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Fair Value Disclosures - Summary of Carrying Value and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 | Dec. 31, 2014
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Financial derivatives | $ 7,093 | $ 23,182 |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 39,895 | 38,871 |  |
Derivative Liability | 1,673 | 32,509 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 38,400 | 37,282 | $ 38,609 | $ 37,925
Reported Value Measurement [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 302,022 | 265,229 |  |
Loans | 5,266,786 | 4,507,435 |  |
Financial derivatives | 7,093 | 23,182 |  |
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties | 1,404,945 | 1,142,704 |  |
Derivative Liability | 26,599 | 58,152 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 2,260,437 | 2,515,851 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 7,598,188 | 6,002,916 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 2,131,365 | 2,029,613 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 35,718 | 32,656 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 34,824 | 31,796 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 4,177 | 6,215 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 3,576 | 5,486 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Due within one year [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Notes payable: | 8,089,826 | 8,440,123 |  |
Reported Value Measurement [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Notes payable: | 7,432,790 | 5,222,977 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 302,022 | 265,229 |  |
Loans | 5,279,225 | 4,481,019 |  |
Financial derivatives | 7,093 | 23,182 |  |
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties | 1,386,652 | 1,107,513 |  |
Derivative Liability | 26,599 | 58,152 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 2,260,969 | 2,515,851 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 7,588,806 | 6,006,694 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities | 2,076,396 | 1,934,023 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 33,871 | 34,720 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 32,976 | 33,860 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable: | 4,323 | 6,197 |  |
Guarantee and commitment obligation | 3,722 | 5,467 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Due within one year [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Notes payable: | 8,079,309 | 8,439,515 |  |
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Notes payable: | $ 7,445,545 | $ 5,260,497 |  |

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