  | (206,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  | 98,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  |  | 383,000 |
Trading Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 20,388,000 | [1] | 28,975,000 |
Transfers In |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  | (1,704,000) |  | (2,365,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | (82,000) | [1] | 259,000 | [2]
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  | 18,602,000 | [1] | 26,869,000 |
Institutional Credit [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 4,853,685,000 | [1] | 4,121,244,000 |
Transfers In |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 539,527,000 |  | 915,531,000 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  | (161,907,000) |  | (512,530,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | (3,215,000) |  | 24,298,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 14,956,000 |  | (13,733,000) |
Ending Balance |  | 5,243,046,000 | [1] | 4,534,810,000 |
USDA Guarantees [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  | 31,361,000 |
Purchases |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  | (498,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  | 0 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  | (169,000) |
Ending Balance |  |  |  | 30,694,000 |
Floating Interest Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 17,730,000 |  | 44,924,000 |
Transfers In |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | (26,806,000) |
Settlements |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  | 6,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 394,000 |  | (394,000) |
Ending Balance |  | 18,124,000 |  | 17,730,000 |
Floating Interest Rate [Member] | Trading Securities [Member] | Asset-backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  | 491,000 |
Purchases |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  | 0 |
Settlements | [3] |  |  | (206,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  | 98,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  |  | $ 383,000 |
Fixed Interest Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Government/GSE Guaranteed Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 0 |  |  |
Transfers In |  | 7,041,000 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 0 |  |  |
Sales |  | 0 |  |  |
Settlements |  | (112,000) |  |  |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  |  |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | (2,110,000) |  |  |
Ending Balance |  | $ 4,819,000 |  |  |
[1] | Includes unrealized losses of $44,000 attributable to assets still held as of March 31, 2017 that are recorded in "(Losses)/gains on trading securities."
[2] | Includes unrealized gains of $0.2 million attributable to assets still held as of March 31, 2016 that are recorded in "(Losses)/gains on trading securities."
[3] | Unrealized gains are attributable to assets still held as of March 31, 2016 and are recorded in "(Losses)/gains on trading securities."

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