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Fair Value Disclosures - Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) |  | 3 Months Ended |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | $ 27,000 |  |  | $ 0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | $ 7,041,000 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 487,000 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | $ 5,508,576,000 | 4,891,803,000 |
Purchases |  | 689,740,000 | 572,116,000 |
Sales |  | (34,293,000) | (32,589,000) |
Settlements |  | (292,350,000) | (163,723,000) |
Ending Balance | 5,508,576,000 | 5,874,075,000 | 5,284,591,000 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | (18,932,000) | (3,297,000) |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 20,847,000 | 13,240,000 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | 0 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 0 |  |  |
Trading Securities, Unrealized Gains |  | 100,000 | 0 |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 13,515,000 | 20,388,000 |
Purchases |  | 34,293,000 | 32,589,000 |
Sales |  | (34,293,000) | (32,589,000) |
Settlements |  | (1,973,000) | (1,704,000) |
Ending Balance | 13,515,000 | 11,558,000 | 18,602,000 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | 16,000 | (82,000) |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 0 | 0 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Investment Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | 7,041,000 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 0 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 23,147,000 | 17,730,000 |
Purchases |  | 0 | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 | 0 |
Settlements |  | (109,000) | (112,000) |
Ending Balance | 23,147,000 | 23,130,000 | 22,943,000 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 92,000 | (1,716,000) |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | 0 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 487,000 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 5,471,914,000 | 4,853,685,000 |
Purchases |  | 655,447,000 | 539,527,000 |
Sales |  | 0 | 0 |
Settlements |  | (290,268,000) | (161,907,000) |
Ending Balance | 5,471,914,000 | 5,839,387,000 | 5,243,046,000 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | (18,948,000) | (3,215,000) |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 20,755,000 | 14,956,000 |
Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | 0 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 0 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 0 | 0 |
Purchases |  | 34,293,000 | 32,589,000 |
Sales |  | (34,293,000) | (32,589,000) |
Settlements |  | 0 | 0 |
Ending Balance | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 0 | 0 |
Trading Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | USDA Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | 0 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 0 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 13,515,000 | 20,388,000 |
Purchases |  | 0 | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 | 0 |
Settlements |  | (1,973,000) | (1,704,000) |
Ending Balance | 13,515,000 | 11,558,000 | 18,602,000 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | 16,000 | (82,000) |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 0 | 0 |
Institutional Credit [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | 0 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 487,000 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 5,471,914,000 | 4,853,685,000 |
Purchases |  | 655,447,000 | 539,527,000 |
Sales |  | 0 | 0 |
Settlements |  | (290,268,000) | (161,907,000) |
Ending Balance | 5,471,914,000 | 5,839,387,000 | 5,243,046,000 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | (18,948,000) | (3,215,000) |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 20,755,000 | 14,956,000 |
Floating Interest Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Floating rate auction-rate certificates backed by Government guaranteed student loans | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | 0 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 0 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 18,814,000 | 17,730,000 |
Purchases |  | 0 | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 | 0 |
Settlements |  | 0 | 0 |
Ending Balance | 18,814,000 | 19,010,000 | 18,124,000 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 196,000 | 394,000 |
Fixed Interest Rate [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Government/GSE Guaranteed Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3 |  |  | 7,041,000 |
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption | 0 |  |  |
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Beginning Balance |  | 4,333,000 | 0 |
Purchases |  | 0 | 0 |
Sales |  | 0 | 0 |
Settlements |  | (109,000) | (112,000) |
Ending Balance | $ 4,333,000 | 4,120,000 | 4,819,000 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings |  | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | $ (104,000) | $ (2,110,000) |

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