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Fair Value Disclosures - Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) | 3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Sep. 30, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2016 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2016
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | $ 5,322,025,000 |  | $ 6,741,588,000 |  | $ 4,891,803,000 |  | $ 6,115,339,000 |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 7,041,000 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 234,644,000 |  | 382,397,000 |  | 1,054,554,000 |  | 1,698,586,000 |
Sales |  | (40,844,000) |  | (31,866,000) |  | (126,939,000) |  | (85,434,000) |
Settlements |  | (31,392,000) |  | (123,932,000) |  | (362,780,000) |  | (842,537,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | (1,171,000) |  | (9,778,000) |  | 5,082,000 |  | 28,415,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | (1,676,000) |  | 470,000 |  | 12,825,000 |  | 44,510,000 |
Ending Balance |  | 5,481,586,000 |  | 6,958,879,000 |  | 5,481,586,000 |  | 6,958,879,000 |
Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  | 18,011,000 |  |  |  | 45,415,000 |
Purchases |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | (26,806,000) |
Settlements |  |  |  | (1,887,000) |  |  |  | (2,213,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  | 1,606,000 |  |  |  | 1,728,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  | (148,000) |  |  |  | (542,000) |
Ending Balance |  |  |  | 17,582,000 |  |  |  | 17,582,000 |
USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trading Securities, Unrealized Gains |  | 0 |  | 400,000 |  | 42,000 |  | 100,000 |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 16,294,000 |  | 1,992,546,000 |  | 20,388,000 |  | 1,917,319,000 |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 40,844,000 |  | 119,201,000 |  | 126,939,000 |  | 351,914,000 |
Sales |  | (40,844,000) |  | (31,866,000) |  | (126,939,000) |  | (58,628,000) |
Settlements |  | (1,430,000) |  | (56,646,000) |  | (5,440,000) |  | (242,960,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  | (424,000) |  | (84,000) |  | 212,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 0 |  | (18,995,000) |  | 0 |  | 35,959,000 |
Ending Balance |  | 14,864,000 |  | 2,003,816,000 |  | 14,864,000 |  | 2,003,816,000 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 23,169,000 |  | 17,730,000 |  | 17,730,000 |  | 44,924,000 |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 7,041,000 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | (26,806,000) |
Settlements |  | (111,000) |  | 0 |  | (334,000) |  | 0 |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 6,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | (82,000) |  | (148,000) |  | (1,461,000) |  | (542,000) |
Ending Balance |  | 22,976,000 |  | 17,582,000 |  | 22,976,000 |  | 17,582,000 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 5,282,562,000 |  | 4,731,031,000 |  | 4,853,685,000 |  | 4,152,605,000 |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 193,800,000 |  | 263,196,000 |  | 927,615,000 |  | 1,346,672,000 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  | (29,851,000) |  | (65,399,000) |  | (357,006,000) |  | (597,364,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | (1,171,000) |  | (10,960,000) |  | 5,166,000 |  | 26,475,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | (1,594,000) |  | 19,613,000 |  | 14,286,000 |  | 9,093,000 |
Ending Balance |  | 5,443,746,000 |  | 4,937,481,000 |  | 5,443,746,000 |  | 4,937,481,000 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 0 |  | 1,967,759,000 |  | 0 |  | 1,888,344,000 |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 40,844,000 |  | 119,201,000 |  | 126,939,000 |  | 351,914,000 |
Sales |  | (40,844,000) |  | (31,866,000) |  | (126,939,000) |  | (58,628,000) |
Settlements |  | 0 |  | (55,772,000) |  | 0 |  | (237,262,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 0 |  | (18,995,000) |  | 0 |  | 35,959,000 |
Ending Balance |  | 0 |  | 1,980,327,000 |  | 0 |  | 1,980,327,000 |
Trading Securities [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  | 281,000 |  |  |  | 491,000 |
Purchases |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  | (1,887,000) |  |  |  | (2,213,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  | 1,606,000 |  |  |  | 1,722,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Trading Securities [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 16,294,000 |  | 24,787,000 |  | 20,388,000 | [1] | 28,975,000 |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  | (1,430,000) |  | (874,000) |  | (5,440,000) |  | (5,698,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 | [1] | (424,000) | [2] | (84,000) | [1] | 212,000 | [2]
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  | 14,864,000 | [1] | 23,489,000 |  | 14,864,000 | [1] | 23,489,000 |
Institutional Credit [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 5,282,562,000 |  | 4,697,584,000 |  | 4,853,685,000 | [1] | 4,121,244,000 |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 193,800,000 |  | 263,196,000 |  | 927,615,000 |  | 1,342,572,000 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Settlements |  | (29,851,000) |  | (64,895,000) |  | (357,006,000) |  | (594,124,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | (1,171,000) |  | (10,960,000) |  | 5,166,000 |  | 26,475,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | (1,594,000) |  | 19,732,000 |  | 14,286,000 |  | 8,490,000 |
Ending Balance |  | 5,443,746,000 | [1] | 4,904,657,000 |  | 5,443,746,000 | [1] | 4,904,657,000 |
USDA Guarantees [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  | 33,447,000 |  |  |  | 31,361,000 |
Purchases |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 4,100,000 |
Sales |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Settlements |  |  |  | (504,000) |  |  |  | (3,240,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  | (119,000) |  |  |  | 603,000 |
Ending Balance |  |  |  | 32,824,000 |  |  |  | 32,824,000 |
Floating Interest Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 18,518,000 |  | 17,730,000 |  | 17,730,000 |  | 44,924,000 |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | (26,806,000) |
Settlements |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  | 6,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | 0 |  | (148,000) |  | 788,000 |  | (542,000) |
Ending Balance |  | 18,518,000 |  | 17,582,000 |  | 18,518,000 |  | 17,582,000 |
Floating Interest Rate [Member] | Trading Securities [Member] | Asset-backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  |  |  | 281,000 |  |  |  | 491,000 |
Purchases |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Sales |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Settlements | [3] |  |  | (1,887,000) |  |  |  | (2,213,000) |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  |  |  | 1,606,000 |  |  |  | 1,722,000 |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |
Ending Balance |  |  |  | $ 0 |  |  |  | $ 0 |
Fixed Interest Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Government/GSE Guaranteed Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 4,651,000 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Transfers In |  |  |  |  |  | 7,041,000 |  |  |
Purchases |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Sales |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Settlements |  | (111,000) |  |  |  | (334,000) |  |  |
Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Income |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) included in Other Comprehen-sive Income |  | (82,000) |  |  |  | (2,249,000) |  |  |
Ending Balance |  | $ 4,458,000 |  |  |  | $ 4,458,000 |  |  |
[1] | Includes unrealized gains of $34,000 attributable to assets still held as of September 30, 2017 that are recorded in "Gains/(losses) on trading securities."
[2] | Includes unrealized losses of $0.4 million attributable to assets still held as of September 30, 2016 that are recorded in "Gains/(losses) on trading securities."
[3] | Unrealized gains are attributable to assets still held as of September 30, 2016 and are recorded in "Gains/(losses) on trading securities."

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